LIKE 操作符用于在 WHERE 子句中搜索列中的指定模式。 LIKE 操作符 LIKE 操作符用于在 WHERE 子句中搜索列中的指定模式。 SQL LIKE 操作符语法SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern 原始的表 (用在例子中的)： Persons 表: Id LastName FirstName Address City 1 Adams John Oxford Street London 2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York 3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing LIKE 操作符实例例子 1 现在，我们希望从上面的 Persons 表中选取居住在以 N 开始的城市里的人： 我们可以使用下面的 SELECT 语句： SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City LIKE 'N%' 提示： % 可用于定义通配符（模式中缺少的字母）。 结果集： Id LastName FirstName Address City 2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York 例子 2 接下来，我们希望从 Persons 表中选取居住在以 g 结尾的城市里的人： 我们可以使用下面的 SELECT 语句： SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City LIKE '%g'结果集： Id LastName FirstName Address City 3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing 例子 3 接下来，我们希望从 Persons 表中选取居住在包含 lon 的城市里的人： 我们可以使用下面的 SELECT 语句： SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City LIKE '%lon%'结果集： Id LastName FirstName Address City 1 Adams John Oxford Street London 例子 4 通过使用 NOT 关键字，我们可以从 Persons 表中选取居住在 不包含 lon 的城市里的人： 我们可以使用下面的 SELECT 语句： SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City NOT LIKE '%lon%'结果集： Id LastName FirstName Address City 2 Bush George Fifth Avenue New York 3 Carter Thomas Changan Street Beijing
Autonomous drones flock like birds http://www.nature.com/news/ autonomous-drones-flock-like-birds-1.14776 26 February 2014 Article tools Rights Permissions A Hungarian team has created the first drones that can fly as a coordinated flock. The researchers watched as the ten autonomous robots took to the air in a field outside Budapest, zipping through the open sky, flying in formation or even following a leader, all without any central control. Experiment with distant quasar light could solve free-will loophole in quantum theory More humane method needed for euthanizing lab fish Microbial genes become useful forensic tool The aircraft, called quadcopters because they have four rotors, navigate using signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, communicate their positions to one another via radio and compute their own flight plans. They were created by a team of scientists led by Tamás Vicsek, a physicist at Etvs Loránd University in Budapest. “This is remarkable work,” says Iain Couzin, who studies collective animal behaviour at Princeton University in New Jersey. “It is the first outdoor demonstration of how biologically inspired rules can be used to create resilient yet dynamic flocks. we will be able to achieve large, coordinated robot flocks much sooner than many would have anticipated.” Drones are typically designed to fly alone, and although other research groups have created flocks before, Vicsek says that those attempts involved cutting some corners — the copters were restricted to indoor arenas or controlled by a central computer. According to Vicsek, the only other truly autonomous drone flock was created in 2011 by robotics researcher Dario Floreano at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne 1 . But his machines were fixed-wing fliers that could move only at constant speeds and had to fly at different