怎样写审稿意见:转自 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_600423c00100hu1i.html 一般审稿意见至少要包含三条: (1)简要描述论文的研究内容和意义,并作出评价。对于其比较好的部分,要给于肯定。 (2)针对文章中的内容和结果,指出其具体的不足之处,并谈谈你的看法。文章的不足之处有三种层次:第一,论文结果不正确或有重大失误;第二,论文缺乏重要的结果;第三,论文的结果不够完善。 (3)最后,给出你的综合评价,接受,修改,还是拒收。 英文论文审稿意见汇总 以下关于英文投稿过程中编辑给出的意见,与大家一起分享。12点无轻重主次之分。每一点内容由总结性标题和代表性审稿人意见构成。 1、目标和结果不清晰。 It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader. 2、未解释研究方法或解释不充分。 ◆ In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical me thods used in the study. ◆ Furthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experiments should be provided. 3、对于研究设计的rationale: Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design. 4、夸张地陈述结论/夸大成果/不严谨: The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not show if the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation. 5、对hypothesis的清晰界定: A hypothesis needs to be presented。 6、对某个概念或工具使用的rationale/定义概念: What was the rationale for the film/SBF volume ratio? 7、对研究问题的定义: Try to set the problem discussed in this paper in more clear, write one section to define the problem 8、如何凸现原创性以及如何充分地写literature review: The topic is novel but the application proposed is not so novel. 9、对claim,如A>B的证明,verification: There is no experimental comparison of the algorithm with previously known work, so it is impossible to judge whether the algorithm is an improvement on previous work. 10、严谨度问题: MNQ is easier than the primitive PNQS, how to prove that. 11、格式(重视程度): ◆ In addition, the list of references is not in our style. It is close but not completely correct. I have attached a pdf file with "Instructions for Authors" which shows examples. ◆ Before submitting a revision be sure that your material is properly prepared and formatted. If you are unsure, please consult the formatting nstructions to authors that are given under the "Instructions and Forms" button in he upper right-hand corner of the screen. 12、语言问题(出现最多的问题): 有关语言的审稿人意见: ◆ It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader. ◆ The authors must have their work reviewed by a proper translation/reviewing service before submission; only then can a proper review be performed. Most sentences contain grammatical and/or spelling mistakes or are not complete sentences. ◆ As presented, the writing is not acceptable for the journal. There are pro blems with sentence structure, verb tense, and clause construction. ◆ The English of your manuscript must be improved before resubmission. We str ongly suggest that you obtain assistance from a colleague who is well-versed i n English or whose native language is English. ◆ Please have someone competent in the English language and the subject matte r of your paper go over the paper and correct it. ? ◆ the quality of English needs improving. 来自编辑的鼓励: Encouragement from reviewers: ◆ I would be very glad to re-review the paper in greater depth once it has be en edited because the subject is interesting. ◆ There is continued interest in your manuscript titled "……" which you subm itted to the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B - Applied Biomat erials. ◆ The Submission has been greatly improved and is worthy of publication.
