Good morning! It is my pleasure to present our recent work on nonlinear dynamics inenergy harvesting. Mr. Tianchen Yuan is my Ph D student. Firstof all, I’ll show you the outline of the talk. Thetalk is divided into 5 parts. It begins with an introduction to explain the background and the motivation. Then the physical model is presented and the electromechanical coupling relation is analytically established. It follows the parameter identification from the experimental data. Then the experimental amplitude-frequency response curves are presented and compared with numerical results and harmonic-balance-analysis results. Finally, some concluding remarks end the talk. Now turn to the Introduction. As we well know, energy harvesting is a significant issue. Especially, vibratory energy harvesting is to transform the kinetic energy of waste vibration intoelectricity. Linear beams have been widely used to model and to analyze energy harvesters. However, there are some essential limitations of linear beam energy harvesters. As a resonator, a linear energy harvester works only in a narrow frequency range near the resonance. The electromechanical coupling is rather weak. A plate is a promising structure for piezoelectric energy harvesting because of its strong coupling and its compact volume. Especially, a circular plate has an axial symmetric structure which is easy to be processed and thus attracts more and more attentions. Some significant works are list here without detailed reviews. An isotropic piezoelectric plate is not suitable for energy harvesting due to its brittleness. A composite plate manufactured by the metal base plate can solve the problem thank to the toughness of metals. A center mass is necessary for reducing the natural frequency of the harvester in order to achieve the resonance with the environment. In addition, nonlinearities can be employed to broaden the response frequency bandwidth of the harvester.Therefore, it is important to investigate the nonlinear behaviors of a circular piezoelectric plate theoretically and experimentally. It has been found that a no-proof-mass circular isotropic piezoelectric plate with the von Karman geometric nonlinearity produces hardening effect associated with a jumping near resonance. There have been no investigations on nonlinear dynamics of circular composite piezoelectric plate with a proof mass. If jumping can enhance energy harvesting, it is a natural idea that double-jumping, jumping in both sides, does the job better. Internal resonance leads to double-jumping. Our group proposed conceptually an energy harvester with internal resonance. Do softening and hardening nonlinearities coexist in responses of a composit eplate? The objective of the workis to explore the nonlinear behaviors of a proof-mass circular composite plateenergy harvester. To do so, the harvester is modeled analytically and experimentally with the parameters identified from the data. Then the frequency response of the harvester is investigated experimentally, numerically, and analytically. A thin composite piezoelectric plate is clamped between two steel support rings. Two steel ringsare employed to implement a clamped boundary condition. The composite plate is manufactured by a brass plate and two identical piezoelectric plates.Two piezoelectric plates are connected in series. The upper and the lower surfaces of the composite plate are the silver electrodes so that they have the opposite direction of polarization. A proof mass shaped as an inverted cone isset at the center of the composite plate. The harvester is modeled as asingle-degree-of-freedom oscillator with a nonlinear restoring force Newton ’s second law and Kirchhoff's second law yield the governing equations of the harvester. However, there are some parameters need to be determined based on the experimental data. In the following, the electrical parameters are both modeled and identified, while themechanical parameters are identified from experiment. The following 3 slides present the outline of the derivation of the electromechanical coupling relation. The piezoelectric equations lead to the electric displacement. Then the charge on the electrode surface is given via the integration. Express the deflection of the plate as the product of the center displacement and the shape function. The average strains are used in the piezoelectric constitutive equations. The output current is differential of the charge with respect to the time. Some mathematical operations lead to the current equation, actually the electromechanical equation with the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the equivalentcapacitance. Parameter identification begins with the description of the experimental system, presented in the figure. The shaker is driven by a power amplifier and controlled by a closed loop vibration controller. Base acceleration is feedback to the controller by an impedance head . These experiment equipments can provide the harmonic excitation at the specified frequency and amplitude, the up and down frequency sweeps at constant amplitude or the random excitement in the specified frequency range. The accelerations of the base and the proof massare measured by two accelerometers. The displacements of the base and the proofmass are measured by two absolute eddy current sensors. The output voltage ismeasured by a hall voltage sensor. Data is recorded by a data acquisitioninstrument. The electrical parametersare identified based on the linear model under small excitations. Thus the frequencies of responses are the same as those of the excitations. Here is the relation between the amplitudes of the displacement and the output voltage. Based on the experimentwith the excitation frequency, the load resistance, the mass acceleration amplitude, andthe output voltage amplitude, N times of experiments yield the parameters identified via the least square method The table lists the theoretical and the identified plate coefficients as well as the theoretical beam electromechanical coupling coefficient. The beam is with larger area of piezoelectric bimorph and thicker piezoelectric layers than those of the plate. However, the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the beam is much smaller than that of the plate. Thus the circular plate has the much larger electromechanical coupling coefficient than that of a beam in similar sizes. The strong coupling is beneficial to energy harvesting. Damping and stiffness coefficients can be identified from measured accelerations and its integrations filtered by the empirical mode decomposition. The restoring forcecan beknown at every sampling instant though the equation. The displacement and the velocity can be integrated from the acceleration data or measured directly. In order to get the more wide distribution of the points in the phase plane, the band-limited random excitation is used. The velocities and the displacements are integrated based on the measured accelerations. The integration data are filtered by the empirical mode decomposition method in order to remove low frequency interferences. The figure shows the displacement of the center mass. Line 1 represents the original data measuredby the absolute eddy current sensor. Line 2 represents the integral data from the accelerometer sensor with the filter. Line 3 represents the integral data from the accelerometer sensor without the filter. The filtered integration results are consistent withthe measured displacement without any phase deviation. The excitation should be large enough to highlight the geometrical nonlinearity. In this case the displacement exceeds the full scale of the absolute eddy current sensors. The integration and filter method mentioned before are used to obtain the velocities and displacements. The figure shows the restoring force surface. There storing force can be defined by the fifth polynomial with coefficients listed in the table. The figure shows the fitting results of the restoring force. Other parameters identified from theexperimental date are summarized in the table. Both time-domain simulations and harmonic-balance-analysis solutions (1-term and 3-terms) are compared with experiment results. The system exhibits linear behavior in the 0.3 gexcitation case and the dash lines reflects the linear natural frequency (87Hz). The simulations and 1-term and 3-terms harmonic balance solutions agree well at such low excitation. Under the 1.5 g excitation, voltage response demonstrates softening nonlinearity in the experiment, the simulation and the analysis. The amplitude-frequency response curve bends to the left with a slight jump. The resonant frequent is smaller than that of the linear system. Both the softening and the hardening nonlinearities are revealed in the 2 g excitation case. At the left side of the resonance peak, there is a slight jump resulted from the softening. At the right side of the resonance peak, the response curve displays a significant nonlinear behaviorresulted from the hardening. The resonant frequency is also smaller than thelinear one, which is different from the typical Duffing system. Overall, the solution with 3-terms exhibits much better agreement with the time-domain numerical solution than the solution with 1-term only. Now a few comments are given about the working bandwidth of the harvester. The bandwidth is defined by the half power points for linear systems. The definition can be extended to nonlinear systems. The definition can beused for jumping with both softening and hardening. The results show that it improves the performance of bandwidth. Finally, I’ll end thepresentation with a few concluding remarks. The investigation focuses on a circular composite piezoelectric plate energy harvester. The electromechanical model is established analytically. The parameters are identified from the experiment, which verifies the modeling results. The dynamics is examined numerically, analytically and experimentally. Softening nonlinearity is found under small excitation. Both softening and hardening nonlinearities are found under larger excitation.
