Here we will focus on how to add figures, tables, and equations into your document. Here are the complete source file and results in PDF format: Figures To insert a figure in a LaTeX document, you write lines like this: \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics {imagefile1} \caption{Caption for figure} \label{fig_sample} \end{figure} The whole block is enclosed between \begin{figure} and \end{figure}. The command \includegraphics does the actual insertion of the image. Here we insert a file named imagefile1.eps (or imagefile1.pdf when using PdfLaTeX). LaTeX assumes a .eps file extension (and PdfLaTeX assumes .pdf). You don't need to write it. You can also specify the width of the image. Give it as a parameter (enclosed in brackets) to the \includegraphics command. Acceptable measurement units are for example in, mm, and cm. Also the height of the figure is scaled proportionally so the image doesn't get distorted. The \caption command gives a caption for the figure. We have also added the \label which is useful when you want to refer to the equation in your paragraph text (see References ). Additionally, we have used a \centering command to center the figure in the column. If you don't yet know how to create EPS images for LaTeX documents, read the Creating figures tutorial. Subfigures If you want to divide a figure into many smaller parts, use the \subfigure command. First, you have to add this in the beginning of your .tex file: \usepackage{graphicx,subfigure} You probably already have the graphicx package loaded so add only the word subfigure here. Let's add three small figures in place of one normal figure. Use the \subfigure command: \begin{figure} \centering \subfigure { \includegraphics {imagefile2} \label{fig_firstsub} } \ \ \subfigure { \includegraphics {imagefile2} \label{fig_secondsub} } \subfigure { \includegraphics {imagefile2} \label{fig_thirdsub} } \caption{Common figure caption.} \label{fig_subfigures} \end{figure} The result is: Write as many \subfigure commands as you have figures. \subfigure takes an argument (enclosed between ) which specifies the caption for that subfigure. Then put the \includegraphics and \label commands between { and } of the subfigure. Here we use an image file named imagefile2.eps. We have also specified a width for each image using the optional width parameter of the \includegraphics command. Note the \ \ command after the first subfigure. This command creates a line break. In this case, it separates the three subfigures into two rows. Without the \ \ all the three subfigures may end up in just one row. You can try the \ also in other places and see its effect. In the end, we put one more \caption and \label. These are for the whole three-part figure element. Tables A table in LaTeX may look a bit scary bunch of code at first. But you can copy and paste the basic lines that are needed. Then inserting your own text into the table is a piece of cake. Here we go: \begin{table} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \caption{Simple table} \label{table_example} \centering \begin{tabular}{c|c} \hline Heading One Heading Two\ \ \hline \hline Three Four\ \ \hline Five Six\ \ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} The result will look like this: Hence it's a table with two columns and two rows. Here is how you organize the text in a table: Horizontal lines are separated by \ in the end of line. That is, \ begins a new row. Then write \hline to insert a horizontal line (one or more). Write an where you want a vertical line. The number of columns is specified like this: Here we used a line like \begin{tabular}{c|c}. The | represents a vertical line and c makes the text of a column centered. Thus, c|c creates two columns with centered text. Text can also be left and right aligned if you use l or r instead of c. More columns can be added by using many | symbols. For example, this produces four columns: l|c|c|c . Now the leftmost column is left-aligned and the others are centered. You may wonder about the strange line \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}. This is needed for adjusting the white space around text in the table cells. The value 1.3 produces quite a pleasing look. Double column figures and tables If you are writing a two column document and you would like to insert a wide figure or table that spans the whole page width, use the starred versions of the figure and table constructs. Like this: \begin{figure*}...\end{figure*} or \begin{table*}...\end{table*}. Write the contents in the usual way. You can use also subfigures inside figure*. Note that double column figures and tables have some limitations. They can't be placed at the bottom of pages. Additionally, they will not appear on the same page where they are defined. So you have to define them prior to the page on which they should appear. Equations Short mathematical expressions can be inserted within paragraph text by putting the math between $ and $. For example: ... angle frequency $\omega = 2\pi f$ ... This is called an inline equation. The result is: . In equations the normal text symbols are written as such, for example 2 and f. Greek symbols are named for example \alpha, \beta and so on. You don't need to remember these because in WinEdt (and TeXnicCenter) you can use the symbol toolbar which has buttons for all the Greek letters and other math symbols. Numbered equations are separate from paragraph text and they are automatically numbered. The contents of the equation are written using the same ideas as inline equations but now we write \begin{equation} and \end{equation} instead of $s. \begin{equation} \label{capacitor_impedance} X_{C} = \frac{ 1 }{ \omega C } \end{equation} The result is: Here we learn another structure which is often used in equations: the \frac command inserts a fraction whose numerator and denominator are enclosed in braces. http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a582a1f0100cyiw.html