中国稠油油藏分布区存在大量的浅层天然气,这些天然气主要是 原油在厌氧微生物降解过程中形成的生物气,又称为稠油降解气。 原油降解后的主要产物是甲烷。在中国含油气盆地中,由生物降解产生的甲烷气可能有巨大勘探潜力。 已在松辽盆地西斜坡、渤海湾盆地和准噶尔盆地西北缘等稠油分布区发现了大量稠油降解气 (Zhu et al., 2003; 2008) 。 研究发现这些浅层天然气 (一般埋藏在 200~1000m ) 与稠油具有密切的成因关系,分布在稠油油藏的上倾方向或周围 。 目前 这些 浅层天然气正在成为新的研究热点和勘探领域。 这些 稠油降解气 以干气为主,主要成分是甲烷,乙烷以上的重烃类含量甚微,非烃中 N 2 含量较高; 甲烷的碳同位素值呈高负值特征,一般介于生物气与热解气之间,乙烷的碳同位素偏重,可能混合有热成因气; CO 2 显示出异常重的碳同位素值。 原油降解气 甲烷富轻碳同位素主要是 由于甲烷发酵菌优先选择 12 CO 2 作为碳源,而且在 CO 2 —CH 4 系统中的热力学同位素交换反应中也有利于 CH 4 富集 12 C ,而 13 C 却更多地保留到残留的 CO 2 中去。可见在这一过程中存在强烈的碳同位素分馏作用,所以稠油降解气中甲烷的碳同位素值呈高负值特征( -100‰~-55‰ ) (Larter et al. , 2003 ) ,而 CO 2 却显示出异常重的碳同位素值。甲烷菌发酵时产生的大量 CO 2 ,已不能被其它来源的 CO 2 淡化,所以 CO 2 的 δ 13 C 值为较大的正值( +15‰~+20‰ )。以此来看,较重的二氧化碳碳同位素应是由于甲烷发酵菌优先选择 12 C 消耗的结果,而不是无机成因标志。 因此,在微生物降解原油过程中碳同位素分馏效应十分明显。 稠油在形成早期或形成过程中, 储集层在开启环境下,微生物由地表水渗入到 油层 中, 在有大气游离氧存在的氧化条件下,原油经受氧化、水洗和喜氧细菌降解作用,导致原油稠化;一旦当游离氧消耗殆尽,则氮气富集,喜氧细菌降解作用中止并会转入厌氧细菌降解原油生成甲烷的过程,因此稠油降解气往往富集 N 2 。 稠油降解气的生成是一个十分复杂的地质地球化学和微生物地球化学过程,是在多种微生物群体参与下发生的一系列有机-生物和水-烃反应综合作用的结果 (Whiticar et al. , 1986 ; Larter et al. , 2003; Rling , et al . 2003; Zengler et al.,1999) ,受多种因素控制。 微生物对原油进行厌氧降解的过程中,离不开自由水 (Larter et al. , 2003; Huang et al.,2004) ,因此,生物降解作用往往发生在油水接触面附近。 稠油降解气是 微生物参与的水-烃反应,适宜微生物的繁殖条件和油-水界面的存在等对 稠油降解气的形成都具有重要的影响。 稠油降解气是原油在还原环境下经厌氧微生物作用所形成的富甲烷气体,它可以大规模广范围地生成。特别是在一些稠油油藏附近,有生物甲烷显示的地区,地层水系统封闭性好,不存在高浓度硫酸根离子,这些地区是有利于原油降解气的形成。 稠油降解气是原油在还原环境下经厌氧微生物作用所形成的富甲烷气体,它可以大规模广范围地生成。但由于稠油降解气藏一般埋藏浅,盖层固结程度差、易渗透,盖层突破压力和渗透率的细微变化都可能导致天然气聚集或散失,因此聚集保存比较困难。因此稠油降解气主要是靠晚期聚集。从大多数稠油降解气藏的形成时间来看,一般稠油降解气藏最终定型时间也在晚期。因此,晚期、超晚期成藏是稠油降解气富集成藏的关键。但是,与常规生物气藏相比,稠油降解气藏成藏条件比常规生物气的成藏条件要优越得多,因为浅层油藏已经具备圈闭和储盖条件,对于晚期生成的稠油降解气是很理想的成藏条件,这也是很多地方发现稠油降解气的重要原因之一。在老油区,一些枯竭油井停一段时间之后又自然复活产气的现象就很可能是厌氧菌解作用的结果,总之,次生生物气藏成藏条件优越,具有较大的勘探潜力。 在我国含油气盆地中,由生物降解产生的甲烷气可能有巨大勘探潜力。虽然我国已在松辽盆地西斜坡、渤海湾盆地和准噶尔盆地西北缘等稠油分布区发现了大量稠油降解气,据不完全统计,目前在松辽盆地已探明稠油降解气的地质储量为 240 × 10 8 m 3 (据冯子辉和王雪等)。根据稠油规模,初步估计准噶尔盆地西北缘浅层聚集有大约千亿方的稠油降解气。济阳坳陷的浅层天然气非常富集,其储量占济阳坳陷天然气总储量的 80% 以上,这些浅层天然气藏呈环状分布在箕状凹陷边缘的凸起带上,与重油油藏密切伴生,分布在重油油藏的上方或上倾方,或以伴生气的形式存在浅层重质油油藏中。已发现的这些气田埋藏浅(一般埋藏在 200~1000m ,平均在 600m ),它们一般都不是专门勘探,往往是石油勘探的副产物。 参考文献 1. ZHU GuangYo u, Zhang Shuichang, ZHAO Wenzhi et al. Formation mechanism and geochemical characteristics of shallow natural gas in heavy oil province, China. Science in China(D),2008,51(Supp):80-89. 2. Larter S,Wilhelms A,Heada I, et al . The controls on the composition of biodegraded oils in the deep subsurface - part 1 : biodegradation rates in petroleum reservoirs . Organic Geochemistry,2003,34 : 601-613. 3. Huang Haiping, Steve R.Larter, Bernard F J Bowler, Thomas B P,Oldenburg.A dynamic biodegradation model suggested by petroleum compositional gradients within reservoir columns from the Liaohe basin, NE China.Organic Geochemistry,2004, 5:299-316. 4. Zengler,K.,Richnow,H.H.,Rossello-Mora,R.,Michaelis,W. Widdel,F. Methane formation from long-chain alkanes by anaerobic microorganisms.Nature ,1999,401:26 6 ~ 269 5. Whiticar, M.J., Faber, E., Schoell, M. Biogenic methane formation in marine and fresh-water environments-CO 2 reduction vs acetate fermentation isotope evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1986,50:693 ~ 709 6. Larter S.R., Head I.M.,.Huang H.P, Bennett B.,M.Jones, Murray,A. R.Di Primio. Oil to gas slowly — Biodegradation,gas destruction and methane generation in deep subsurface petroleum reservoirs .In Proceedings of the Petroleum Geology in NW Europe,in Press.2003,The Geological Society,London,Unitied Kingdom. 7. Rling,W.F.M.,Head,I.M. Larter,S.R. he microbiology of hydrocarbon degradation in subsurface petroleum reservoirs:perspectives and prospects.Res.Microbiol.2003,154:321 ~ 328. 8. Zhu Guangyou, Jin Qiang, Zhang Shuichang, et al. Character and genetic types of shallow gas pools in Jiyang depression. Organic Geochemistry,2005,35:1650-1663. 9. 朱光有 , 张水昌 , 赵文智 , 王政军等 . 中国稠油区浅层天然气地球化学特征与成因机制 . 中国科学 , 2007,37( 增刊 ) : 80-89. 10. 王政军,朱光有,王政国,等 . 原油降解气的形成条件及其特征 . 天然气工业, 2008 , 28(11): 29-33.