经过漫长的飞行,温哥华中转,从上海到达了蒙特利尔。入住宾馆已经是晚上。翌日是周末,去会场注册。 第三天一早就是开幕式,简短但很有力学特色,有些体育和杂技表演的视频,请代表回答问题参加抽奖。有个问题是写出滚动圆环的动力学方程。致辞的 IUTAM 主席 Viggo Tvergaard 处理过我投 EJMA 的稿件。然后是开幕式报告,请的是多伦多大学物理系的一位教授讲海洋湍流和气候历史。科学内容基本不懂,只觉得英语讲得特别清晰,但内容太多,超时了。主持人是麦吉尔大学的 Michael Paidoussis 教授,几年前收到过他索要论文抽印本的明信片。 茶歇后听工程系统中非线性动力学小型研讨会的 4 个邀请报告。第一个报告是 Noel C. Perkins 的单分子 DNA 变化的动力学模拟,把力学行为与生物学功能联系起来,很新颖。最后一个报告是分析有剪切变形梁径向和横向振动的非线性耦合,工作很细致。午餐休息后仍在那个组听报告,茶歇前是会场主题是刚体系统动力学,茶歇后是机械和机构系统中的非线性现象。 第四天上午听胡海岩院士的平行大会报告,同时有四个报告。胡老师的报告讲软机械对计算动力学的挑战。在计算动力学中,他领导的团队最主要的贡献是将计算动力学的绝对坐标法与连续介质力学结合,把每步计算中不改变的量分离出来,可以离线计算。这样大大减少了计算量,提高了计算效率。这个思路应用于多种工程和科学问题,结果不仅得到实验验证,还应用于航天工程。后面还有平行大会报告,但专业都不是对口。下午在工程非线性动力学的分会场听报告。晚上《力学学报 ( 英文版 ) 》开编委会,会场就在我住的宾馆。会议由主编主持,编辑部负责会务。 第五天会议以两个平行的固体力学和流体力学获奖者的报告开始。我听的是固体力学的报告。英国格拉斯哥大学 Ray Ogden 教授的报告,应用非线性弹性理论出来生物力学中的软细胞。听得不太懂。然后在工程非线性动力学的分会场听报告。 第六天早上仍听 4 个同时进行的平行报告。第一场苏黎世联邦理工大学 George Haller 的报告,用固体力学分析流体力学中的涡。尽管细节不清楚,但我觉得想法挺巧妙。因为没有听清楚固体的本构,感觉好像是连续介质力学的方法。第二场是哈佛大学锁志刚教授的报告,软力学。深入浅出,通俗易懂。比较强调基本的科学问题,与海岩院士强调工程计算,侧重点不同。然后再去工程非线性动力学分会场。前面 3 个报告由位俄罗斯老院士 Chernousko 主持,无为而治,结果 3 个报告本应该 1 小时结束,但实际多拖了 25 分钟。后半场我主持,研讨会的召集人 Raga 教授提醒我,日程拖得太多。我努力控制时间。第 1 个波兰教授的报告,时间控制尚好,我允许提一个问题,但苏格兰的大教授 Wiercigroch 讨论有点长。第 2 个是麦吉尔大学的一位博士,时间略超,我取消了讨论环节。最后 1 个法国博士,时间规划不错,本来可以充分讨论。但两个问题之后, Raga 教授示意我停止。就这样,我这 1 小时,总共超了 5 分钟。 最后一天开始就是分会场口头报告。先到结构振动与控制分会场。第一个是密西根大学 Inman教授 的博士后代替 Inman 做分会场邀请报告,总结他们课题组的进展,讲得很好。博士后陆泽琦第二个报告,关于非线性隔振系统的随机共振,讲得不错。 第二个时段去工程非线性动力学分会场。第一个报告是位意大利的教授。内容实在一般,是个线性问题,反正我没有看到哪里有非线性。第二个是我的报告,关于圆板能量采集器的非线性振动,工作是与博士生袁天辰合作完成。讲得应该还可以,最后两页看主持人站起来了,讲得线条可能有些粗。有人问问题,回答后也没有超时。报告后,还有同行继续讨论。下午闭幕式。闭幕式报告是材料微结构方面的,完全不懂。 附:报告摘要 Nonlinear oscillation is treated for a piezoelectric vibratory energy harvester. The harvester consists of a circular composite plate with the clamped boundary, a proof mass and two steel rings. The harvesting system is analytically modeled, numerically simulated, and experimentally tested. A lumped parameter model of the harvester is established with its parameters identified from the experimental data. The equivalent capacitance and the electromechanical coupling coefficient are analytically determined. A technique is proposed to identify the electrical parameter. A fifth polynomial is employed to approximate the nonlinear restoring force. The measured response can be approximately described by the nonlinear lumped model. Both the experimental and the numerical results demonstrate that the circular plate harvester has soft characteristics under low excitation and both hard characteristics and soft characteristics under high excitation.The characteristics can be used to broaden the working bandwidth of the harvester and thus to enhance the energy harvesting.
首先记录几个问题: 1. 变量数(物种数)需小于观测次数(时间点数) 2. 时间序列须是等距的,可允许有缺失数据 3. MAR(1) 中的prepare.data 可以自动识别年、月、周、日的时间序列,然而,当所要分析的时间序列不是这四种(如季度数据),则需要手动将prepare.data得到的矩阵中的contin列修改为相同的数值,定义为连续的时间序列。具体见一下的邮件内容(2015.9.12,来自 Lindsay P. Scheef scheef@utexas.edu ): I glanced over your files and I think I see what the problem is. Your time steps are evenly spaced, but the months are not consecutive. The prepare.data function is looking for consecutive months and finding none. It uses the contin column of your sp.mar object to mark consecutive time steps to use in the analysis by assigning those rows the same value. In your sp.mar object, the contin column has no duplicated numbers, indicating no consecutive time steps, and the run.mar function throws out all non-consecutive time steps using that column as an indicator. To fix the problem, you can simply replace the values in the contin column with a single value, which basically tells the run.mar function that all of the time steps in the dataset are actually consecutive. library(MAR1) sp=read.csv(file=nine species.csv,header=T) sp.mar - prepare.data(data=sp,replace.0s=add.ones,log=T) sp.mar$contin-1 ## replaces all values in the contin column with 1 run-run.mar(sp.mar) 4. 当要考虑观测误差是,需进行MARSS分析,MARSS 分析可以通过MARSS 包完成。尽管也可以在MAR1包中完成,但是分析中发现出现问题,无法实现。具体见如下邮件内容( 2015.9.18,来自Mark Scheuerell mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov ): If you want to include obs error in your MAR(1) model, I would suggest you just work with the MARSS package instead. You can download it here: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MARSS/index.html In particular, you'll want to check out Chap 13 in the user's manual (attached), which will walk you through data inputs, model forms fitting, and interpreting the results. 5. MARSS 分析中,矩阵B的特征值出现为复数,因此无法提取得到最大特征值。解决的办法是,通过提取复数中的真实值部分,得到作为特征值,具体方法如下邮件(2015.9.23,来自 Mark Scheuerell (NOAA Federal) mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov ): In this case, the matrix B is likely asymmetric because you are estimating spp interactions. If so, there will be some complex eigenvalues. So, I'm guessing this works fine: eigen(B)$values The problem is that you can't take the max()of a complex number, but you can get the max of the real portions of the eigenvalues max(Re(eigen(B)$values))
2010年写博文开始,也是我开始博士科研过程记录,其中有不少拙文,但也真实地记录了自己攻读博士的心路历程,可永远以留在的我的记忆中,如果能够对后来者以感悟,那就是意外惊喜。攻读博士过程有收获喜悦,便更多是挫折,这些都是自己宝贵财富。博士期间发表了IEEE Trans. on 期刊论文1篇、国内顶级期刊2篇、一级学报1篇、SCI检索3篇、EI期刊论文4篇和中文核心期刊论文5篇,总共发表论文20篇。主持省部级项目1项、厅局级项目2项,主研省部级3项。
In vivo session O18. MRI based perfusion measurements inbone after implantation of biodegradable magnesium rods Witte F, Bobe K, Meier M Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universittsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany Why do we need to know the local perfusion? CR is depending on flow rate in in vitro systems In vivo shear stress : 0.68MPa CR is depending on the local environment Clearance depends on local blood flow It is necessary to know the local perfusion to creat “in vivo like”system Mouse perfusion bone 2.3ml/100g/min Rabbit bone 19.1 ml/100g/min RAT femur 8-51 ml/100g/min Tibia 7-37 ml/100g/min Arteral-spin labeling FAIR(flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery) Magnetic Resonance in miedicine 2006, vol.5 108-115 In vivo measurement of perfusion, diffusion and structural changes Witte European Cells and Materials vol.23, supl.2, 2012 植入鼠骨髓腔 10 天后血液灌注回到原来水平 Perfusion is depending on species, anatomical location, postoperativetime point ASL-FAIR MRI sequences are powerful tool to discover: effect ofoperation method, effect of implantation site, postoperative changes in aspecific anatomical site, on local vasculariztion and tissue perfusion O16. Implant location strongly influencesdegradation and applicability of magnesium alloys for orthopaedic application Reifenrath J, Roessig C, Wolters L, SeitzJM, Helmecke P, Angrisani N Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary University of Hannover, Foundation,Hannover, Germany Bone remodeling process: Intramedullary pinintermedullary nailplate screw system Results cannot be generally transferred between different applicationarea O17. The degradation behavior ofMg-3Zn-0.5Zr alloy inan in vitro and in vivo environment Zhang J, Bi YZ, Chen MF, Huang Y School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University ofTechnology, Tianjin, China Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr, Mg-4Zn-0.5Zr, Mg-5Zn-0.5Zr O19. In vivo study of iron-basedbiodegradable metals using rat model Purnama A, Drolet M-C, Couet J, Mantovani D Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pnemulogie de Québec,Department of Medicine, Laval University, Canada 316L SS\Electroform-Fe\ A-Fe\Fe-35Mn disc 0.5mm in diameter 1,3 months Degradation by the presence of fibrious, neovascularization and indicationof inflammatory cells W4. Coatingtechnologies for corrosion protection of Mg Prof. Shaokang Guan School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou, China Biocomposite coating on fluoride coating by PED and TED inorganic coating for Mg alloystent Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy stent The grain size was greatly refined to 1 micrometer and nano-particlesuniformly distributed in grains by cyclic extrusion compression. Density : 1.780 YS: 185MPa UTS 330MPa poisson ratio 0.31, modulus: 42GPa Metal coverage 3.5mm diameter: 18.62% Axial recoil rate 2% Radial recoil TiO2 coating on Mg alloy stens Inert-good corrosion resitance Semiconductor antithrombogenic poperties Prevent hyperplasia (0=30days), increase endothelioid cell adhension anfgrowth (1-2 months) MgF2+TiO2+Drug, MgF2 treated with Hf with 24 hours Nano TiO2 : hydrothermal treatment to obtain anatase TiO2 coating withthe thickness 0.5-1 micrometer In situ growth of TiO2 on MgF2 , with Hf/NH4F increasing Drug Rapamycin spraying on top of the above inorganic coating Hemolysis ratio for bare Mg alloy, nanosheet, nanoparticle, rapamycin47%, 2,7%, 1%, 0.5% SOP35. Distribution of Fe-based degradablematerials in mice skeletal muscle Paramitha D, Estuningsih S, Noviana D, UlumMF, Hermawan H Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB),Indonesia Cr-coated Fe wire 3.0, 1.0mm SOP36. Degradation of Fe-bioceramiccomposites at two different implantation sites in sheep animal model observedby X-ray radiography Noviana D, Nasution AK, Ulum MF, Hermawan H Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB),Indonesia 5wt%HA/TCP/BCP 5*2*0.5mm SOP37. Monitoring of early biodegradation ofFe-bioceramic composites by B-mode ultrasonography imaging in sheep animalmodel Noviana D, Nasution AK, Ulum MF, Hermawan H Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB),Indonesia 2D-B-mode ultrasonography at day 3, 9 and 14 days of implantation SOP38. In vitro and in vivo charaterizationof a nitrided iron coronary stent Zhang DY, Gao RL, Lin WJ, Qin L, Zhang G,Cao P, Qiu H, Wang GQ, Xia Y RD Lab, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen)Co.,Ltd, China Plasma nitriding technology The compound layer should be removed by polishing Strut : 70+-5micrometer Degradation 4 years SOP39. Metal ion level and polymorphonuclearleukocyte cells number as determination factors for early in vivo rejection ofbiodegradable metals Ulum MF, Paramitha D, Estuningsih S, NovianaD, Hermawan H Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB),Indonesia Measuring the level of Fe ion in the blood PLM cell numbers indicate that the composite were not rejected by thesheep SOP40. In vivo Models for the Evaluation ofDegradable Metallic Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Applications Dias GJ, Walker J Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin,New Zealand SOP41. The role of magnesium and associatedalloying elements in human physiology and biology Qin L Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department ofOrthopaedics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China SOP42. Experimental study on stentimplantation for congenital tracheal stenosis in infants and children Xue BD, Lu ZH, Yuan GY, Xu ZW Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU)School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Cell culture by rabbit tracheal epithelial cell 气管支架 下午 W6. In vivo models for orthopaedic andcardiovascular applications - selection and implementation Dr. George Dias Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Why in vitro and in vivo evaluation? To determine biocompatibility, safety and mechanical stability In vitro testing limitations First stage test for acute toxicity cytocompatibilty Obtain information: cell proliferation, viability differentiation Screening for products qulity potentially harmful contaminants Not able to demonstrate tissue response Cyttotoxicity/compitabilty vary between cell lines and passage number Overestaimate toxicity, limited to acute cytocompatiiblity Difficult to mimic/control dynamic properties cell interactions In vivo models for orthopedic applications Inevitable for biomaterial designed gor prthopethic application Particularly behavior of degradable metals—to access corrosion behaviorand biocompatibility Interlinked-corrosion products having local Rodent---can involve subcutaneous, intermuscular or intramuscular locationsin small animals In vivo testing in soft tissues Critical size bone defect evaluation Desirable attributes of an animal models Standardization Regulation Update Prof. Frank Witte Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universittsmedizin Berlin, Berlin,Germany Timeline of standardregulation in biometals Biometal 2009 FDA March 2012 Biometals 2012, Maratea FDA ASTM Nov 2012 DIN Nov. 4, 2013 Workshop on Biodegradable Metals, Berlin Germany US-FDA requests: Report systemic toxicity of Biometals! i.e., Weight loss of the animal, some signs of the animal organ changes Solutions for a better in vitro – in vivo correlation ISO/TC 150/SC 2/WG 7 Cardiovascular absorbable implants Challenges with current ISO testing Cytotoxicity testing according to ISO 10993-5 72h incubation for extract tests Wxtraction volume based on sample surface or weight Animal test according to ISO 10993-6 Implantation in dynamic environment for X week Which in vivo time period is your in vitro experimental resembling? 基于 GAP in results ,可以反过来想:先在动物体内植入一段时间,取出然后称重变化,再来做体外实验找到对应这个重量变化的对应体外实验时间点 ED min, Mininium Extract dilution, ED cyto, Ed max, maximum Extract dilution Safety factor= ED cyto/Ed max Closing Remarks Prof. Diego Mantovani Lab. for Biomaterials Bioengineering (CRC-I), Dept.Min-Met-Materials Engineering University Hospital Research 晚餐的BBQ,有烤鱼和烤虾吃
