• Good editing starts with good writing. 出色的编辑来源于 优秀的写作 • Ask the author to write the paper in English and not to translate. 要求作者 用英语撰写文稿 ，不要翻译 • Remind the author to write the paper in short sentences. 提醒作者以 短句 撰写文稿 • Check for each ca tegory of grammatical mistake separately. 按照类别一一检查语法错误 • Look at the punctuation . 检查标点符号 • Check for spelling mistakes. ( use Word to help you! ) 检查拼写错误，可以利用Word中的拼写检查功能 • Do a separate reading to check for use of articles (a/an and the) and nouns (singular/plural; count/noncount). 分别检查 冠词 和 名词 的使用 • Read the paper again for sentence structure. 重新阅读文稿检查句子结构 • Check the sentence length. Are any of the sentences too long? 检查句子长度，是否有过长的句子 • Constantly check dictionaries, style guides, and grammar books while you edit. 编辑时要不断查阅 字典、写作指南和语法 参考书 • Check that all numbers, formulas, figures, and tables are correct. 核对所有 数字、公式，图片与表格 是否正确 • Check the references . 核对 参考文献 Why clear English is important: 为什么清晰的英文表达很重要 “If the manuscript is so poorly written that the meaning and significance of the work are obscured, I will reject it without completing the technical review.” “如果原稿写的很差，意思和意义表达模糊， 我会在进行技术审阅之前就退稿 。” Ray A. Dickie, Ford Research Laboratory 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 用词篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 短语篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 句子篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 符号篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 资源篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 期刊篇 预存得赠礼活动进行中 现在预存，先开发票，后付款 100万元的赠送金额+礼品等你拿
Practical Activities for Journal Editors and Publishers 期刊编辑与出版商的实际操作 A. Instructions for Authors 投稿指南 • Should be: 应当易查，易懂，全面 • Easy to find • Easy to understand • Thorough *Tip: It is also good to complement them with sample articles or pre-made format files for authors to use as reference. 最好附 样本文章 或已经 排好版的文档 供作者参考 B. Structure of Scientific Articles 科学文章结构 The IMRAD format was developed to present data in the clearest possible way. IMRAD 格式能够最明了地展现文章 I ntroduction 前言 M ethods and Materials 方法和材料 R esults 结果 A nd D iscussion 讨论 *Tip: If the required article or journal structure is different, this needs to be made clear to the authors. 如果文章或期刊结构与要求不同，应向作者说明 IMRAD Structure IMRAD结构 • The INTRODUCTION answers the question, What problem was studied? 前言： 阐述了文章所研究的问题 • The METHODS section answers the question, How was the problem studied? 方法： 这些问题是如何研究的 • The RESULTS section answers the question, What were the findings? 结果： 研究发现了什么 • The DISCUSSION section answers the question, What do the findings mean ? 讨论： 研究发现的意义是什么 C. Importance of Abstracts 摘要的重要性 • Let reader decide whether to read further 让 读者决定是否继续阅读 • Is the 1st part to be read , therefore it sets up positive or negative expectations for the remainder of the work 摘要是文章的 第一部分 ，关系着读者对全文的 印象好坏 • Should encourage readers who decide the topic is relevant to read further 应当吸引读者 继续阅读正文 • If poorly written, discourages reader from reading further 写的差的摘要会导致读者停止继续阅读 • Should be aimed at both readers who will read the abstract only and those that will read the complete paper. 摘要应当既能吸引 单纯的摘要读者 ，又能吸引 阅读全文的读者 科学写作：摘要撰写及常见错误（一） 科学写作：摘要撰写及常见错误（二） 科学写作：摘要撰写及常见错误（三） 科学写作：摘要撰写及常见错误（四） 科学写作：摘要撰写及常见错误（五） 往期内容 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 用词篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 短语篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 句子篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 符号篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 资源篇 预存得赠礼活动进行中 现在预存，先开发票，后付款 100万元的赠送金额+礼品等你拿
Spelling 拼写 Good online dictionaries to help with spelling: 帮助拼写检查的在线词典 • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ • American Heritage Dictionary, 5th Ed. https://ahdictionary.com/ Spellcheckers 拼写检查工具 but remember that it won’t catch mistakes like from/form, trial/trail… 但是拼写检查工具不能查出像 from/form, trial/trail 之类的拼写错误… Stylebooks 写作与编辑手册 • Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 7th edition • American Medical Association Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, 9th edition • The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition • The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors, 3rd edition Grammar Books 语法参考书 • The Gregg Reference Manual • The Little, Brown Handbook Dictionaries 词典 • The American Heritage Dictionary • Longman Dictionary of American English • Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary • Oxford ESL Dictionary Online Resources 在线资源 • https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ • https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900017394 • https://sites.google.com/a/iolani.org/kg2/ • http://englishplus.com/grammar/punccont.htm • https://ahdictionary.com/ • http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ • http://englishplus.com/grammar/mistcont.htm 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 用词篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 短语篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 句子篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 符号篇 预存得赠礼活动进行中 现在预存，先开发票，后付款 100万元的赠送金额+礼品等你拿