http://www.cryst.ehu.es/cgi-bin/cryst/programs/nph-wp-list 下面是从其他网站转的，读过后，对wyckoff position 可以有大致的了解了。 Space Groups The International Tables for Crystallography From examination of a space group in “The International Tables for Crystallography” Vol. A, you should be able to ascertain the following information: · Herman-Mauguin (HM) Symbol (Long, Short) · Point Group (HM, Schoenflies) · Locate and identify symmetry elements · Understand Wyckoff site multiplicity and symmetry · Distinguish general and special positions · Extinction conditions · Identify possible subgroups and supergroups Understanding the Herman-Mauguin Space Group Symbol Space groups are typically identified by their short Herman-Mauguin symbol (i.e. Pnma, I4/mmm, etc.). The symmetry elements contained in the short symbol are the minimum number needed to generate all of the remaining symmetry elements. This symbolism is very efficient, condensed form of noting all of the symmetry present in a given space group. We won’t go into all of the details of the space group symbol, but I will expect you to be able to determine the Crystal system, Bravais Lattice and Point group from the short H-M symbol. You should also be able to determine the presence and orientation of certain symmetry elements from the short H-M symbol and vice versa. The HM space group symbol can be derived from the symmetry elements present using the following logic. The first letter identifies the centering of the lattice, I will hereafter refer to this as the lattice descriptor : · P Primitive · I Body centered · F Face centered · C C-centered · B B-centered · A A-centered The next three symbols denote symmetry elements present in certain directions, those directions are as follows: Crystal System Symmetry Direction Primary Secondary Tertiary Triclinic None Monoclinic Orthorhombic Tetragonal / Hexagonal/ Trigonal / / Cubic / / – Axis parallel or plane perpendicular to the x-axis. – Axis parallel or plane perpendicular to the y-axis. – Axis parallel or plane perpendicular to the z-axis. – Axis parallel or plane perpendicular to the line running at 45° to the x and y axes. – Axis parallel or plane perpendicular to the long face diagonal of the ab face of a hexagonal cell. – Axis parallel or plane perpendicular to the body diagonal. For a better understanding see specific examples from class notes. However, with no knowledge of the symmetry diagram we can identify the crystal system from the space group symbol. · Cubic – The secondary symmetry symbol will always be either 3 or –3 (i.e. Ia3, Pm3m, Fd3m) · Tetragonal – The primary symmetry symbol will always be either 4, (-4), 4 1 , 4 2 or 4 3 (i.e. P4 1 2 1 2, I4/m, P4/mcc) · Hexagonal – The primary symmetry symbol will always be a 6, (-6), 6 1 , 6 2 , 6 3 , 6 4 or 6 5 (i.e. P6mm, P6 3 /mcm) · Trigonal – The primary symmetry symbol will always be a 3, (-3) 3 1 or 3 2 (i.e P31m, R3, R3c, P312) · Orthorhombic – All three symbols following the lattice descriptor will be either mirror planes, glide planes, 2-fold rotation or screw axes (i.e. Pnma, Cmc2 1 , Pnc2) · Monoclinic – The lattice descriptor will be followed by either a single mirror plane, glide plane, 2-fold rotation or screw axis or an axis/plane symbol (i.e. Cc, P2, P2 1 /n) · Triclinic – The lattice descriptor will be followed by either a 1 or a (-1). The point group can be determined from the short H-M symbol by converting glide planes to mirror planes and screw axes to rotation axes. For example: Space Group = Pnma Point Group = mmm Space Group = I`4c2 Point Group =`4m2 Space