(参会的海内外中国人合影留念) 上午: Corrosion Session K2: Mechanicalintegrity of magnesium-based biodegradable alloys under combined action ofstress and corrosive body fluid Singh Raman, RK Departmentof Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering,Monash University (Melbourne), VIC 3800, Australia Whyare Mg alloy suspectible to SCC? (1)Film disruption –rapiddissolution—repassivation (20Hydrogenaccumulation and embrittlement ahead of crack-tip CouldTWINNING accelerate SCC of Mg alloys? SCCsusceptibility indices Notchedspecimens need to be tested for reliable SCC data. Circumferentialnotched tensile testing of Az91D AB 8(2012) Al-freeMg alloys: ZX50, WZ21, WE43 Thecommon mode of SCC crack propagation is transangular Thereis great needs of developing SCC and CF data for Mg alloys for biomedicalapplications O8. Bending strengthand crack propagation in cast Mg10Gd influenced by corrosion Maier P, Mendis CL,Tober G, Briesemeister J, Minciel E, Hort N Universityof Applied Sciences Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany Mg-10Gd Prebendingplates: contour to fit the bone surface, straight plate to curves bone Samples110X20X4mm Span=90mm 1mm/min Bendingincrease strength(stability) Bendingdecreases fracture toughness, so “cold working” should be avoided. O9. Effects of grainsize on the corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy Liu D, Liu L, Liu Y,Song R, Chen M Schoolof Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin300384, China Corrosionscience 52(2010) 589-594 Copperwedge shape mould to reach different grain size Theaddition of Ca-P ceramic can act as grain refiner. Further ECAP will furtherimprove the corrosion resistance. O10. Biodegradationbehaviour of magnesium alloy under flow-induced shear stress Wang J, Shanov V, XuZG, Jang Y, Giri V, Collins B, Sankar J, Huang N, Yun Y EngineeringResearch Center for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials, North Carolina A T State University, NC, USA Computationalanalysis on Flow-induced shear stress Mg-5Zn-0.3Ca,AZ31 Insitu and real-time electrochemical monitoring of the corrosion under FISS O11. Investigation ofcoated magnesium alloys by IR, Raman, X-ray and Mass spectrometry Vano-Herrera K,Zimmermann F, Stekker M, Vogt C LeibnizUniversity Hannover, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Germany Degradationof protective layers polymers on stent Micro-Raman Sensitivity(smallspots for high x-y resolution) Correctionmethods for instrument parameters Matrix-matchedcalibration Methods: Jointmelting of both polymers Dryingof solution Micro-XRFfor degradation products ex vivo 40KV image size 4.7X3.6mm Resolution10 micrometer Micro-PIXEdetect on biodegradation products 2.25MeVprotons Resolution1 micrometer, NdL, coronary artery, 4 weeks Surveyscan Histomorphologicalanalysis? 用 PIXE 分析支架的切片,利用元素谱像,更精确测定支架内的内膜厚度,比 histology 。 还可以测量 Degree of calcification LADand LCx Needlein a haystack Whybackground values are important? Letassume to put 1 g Mg implant in a 1 Kg rat 1g/Kg Letassume the alloy contains 10% of an alloying elements 0.1g/Kg(100ppm) Muchmore realistic 1mg og Mg implant in a kg rat 1mg/kgand o.1mg/kg (100ppb) Analyticalchallenges Valuesessential to determine enrichment processes in organs and tissue afterimplantation of alloys Valuesin biological samples from ppm (ug/g) to sub-pppb (fg/g) levels Severalanalyitical techniguqes ICP-OES,ICP-MAS clean room conditions Complexcleaning routine of vials and tools required (sub-boiled acids, ultra-purewater, special materials for vials) SOP17. Electrochemicaldetection of magnesium ions using magnesium biosensor Natasha S, Malon RSP,Wicaksono DHB, Corcoles EP, Hermawan H Facultyof Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),Malaysia Todevelop a real time 原理: Kinase enzyme Cotton-basedanalytical device SOP18. Effect ofstress on the corrosion behaviour of magnesium wire in m-SBF Zhang S, Li X, Wu H,Zhao C, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang X Schoolof Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China 0.3mmin diameter Surgicalstaple nail in U-shape and after use it becomes B-shape 0MPa—20MPa: 550h—250h SOP19. Nanorod-shapedhydroxyapatite formed on pure magnesium by Micro-arc oxidation and hydrothermaltreatment Han Y, Li B State-keyLab for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China () 源于他们在 Ti 上的工作 SOP20.Inhibitor-loaded chitosan coatings on the microarc oxidized Mg-1Ca alloy Jia ZJ, Li M, Liu Q,Xu XC, Cheng Y, Zheng YF, Xi TF, Wei SC Centerfor Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for AdvancedInterdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, China MAO-Mg-Ca 后甩上壳聚糖 SOP21. In vitrobiocorrosion behavior of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy evaluated by different methods Zhang X, Yuan G, WangZ, Xue Y Schoolof Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, China T4,E, EA 三种处理 SOP22. Corrosionbehaviour of Mg-aCa-bY extrusions in simulated body fluid Yim CD, Woo SK, KimYM, You BS Light Metal Division, Korea Institute of MaterialsScience, South Korea SOP23. AbsorbableMg-ND composite and Zn alloy for surgical implant application Zhou J, Gong H, Yao D MechanicalEngineering and Mechanics Department, Drexel University, USA Highenergy ultrasonication assisted mixing process NanoCeO2+ Mg 复合材料 Zn-1Mg,weight loss rate is low, but implant can lose intergrity in weeks SOP24. Hydroxyapatiteand octacalcium phosphate coating of bioabsorbable Mg-Ca alloys by a novelchemical solution deposition method Hiromoto S, Hanada K,Matsuzaki K BiomaterialsUnit, National Institute HAand OCP coating on Mg-Ca by chemical solution deposition methods at pH value6.1 and 8.9 H2evolution rate 0.01-0.03 mlNaN2/day 下午报告会: in vitro session K3: In vitrostrategies to mimic in vivo events after osseous implantation Luthringer BJC, Wu L,Costantino M, Burmester A, Schiling AF, Feyerabend F, Wilumeit R Departmentfor Structural Research on Macromolecules, Institute of Materials Research,Helmholtz-Centre Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany Whichare the correct environmental parameters, (mechanical, corrosive, cytotoxicity,genotoxicity) Animalexperimental ---Problematic Literatures:Primary OB, MG63, SAOA2 U2OS MC3T3, are all cell types suitable for Mg tests? Areother cell types needed to study Mg degradation? GUT2008; 57:684-694 Osteoblastsas cell model for Mg studies OsmolalityDMEM 0.319 Cellsize of adherent cells 受镁离子影响 Geneexpression qualitative RT-PCR 受镁离子影响 Useprimary cells whenever possible Itmatters in which form the Mg is present Howare Osteoclast influenced? Cellmodel: peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) Numberof OCs seems to be reduced OB/OCco-culture to test Mg RatioOC/OB: 100:1 without RANKL and MCSF Firstresults with Macrophages Establishmentof a suitable model: cell line U937 Co-culturewith OB in the future Thecorrect octeoblast model : primary cells AlsoOCs are influenced may be even better model OB/OCco-culture give different results---See if the degradation is different O12. Influence ofstrontium concentration on in vitro corrosion property and cytocompatiblity ofternary Mg-Zn-Sr alloys Tie D, Guan RG, Cui T,Wu LL, Song LL, Qin HM NortheasternUniversity, Shenyang, China 4 个成分 植入动物 16 周后,全部降解。 