区域地球系统模拟及分析(RESMA)国际研讨会在京成功举行 2011-06-17 | 【 小 中 大 】 【关闭】 2011 年 5 月 19-21 日,由中国科学院东亚区域气候 - 环境重点实验室( RCE-TEA )、 The University of Texas at Austin 、南京大学气候与全球变化研究院 (ICGRC) 、季风亚洲区域集成研究计划 (MAIRS) 、国家自然基金委员会 (NSFC) 和中国科学院国际合作局联合举办的区域地球系统模式模拟及分析( RESMA )国际研讨会在京顺利召开。大会联合主席 The University of Texas at Austin 杨宗良教授主持了研讨会开幕式,出席开幕式的有国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学学部张朝林处长、中国科学院 对地观测与数字地球科学中心 主任郭华东、 美国国家大气研究中心 (NCAR) 地球系统实验室 Greg Holland 教授 、中国科学院资环局任小波处长、中国科学院大气物理研究所朱江副所长、东亚区域气候 - 环境重点实验室主任马柱国和副主任贾根锁等。来自美国 NCAR, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas AM University, Auburn University, Washington State University, University of Wyoming, Rutgers University, University of Virginia ,澳大利亚 CSIRO 和瑞士 EPFL ,以及中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、寒区旱区环境与工程研究所、南京地理与湖泊研究所、 对地观测与数字地球科学中心 、青藏高原研究所、中国气象局、中国农业科学院、南京大学、兰州大学、北京师范大学、南京信息工程大学、成都信息工程学院、中国海洋大学、解放军理工大学等国内外研究机构和高校的专家学者及学生共 100 多人参加了此次会议。 在人口快速增长和经济迅猛发展的东亚地区,极端气候、水文和环境事件频发,人类活动所造成的气候变化引起了人们更多的思考。为了更好的适应和减缓人类活动所造成的这种气候变化,迫切的需要更深刻的理解气候系统及其与社会环境之间的相互关系。同时,区域尺度上气候变化的预测更成为气候研究领域最大的挑战之一。基于以上科学问题,研讨会分为三个部分, 1 )区域地球系统模式的发展; 2 )区域地球系统的反馈; 3 )东亚地区人类活动与气候变化。围绕以上内容,针对东亚区域的模式发展、区域地球系统的反馈以及人类活动对东亚区域气候的影响,就陆面模式、生态模式和区域气候模式的发展;气候变化与区域水循环、生物地球化学循环、云和气溶胶、土地利用 / 覆盖变化与气候变化;人类活动对区域气候的影响、气候动力学及可预报性和极端气候事件等方面,来自国内外的专家学者做了 40 多个精彩的报告,并就相关问题开展了热烈的讨论和交流。 在研讨会专题讨论中,国内外专家学者就区域地球系统模式的发展和应用提出了许多建设性的建议。通过这次研讨会,国内外学者在区域地球系统模拟、分析和应用等领域进行了广泛的交流。大家一致认为,此次会议是开展区域研究的国际合作的良好开端,建议将 RESMA 国际研讨会继续办下去。 21 号下午,美国国家大气研究中心地球系统实验室的 Greg Holland 教授、大气化学组的 Alex Guenther 教授和气候与全球动力组的 Keith Oleson 教授还受邀在大气物理研究所举办了报告会。会后,符淙斌院士和四位来自 NCAR 的专家就区域问题研究进行了座谈。 (RCE-TEA 供稿 )
手写数字 数据库 THE MNIST DATABASE,在下面网址指向的 数据 库中,有60000个训练样本数据集和10000个测试用例。它是NIST数据库的一个子集。这些数字 图像 已经被规范化,将数字置于图像中心,并使图像大小一致。这对于要尝试自己的 学习 技术 和 模式识别 方法在真实世界中的效果的人来说,是一个好的数据库,它节省了大量处理和 格式 化的 时间 。 这些图片数据保存在 文件 中,所以,需要使用特定的方式读取文件。详细使用说明见: http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/ THE MNIST DATABASE of handwritten digits Yann LeCun, Courant Institute, NYU Corinna Cortes, Google Labs, New York The MNIST database of handwritten digits, available from this page, has a training set of 60,000 examples, and a test set of 10,000 examples. It is a subset of a larger set available from NIST. The digits have been size-normalized and centered in a fixed-size image. It is a good database for people who want to try learning techniques and pattern recognition methods on real-world data while spending minimal efforts on preprocessing and formatting. Four files are available on this site: train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz :training set images (9912422 bytes) train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz :training set labels (28881 bytes) t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz : test set images (1648877 bytes) t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz : test set labels (4542 bytes) 另有提供 matlab 读取的MNIST、USPS、Binary Alphadigits数据库,Data for MATLAB hackers,见: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~roweis/data.html ,有图片如下: 下载 (9.61 KB) 2009-11-26 17:19 下载 (10.93 KB) 2009-11-26 17:19 Handwritten Digits MNIST Handwritten Digits 8-bit grayscale images of "0" through "9"; about 6K training examples of each class; 1K test examples USPS Handwritten Digits 8-bit grayscale images of "0" through "9"; 1100 examples of each class. Binary Alphadigits Binary 20x16 digits of "0" through "9" and capital "A" through "Z". 39 examples of each class. From Simon Lucas' ( sml@essex.ac.uk ), Algoval system. 参考网址: http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/ http://hi.baidu.com/ln0707/blog/item/8207ef010a243d81d53f7c03.html http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~roweis/data.html 转自: http://www.aiseminar.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=717
