两位可怜的中国羽球姑娘因为打球不卖力，受到了重罚。但是在奥运会到底多卖力才算卖力？ Lai Jiang妙文再欣赏: 'Shamelessness profiling' could help to dispel uncertainties. At the Olympics, trying how hard is hard enough? That question has dogged （狗狗有个习性，就是散步时不时要撒泡尿。它可没有尿频的毛病；这本来是它为了防止迷路的本能，利用他发达的嗅觉，可以轻易找到家的；可是即使有主人陪伴，此习依旧。‘dog’在此是非常诙谐的用法，形象、生动而风趣）British cyclist Philip Hindes after the 19-year-old （这个英国佬因为第一次始发不好就假摔以便得到重来的机会，这算什么回事？） won the three-lap race against the French with his two teammates on Friday by crashing at the first bend and securing a restart. In the aftermath of that race, Hindes reportedly said that the strategy in the team sprint final was "if we have a bad start, we need to crash to get a restart." However British Cycling suggested the comments were "lost in translation". His statement predictably stirred up conversations on whether a premeditated tactical crash is ethical and should be allowed. The International Olympic Committee declared that it agreed with the International Cycling Union and the result is not in question. “The race took place and I believe we could clearly say that best efforts were made in that competition by the British team.” said IOC spokesman Mark Adams. The resulting debate has been tinged with racial and political undertones, but little science. Unscientific Nature examines whether and how an athlete's subtlety and the limits of human sense of shamecould be used to determine if the "best efforts" have been made. Is intended crash despicable? Yes. It is a direct violation against the Olympic spirit, which is best expressed in the Olympic Creed: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well." Intended crash is by definition not to take part in cycling, not to experience the struggle of trailing behind competitors, and not to fight well by forfeiting a losing battle. Doesn't IOC endorsement rule out the possibility of "not using one's best effort"? No, says Xiaoer Wang, an player in the Chinese men's football team. Athletes are all very excited to compete in the Olympics and always try to perform the best they can. "Everyone plays to their limits at the Olympic games. Hardly anyone has the attitude of merely entertaining oneself,” Wang says. Audience satisfaction is more likely to determine if athletes play up to their potential and the spectators’ expectation, he says, but it is not feasible to survey every audience after each match. Tracking an athlete over time and flagging anomalous shameless behavior would help morality-upholding authorities to make better use of resources, says Zhouzi Yuan, an anti-fraudulent expert living in the Xinhua News Agency employee apartment, who authored several 2012 netblogs proposing that shamelessness profiling be used as an anti-fraudulent tools. “I think it’s a good way and a cheap way to narrow down a large group of athletes to suspicious ones, because after all, the result of any loophole exploiting is unusual lower moral standard,” Yuan says. The ‘moral passport’, which measures characteristics of person's speech and behavior, works in a similar way to shamelessness profiling. After it was introduced in 2011, public intellectuals flagged irregularities in the blog entries of Nuan Nuan, a Chinese racing driver, and targeted analysis turned up evidence of the banned leftist nationalist ideology. How would shamelessness be used to nab those who degrace Olympics? Morality-upholding authorities need a better way of flagging anomalous behavior or patterns of audience response, says Yuan. To do this, sports scientists need to create databases that — sport by sport and event by event — record how the moral standard of athletes degrade with age and experience. Longitudinal records of athletes’ shameless loophole-exploiting would then be fed into statistical models to determine the likelihood that they tried too little in an event, given their past results and the limits of human sense of shame. The Weibo bashing, an everyday sport that combines fishing and name-calling, has dabbled in shamelessness profiling. In a pilot project, scientists at Lanxiang Institute of Technology developed a software program that retroactively analysed the response of 1000 celebrities with the so-called V statue to public events, over four years to identify those most likely to have not tried hard enough to promote the ideal the freedom and democracy. The Chinese Elite Federation now uses the software to target its members for shame testing. Could an athlete then be disciplined simply for exploiting the rules? “That would be unfair,” says Wang. “The final verdict is only ever going to be reached by mood of those in power.” In recent days, badminton authorities have successfully disqualified athletes for depriving the audience of a contest, even when specific condition of “not making best efforts to win a match” is not given. But irregularities in shamelessness is too far removed from not trying hard enough and influenced by too many outside factors such as whether one got a hold of the 150,000 free condoms that the organizer dispensed the night before the game to convict someone of dishonoring the Olympic spirit, Wang says. “When we look at this young cyclist from England who crashes at the first bend of the race and got a restart that his team won, that’s not proof of anything. It asks a question or two.” --
标签: 奥林匹克精神