heights to avoid collisions. “It looked like a swarm but wasn’t a real one because they didn’t interact with one another,” says Vicsek. By contrast, his drones can coordinate their movements to form rotating rings or straight lines. If Vicsek tells them that they face a wall with a gap in it, they can queue up to squeeze through. Related stories Termite-inspired robots build castles Follow the crowd Drones in science: Fly, and bring me data More related stories Vicsek and his team drew inspiration from a computer program called Boids, created in 1986 by Craig Reynolds, a computer graphics expert now at the University of California in Santa Cruz. Reynolds simulated virtual flying objects that move according to three rules — they match the average direction of their neighbours and move towards them, but keep a distance to avoid crowding. These rules — alignment, attraction, repulsion — were enough to produce a computer simulation of a bird-like flock, but real fliers face other problems. “The big enemies are noise and delay,” says Vicsek. The GPS (Global Positioning System) signals are very noisy, so it is hard for the copters to accurately discern their position. The fliers also need time to receive and process those signals, and these lags mean the drones often get too close to one another or overshoot their mark. A. Korbely The drones flocking at dusk. Expand The drones did not flock successfully until the team managed to speed up their reaction times — a challenge that Floreano and his team also had to overcome. Vicsek and his team submitted their results as a presentation at the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, to be held next September in Chicago, Illinois. For now, the drones communicate among themselves via radio, but that sometimes leads to jammed signals. Fitting them with cameras might provide a workaround. “It’s not by chance that birds have very good vision,” says Vicsek. “The big next step is to make the copters see each other.” Journal name:NatureDOI:doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14776
http://baike.baidu.com/view/2360275.htm I made it through the wilderness, Somehow I made it through. Didn't know how lost I was until I found you, I was beat incomplete. I've been had, I was sad and blue, But you make me feel, yeah, You make me feel shiny and new. (Oh)like a virgin touched for the very first time, Like a virgin when your heart beats next to mine. Gonna give you all my love, boy, My fear is fading fast. Been saving it all for you' cause only love can last, You're so fine and you're mine make me strong. Yeah, you make me bold, Oh, your love thawed out, yeah, Your love thawed out what was scared and cold. Like a virgin(Hey) touched for the very first time, Like a virgin when your heart beats next to mine. Oh…. You're so fine and you're mine, I'll be yours， till the end of time. Cause you make me feel, yeah, You make me feel I've nothing to hide. Like a virgin(Hi) touched for the very first time, Like a virgin when your heart beats next to mine. Like a virgin, Oooh, like a virgin, Feels so good inside When you hold me and your heart beats. And you love me, oh….