http://scienceblog.com/ Porn-Induced Erectile Dysfunction Is A Growing Problem New Research Provides Clues on Why Hair Turns Gray Magical thinking helps dieters cope with unrealistic expectations Sexy doesn’t always sell: When do beautiful models help? Teens look to parents more than friends for sexual role models Noninvasive brain stimulation helps curb impulsivity Researchers Break Light-Matter Coupling Strength Limit in Nanoscale Semiconductors Using living cells as medicine ‘invisibility cloak’ Scientists Prove Existence of ‘Magnetic Ropes’ that Cause Solar Storms ‘Glowing hands’ in the waiting room improves kids’ handwashing
http://iknow.baidu.com/question/92995635.html?fr=qrlcid=194index=3 origin里怎么求拟合曲线的拐点,就是2阶导数0的点 右键单击拟合曲线,set as active 然后选择analysis里面Mathematics里面的 differenciate 然后order改成2 output到另外一个book里面看结果
http://scienceblog.com/ Fluent English Speakers Translate into Chinese Automatically New insights on how solar minimums affect Earth Forecast: Tough times ahead for daily deal sites Fear boosts activation of young, immature brain cells What Gamers Want: Researchers Develop Tool To Predict Player Behavior Early French had a taste for beer Money can’t buy happiness Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets may reduce both tumor growth rates and cancer risk Creationism Creeps into Mainstream Geology Teacher unions that have lost collective bargaining will flex political muscle with money
The central dogma in molecular biology states that DNA is copied into RNA, one nucleotide at a time. But it turns out that copy may be a lot less exact than scientists previously thought. A new paper, published today in Science, identifies widespread differences between DNA sequences and their corresponding RNA transcripts in human cells, and demonstrates that these differences result in proteins that do not precisely match the genes that encode them. The finding challenges the assumption that RNA is a perfect one-to-one match to its corresponding DNA sequence and may open the door to an unexplored area of variation in the human genome. “Most people assume the information in DNA is faithfully transferred to RNA and then the RNA is translated into proteins,” said Jin Billy Li, a geneticist at Stanford University who was not involved in the research. If additional research confirms the results, “the central dogma will have to be revised. You can’t assume the DNA is transferred to RNA without any changes." Vivian Cheung and colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine used next generation sequencing tools to sequence RNA from B cells of 27 individuals who were part of the International HapMap and 1000 Genomes Projects. They then compared those RNA sequences to their corresponding genes in the DNA. Cheung was surprised to find more than 10,000 sites where RNA bases did not match the corresponding DNA sequence. "We didn't really expect anything, and then we saw a lot of differences," says Cheung. Her initial reaction was to blame the differences on technical errors or artifacts, so the team performed numerous experiments to rule out a technical fluke. In the process, they noticed that many of the differences were not random. Time and again, a single RNA base was always changed in the exact same way from cell to cell. A site that should be AA might be edited to AC, for example, and every individual would either have the original AA or the edited AC, but no other possible modifications, such as AG or AT. Then the team looked at the resulting proteins and found that they reflected the edited RNA sequences, meaning the DNA did not directly encode its protein products. In some cases, the changes were minor, but not all. In one, a RNA variant led to the loss of a stop codon, and the protein was 