Group = P4 2 /n Point Group = 4/m Wyckoff Sites One of the most useful pieces of information contained in the International Tables are the Wyckoff positions. The Wyckoff positions tell us where the atoms in a crystal can be found. To understand how they work consider the monoclinic space group Pm. This space group has only two symmetry elements, both mirror planes perpendicular to the b-axis. One at y = 0 and one at y = ½ (halfway up the unit cell in the b direction). Now let’s place an atom in the unit cell at an arbitrary position, x,y,z. If we now carry out the symmetry operation associated with this space group a second atom will be generated by the mirror plane at x,-y,z. However, if we were to place the atom on one of the mirror planes (its y coordinate would have to be either 0 or ½) then the reflection operation would not create a second atom. All of the information in the proceeding paragraph is contained in Wyckoff positions section of the International Tables. Pm has three Wyckoff sites as shown in the table below: Multiplicity Wyckoff Letter Site Symmetry Coordinates 2 c 1 (1) x,y,z (2) x,-y,z 1 b m x,½,z 1 a m x,0,z The multiplicity tells us how many atoms are generated by symmetry if we place a single atom at that position. In this case for every atom we insert at an arbitrary position (x,y,z) in the unit cell a second atom will be generated by the mirror plane at x,-y,z. This corresponds to the uppermost Wyckoff position 2c. The letter is simply a label and has no physical meaning. They are assigned alphabetically from the bottom up. The symmetry tells us what symmetry elements the atom resides upon. The uppermost Wyckoff position, corresponding to an atom at an arbitrary position never resides upon any symmetry elements. This Wyckoff position is called the general position. The coordinates column tells us the coordinates of all of the symmetry related atoms (two in this case). All of the remaining Wyckoff positions are called special positions. They correspond to atoms which lie upon one of more symmetry elements, because of this they always have a smaller multiplicity than the general position. Furthermore, one or more of their fractional coordinates must be fixed. In this case the y value must be either 0 or ½ or the atom would no longer lie on the mirror plane. Generating a Crystal Structure from its Crystallographic Description Using the space group information contained in the International Tables we can do many things. One powerful use is to generate an entire crystal structure from a brief description. Consider the following description of the crystal structure of Sr 2 AlTaO 6 . Space Group = Fm`3m a = 7.80 Atomic Positions Atom X Y Z Sr 0.25 0.25 0.25 Al 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ta 0.5 0.5 0.5 O 0.24 0.0 0.0 From the space group tables we see that the atoms are located on the following Wyckoff sites Sr 8c Al 4a Ta 4b O 24e The number associated with the Wyckoff sites tells us how many atoms of that type there are in the unit cell. In this So there are 40 atoms in the unit cell, with stoichiometry Sr 8 Al 4 Ta 4 O 24 which reduces to the empirical formula Sr 2 AlTaO 6 . Since the