一般认为，会导致以下连锁反应： 日本福岛核危机-全球核电建设低迷-中国谨慎建设核电-电动汽车电能来源依赖火电-失去电动汽车节能环保的意义！ ① 日本福岛核危机：引发全球在建、拟建核电项目的搁置。我国近年地震等地质灾害频发，因此，我国核电的发展将可能受到影响。 ② 中国的电能来源：主要以煤电为主（80%），其他（约20%）：核电、风电、水电、太阳能发电等。 ③ 而火电的煤炭利用效率（用于火力发电的煤炭占全年煤炭使用量的1/5左右）很低，首先煤炭转化为电能，再输送（电能损耗），再给电动汽车充电，电能再经机械转化为汽车的推动力，这个过程的能量损耗比直接采用内燃机（汽油或柴油，甚至是天然气、代用燃料，如酒精等）的效率要低。这意味着对环境的污染并没有实质改善，因此，也就失去了通过电机拖动方式代替内燃机推动方式的意义。 ④ 另外，电动汽车本身的技术也存在瓶颈，例如：电池技术、充电技术等。 因此，综合以上分析，可以预见，在短期内： a)内燃机仍然将作为主要的汽车动力来源方式，尤其是中重型商用车、客车，解决石油危机的可能方式有可能转向可再生的代用燃料内燃机； b)对于电动汽车的发展，可以考虑采用风能、太阳能的利用，但这受地理条件和气候的影响和限制； c)对于氢电池，存在储存和使用的安全问题，造价也高，而且氢的收集也是一个问题（不能依靠电能分解）。
GM and Maplesoft to Collaborate on Electric Vehicle Technologies at the University of Waterloo Maplesoft October 15, 2010 A new five-year, $10.5-million partnership between General Motors of Canada, Waterloo-based Maplesoft Inc., and a multidisciplinary research team at the University of Waterloo is tackling the challenges of next generation electric vehicles. Through model-based design and prototype testing, the team will investigate crucial technologies for achieving more widespread use of electric vehicles. “Vehicle electrification is a key pillar of our energy diversification strategy,” said Kevin Williams, president and managing director of GM of Canada. “Building on our leading RD commitments in Canada, this project better positions us to exceed customers' expectations with respect to the performance, safety, and sustainability of our electric vehicle technologies.” The research is being supported by the Automotive Partnership Canada (APC) with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) as the lead agency. APC is contributing $3.6 million, in addition to $2.5 million from the Ontario Research Fund. “The Harper government's continued commitment to RD in Canada is bringing long-term benefits to our automotive industry, and is helping to keep us on the cutting edge of innovation,” said Peter Braid, Member of Parliament for Kitchener-Waterloo, on behalf of The Honourable Tony Clement, Minister of Industry. “This technology is an exciting example of made-in-Canada innovation resulting from the Automotive Partnership Canada program." “We're very excited about the APC project,” added Dr. Tom Lee, Maplesoft's vice-president, engineering applications. “This project will result in powerful new software tools that will speed up the design and analysis of electric vehicles.” The development and validation of key enabling technologies such as vehicle stability control, power management systems, and battery monitoring and charging devices will be important focus areas for the research team, led by Dr. Amir Khajepour from the University of Waterloo. Importantly, the technologies originating from Waterloo will also be tested by GM vehicle development teams. Engaging the research team in the vehicle development process will provide them with a unique opportunity to gain insight into bringing new technology concepts to market, and help transform the research findings into a truly integrated technological solution. "Electrification of automotive systems presents complex challenges for a vehicle's powertrain, control systems, battery health monitoring, thermal management, and safety,” added Dr. Khajepour. “With the APC funding and the support of General Motors, we plan to tackle these challenges to develop the next generation of key electric vehicle technologies.” Maplesoft, a leading developer of high performance physical modeling and simulation software, will incorporate the researchers' innovative ideas into new design tools that GM's staff can apply during their routine engineering work. Maplesoft is particularly interested in using its modelling capabilities to help improve the batteries deployed in electric vehicles. About General Motors of Canada Limited Headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario, General Motors of Canada Limited (GMCL) employs over 9,000 people across the country and is a recognized leader in green manufacturing. GMCL markets the full range of fuel-efficient Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac vehicles and related services through Canada's largest automotive dealer network, which employs over 23,000 people dedicated to delivering a top customer experience. GMCL also plays a leadership role in automotive design and engineering, engaging in innovative research and development partnerships with leading Canadian universities and research institutes. In addition, through its Canadian Engineering Centres, GMCL conducts development activities ranging from cold weather testing to the advancement of key electric vehicle and green technologies. www.gm.ca About Maplesoft Maplesoft™, provider of high-performance software tools for engineering, science, and mathematics, offers a product suite that reflects the philosophy that given great tools, people can do great things. Maplesoft's core technologies include an advanced symbolic computation engine and revolutionary physical modelling techniques. Combined together, these technologies enable the creation of cutting edge tools for design, modelling, and high-performance simulation. Engineers, scientists, and mathematicians use Maplesoft's products to reduce errors, shorten design times, lower costs, and improve results. The Maplesoft product suite includes Maple™, the technical computing and documentation environment, and MapleSim™, the high-performance, multi-domain modelling and simulation tool for physical systems. Visit www.maplesoft.com to learn more. CONTACT(S): GM Canada Jason Easton 905-441-5782 Maplesoft Kathleen McNichol 519-747-2373 Options Tell a Colleague about this Media Release
Journal of Power Sources Article in Press, Accepted Manuscript - Note to users doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.005 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI Copyright 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. Permissions Reprints Online Estimation of Internal Resistance and Open-circuit Voltage of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles Yi-Hsien Chiang , a , , Wu-Yang Sean a and Jia-Cheng Ke a a Mechanical and System Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan Received 31 August 2010; revised 5 December 2010; accepted 5 January 2011. Available online 14 January 2011. Abstract State-of-charge (SoC) and state-of-health (SoH) define the amount of charge and rated capacity loss of a battery, respectively. In order to determine these two measures, open-circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance of the battery are indispensable parameters that are obtained with difficulty through direct measurement. The motivation of this study is to develop an online, simple, training-free, and easily-implementable scheme that is capable of estimating such parameters, particularly for the lithium-ion battery in battery-powered vehicles. Based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM), the electrical performance of a battery can be formulated into state-space representation. Also, underdetermined model parameters can be arranged to appear linearly so that an adaptive control approach can be applied. An adaptation algorithm is developed by exploiting the Lyapunov-stability criteria. The OCV and internal resistance can be extracted exactly without limitations of a system input signal, such as persistent excitation (PE), enhancing the method applicability for vehicular power systems. In this study, both simulations and experiments are established to verify the capability and effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme. Keywords: Internal resistance; open-circuit voltage; state-of-charge; state-of-health; adaptive control; equivalent circuit model
标签: 电动汽车
![[转载]同济大学研发无人驾驶智能电动汽车](http://image.sciencenet.cn/album/201106/02/0901398tiiznqnh55sthsd.jpg.thumb.jpg)