55 amino acids longer than would have been encoded by the DNA. Past research has identified several post-transcriptional mechanisms that result in RNA editing, but these mechanisms account for less than half of the differences uncovered in the new study, the authors write. Cheung and the team do not yet know the mechanisms that might be causing the systematic RNA modifications, nor how the resulting protein changes might affect protein function. Still, "this is one source of genomic variation we didn't know about," says Cheung. "We always think of DNA sequences as the causes or reasons why some of us are more or less prone to certain diseases, but we certainly didn?t think RNA sequences as being the possible cause. And now we have all these forms of proteins we didn?t know existed." But additional research needs to be done to confirm the findings, said Li, who is performing similar studies in his lab. "Mapping these differences is not a trivial thing," he cautioned. Many genes exist two or more times in the human genome, and researchers could mistakenly map an RNA sequence to the wrong region. "If that happens, you may miscall that as RNA editing," he said.
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Remote Access with VNC On the Windows computer you will be using from outside the center: • 1. Download putty.exe from here . • 2. Download Ultr@VNC Standalone Viewer . 3. Open Putty and open a connection to Host Name gate.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu 4. From gate ssh to your linux workstation. (In this example user 'mehlsa' is connecting to a workstation named 'crusoe') 5. Once connected to your workstation, run the command /usr/pubsw/bin/vncpasswd . Enter and confirm a password that you will use to connect remotely. 6. Run the command /usr/pubsw/bin/vncserver.glx 7. You must note the number value that is returned for your remote desktop. In this example the value is 1 . You do not normally need to run steps 5-7 every time you connect. Unless your workstation has rebooted or you have explicitly killed your VNC server process, the vncserver.glx program will still be running. After connecting to your workstation run /usr/pubsw/bin/vnccheck to see see if the process is still running. This will also show you the desktop number (the number after the colon) you need for the tunnel. • 8. Open a new putty window. • 9. Enter gate.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu for the Host Name and enter gate_vnc for the Saved Sessions. • 10. In the category menu on the left, click on "Tunnels" • 11. Enter a Source port of 5905 . • 12. For the Destination, you should enter the name of the linux workstation that is running vncserver.glx followed by a colon and 590X where "X" is the number you noted in step #7 above. . (In this example, we are attempting to create a tunnel to the destination crusoe:5901 ). • 13. You must click the 'Add' button. • 14. In the category menu on the left, click on "Session" • 15. Click the 'Save' button to save all the changes you've made. • 16. Now double-click on ' gate_vnc ' to open a terminal window. • 17. Login using your NMR username and password. Once you have logged in, you can minimize the window. As long as the window remains open, the tunnel will exist and you will be able to use VNC. • 18. Open. UltraVNC Viewer. • 19. You must enter localhost:5905 as the Server. Then press Connect. • 20. Use the password you set in step #5 to connect. • 21. Once connected, you can click on the icon in the upper-left hand corner of the screen to display a menu with some commonly uses commands.
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