number of atoms in the unit cell is four times the number of atoms in the formula unit, we say that Z = 4. Using the face centering generators (0,0,0), (½,½,0), (½,0,½), (0,½,½) together with the coordinates of each Wyckoff site we can generate the fractional coordinates of all atoms in the unit cell: Sr 1:(0.25,0.25,0.25), 2:(0.75,0.75,0.25), 3:(0.75,0.25,0.75), 4:(0.25,0.75,0.75) 5:(0.25,0.25,0.75), 6:(0.75,0.75,0.75), 7:(0.75,0.25,0.25), 8:(0.25,0.75,0.25) Al 1:(0.0,0.0,0.0), 2:(0.5,0.5,0.0), 3:(0.5,0.0,0.5), 4:(0.0,0.5,0.5) Ta 1:(0.5,0.5,0.5), 2:(0.0,0.0,0.5), 3:(0.0,0.5,0.0), 4:(0.5,0.0,0.0) O 1:(0.24,0.0,0.0), 2:(0.74,0.5,0.0), 3:(0.74,0.0,0.5), 4:(0.24,0.5,0.5) 5:(0.76,0.0,0.0), 6:(0.26,0.5,0.0), 7:(0.26,0.0,0.5), 8:(0.76,0.5,0.5) 9:(0.0,0.24,0.0), 10:(0.5,0.74,0.0), 11:(0.5,0.24,0.5), 12:(0.0,0.74,0.5) 13:(0.0,0.76,0.0), 14:(0.5,0.26,0.0), 15:(0.5,0.76,0.5), 16:(0.0,0.26,0.5) 17:(0.0,0.0,0.24), 18:(0.5,0.5,0.24), 19:(0.5,0.0,0.74), 20:(0.0,0.5,0.74) 21:(0.0,0.0,0.76), 22:(0.5,0.5,0.76), 23:(0.5,0.0,0.26), 24:(0.0,0.5,0.26) From these fractional coordinates you can sketch out the structure of Sr 2 AlTaO 6 . With some luck I will provide a link to a picture of the structure here, at some point in the future. We can also work out bond distances from this information. The first Al ion is octahedrally coordinated by six oxygens (1,5,9,13,17,21) and the Al-O distance is : d = 7.80 1/2 = 1.87 while the first Ta ion is also surrounded by 6 oxygens (4,8,11,15,18,22) at a distance of d = 7.80 1/2 = 2.03 and Sr is surrounded by 12 oxygens (1,4,6,7,9,11,14,16,17,18,23,24) at a distance of d = 7.80 1/2 = 2.76 Determining a Crystal Structure from Symmetry Composition Another use is that given the stoichiometry, space group and unit cell size (which can typically be determined from diffraction techniques) and the density of a compound we can often deduce the crystal structure of relatively simple compounds. As an example consider the following information: Stoichiometry = SrTiO 3 Space Group = Pm3m a = 3.90 Density = 5.1 g/cm 3 To derive the crystal structure from this information the first step is to calculate the number of formula units per unit cell : Formula Weight SrTiO 3 = 87.62 + 47.87 + 3(16.00) = 183.49 g/mol Unit Cell Volume = (3.9010 -8 cm) 3 = 5.9310 -23 cm 3 (5.1 g/cm 3 )(5.9310 -23 cm 3 )(mol/183.49 g)(6.02210 23 /mol) = 0.99 Thus there is one formula unit per unit cell (Z=1), and the number of atoms per unit cell is : 1 Sr, 1 Ti and 3 O. Next we compare the number of atoms in the unit cell with the multiplicities of the Wyckoff sites. · From the multiplicities of the special positions in space group Pm3m we see that Sr must occupy either the 1a or 1b positions (otherwise there would be more than one Sr in the unit cell) · By the same reasoning Ti must also reside in either the 1a or 1b position, and, since there are no free positional parameters (x,y or z) in either 1a or 1b, the two ions cannot occupy the same site. · To maintain 3 oxygen ions in the unit cell it must reside at either site 3c or 3d. If we arbitrarily put Ti at the origin (1a), then by default Sr must go to 1b. To evaluate the prospects of putting O at either 3c or 3d we calculate the Ti-O bond distances: D (O @ 3c) = 3.90 1/2 = 2.76 D (O @ 3d) = 3.90 1/2 = 1.95 Of these two the latter (3d) is obviously more appropriate for a Ti-O bond (consult tables of ionic radii to convince yourself of this statement). Thus we obtain the structure of SrTiO 3 to be Space Group = Pm3m a = 3.90 Atomic Positions Atom Site X Y Z Sr 1b 0.5 0.5 0.5 Ti 1a 0.0 0.0 0.0 O 3d 0.5 0.0 0.0