4mm/year 是铸态 O13. In vitro studieson Mg-Ge(-Ca, Zn) alloy system newly-developed for potential biomedicalapplications Zheng YF, Zhou WR,Ruan L StateKey Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of MaterialsScience and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, China O14. Corrosion of zincin PBS, Ringer solution, blood plasma and whole blood Trne K, WeissenriederAN, Weissenrieder J MaterialsPhysics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden 2011 年开始,和 ST.Jude Medical 合作 Plasma270micrometer /y; J.Electrochem Soc. 1988, 135:332-339 ElectrochimActa 2009 54:1204-1209 PBSZn2(PO4)2.4H2O RingerZn5(CO3)2… Corrosionresistance 在不同溶液不同 以下为 5 分钟的短报告 O15. Cytotoxicityevaluation of Mg-Sn-Mn alloy on mouse fibroblasts Yang L, Zhen Z, Lai C,Xi TF Centerfor Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for AdvancedInterdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China 蛋白质组学研究,我代讲 SOP25.Degradation and cytocompatibility of magnesium alloys formedical applications –an introduction to methods and observations LiuH InterdisciplinaryMaterials Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering,University of California, Riverside, CA. USA ACL 界面螺钉 体外研究: AZ31 Pure Mg 比 mg-4Y 降解慢, SOP26.Preincubation increases in vitro cell adhesion to magnesium and its alloys FeyerabendF, Mohring A, Wilumeit R Helmholtz-ZentrumGeesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany Directapplication of cells on Mg materials often is not working Whynot try a preincubation step? Woundhealing is time consuming Mg10Gd1Ndextruded Increasein preincubation time increase cell adhesion and reduce the amount of dead cells Canthis be related to the corrosion layer? YES Na7Mg13Nd(PO4)12 SOP27.Assessment of cellular effects in the vicinity of Mg, AZ31 and ZEK100 alloys GrilloCA, Alvarez F, Muller WD, Fernandez Lorenzo de Mele M Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany SOP28. Bioresorbablemetallic interference screws for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction – anevaluation of mechanical and degradation properties Patel T, Iskandar ME,Liu H Interdisciplinary Materials Science and EngineeringProgram, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside,CA. USA SOP29. Effect ofproteins and cells on degradation behaviour of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy Zhang J, Kong N, LiHY, Yuan GY Schoolof Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 用了 FBS=fetal bovine serum, ECGS=endotheialcell growth supplement HUVEC Proteindecrease Mg alloy degradation rate Cellsincrease Mg alloy degradation rate SOP30.Characterization of hydroxyapatite containing micro-arc oxidation coating onZK60 magnesium alloy Lin X, Yang XM, TanLL, Zhang Y, Yang K Instituteof Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China HA 涂层 SOP31. The degradationrate and cytocompatibility of Zn-3Mg alloy Dambatta MS, Mrni NS,Sudin I, Hermawan H Facultyof Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Zn 《 MgStrength ; corrosion resistance ZnMg COMETASSAY it does not cause DNA damage to NHOst 0.75mg/mlis the maximum for Zn-3Mg which is cytocompatible SOP32. In vitrodegradation and biocompatibility of ZK60 magnesium alloy with Sr-containingmicro-arc oxidation coating Lin X, Yang XM, TanLL, Zhang Y, Yang K Instituteof Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China P 、 Sr-P 涂层 SOP33. Anticorrosionand cytocompatibility of biodegradable polylactide/MgO composite coating onAZ31 alloy Tian P, Liu XY Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Shanghai 200050, China SOP34. The interactionof fibroblast cells on the surface of porous iron Daud NM, Hermawan H Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering,University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia BIOMETAL2014 讨论 What, Where, When Isolateplace with attendees occupying the entire hotel Keywords:learning, sharing, discussing, networking, exchanging, meeting Logistic:healthy, safeness, cleanness, affordable cost, all included registeration rate Eco-responsibleand unconventional 2009Berlin 4 companies/2 sponsors 2010-Maratea7 companies/4 sponsors 2011Quebec City 10 companies/6 sponsors 2012-Maratea11 companies/7 sponsors 2013-Umang island, Indonesia, ASIA-PACIFIC edition 5 companies/2 sponsors 选择一: Maratea Advantages:hotel will be ours Safeness,not extreme, accessable 28Aug- 2 Sept 选择二: Malta Inconvenient/advantage Dispersedin hotel, date/new location IntercontinentalHotel St Gillians, 4*, Malta 可以从 Frankfurt 转机 3-8Nov or 10-15 Nov
洪堡学者申请全程记录 终于拿到了签证,只剩下按时赶赴德国了,洪堡学者的申请全过程也算画上了句号,要开始另一段征程了。新的生活开始之前难免会回头看看,做个小结,也为想申请洪堡学者的后来者提供个参考,如果能为后来者有所帮助,那么写这篇博文的目的也就达到了。网上已经有各位前辈的经验贴,这里只是把自己的经历做个流水账,发现整个过程还是蛮有收获的。 一、起因 一开始并没有申请的想法,毕业临近就开始有点迷茫了,博士导师开始不断的鼓励我申请洪堡学者奖学金,每次去他老人家办公室都要说一遍,再想想虽然在号称海外的香港呆了好几年,其实一次国也没出过,慢慢的开始动心了。最后让我作出决定的还是同课题组的师兄,他也是洪堡学者,跟他详细的询问了洪堡学者的各种情况,尤其是听了他关于在德国有滋有味的生活及世界范围内对洪堡学者的认可,还有洪堡奖学金马上要要大幅度涨钱,咱也是俗人,谁不想过舒服的日子,于是下定决心申请,在此对敬爱的导师和师兄表示感谢! 二、机缘 要申请的话第一步就是要找一个在德国的合作教授,即Host,和我的合作教授的认识也蛮有意思的。当时合作教授要来香港访问,想要参观下我们组,而我的博士导师在去澳洲度假了,接待任务义不容辞的落在了我这个当时组内的大师兄头上了。合作教授来了之后我有机会代表课题组对我们组的科研情况跟她做了详细汇报,之后是午餐和参观,我更是全程陪同。慢慢熟悉起来之后终于聊到了关于毕业后的事情,她对做我的Host非常感兴趣,于是商定一起帮我申请洪堡奖学金。在跟她的后续沟通中也是更加感受到了德国人的严谨作风,每封邮件都写的很是详细,没有任何遗漏的地方,很受感染,也帮了我很多忙,再次表示感谢。 三、申请材料准备 需要准备的材料主要有Application_form,CV,Publicationlsit,Three Key publications,Language_certificate,List_of_questions_host,Recommendation letter,Research_Proposal 等。每一项都要根据自己情况认真准备,个人觉得最重要的可能应该是publication,研究计划和推荐信了。Publication当然档次越高越好,挑三篇代表作的时候要挑高水平的,而且和研究计划最相关的比较好。研究计划不用太长,要少于8页,但要条理清晰,突出亮点,我喜欢分好多条。尤其是不要写很长的研究背景,我是简单介绍背景就直入主题了。前前后后大约写了一个月,感谢博士导师的建议和合作教授耐心的为我逐字逐句做的修改。三封推荐信的推荐人很重要,个人认为没必要找一些不认识的所谓大牛写,人家也不了解你,写些什么呢,即使按照你的草稿写了其实也很没有说服力。我是找了对自己的学术情况最了解的人写的,自己的博士导师、副导师和获得过洪堡基金的师兄写的,这样不管写什么,是最有说服力的。材料准备好就可以直接寄过去了,材料收到后洪堡基金会会发给你个邮件(附一),说材料收到了,收齐后会告诉大概的评审时间(附二),然后就等吧,大约等四个多月。