The Big History Project From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Big History Project was started by Bill Gates and David Christian to enable the global teaching of Big History. Big History “is the attempt to understand, in a unified way, the history of Cosmos, Earth, Life and Humanity.” It is a course that covers history from the big bang through to the present in an interdisciplinary way. The Big History Project “is dedicated to fostering a greater love and capacity for learning among high school students”.
Witten by Guangying Luo from SXAU Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Due to the different minds among human beings, arguments appear in too many fields that we live, especially in academic exchange for researchers. As yet, I haven’t forgotten that argument about my research project. Now let me tell you some details about it. Autism is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication, repetitive behaviors and aberrant reciprocal social interactions. While the etiology remains unclear, I proposed that environmental pollution was responsible for disease in our lab meeting. Nobody agree with me but they struck to I had no sufficient evidence. I disagree with it for the following three reasons. First of all, our genes don’t change dramatically over the span of just a few decades. However, one thing that has changed dramatically over the last several decades is human exposure to toxic chemicals and metals in the environment. Hence, I suspected environmental pollution was justified. In addition, epidemiological survey on residential proximity to freeways indicated that the occurrence of autism was directly associated with environmental pollution. Last but not least, our study also proved that environmental pollution is the risk factor for autism in mouse model. This is quite a promising finding. Admittedly, the etiology of autism is still mystery, but the relationship of between environment pollution and autism is indeed a considerable question. So we can’t neglect this cause of autism. In conclusion, nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of my own mind. I insisted on environmental pollution is the risk factor of autism. Of course, if you disagree with me, please give your ideas. I believe where there is academic exchange, there is argument.
链接是： http://www-sop.inria.fr/neuromathcomp/public/index.shtml 在home上介绍说： NeuroMathComp is a joint project team between INRIA ( Méditerranée and Rocquencourt ), cole Normale Supérieure de Paris (DI), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis ( JAD Laboratory ) and CNRS (LIENS, UMR 8548. LJAD, UMR 6621). Neuromathcomp focuses on the exploration of the brain from the mathematical and computational perspectives. We want to unveil the principles that govern the functioning of neurons and assemblies thereof and to use our results to bridge the gap between biological and computational vision. Our work is very mathematical but we make heavy use of computers for numerical experiments and simulations. We have close ties with several top groups in biological neuroscience. We are pursuing the idea that the "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics" can be brought, as it has been in physics, to bear on neuroscience. Computational neuroscience attempts to build models of neurons at a variety of levels, microscopic, i.e. the minicolumn containing of the order of one hundred or so neurons, mesoscopic, i.e. the macrocolumn containing of the order of 10 4 -10 5 neurons, and macroscopic, i.e. a cortical area such as the primary visual area V1. Modeling such assemblies of neurons and simulating their behaviour involves putting together a mixture of the most recent results in neurophysiology with such advanced mathematics as dynamic systems theory, bifurcation theory, probability theory, stochastic calculus, and statistics, as well as the use of simulation tools.. group leader 是:Olivier Faugeras,链接是： http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Olivier.Faugeras/index.en.html 其人也比较地老了，不过身为欧洲computer vision的老大，他地60岁生日还专门搞了个研讨会。 O.Faugeras 比较著名的学生有： -- Jean Ponce-UIUC -- lazebnik - -- Zhengyou Zhang-MSR -- Martial Hebert-CMU -- Nicholas Ayache - INRIA (Medical Image Analysis) http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Nicholas.Ayache/ayache.html
Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Government of Malaysia and the Malaysia-MIT Biotechnology Partnership Programme. Acknowledgements This project was financially supported by the CAPESBrazil and CNPq-Brazil. Acknowledgements We are indebted to Northern Regional Research Laboratories type culture collection (NRRL), USA for the supply of strains. The authors gratefully acknowledge Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for the financial support. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund 2003. Acknowledgements This researchwas supported byBo˘gazic¸i University Research Fund through Project No: 99A501. Acknowledgements The authors thank Prof. Qin-min Xu for valuable technical advices. We are grateful to North China Pharmaceutical Corporation for providing the industrial strain S. lincolnensis 2–128, the fermentation conditions, and the analytical method of phosphorus. Acknowledgements This work is sponsored by the national natural science foundation committee of china under contract No. 20576132. The authors are indebted to the others of research group of Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for their excellent operation and helpful discussion. Acknowledgements We are thankful to the University Grants Commission for the financial support. The authors also acknowledge CSIR for Yogesh Badhe’s fellowship. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the Director, Regional Research Laboratory, (CSIR), Trivandrum, for providing facilities to carryout this work and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India for the Research Fellowship given to K.N. Niladevi. Acknowledgements This research was supported by Hacettepe University Research Fund with grant no. 0002602009. We are indebted to NRRL for supplying the culture free of charge. We are also thankful to Pınar Su¨ t Mamu¨ lleri Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim S_irketi (_Izmir, Turkey) for providing free dried whey. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China for its Wnancial support. The Grant No. is 30328021. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 20306002, 20325622 and 50373003), 863 High-Tech Project (no.2002AA217022), National ‘‘973’’ Project (no. 2003CB7160-02), Beijing National Science Foundation (no. 2032013) and Doctor Program of High Education (no. 203001004). Acknowledgement This work was supported by EC Framework V program, Contract no. QLK3-CT-1999-00004. Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by the Research Grant NSC 92-2211-E-006-028, NSC 93-2211-E-006-014 and NSC 94-2211-E-006-091 from Taiwan’s National Science Council. Acknowledgment This research was financially supported by the key technologies RD programme (No. 2001BA708B05-03) granted from Ministry of Science and Technology of PR China. Acknowledgement We acknowledge the financial support of Conicyt through Fondecyt Project 1050602. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank Cymtox Limited for financial support as well as Lanexess, Newbury, UK and The Dow Chemical Company, Elland, UK for providing samples of Preventol R 80 and Ucarcide Tm 24, respectively. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province, the Foundation for the Development of Science, Technology and Society in Guizhou Province and the Governor’s Special Foundation of Elitist of Science and Education of Guizhou Province. Acknowledgements We thank SKW Biosystems (Boulogne Billancourt, France) for financial support of this work. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20276066 A30070854), and the Department of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Government (413491030J30007001103241) The People’s Republic of China. Acknowledgments Financial supports for this work from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20272013 and 203900506), Science Commission of Shanghai Municipal Government (Grant No. 02QMF1412) and Ministry of Education, PRC (a Program for Supporting Excellent Young Teachers) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are indebted to Mr. Ming-Long Shi for his technical assistance in the bioreactor fermentation. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China for its financial support (The Grant No. is 39970005). We also should be grateful to Dr. Pihan Wang at Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taibei, Taiwan, China for her performance of BIOLOG analysis. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grant No. 20276026, 20446004 from NNSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) and No. 2003I020 from STFFC (Science and Technology Foundation of Fujian, China). Acknowledgements M. Puri is grateful to Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi for awarding Biotechnology National Associate Award (1997–1999) to pursue this work at IMTECH, Chandigarh. A. Banerjee gratefully acknowledges the fellowship provided by CSIR, Govt. of India. Acknowledgments Thisworkwas supported by grants from Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide 2004, and Regione Campania L.R. 05/03. Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20506037 and 203900506), Ministry of Education (No. 20050251011), and Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2003CB716008), PR China. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Mrs. Rohini Gideon (Research Officer-Retd), Dr. A. K. Thomas (Technical advisor and former Director of Central Research Institute, Kasauli) and Dr. V. R. Kalyanaraman (Former Director of the Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor) for their encouraging support and valuable technical discussion. The technical assistance of the staff of the Diphtheria Production Lab is greatly acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Vasudevan (J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam) in carrying out the HPLC analysis of the production medium. They also acknowledge the assistance of Mrs. Rajam Muralidharan (Librarian, P.I.I.C.), Mr. P. P. Padmanabhan (Bharathiar University, Coimbatore) and Mrs. J. Sunitha Raju (Enterovirus Lab, P.I.I.C.) in preparing the manuscript. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of FAPESP (Grant Procs. 03/11722-5 and 05/55079-4), CAPES and CNPq. Acknowledgments This work has been founded by project AGL2003-08848-C02-01/GAN of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. J.A. Cebolla was recipient of a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. E. Altman from the National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ont., for kindly providing purified CPS of S. suis serotype 2. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Kitasato University Grant for International Exchange Programmes (2004–2005). We thank Yukako Sasaki and Minako Moriyama for assistance. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the pupils of Meadowhead School (Sheeld) and Parliament Hill High and William Ellis Schools (London) who took part in the study. We also thank Ann Du.es (research coordinator), Lynn Seymour, Lorna Ward, Anne Marie Wright, Karen McMurtrie, Liz Turner, Jill Cooke, Sandra Smith and Suzanne Engel (research nurses), Helen Swarbrick (school nurse), Alan Rigby (statistician), Professor Brent Taylor (Professor of Community Child Health), John J. Donnelly, R. Randall Deck, George Santos, Lisa Danzig and Ellen Ypma (Chiron Corporation). Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the Federation of Danish Pig Produces and Slaughterhouses. We thank Heidi Pia Andersen, Rikke Friis, Ulla L. Andreasen and Hans Ska°ning for technical assistance. Acknowledgements We are indebted to Craig Rubens and Marie-Catherine Tessier for the generous gift of plasmids pCIV2 and pVE6007 (CR) and pMT020 (MCT).We thank Mariela Segura for critical reading of the manuscript.We also thank Diane Montpetit for performing the electron microscopy and Diane Cˆot′e for technical assistance. We are grateful to the E. coli Genetic Stock Center for the E. coli strain AB2829. This work was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). NF is the holder of a NSERC postgraduate scholarship. Acknowledgments We thank Y C Zhong, J Wang, and R L Owen for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors’ laboratories were supported in part by grants from the Ministry of National Education (DPCKSCU/IRT0447), Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University (#3253280), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (#036606 and #04105510), the National Science Foundation of China (#30570245) to ZRL, the China National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (#30225033) to XQZ, and the Department of Scientifi c and Technology of China (2003BA712A03-07) to XGC. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the EU as part of the EU Shared Cost Project no. QLK5-2001-02219 (APP in pig production). Acknowledgements This work was funded in part by VIRBAC laboratories (France). The authors wish to thank Josiane Ambert, Marie-Jos′e Barrat, Audrey Hamen, Chantal Patron, Jean-Luc Schereffer, Estelle Tissot and Am′elie Verdot for their excellent technical assistance. Acknowledgements We thank Hilde Smith for providing anti-MRP antibodies. The S. suis isolates from diseased animals were gratefully received from Jutta Verspohl, Judith Rohde, Anja Rothkamp and Gunter Amtsberg (our diagnostic section). We thank Martin Beyerbach (Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover) for excellent help with the statistical analyses. Luciana M.G. Silva was financially supported by CNPq-Brası′lia/Brazil. This study was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn, Germany (SFB587). Luciana M.G. Silva and Christoph G. Baums contributed equally to this work.
By Clive Cookson http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001043617/en In your body there are 10 times more microbes than your own human cells. A billion more microbes live on Earth than there are stars in the known universe. Biologists are confident in estimating the terrestrial total at about a nonillion of individual microbes – that is 10 with 30 zeros after it. Most are bacteria but no one has a good idea how many species or strains there are, or how these are distributed around the world. Only a minute fraction of microbial species have been characterised or cultured in the lab. Now, scientists armed with the latest gene sequencing technologies are embarking on the first systematic attempt to measure the diversity of microbial life. The Earth Microbiome Project is an international collaboration based at Argonne National Laboratory outside Chicago. In its pilot stage the project aims to characterise the microbes living in 10,000 samples taken from a wide range of environments, from soil and sea water around the world to surfaces in our homes and the inside of people and other animals. Working out which microbes are present in each sample is a formidable challenge in bioinformatics. It uses a technique called metagenomics, which avoids the need to isolate individual microbes. Instead, all the DNA present in a sample is sequenced at the same time; then clever computer software works out the contribution of different microbes to the genetic soup. Metagenomics was developed using samples of sea water. Jack Gilbert, the project leader, took part in the metagenomic analysis of 10,000 samples from the English Channel, which yielded about 100,000 microbial species. Soils from a variety of environments, from desert to farmland and rainforest, are also an important source of samples. Agriculture depends on the interaction between microbes, soil and plant roots, and so will climate change. “As the Arctic tundra heats up, carbon stored in its depths begins to move. If it joins the atmosphere, it could contribute to rising global levels of carbon dioxide,” Gilbert says. “And microbes affect where it goes – whether it is released into the air or absorbed by lakes, the oceans or soil.” But perhaps the greatest interest is in the microbiomes associated with humans. The project is analysing the microbes present in our homes and workplaces, on our phones, our shoes, and inside us. One question is the extent to which wiping out bad bacteria, through antibiotics and extreme hygiene in hospitals, can be counterproductive if it also destroys the good, protective bugs. There is evidence, for example, that opening windows in hospitals to let in fresh air and microbes is healthier than a super-hygienic sealed environment.