感叹 童第周 没有触及 唾手可得的诺贝尔生理学及医学奖 http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/forum.php/forum.php?mod=redirecttid=539963goto=lastpost “克隆先驱”童第周 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2012/7/267258.shtm 构筑生命发育的摇篮 探究生命发生的玄机 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-74364-208377.html 有关文献 Tong D.Z, Wu S.Q, Ye Y.F, Yang S.Y, Du M, Lu D.Y. Nuclear transfer in fishes. Sci. Bull. 1963 ;7:60–61.
熊荣川 六盘水师范学院生物信息学实验室 xiongrongchuan@126.com http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Bearjazz 对表格排序往往是许多数据分析过程必不可少的组成部分，我们习惯了在 excel 中完成这样的操作。其实 R 语言也可以对表格数据进行简单的排序，掌握这些有用的函数，在使用 R 语言进行数据分析时就不用在 excel 和 R 平台之间来回的倒数据了。 以下是在 R 平台上的代码输入进运算结果。范例 order.csv 请见博文的附件，注意设置工作目录（你存放 order.csv 的位置） rm(list=ls()) # 清空向量 setwd(D:/ziliao/zhuanye/R bear/lab03)# 设置工作目录 y=read.csv(order.csv) y X V1 V2 X.1 V5 V6 1 1 0.153979 3213.282 1000.000000 1000.000000 0.153979 2 2 0.163979 3215.253 0.010000 NA NA 3 3 0.173979 3218.715 0.010000 NA NA 4 4 0.183979 3219.471 0.010000 NA NA 5 5 0.193979 3238.251 0.010000 NA NA 6 6 0.203979 3269.727 0.010000 NA NA 7 7 0.213979 3270.134 0.010000 NA NA 8 8 0.223979 3279.202 0.010000 NA NA 9 9 0.233979 3260.387 0.010000 NA NA 10 10 0.828344 3266.762 0.594365 0.594365 0.828344 11 11 0.838344 3244.964 0.010000 NA NA 12 12 0.848344 3247.315 0.010000 NA NA 13 13 0.858344 3258.594 0.010000 NA NA 14 14 0.868344 3266.271 0.010000 NA NA 15 15 0.878344 3278.918 0.010000 NA NA 16 16 0.888344 3273.031 0.010000 NA NA 17 17 0.898344 3281.390 0.010000 NA NA 18 18 0.908344 3290.748 0.010000 NA NA 19 19 0.918344 3269.900 0.010000 NA NA 20 20 1.586302 3259.754 0.667958 0.667958 1.586302 x = y x 3213.282 3215.253 3218.715 3219.471 3238.251 3269.727 3270.134 3279.202 3260.387 3266.762 3244.964 3247.315 3258.594 3266.271 3278.918 3273.031 3281.390 3290.748 3269.900 3259.754 x = sort(x) # 对数组 x 进行排序 # x 3213.282 3215.253 3218.715 3219.471 3238.251 3244.964 3247.315 3258.594 3259.754 3260.387 3266.271 3266.762 3269.727 3269.900 3270.134 3273.031 3278.918 3279.202 3281.390 3290.748 y ),] # 以第三列为依据排序，其它列相应变动 # X V1 V2 X.1 V5 V6 1 1 0.153979 3213.282 1000.000000 1000.000000 0.153979 2 2 0.163979 3215.253 0.010000 NA NA 3 3 0.173979 3218.715 0.010000 NA NA 4 4 0.183979 3219.471 0.010000 NA NA 5 5 0.193979 3238.251 0.010000 NA NA 11 11 0.838344 3244.964 0.010000 NA NA 12 12 0.848344 3247.315 0.010000 NA NA 13 13 0.858344 3258.594 0.010000 NA NA 20 20 1.586302 3259.754 0.667958 0.667958 1.586302 9 9 0.233979 3260.387 0.010000 NA NA 14 14 0.868344 3266.271 0.010000 NA NA 10 10 0.828344 3266.762 0.594365 0.594365 0.828344 6 6 0.203979 3269.727 0.010000 NA NA 19 19 0.918344 3269.900 0.010000 NA NA 7 7 0.213979 3270.134 0.010000 NA NA 16 16 0.888344 3273.031 0.010000 NA NA 15 15 0.878344 3278.918 0.010000 NA NA 8 8 0.223979 3279.202 0.010000 NA NA 17 17 0.898344 3281.390 0.010000 NA NA 18 18 0.908344 3290.748 0.010000 NA NA 如果对含有“ NA ”数组进行排序，排序完之后数组中就没有“ NA ”值了，你可以试试看。 就这么简单，祝您科研愉快！ 附件： order.csv 另外，如果对字符向量进行排序，使用sort()函数。