后来又来了一封信,问如果洪堡基金批准后有没有兴趣被推荐申请“Bayer Research Fellowship”,仔细看了一下介绍,说“…the fellows will receive additional support from Bayer. The company and its foundation will for example facilitate contacts to people within the corporation, invite fellows to events or foundation alumni meetings, offer advice on career issues and job seeking, provide mentors and arrange factory tours.”貌似如果也能获得这个资助,还会有机会接触德国的工业界,感觉不错,马上回信同意。 四、等待通知 等待期间其实也不用闲着,有一些新发表的文章要及时告知小秘,毕竟多一篇文章就多一点可能性,也可以让人家知道你对洪堡这个事情是很重视的。到了快出结果的时候心情就比较紧张了,毕竟准备了这么久,谁都想有好的结果。三月中旬终于收到了题目为洪堡基金会的惊心动魄的邮件,打开后什么也不看赶紧搜索“Pleased”,一搜就搜到了,知道肯定中了,之后再慢慢看全文(附三)并第一时间转发给了关心此事的老师们、朋友们了。过了大约两周,通知“Bayer Research Fellowship”也获批,看来自己做的研究工业界还是很感兴趣的,真是幸运,然后就可以大宴宾客庆祝了。 五、办理签证 洪堡学者属于学者型签证,一般两周内甚至几天就可以出结果,比较快,而且不要签证费,但是前期的材料准备会比较花时间,包括 1)护照; 2)RK1200;(要求德语填写,不会填的地方我就谷歌翻译的,发现德语与英语好多相似的单词,尤其月份什么的,终于明白为什么马克思老人家能熟练掌握德、法、英、俄四种语言了,可能触类旁通吧,呵呵,个人见解,仅供娱乐。) 3)3张护照照片; 4)户籍;(这个上海使领馆结果没要,不知道为什么。) 5)Offer letter; 6)工作证明; 7)毕业证、学位证及德语翻译; 8)医疗保险;(也是根据前辈的经验找猫哥办的,至今也不知道为什么叫猫哥,总之服务态度很好,把资料发过去很快就寄过来了。) 需要提醒的是如果带家属(配偶、小孩),还需要结婚证、出生证明的双认证,这个比较浪费时间,建议知道消息马上去办,不要等offer letter来了再去办。 好了,全程记录完毕,马上开启新的征程了,顺祝后边的申请者好运!! 附一(材料收到确认信) Dear *** , The Selection Department of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation herewith acknowledges receipt of your application. Ms. *** (email:***, fax: ***)will be in charge of handling your application. Please send all additional documents directly to her attention. During the next 4 to 6 weeks we will inform you on the tentative date of the final decision and if further documents are required. Kindly await our respective correspondence. Due to the large number of applications we receive we would not be in a position to provide information on the completeness of your application or on receipt of references. The list of questions for the host's statement is available at: www.humboldt-foundation.de/pls/web/wt_show.text_page?p_text_id=1794 Yours sincerely, Selection Department Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 附二(材料收齐及评审时间通知) Dear ***, Your applicationdocuments are now complete. A final decision is planned for the SelectionCommittee Meeting in March 2013. Unfortunately, a decision at an earlierdate will not be possible. We will inform you aboutthe committee's decision immediately after the Selection Committee Meeting. Wewish you every success, but must point out that currently only one third of allapplications submitted can be approved. In case your applicationshould be turned down, you were given the option of being informed of thereasons that led to the rejection. You selected the optionstating that you and your host be notified in writing of the reasons in case ofrejection. We will send out a letter to this effect some weeks after theselection decision. Please observe thefollowing information: At any time during theselection process, you may submit any additional letters of acceptance frompublishers if they refer to papers already cited in the list as “submitted forpublication”. For administrativereasons, sponsorship by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation can usually onlybegin two months after the Selection Committee Meeting at the earliest. TheAlexander von Humboldt Foundation will determine the exact starting dateof the research stay upon award of the fellowship. The Alexander vonHumboldt Foundation makes every effort to accommodate the dates you request.Therefore, please keep us informed of any updates to your time schedule, inaccordance with the above-mentioned requirements. Please inform usimmediately of any changes in your contact details so that we are able to reachyou at any time. I am responsible forprocessing your application, so please send any questions and correspondencedirectly to me until the final decision is taken. Sincerely, Alexander vonHumboldt-Stiftung / Foundation - Auswahlabteilung / Selection Department - 附三(评审结果通知) Dear ***, The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Selection Committee has considered yourapplication and we are pleased to inform you that your application has beenapproved. The award letter from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation as well as theguidelines for the fellowship and further important documents will be sent toyou by mail by the “Sponsorship and Network” Department within the next fourweeks. Therefore please inform us immediately about any changes in youraddress. We would like to ask you to be patient and to wait with furtherquestions until you have received the documents. The staff of the Selection Department would like to use this opportunity to saygood bye. Your new contact person in the Sponsorship and NetworkDepartment is Ms. ***. All the very best for a successful research stay in Germany. Yours sincerely, Dr. *** Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/ Foundation Auswahlabteilung / Selection Department
计算机下的生活轨迹 武夷山 (发表于《新华书目报 科技新书目》 2013 年 6 月 20 日) 斯蒂芬 . 沃尔夫拉姆是世界著名的计算机专家。去年,他披露了自己 20 年生活轨迹的计算机记录,包括发出的每一封电子邮件,每天几点钟上床睡觉,每次电话打了多久,等等。 2013 年 1 - 2 月号的《未来学家》杂志发表了记者 Patrick Tucker 为此对他的采访。 他认为,获得及时反馈是很重要的,而计算机记录就可以提供这样的及时反馈。在公布自己的生活轨迹记录后,他回过头来分析了自己有哪些从未打开阅读的电子邮件,感到很窘。他感到,若是四五天、十天不理睬邮件,就会乱到不可收拾的地步,以后再用几个星期也处理不过来。还不如提高效率,及时处理。 由于长期注意测度,他对自己干什么事需要多长时间做到了心里有数。比如,如果应邀去做一场演讲,那么,自己打算讲多久,准备演讲稿需要多久,他都清楚。这样,就没有必要早早动手去起草讲稿,因为即使你动手很早,但演讲日子未到的时候,演讲稿也不会收尾的。动手太早反而效率低。 10 年前,他发表了名著《一种新科学》( A New Kind of Science )。记者在采访中请他谈谈对科学未来的看法。他说,过去 300 年来,精确科学的主导范式是:让我们找到一个数学方程来表现我们所讨论的东西,用方程来预测系统的未来行为。这套思路也用于工程和其他领域。他的目标则是探讨一下在过去科学说不上话的领域,比如行为很复杂的系统,能否仍采用这样的思路。问题是,你能采用的所有各种模型的空间是什么样的?可以考虑用计算机程序来描述这样的空间。比如,对于大自然,我们可以问,自然界是用什么程序来运行的?用什么程序让生命体成长?自然界的流体是怎么流动的?等等。他发现,很简单的程序就可以作为自然界很多事物的相当精准的模型。而如果只有数学,则没有那么多模型可供选用。按照这个思路,可以产生完全不同的另一套工程,可以用简单的模型去创造工程系统。 他说,由于计算的不可划归性,世界的某些部分是不可预测的,我们只能观察其“展开”。关于某些事物的不可预测性,有三个原因。第一点是数据量不够。第二点是计算的不可划归性。第三点是知识量不够。过去很多只能估计的东西,现在成为可以计算的了,如高级相机能够自动对焦,看到笑脸能够立刻自动按下快门,等等。这些原先都属于人类判断,现在可以自动完成。他认为,在人类历史中,真正发生了进步的就是这一桩:更多的技术,更多的自动化。 记者问:你能看到十年后的你吗?他回答说:“这个问题是在求职面试时才问的。我从不问这些问题,因为这是愚蠢的问题。我希望再做几件新的事儿。过去十年,我开发了 Mathematica 计算平台,开发了 Wolfram / Alpha 搜索引擎,今后十年,我希望再做几件事儿。” 今年秋天,沃尔夫拉姆的新作即将问世,书名是 A Future Ever Certain : How the Science ofPrediction Will Change the Way We Work, Live, and Love (前所未有地确定的未来:预测科学将如何改变我们的工作方式、生活方式和情感交流方式)。
咳~咳!早晨还是像往常一样来到实验室,唯一不同的是我带着雨伞,天气不太应景,闷热闷热的, 是该下点雨了。实验室还是那么安静,是指每多其他人,机器嗡嗡作响,冷库依然凉快,不过有时还是挺喜欢去冷库待一小会儿的,大夏天就跟愿意去了。打扫完卫生,烧好喝的水,因为在实验室烧水还有另为的意思,就是烧海水,给那些藻类制造近似无菌的环境。正好今天是鼠尾藻孢子体换水的日子,我把那些零碎的种藻挑了出去,利用虹吸的方法给它们换水,虽然肉眼是看不见孢子体的,它们刚刚被产出来嘛,恩,一个接着一个换着,王老师进来了,是去看巨藻长得怎么样了,这几天老师出差实验室里的一切都是我照看的,巨藻是老师最牵挂的,我每次处理的时候也很小心,不可以出差错。老师检查完之后和我随便聊聊几句,询问我在做什么,“前几天和马师兄采的一些孢子体,今天是换水”,我答道,老师建议我在显微镜下看看,观察下形态,熟悉下发育阶段。恩,很对,仔细去看看。忙了一上午,镜检了孢子体,拍了电子照片,给巨藻重新换了“房间”,午饭时间到啦,啦啦。 午饭后,登了 QQ ,想看看谁在,其实关心的也只有一个人,她不在,应该是去吃饭了吧,她们还得自己做饭,是比较麻烦点儿。听会儿歌曲,浏览下网页,时间就是这样的过去,一上午,不知道做什么了也就这样过去了,以目前的状态想要做出点成果来说不行的,不过也要始于足下呀,慢慢的来吧,我也相信自己能够做好!听一些 DJ 的,可以消除中午这又困又萎的精神,刻录几张光盘给大只寄过去,她那边网速不给力,有电影有美剧,只是不想让她无聊,不想让她没事做就发呆啊。 下午最近一直昏昏沉沉的,尤其是到四点左右,困死,看文章看到发呆看到几乎抓狂几近口吐白沫啊!吗蛋,我起身去冷库待了会,调调气泵的流速,果然里面很凉快。在五点的时候大只出现了,我期待了很久,嘿嘿,她应该是做完实验回来了,最近她在提取 DNA ,进行些 PCR ,对于我们新人来说这些听着陌生,做起来就不难了。大只最近生病了,不过好的也快,今天就好了,果然是骨骼惊奇呀。哎,那天知道你生病了,心理也为你难受了一阵子,可能是累了,也可能是心理压力吧,我知道最近我们之间出了点羁绊,你说过了这几天就好了,我和你说有我在,我们一起面对任何困难,没事的,宝贝! 一天接近尾声,我去打了场畅快的球,这也是所里唯一的运动项目了,不知道最近胖了没有,最好是减点脂肪,哈哈,好了,这是第一篇,希望我坚持下去。 She Will Be Loved