Punctuation Has the Power to Completely Change the Meaning of a Sentence 标点可以完全改变句子意思 1. Commas: Be careful about commas with essential and nonessential information 逗号：注意必要和非必要信息 Ask yourself, “Is the information essential or is it extra information that could be omitted”? 问你自己：“此信息 必要 吗, 或是否为多余信息进行省略” ? If the information is essential , do NOT use commas. 如果此信息是 重要 的, 不要 使用逗号。 If the information is extra, nonessential , information, you MUST use commas. 如果此信息是附加的， 不必要 的， 必须 使用逗号。 正确用法： The equipment that we used was made by the XX Company. 错误用法： The equipment, which we used, was made by the XX Company. 正确用法： The equipment, which was made in Shanghai, was very expensive. Basic Rule for Comma Use 逗号使用的一般规则 Use commas + “which” for non-essential information. 用逗号+“which”表示非必要的信息 ○ This review, which can also be found online, covers research that started in 1999. × This review that can also be found online covers research that started in 1999. Use NO commas + “that” for essential information. 直接使用“that”表示必要的信息 ○ The research that I reviewed started in 1999. × The research, that I reviewed, started in 1999. 2. Hyphens, en dash, em dash: Try not to overuse because they can slow down the reader 连字符，一字线，破折号尽量少用 Hyphens and Dashes Hyphen (-): Connector rather than in indicator of interruption or omission. 连接 well-being, advanced-level En dash (–): Means “through.” 范围 August 28–29; pp. 2–5. • Em dash (—): Separator to create a strong break in a sentence, like parentheses. 断开 These two cities—that is, Beijing and Shanghai—are developing rapidly. Practice Exercise 练习 1. The introduction is written on pages 3□6. 2. The CUJS conference will be held November 24□November 30 in Beijing, China. 3. Mr. Wang had tried asking, begging, and even demanding cooperation from his staff□all of whom were busy with other things□before he gave up and wrote the report himself. 4. No one□not even his professor□thought that his article would be published in Nature. 5. This is a well□known problem in organic chemistry. 3. Colons, Semicolons 冒号和分号 Colon: for listing and defining, and indicates a stronger pause than a semicolon. 冒号： 用于列举，定义，比分号停顿强 The presentation covered three topics: grammar, punctuation, and format. Semicolon: for joining two related complete sentences (shows closer relationship than “.”). 分号： 用于连接两个相关句子，比句号更具关联性 The patient had no prior history of disease; however, he presented with many common symptoms. 4. Asian Symbols 亚洲字符：全角字符 All Asian, full-space fonts should be changed to Western, half-space fonts for accurate display on other computers and for proper printing. 全角 字符亚洲字符应 转换为西文（半角） 字符，以便准确 显示和打印 The biggest offenders: 用错最多的符号： 、 ， ； ： ( ) × % ＜ ＞ ℃ 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 用词篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 短语篇 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 句子篇 预存得赠礼活动进行中 现在预存，先开发票，春节后再付款 100万元的赠送金额+礼品等你拿
When writing science, it’s important to be clear and use as few words as possible 科学写作：表达清晰，使用短句 你会选择哪些词？ • a majority of • most • a number of • many, several, some • at a rapid rate • rapidly • as a consequence of • because of • at this point in time • now, currently • based on the fact that • because • completely filled • filled • despite the fact that • although • due to the fact that • because • during the course of • during, while • fewer in number • fewer • for the purpose of examining • to examine • has the capability of • can, is able to • in all cases • always, invariably • in connection with • about, concerning • in the event that • if • in the near future • soon • It has been reported by Wang • Wang reported • it is often the case that • often • it is possible that the cause is • the cause may be • it is worth pointing out that • note that • it would thus appear that • apparently • large amounts of • much • large in size • large • large numbers of • many • located in, located near • in, near • on the basis of • from, by, because • oval in shape, oval-shaped • oval • prior to • before 英文编辑讲座：使文章“好”上加好 | 用词篇 预存得赠礼活动进行中 现在预存，先开发票，春节后再付款 100万元的赠送金额+礼品等你拿
标签: “好”上加好