1、I asked God for a bike, but I know God doesn’t work that way. So I stole a bike and asked for forgiveness. 开始我直接求上帝赐辆自行车。 后来我琢磨上帝办事儿不是这个路数。 于是老子偷了一辆然后求上帝宽恕。 2、I want to die peacefully in my sleep, like my grandfather.. Not screaming and yelling like the passengers in his car. 我希望能像爷爷那样，安静地在睡梦中死去…… 而不是要像他开的车上那些惨叫滴乘客一样死法啊！ 3、Do not argue with an idiot. He will drag you down to his level and beat you with experience. 你永远不能战胜一个纯SB,因为他会把你的智商拉到跟他个水平,然后用丰富的经验打败你 4、The last thing I want to do is hurt you. But it’s still on the list. 直译：在这个世界上,我最不愿意做的事就是伤害你,但是这件事仍在我的考虑之列。 意译a：我真不想伤害你，但你也别逼我。 意译b：吾虽不杀伯仁，伯仁由我而死。 5、If sex is a pain in the ass, then you’re doing it wrong… a. 如觉嘿咻乃屁眼不能承受之痛，那是你操错洞… b. 若XXOO是下体的痛，那么，是你操错。 6、The early bird might get the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese. a. 早起滴小鸟有虫虫！晚到的老鼠有奶酪！ b. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃，早起的虫儿被鸟吃。 7、We live in a society where pizza gets to your house before the police. 在咱们这噶哒送外卖的都比警察来的快. 8、Having sex is like playing bridge. If you don’t have a good partner, you’d better have a good hand. XXOO就象打桥牌。 如果对手不好使，自己的手必须好使。 9、 Some people are like Slinkies … not really good for anything, but you can’t help smiling when you see one tumble down the stairs. 有些人就像 Slinkies （弹簧玩具），没什么实在用处，但看他们在楼梯上倒腾来捣腾去还是很有喜感。 10、Politicians and diapers have one thing in common. They should both be changed regularly, and for the same reason. 政客和纸尿布有一个共同点就是：他们都很有规律地被替换，而且因为同一个理由——脏了！！ 11、War does not determine who is right – only who is left. 战争不能决出正义，但能判出哪方出局。 12、Women might be able to fake orgasms. But men can fake a whole relationship. a. 女人的高潮可能是装出来的。但是男人TMD可以整段感情都是装出来的！ b. 女人假装高潮以获取真实的感情；男人假装感情以获取真实的高潮。 13、We never really grow up, we only learn how to act in public. 我们永远不可能真正的成熟，我们只是学会在众人面前装逼。 14、Men have two emotions: Hungry and Horny. If you see him without an erection, make him a sandwich. 男人就两种状态：饿 和 性饥渴。 要是他不硬，就给他个三明治！ 15、Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak. 光总是比声音跑的快点….这就是为嘛有些SB只有在开口说话之后你才发现他是在装B… 16、My mother never saw the irony in calling me a son-of-a-bitch. 我妈每次对着我骂草泥马的时候都没看出其中笑点。 17、I thought I wanted a career, turns out I just wanted paychecks. 曾以为我想要的是职业，结果发现我只是想要工资。 18、If you think nobody cares if you’re alive, try missing a couple of payments. 你要是觉得没人在乎你的死活,那你不妨尝试一下跟你的债主玩躲猫猫~~ 19、Sex is not the answer. Sex is the question. “Yes” is the answer. XXOO并不是结论而是个问题…爽不爽才是答案… 20、Evening news is where they begin with ‘Good evening’, and then proceed to tell you why it isn’t. 晚间新闻总是以“晚上好”开头，再告诉你你为什么好不了。 21、How is it one careless match can start a forest fire, but it takes a whole box to start a campfire? 直译：一根火柴能点着整片森林，一盒火柴也生不起个营火，这咋回事！ 意译：想当年哥戴套都能让人怀孕，看今朝叔竟然去看男科 22、If 4 out of 5 people SUFFER from diarrhea… does that mean that one enjoys it? 如果4/5的人在忍受腹泻的痛苦，那剩下1/5咋回事？很享受吗？ 23、Knowledge is knowing a tomato is a fruit; Wisdom is not putting it in a fruit salad. 直译：知识就是说你知道西红柿是一种水果；智慧就好似不要把它放进水果沙拉里。 意译a：知识就是告诉你说应该把鸡蛋放进篮子，智慧则是叫你不要把所有鸡蛋都放进一个篮子。 意译b:所谓知识就是知道韩少和小四都属于80后，但智慧告诉你这终还是男女有别~ 24、If God is watching us, the least we can do is be entertaining. 上帝瞅着咱们呢，大伙好歹喜感点吧！ 25、Never, under any circumstances, take a sleeping pill and a laxative on the same night. 无论，在任何情况下，永远，不要在一个夜晚，同时吃，安眠药，和通便灵。 