凯尔西气质类型调查问卷 ---选自2011年版《请理解我》 从A和B中选择一个回答问题，并将答案填入问卷后的专有表格当中。之后，再按照所提供的计分规则进行统计。本问卷上的所有答案都无对错之分，因为无论你选择哪一项，地球上总有一半的人会赞同你的选择。 1.电话铃声想起时，你会 A. 第一时间跑过去接电话 B. 希望其他人去接电话 2. 以下哪项描述更贴近你 A. 观察力敏锐却常常忽视自省 B. 时常自省却不够敏锐 3. 在你看来，以下哪种情况更糟糕 A. 过于关注想法和观念而忽略了事实 B. 墨守陈规 4. 和人相处时，你通常会 A. 坚决而有余而随和不足 B. 随和有余而坚决不足 5. 以下何种行为会让你感到更舒适 A. 做出关键切必不可少的判断 B. 做出有价值的判断 6. 面对工作场所中的喧闹和混乱，你会 A. 花时间平息喧闹，结束混乱局面 B. 泰然处之 7. 以下哪种情况更符合你的做事方式 A. 迅速做出决定 B. 审时度势，斟酌良久而后决定 8. 当你在排队时，你常常会 A. 与他人交谈 B. 思考事情 9. 以下哪项描述更贴近你 A. 感知能力强于构思能力 B. 构思能力强于感知能力 10. 你对什么更感兴趣 A. 实际存在的真实事物 B. 可能发生或存在的潜在事物 11. 你可能会依赖什么来做决定 A. 数据、资料 B. 愿望、要求 12. 评价他人时，你会倾向于表现得 A. 客观，不带个人感情色彩 B. 友好，有人情味 13. 你更倾向于以何种方式签订合同 A. 签字、盖章、发送 B. 握手达成契约 14. 以下哪种情况更让你感到满足 A. 已完成的工作成果 B. 不断取得进展的工作过程 15. 在宴会上，你会 A. 与多人进行交流，包括陌生人 B. 只和一些朋友谈话，交流 16. 你更倾向于 A. 实干重于探讨 B. 探讨重于实干 17. 你更喜欢哪一类型的作家 A. 语言直白，直述主题 B. 运用隐喻和象征等修辞方法 18. 以下哪项更吸引你 A. 连贯一致的思想 B. 和谐融洽的关系 19. 如果你一定要让某人失望，你会 A. 表现得很坦率，直言不讳 B. 表现得很友善，照顾感受 20. 在工作当中，你希望自己的各项工作 A. 按部就班 B. 没有计划限定 21. 你通常更喜欢 A. 不能变更的总结陈词 B. 试探性的开篇致辞 22. 与陌生人交流会让你 A. 精力充沛、充满活力 B. 显得更加保守、内敛 23. 你认为事实 A. 能够说明一切 B. 能够阐明各项原则原理 24. 你觉得空想家和理论家 A. 有些讨厌，惹人烦 B. 充满魅力，相当迷人 25. 在一场激烈的讨论当中，你会 A. 坚持己见 B. 寻找大家的共同之处 26. 你更倾向于 A. 公正 B. 宽容 27. 在工作当中，以下哪种做法更让你感动自然 A. 指出错误 B. 保持激励 28. 哪种时刻会让你感到更舒适 A. 做出决定后 B. 做出决定前 29. 你倾向于 A. 坦率地说出心中的想法 B. 时刻聆听他人述说 30. 你认为常识 A. 通常都是可靠的 B. 往往值得怀疑 31. 你认为孩子们通常都不会 A. 做十分有用的事情 B. 充分地利用自己的想象力 32. 当你身为领导者管理他人时，你会倾向于表现得 A. 严格 B. 宽容而随和 33. 你通常都会表现得 A. 冷静，沉着 B. 热诚，善良 34. 你更倾向于 A. 紧扣一点，使其成为定论 B. 探索各种可能性和潜质 35. 在绝大多数情况下，你会表现得 A. 从容谨慎，不会听从自发的冲动 B. 自然坦率，而不会思前想后，权衡再三 36. 你认为自己是一个 A.外向开朗的人 B.内向缄默的人 37. 你通常都会表现为一个 A. 讲求实际的人 B. 沉湎于幻想的人 38. 你说话时 A. 注重细节和详情多于注重普遍性和一般性 B. 重视普遍性和一般性多过重视细节和详情 39. 在你看来，以下哪句话更像是一句恭维和褒赞的话 A. 此人善于逻辑推理，思维严谨 B. 此人感情丰富，多愁善感 40. 你更容易受到哪一项的支配 A.你的思想 B.你的情感 41. 当一项工作完成之时，你愿意 A. 进一步完成与之相关的所有细节工作 B. 转向其他工作 42. 工作时，你更喜欢 A. 有最后时限 B. 没有期限 43. 你是哪种人 A. 健谈的人 B. 善于聆听的人 44. 你更倾向于接受 A. 直白，表意明确的话语 B. 隐晦，富有寓意的话语 45. 通常，你会对什么样的事物更加留心 A. 正好出现在眼前的事物 B. 想象当中出现的事物 46. 成为哪种人更糟糕 A. 软弱没骨气的人 B. 固执倔强的人 47. 在令人难堪的情况下，你有时候会显得 A. 过于无动于衷 B. 过于同情怜悯 48. 你在做选择时，通常会 A. 小心翼翼 B. 有些冲动 49. 你倾向于表现得 A. 紧张迅速而非悠闲懒散 B. 从容不迫而非匆忙不迭 50. 工作中，你倾向于 A. 好交际，能够与同事愉快地相处 B. 为自己保留更多的私人空间 51. 你更愿意信赖 A. 你的经验 B. 你的观念 52. 对待某件事情时，你更倾向于 A. 实事求是 B. 有些偏离实际情况 53. 你认为自己是一个 A. 意志坚定、不屈不挠的人 B. 软心肠、心地善良的人 54. 你更看重自己的哪种品质 A. 正确理性 B. 忠诚努力 55. 你通常都希望事情 A. 已经安排妥当，做出决策 B. 处于暂定的状态 56. 你会认为自己更 A. 严肃而坚定 B. 随和 57. 你认为自己是一个 A. 善于谈话的人 B. 善于聆听的人 58. 你很珍视自己的何种能力 A. 能够牢牢地把握现实 B. 拥有丰富的想象力 59. 你更关注 A. 基本事实 B. 潜在含义 60. 以下哪种错误似乎更严重 A. 同情心过于丰富 B. 过于冷漠 61. 你更容易受到什么的影响而动摇自己的观点 A. 令人信服的证据 B. 感人泪下的恳求 62. 什么情况会让你的感觉更好 A. 一件事情或工作即将完成 B. 保留更多的选择 63. 通常，你更愿意 A. 确定事情都已经安排妥当 B. 放任事情顺其自然 64. 你更倾向于 A. 易于接近 B. 略有些腼腆 65. 你更喜欢什么样的故事 A. 刺激的冒险故事 B. 充满幻想的英雄故事 66. 对你而言，以下哪件事更容易 A. 使他人各尽其用 B. 认同他人 67. 你更希望自己拥有 A. 意志的力量 B. 情感的力量 68. 你认为自己基本上是 A. 禁得住批评和侮辱 B. 禁不住批评和侮辱 69. 你常常更容易注意到 A. 混乱 B. 改变的机遇 70. 你更喜欢 A. 让一切都有惯例或规则可循，讨厌反复无常 B. 不喜欢惯例或常规 答卷 将自己的选择按题号分别在下表中的a 栏和b栏打对号。 计分方法：将每列的a、b个数统计在题号下面的1-8空内，将3-8空内的数按空格号分别加和，例如，将空格3内的两个数加和记录在最下面的空格3内，得到空格3的结果。 看看你是什么类型？ 