http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/8/222772.shtm 数字人不是真人，而是人体数据集，起源于1989年美国国立医学图书馆发起的可视人计划，是通过计算机技术，将人体结构数字化，在电脑屏幕上出现看得见的、能够调控的虚拟人体形态。其制作先选取一具尸体，将人体切成非常薄的片，利用数码相机和扫描仪对已切片的切面进行拍照、分析，将数据输入电脑，再由电脑合成三维的立体人类生理结构。 专访钟世镇：不要叫我数字人之父 表示研究方向已转到临床应用阶段 25日下午，84岁的钟世镇院士因其在解剖学、创伤救治、航天医学、数字人研究等多个领域的重要成就，被授予广东省科学技术突出贡献奖。 2003年初，我国首例女性数字人数据集在南方医科大学构建成功，中国成为继美国、韩国后，世界上第三个拥有本国数字人数据库的国家，中国数字人和数字医学的研究工作便是在钟世镇院士的一手倡导下开展起来的。他在我国数字人领域的地位毋庸置疑。但他却一再对数字人之父的头衔摆手千万不要这么叫我！在他眼里，数字人的研究已不再是当下的重点，而对于这一点，他没感到失落，却有欣慰。他说如果永远最辉煌，就是停滞不前了。 现在不讲数字人了。为什么说数字人不重要了？因为现在研究方向已经转到解决临床问题了。钟世镇介绍，如今数字人的研究成果已应用到临床实践，即当下热门的数字医学，比如现在的数字骨科手术：以往骨科医生诊病，只能看片子，现在可以直接拿着病人的骨头研究分析。医生通过对患者的CT图进行分析推测，再通过快速成形机，将患者骨髓一比一地制造出来，在正式手术前先模拟手术，从而提高手术的精度，实现了骨科手术的数字化。 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The Visible Human Project Overview The Visible Human Project is an outgrowth of the NLM's 1986 Long-Range Plan. It is the creation of complete, anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies. Acquisition of transverse CT, MR and cryosection images of representative male and female cadavers has been completed. The male was sectioned at one millimeter intervals, the female at one-third of a millimeter intervals. The long-term goal of the Visible Human Project is to produce a system of knowledge structures that will transparently link visual knowledge forms to symbolic knowledge formats such as the names of body parts. 1989年美国国立医学图书馆发起的可视人计划 Background The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has seen an increasing use of electronic images for clinical medicine and biomedical research. The Visible Human Project was established in 1989 to build a digital image library of volumetric data representing complete, normal adult male and female anatomy. 博主：应该是1986年。 可视人
信息来自于： http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fox/ 好几年前的资料 School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Principal Investigators Robert Harper , Professor Peter Lee , Professor Frank Pfenning , Associate Professor Support The Fox Project was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency CSTO under the title The Fox Project: Advanced Languages for Systems Software, ARPA Order Number C533, issued by ESC/ENS under Contract Number F19628-95-C-0050 and under the title The Fox Project: Advanced Development of Systems Software, ARPA Order Number 8313, issued by ESD/AVS under Contract Number F196228-91-C-0168. Objective The objective of the Fox Project is the development of language support for building safe, highly composable, and reliable systems. We seek to accomplish this by exploiting and advancing the state-of-the-art in programming language technology, including fundamental design principles, compiler technologies, and the mathematical underpinning of programming languages and logics. We demonstrate our results through language implementations and applications in systems software such as embedded systems or active networks, emphasizing those which must simultaneously be highly customizable, safe, and efficient. The current emphasis is on applications for program composition in embedded systems. Approach The Fox Project is carrying out a comprehensive program of research to apply the theoretical foundations of programming languages (including ideas in type theory, formal semantics, and logic) to the development of tools and techniques for systems software in general and system software in particular. The main goal is the development of technologies for achieving modularity, efficiency, and safety in software systems, and then developing tools to support application of these technologies. We have divided our past and current research activities into several closely linked focus areas. FoxNet TypedIntermediateLanguages Proof-CarryingCode LogicalFrameworks StagedComputation LanguageDesign Please refer to these individual pages for recent talks and publications, software, collaborations, and further links.
标签: Project