现在用Chrome核心的浏览器,外加印象笔记(剪藏/悦读插件)+send to kindle,十分完美,可以将喜欢的网页新闻和博文提取出来,进行同步,通过分类,建立自己的图书馆。同时通过编辑将自己的想法添加到感兴趣的文章上,对自己也是一个思考的训练,把那些胡思乱想的点子记录在剪藏的文章中,也可以轻松知道自己想法的来源。 今天看了几篇关于如何产生idea的博文,感受到了不断的思考是制胜法宝,虽然有时候觉得自己的想法不太具有可行性,但是在现在这个合作的社会中,很多自己认为的困难在该领域专家那里也许可以很轻松地得到解决。
2012年5月23日, University of Saskatchewan 的教授Lope G.Tabil做客中国农业大学工学院,讲授"Production and Harvesting ofBio-renewableResources"。本人有幸参与,收获颇丰。 Lope教授从"Agriculture"和"Silviculture"讲起,区分了生物质资源的分类。以耕作方式—播种方式—施肥方式—虫草防治— 收获方式 为主线,讲解了作物收获前各工序的基本原理、方式、机械。后以生物质资源(草质资源、木质资源)收获为主,介绍了两种基本利用方式(Haymaking、Haylage)适用的机械及要求。 最后,和Lope教授讨论从生物质资源收获角度改进玉米联合收获机的思路:在加拿大由于气温较低,只在南方有玉米种植区域。其采用的玉米收获机械种类与国内大体一致。为了对玉米果穗以下部分(茎、根)的生物质材料进行充分利用,需要改进收获机械。Lope教授认为,秸秆粉碎比秸秆铺条更能充分利用生物质资源,而粉碎过后的收集过程能够有效减少劳动力投入,是改进的目标之一。而玉米秸秆粉碎长度依据其用途变化:1、若收获后需要秸秆还田,则秸秆的粒度应尽可能低;2、若收获后需要收集秸秆,由于秸秆在生物利用前仍需粉碎,所以秸秆切割长度可以不做特殊要求,应考虑到节能或其他要求。 Lope教授的精彩讲解。
英国一名妇女为慈善募款申请改名,新的名字一共有161个字,有望成为最长的人名。 住在哈特普(Hartlepool)的41岁妇女唐·麦克马纳斯(Dawn McManus),和先生一起成立“红色梦想”(Red Dreams)慈善组织,帮助年轻人从事创意产业工作。 为了鼓励更多人捐款,她以这个慈善组织的名字为她的名( Red )和姓( Dreams ),中间加上慈善组织曾经提供过帮助的人的名字作为中间名(middle names)。 “正式来说人们应该叫我雷德(Red),但是我想可能很多人会不习惯吧!” “我先生可能还是习惯叫我唐,而不是雷德。他应该不会因为我放弃了麦克马纳斯的姓而不高兴。” 这名妇女新的全名是:“ Red Wacky League Antlez Broke the Stereo Neon Tide Bring Back Honesty Coalition Feedback Hand of Aces Keep Going Captain Let's Pretend Lost State of Dance Paper Taxis Lunar Road Up Down Strange All and I Neon Sheep Eve Hornby Faye Bradley AJ Wilde Michael Rice Dion Watts Matthew Appleyard John Ashurst Lauren Swales Zoe Angus Jaspreet Singh Emma Matthews Nicola Brown Leanne Pickering Victoria Davies Rachel Burnside Gil Parker Freya Watson Alisha Watts James Pearson Jacob Sotheran Darley Beth Lowery Jasmine Hewitt Chloe Gibson Molly Farquhar Lewis Murphy Abbie Coulson Nick Davies Harvey Parker Kyran Williamson Michael Anderson Bethany Murray Sophie Hamilton Amy Wilkins Emma Simpson Liam Wales Jacob Bartram Alex Hooks Rebecca Miller Caitlin Miller Sean McCloskey Dominic Parker Abbey Sharpe Elena Larkin Rebecca Simpson Nick Dixon Abbie Farrelly Liam Grieves Casey Smith Liam Downing Ben Wignall Elizabeth Hann Danielle Walker Lauren Glen James Johnson Ben Ervine Kate Burton James Hudson Daniel Mayes Matthew Kitching Josh Bennett Evolution Dreams ”。 令人惊讶的是,主管改变姓名的政府法律部门——“The Legal Deed Poll Service”,竟然同意她登记这个新名字。 他们表示,以前也看过许多疯狂的新名字,但这是目前最长的一个.
本文记录本人体会到的翻译知识和翻译方法,不定期更新。牛人无需看。 xxx is not reported. xxx未被报告。(或:xxx未报告。) It will facilitate xxx 这将有利于(有助于)xxx to the utmost of their ability 尽他们所能 xxx tend to xxx xxx往往xxx (xxx倾向于xxx) xxx is not relevant here. xxx在此无关紧要。 xxx in a nutshell 简明(简述)xxx It is difficult to xxx 难以xxx be helpful in xxx 有助于xxx
1: NetCDF编译过程 cdnetcdf-4.1.3 ./configure --disable-dap --disable-netcdf-4 --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf ( 根据 http://hi.baidu.com/liuxiaogis/blog/item/6f662e38d5a03b3c96ddd81a.html 的说法,加上--disable-dap的原因是缺少一个‘curl’的lib, --disable-netcdf-4是报错中提出的解决办法 ) 但是连这一步都没有通过, ....................... checking whether ifort accepts -g... no checking for Fortran flag to compile .f90 files... unknown configure: error: Fortran could not compile .f90 files configure: error: ./configure failed for libcf 在 --prefix=/usr/local/netcdf之后加上FC=gfortran之后 ./configure --disable-dap --disable-netcdf-4--prefix=/usr/local/netcdfFC=gfortran 编译通过! 2: make 直接输入 make 出现 ....................... make : Nothing to be done for `all-am'. make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples' make : Entering directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' 在/usr/local/netcdf/ 目录下没有出现任何东西!?confused! 3: make check 步骤 键入 make check 出现 ....................... ================== All 7 tests passed ================== make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples/CXX' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples/CXX' make : Entering directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples' make : Nothing to be done for `check-am'. make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3/examples' make : Entering directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' check 居然通过! 4: make install 步骤 键入 sudomake install 最后显示 ........................... make install-data-hook make : Entering directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Congratulations! You have successfully installed netCDF! | | | | You can use script "nc-config" to find out the relevant | | compiler options to build your application. Enter | | | | nc-config --help | | | | for additional information. | | | | CAUTION: | | | | If you have not already run "make check", then we strongly | | recommend you do so. It does not take very long. | | | | Before using netCDF to store important data, test your | | build with "make check". | | | | NetCDF is tested nightly on many platforms at Unidata | | but your platform is probably different in some ways. | | | | If any tests fail, please see the netCDF web site: | | http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/ | | | | NetCDF is developed and maintained at the Unidata Program | | Center. Unidata provides a broad array of data and software | | tools for use in geoscience education and research. | | http://www.unidata.ucar.edu | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' make : Leaving directory `/home/dinghao/netcdf-4.1.3' 说明安装成功! 5: 测试 下面是一个已编好的用来测试NetCDF的小程序simple_xy_wr(由刘情操提供 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b1d9e7b0100zg89.html ,特此鸣谢)或者用/netcdf-4.1.3/example/F90/里面的例子来测试: program simple_xy_wr use netcdf implicit none ! 定义数据文件的名称 character (len = *), parameter :: FILE_NAME = "simple_xy.nc" ! 写一个12*6的二维数据 integer, parameter :: NDIMS = 2 integer, parameter :: NX = 6, NY = 12 ! 当创建netCDF文件的时候,变量和维数都有一个对应的ID integer :: ncid, varid, dimids(NDIMS) integer :: x_dimid, y_dimid integer :: x, y ! 要保存到文件的数据数组 integer, dimension(:,:), allocatable :: data_out ! 为数据数组分配内存 allocate(data_out(NY, NX)) ! 随意往数据数组里写一些数据 do x = 1, NX do y = 1, NY data_out(y, x) = (x - 1) * NY + (y - 1) end do end do ! 创建netCDF文件,返回文件对应的ID,如果存在则覆盖,check子程序用来检验执行是否成功 call check( nf90_create(FILE_NAME, NF90_CLOBBER, ncid) ) ! 定义维数,返回一个对应的ID call check( nf90_def_dim(ncid, "x", NX, x_dimid) ) call check( nf90_def_dim(ncid, "y", NY, y_dimid) ) ! 