详解见下页 来源：http://baike.baidu.com/view/172252.htm MBTI：迈尔斯布里格斯类型指标(MBTI)表征人的性格，是由美国的凯恩琳·布里格斯和她的女儿伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯制定的。该指标以瑞士心理学家荣格划分的8种类型为基础，加以扩展，形成四个维度，这四个维度就是四把标尺，每个人的性格都会落在标尺的某个点上，这个点靠近那个端点，就意味着这个人就有哪方面的偏好。 类型指标介绍 美国的凯恩琳·布里格斯和她的女儿伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯研制了迈尔斯－布里格斯类型指标(MBTI)。这个指标以瑞士心理学家荣格划分的8种类型为基础，加以扩展，形成四个维度，即 ① 外倾(E)－内倾(I) ② 感觉(S)－直觉(N) ③ 思维(T)－情感(F) ④ 判断(J)－知觉(P) 四个维度如同四把标尺，每个人的性格都会落在标尺的某个点上，这个点靠近那个端点，就意味着个体就有哪方面的偏好。如在第一维度上，个体的性格靠近外倾这一端，就偏外倾，而且越接近端点，偏好越强。
latex如何使得表格不同列的字体大小不一样 ble, font of column 首先需要在preamble中使用\usepackage{array}宏包，然后在\begin{tabular}环境后定义不同列的字体。需要注意的是，此时需要在表格每个单元格内容对齐位置之前，使用{decl}来定义每个单元格不同的字体大小。示例如下： %%%%%%%%%%%how to change the font size of a table column?%%%%% My living address in Canada is given in Table~\ref{address}. \begin{table} \centering \caption{This is my living address in Canada} \label{address} \begin{tabular}{|{\small}c|{\Huge}c|} \hline Barclay Street Hamilton \\ \hline Ontario Canada \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table}
文/文双春 什么是“科研业绩”？什么是“科研成果”？它们之间有什么区别和联系？近日跟一位根正苗红的工农兵大学生出身的老兄和一位美帝国主义培养的“牛龟”（大牛海龟）“铿锵三人行”。年关将至，东拉西扯，自然扯到年终三件事：交债、算帐、分赃。三件事注定要填一堆表格。“牛龟”比较天真、认真、较真，对填表一事感觉很不爽，抱怨回国后填表的时间和频率比起写论文来要多得多，年年岁岁，年头年中年尾，填表已经成了科研人员年年干月月干天天干的事情，而科研则不然；特别是，很多表格都似迷魂阵，让人摸不着头脑，如很多表格中的“科研业绩”和“科研成果”，到底是咋回事呀？填表就能填出“科研业绩”和“科研成果”？ 龟兄请淡定！汝等海龟海外归来，无论是精忠报国，弃暗投明还是入乡随俗，都应首先要明确立场，其次要调整心态。凡事没有对错和好坏，皆因立场和心态之不同。汝等海龟长年受资本主义腐朽没落的价值观、人生观、世界观的洗涤，海归后又企图用腐朽没落的资本主义那一套来侵蚀甚至占领我先进的社会主义科研阵地，势必损人不利己。 工农兵老兄毕竟根正苗红，进一步给“牛龟”上了一课。就填表而言，不仅是必要的，更是重要的。填表，首先是科研工作的一部分，而且是至关重要的一部分。报项目、报奖、报职称、报人才计划、报院士等，以及项目结题、年终考核、分赃分红等，都是科研工作的重要组成部分，不填表，怎么评、怎么考、怎么分？其次，每一次填表都是一次总结，干革命工作，有总结才有提高嘛！这个道理你应该从小就懂的。填表虽然不能填出“科研业绩”和“科研成果”，但填表毋庸置疑可以大力推动科研工作的进步和提高。因此，填表一事值得年年干月月干天天干。 至于表格中的“迷魂阵”，不一定是为了“迷魂”填表人而设计的，恰恰相反，体现的是以人为本。就“科研业绩”和“科研成果”而言，龟兄大可不必叫真，但必须做到心中有数。的确，谁也没有告诉我们何谓科研业绩、何谓科研成果，以及它们之间究竟有何区别和联系，百度或谷歌，也不一定找得到正解。但要知道，很多事情，大家心知肚明就行，说破了就没意思了。表格中的“迷魂阵”，与其说“迷”，不如说“玄”，考验的是填表人的聪明才智。不能掌握表格中玄机的人，本来就应该倒霉。 “牛龟”被吊起了胃口，请求工农兵老兄以“科研业绩”和“科研成果”为例破解表格玄机。工农兵老兄正好话在兴头，hold不住自己的话匣子，以他特有的经历和经验一语道破：“科研业绩”就是生产队员通过出工挣来的工分，“科研成果”就是生产队员用工分换来的粮食。 “牛龟”毕竟是牛，听了工农兵老兄的妙解，立马顿悟：工分再多不能当饭吃，粮食再少总可饱餐几顿；科研业绩可能很多，科研成果也许是零？！工农兵老兄对着“牛龟”伸出大拇指：对头！项目、论文、专利、获奖、人才、实验室等等，“工分”可能挣得不少，但换来“粮食”也许不多。“粮食卫星”上了天、生产队员照挨饿的事情曾经司空见惯，如今薪火相传。牢记历史，才能开辟未来。 具体落实到如何对付眼下年终三件事，积极稳妥的办法就是，“粮食”尽管不多，“工分”必须挣够。地球人都明白，挣“工分”容易挣“粮食”难！因此汝等“牛龟”一股傲气讲境界没有用，只顾“粮食”，鄙视“工分”，吃亏的只是自己。在咱中国，除非白痴，正常人都知道，一斤稻子和一斤红薯的“工分”是一样的，“工分”多，换回的“米米”就多。必须要举个例的话，你可到中国的很多大学或部门走走看看，nature（至少是nature子刊）论文跟咱中文SCI刊物论文记一样的“工分”，因为它们都是SCI刊物，所以交债、算帐、分赃的作用不应有差别。 眼界放开阔点，科研业绩可能很多，科研成果也许是零，不仅个人如此，单位乃至国家都是如此。如，中国硕博士数量短期内已迅速扩张至世界第一，中国的科研队伍世界最大，但我们出不了“领军人物”；中国每年发表的论文总数已名列世界第二，但我们的论文很难被引用。成果很多固然重要，但业绩辉煌也不可小视，它同样受关注、被嫉妒，看美国的science杂志，它最近专门刊登特写文章“Focus on China: BIG Science in a BIG Country”，高度关注我们的科研，“高度赞扬”我们是“大国家，大科学”。眼界再放开阔点，咱中国就是一个崇尚“工分”的国度，“‘工分’可能很多，‘粮食’也许是零”几乎适用于各行各业，看看与你钱袋子相关的GDP就清楚了。 有响亮的科研成果时，可放肆鄙视科研业绩，以彰显科研境界。反之，应只字不提科研成果，要突出强调科研业绩，包括项目多少个、经费多少万、论文多少篇、专利多少项等等，等等。 别人跟你PK科研成果时，你可扬长避短跟他PK科研业绩；别人跟你PK科研业绩时，你可趋利避害跟他PK科研成果。 向领导汇报时要多讲科研业绩，一则群众的业绩就是领导的政绩，一则对牛弹琴，弹的人难受，听的人烦躁。跟同行交流时应多介绍科研成果，这个你懂的。 放眼历史长河，只有极少数科研成果推动了人类的文明和进步。因此，科研业绩多多，科研成果是零，这是社会的常态。我们大可不必愤世嫉俗，更没理由沾沾自喜，长远看，你我所谓的科研业绩或科研成果都将被扫进历史的垃圾堆。 （源自科学网博客2011年12月11日博文） （责任编辑 王芷）
标签: 表格