26、I didn’t fight my way to the top of the food chain to be a vegetarian 老子拼死拼活奋斗到食物链顶端，不是为了成为一个素食者。 27、A bus station is where a bus stops. A train station is where a train stops. On my desk, I have a work station.. 公车站呀公车停。火车站呀火车停。俺桌上有个工作站… 28、If I agreed with you we’d both be wrong. 要是我听你的，咱俩就都2B了。 29、 Did you know that dolphins are so smart that within a few weeks of captivity, they can train people to stand on the very edge of the pool and throw them fish? 海豚可聪明了你知道不？只要驯养几个星期，它们就能让人类乖乖站在池边给它们扔鱼吃了。 30、A computer once beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing. a. 下棋，我不行；玩跆拳道，电脑不行！ b. 下象棋电脑把我玩得团团转，拳击我能把机箱踹得七零八散！ 31、I saw a woman wearing a sweat shirt with “Guess” on it…so I said “Implants?” 瞅见个姐姐，胸前衣服上写着“Guess”…俺就问了一句：“…隆过？” 32、 Children: You spend the first 2 years of their life teaching them to walk and talk. Then you spend the next 16 years telling them to sit down and shut-up. 孩子就是：你先花2年，教丫们走路和说话。然后你再花16年教丫们坐定和闭嘴。 33、Why does someone believe you when you say there are four billion stars, but check when you say the paint is wet? 为什么当你说天上有400亿星星时他不怀疑，却偏要检查你所说的“油漆未干”？ 34、Better to remain silent and be thought a fool, than to speak and remove all doubt. a. 宁愿闭嘴当傻瓜，也别学乌鸦乱呱呱。 b. 越解释越SB，不说话最NB。 c. 剽悍的人生不需要解释 d. 宁可闭口被人当SB，也不张口解释所有疑。 35、A bank is a place that will lend you money, if you can prove that you don’t need it. 银行就是当你证明了你不需要钱的时候可以借钱给你的地方 36、Laugh at your problems, everybody else does. a.对你的问题哈哈大笑吧，别人都在这么做。 b. 你有什么不开心的？说出来给大家开心开心。 37、The voices in my head may not be real, but they have some good ideas! a. 我知道没人在我脑子里跟我聊天，但那些话真TM有用！ 意译：我幻想的低吟不一定是真的，但足够让我意淫 38、A clear conscience is usually the sign of a bad memory. a. 无愧于心哈？记性不好吧？ 意译b： 自从那次在人妖身边醒来，每次去夜店我都提醒自己“一定要戴眼镜……” c. 意识清醒了，意味着不堪回首了。 39、Good girls are bad girls that never get caught. a. 所谓的好姑娘，咳！就是还没被群众抓到的JP女····· b. 想立牌坊就得会装 40、He who smiles in a crisis has found someone to blame. 临危忽然微笑的那谁，定是找到替罪羊鸟~ 41、 Women will never be equal to men until they can walk down the street with a bald head and a beer gut, and still think they are sexy. 如果女人能做到以秃顶和啤酒肚在大街上晃还觉得自己倍儿性感——此时估计男女能平等。 42、The shinbone is a device for finding furniture in a dark room. 小腿上的骨头——在黑房间里找准家具位置的好装备。 43、The main reason Santa is so jolly is because he knows where all the bad girls live. 圣诞老人当然美，他知道所有YD妞住哪儿啊！ 44、To steal ideas from one person is plagiarism. To steal from many is research. 剽窃一个人的叫剽窃，剽窃许多人的叫研究。 意译：窃钩者诛，窃国者为诸侯。 45、Some cause happiness wherever they go. Others whenever they go. 有些人一来大家就开心了；有些人一走大家就开心了。. 46、 I discovered I scream the same way whether I’m about to be devoured by a great white shark or if a piece of seaweed touches my foot. 我发现，我滴脚丫被一小片儿海藻擦过时，我滴那个惨叫声——和我被大白鲨吓坏时的惨叫声是一样滴。 47、Crowded elevators smell different to midgets. 直译：你若是挤满人的电梯里的小矮人，肯定能嗅出不同的味儿。 意译：灵感来自于所站的角度与众不同。 48、I didn’t say it was your fault, I said I was blaming you. 我可没怨你！我是在谴责你！ 49、 Whenever I fill out an application, in the part that says “If an emergency, notify:” I put “DOCTOR”. What’s my mother going to do? 当我填表的时候，有一项是“紧急情况联系：” 我填上了“医生”，到时候我妈能帮上什么忙？！ 50、God must love stupid people. He made SO many. 上帝一定倍儿爱SB，不然他造这么多！！！！！！！ 51、Behind every successful man is his woman. Behind the fall of a successful man is usually another woman. 每一个成功的男人背后都有一个女人。