把上面得到的ID写到一个存放ID的数组里,注意,在fortran中,数组是以列为主存放数据的 dimids = (/ y_dimid, x_dimid /) ! 定义变量,返回一个对应的ID call check( nf90_def_var(ncid, "data", NF90_INT, dimids, varid) ) ! 定义完成,关闭定义模式 call check( nf90_enddef(ncid) ) ! 写入数据 call check( nf90_put_var(ncid, varid, data_out) ) ! 关闭文件 call check( nf90_close(ncid) ) !提示写文件成功 print *, "*** SUCCESS writing example file simple_xy.nc! " contains subroutine check(status) integer, intent ( in) :: status if(status /= nf90_noerr) then print *, trim(nf90_strerror(status)) stop 2 end if end subroutine check end program simple_xy_wr 在主目录下键入 gfortran cel-test.f90 -I/usr/local/netcdf/include -L/usr/local/netcdf/lib -lnetcdff -o test ( cel-test.f90为程序名, test为编译后生成的 ) 编译通过! 然后运行test,键入 ./test 结果无法运行,出现 Attempting netcdf-4 operation on netcdf-3 file STOP 2 再次郁闷! 打开.zshrc, 即打开所用shell的配置文件 gedit .zshrc 在文件后面加上 export NETCDF=/usr/local/ export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NETCDF/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NETCDF/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PATH=$NETCDF/bin:$PATH 重新启动shell,然后再编译,运行test,得到 0 12 24 36 *** SUCCESS writing example file simple_xy.nc! 大功告成! 备注:以下为各个步骤执行命令的解释: $ ./configure The configuration script will set up the Makefiles that will be used to build the NetCDF libraries and utilities. It will also set up the installation directory for the default location of /usr/local. If you would like to install the libraries in another location, use this configure command: $ ./configure --prefix=/your/desired/install/directory) $ make----Make the libraries When the configuration step completes successfully, you can build the libraries using ‘make’. $ make check-----Testing NetCDF on Linux* You can test your NetCDF libraries using ‘make check’. $ make install------Installing NetCDF on Linux* Install NetCDF libraries using ‘make install’. This will install the NetCDF libraries, include files, and utilities in the default location of /usr/local or the location specified in the configuration step with the --prefix= option References: 1:http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=237238do=blogid=547593 2: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b1d9e7b0100zg89.html 3:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/articlelist_1260232315_3_1.html
QQ是个好东西,所以一直在QQ空间记录自己的点点滴滴,回头看的时候,会让你重温很多昔日的快乐的和不快乐的,可是经过了这么久,发现很多自己的东西不能在QQ上记录了,有很多的东西不愿意被那些熟悉的和曾经熟悉的人看见,有些东西可分享,有些是断不能分享的,尤其对于有很多过去的人来说,譬如对于我,我敢在这里承认我那些过去的纠缠复杂的过往,因为没有谁认识我。 我想写,喜欢写,记录自己的生活可以让自己反思和总结,虽然我在一直都只是在总结过去,而很少去反思,但是每次翻看自己的过往,总觉得是美好的,虽然发现我纠结的时光远远多于自己不纠结的时光,但是仍然都是值得回味和回忆的。 老大不小的年纪,站在接近三十岁的边缘,我一直说自己是老年人了,但是我依旧是小孩的心态,我不知道长大的标准是什么,怀旧算不算?终于发现生活很难,上班很难,上学也难,因为都经历过了,所以懂了,很多事、很多事、很多事,什么歌唱的来着“很多鱼,很多鱼。。。。。” 云南转了一圈,三年恍然过去,有时候恍惚间怀疑自己是不是真的去过那里,只是如若是梦,怎么会那么清楚地记住了那些地方那些人,而,事过境迁,我现在在这里,我却怀念曾经呆过的那些地方,我总是觉得过去比现在好,因为,过去了和一般都可以被原谅和理解。。。。。。 曾经讨厌郭敬明,现在也是,因为他说他自己是明亮的忧伤,四十五度看太阳,而我一直都是九十度,要么它的光刺死我,要么我就看清它的轮廓,这就是我,我给自己起名叫路易,因为喜欢《夜访吸血鬼》,事实上我喜欢莱斯特,我是个矛盾体。。。 一如既往喜欢刘招华的过往,每天晚上都要温习一下,做化学的都想但是又不敢想做的,梦。。。。。或者叫一种情愫。。。。 there's plenty of fish in the sea why does your one have to be me? there's plenty of fish in the sea i'm not your one and only your love's not what i call love you want and you want you want and you want your love's not what i call love turn around and think again there was one boy when he kissed me i closed my eyes and gues what i'd seen it was a star
Welcome to ICISE2010! The 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering ( ICISE2010 ) will be held from Dec 3th to 5th, 2010 in Hangzhou, China . ICISE 2010 aims to provide a high-level international forum for researchers and engineers to present and discuss recent advances and new techniques in information processing technology. At ICISE2010 academics and practitioners gather to discuss challenges and achievements from diverse perspectives, in a comfortable and effective single track conference format. The Conference can be found in IEEE Conference list . Please Click Here for more details. The Conference ID is: #17191. Call For Paper Topics include but are not limited to: Intelligent Computing : High-Performance Computing Parallel and Distributed Computing/ Algorithms Mathematics Methods in Information processing Computer Forensic Technology Neural Networks Genetic Algorithms Fuzzy Theory and Models Cloud Computing Evolutionary Computation Machine Learning Neural Networks Expert System Decision Support System Internet Applications : Internet, intranet and extranet security Internet Information Transmission Information Security Technology and Theory Communications Mobile Computing Trusted computing Mobile Computing Systems Sensor Network Ubiquitous Network Network of Things Communication Networks Infrastructure for Next Generation Networks Ubiquitous Computing and Ad-hoc Networks Network and Data Security Methodologies and development for high speed Network Modulation, Coding and Multiple Access Schemes in Communications Application of FPGA and DSP in Communication Devices and Networks Geographic Remote Sensing: (GRS) Multimedia Signal Processing Data Mining Data Engineering Graph Image video processing Meteorological Information Processing Numerical Weather Forecast Geographic Information System (GIS) Soil Hydrology Information Processing Geographic Information System Management Service Sciences: Management Information System (MIS) E-Commerce and E-business Enterprise Informatization Human Resources Management Innovation and Entrepreneurship Supply Chain Management Project and Quality Management Management strategy in e-commerce enterprise Service/Event Management Manufacturing Service Design, Engineering, Operations, and Innovations Logistics Supply Chain Management Material Flow (MF) Science and Technology Knowledge Engineering and Management Web Technologies and Information Management Service Economy and Policy E-Commerce and E-Business E-service Intelligence Financial Innovation Financial Engineering Investment and Financing Risk Management Knowledge Management Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics and Biological computation Biology Medical Information Process Biometric Technology Medical image processing Download Call for Paper ICISE2010 Call for Papers (PDF format) ICISE2010 Call for Papers (MS Word .doc format) Deadlines Paper Submission: Aug. 1,2010 Acceptance Notification: Aug. 20, 2010 Author Registration: Sep.15, 2010 Conference Date : Dec. 3-5, 2010 PUBLICATIONS : All conference papers will be published by IEEE, included in the IEEE eXplore, and then can be indexed by EI Compendex . IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1076H-DVD ISBN: 978-1-4244-7617-6