每一个翻了船的成功男人背后往往是另一个女人。 52、I always take life with a grain of salt, …plus a slice of lemon, …and a shot of tequila. 生活对于我来说是小菜一碟，我通常就着盐和柠檬，再来一小杯烈性酒。 意译a：生活，是一团麻……绳，……再加一根蜡烛……一柄皮鞭。 意译b: 生活，不就是先狂吃菜，然后把烈性白酒一饮而尽？ 53、The sole purpose of a child’s middle name, is so he can tell when he’s really in trouble. 直译：小孩子要中间名，纯粹是为了让他知道他啥时候真的有麻烦了。 直译a：起个全名就为了揍孩子前可以底气十足地喊出来。 意译b：贾君鹏这名字就为了让他妈喊他回家吃饭！ 54、It’s not the fall that kills you; it’s the sudden stop at the end. 跳楼的时候，“啊——”的时候还没死，“啪！”那才是死了。 55、Artificial intelligence is no match for natural stupidity. 人工智能从来敌不过天然请勿使用不良词语。 56、Never hit a man with glasses. Hit him with a baseball bat. 直译：不要用眼镜腿来打男人，用棒球击杆。 意译: 要下手就得狠，甭来毛毛雨。 57、There’s a fine line between cuddling and holding someone down so they can’t get away. 直译：要想留住谁，在抱摔的时候有一条细线区分出你是否为高手。 其他译法：抱摔是留不住女人的，搂抱才管用。/抱和爆是有区别的。 /推倒和拥抱是有微妙的区别的哟！/拥抱和柔道里的压制是有区别的！ 58、A bargain is something you don’t need at a price you can’t resist. 所谓砍价，就是这东西虽然你不需要，但价格太好必须要买下来！ 59、Never get into fights with ugly people, they have nothing to lose. 绝对不要和长得丑的争执，他们已经没什么可输的了。 60、My opinions may have changed, but not the fact that I am right. 我的观点或许改变了，但我是正确的这一事实却亘古不变。 意译：我们要搞共产主义，也要搞有中国特色的社会主义。 61、My psychiatrist told me I was crazy and I said I want a second opinion. He said okay, you’re ugly too. 心理医师：你神经病！！！ 我：能说点别的吗？ 心理医师：好！！而且你真TM丑！！！ 62、 A little boy asked his father, “Daddy, how much does it cost to get married?” Father replied, “I don’t know son, I’m still paying.” 一单纯傻儿子问他爹：“爸，结婚到底要花多少钱啊？”他爸说：“儿啊，我真不知道…没看见我还在交钱吗？” 63、 Some people say “If you can’t beat them, join them”. I say “If you can’t beat them, beat them”, because they will be expecting you to join them, so you will have the element of surprise. 有人说“打不过，就合作”。我说“打不过，也要打”。因为丫们指望你加入，得来点惊喜~！ 64、When in doubt, mumble. 脑子不好使的话，你就嘟囔。 不明白的话，哼哼试试。 65、I intend to live forever. So far, so good. 我已决定长生不老，目前为止，感觉良好。 66、Hospitality: making your guests feel like they’re at home, even if you wish they were 好客就是：让客人觉得他们像在他们家一样，尽管你真的希望他们滚回他们家。 67、If at first you don’t succeed, skydiving is not for you! 跳伞是这样一种运动：不成功则成仁！ 68、A TV can insult your intelligence, but nothing rubs it in like a computer. 电视侮辱你的智商，电脑则是吐你槽的终极存在！ 69、Knowledge is power, and power corrupts. So study hard and be evil. 知识就是力量，力量会邪恶化。那么就好好学习当大魔王吧！ 70、Money can’t buy happiness, but it sure makes misery easier to live with. 钱买不来幸福，但有了它，痛苦的日子会好熬一点。 71、Always borrow money from a pessimist. He won’t expect it back. 跟悲观主义者借钱吧！他反正不指望你还！！！ 72、Worrying works! 90% of the things I worry about never happen. 担忧真的好使！！老子担心的事儿90%都没发生！！ 73、Virginity is like a soapbubble, one prick and it is gone. 贞操如泡影，一戳无踪影。 74、Nostalgia isn’t what it used to be. 这年头，连怀旧都不如从前够味儿了。 75、With sufficient thrust, pigs fly just fine. 只要主义真，猪也成超人。 信春哥 ，得永生 76、I should’ve known it wasn’t going to work out between my ex-wife and me. After all, I’m a Libra and she’s a bitch. 我早就该知道我跟我EX没戏！归根结底，我是天枰她是JP！ 77、Hallmark Card: “I’m so miserable without you, it’s almost like you’re still here.” 豪马克卡上的话：没有你我痛苦万分，正如你就在此处。（没有女人冷冷清清，有了女人鸡犬不宁） 78、You’re never too old to learn something stupid. 越活越2~ /活到老,2到老 79、A diplomat is someone who can tell you to go to hell in such a way that you will look forward to the trip. 直译：外交家们说让你下地狱的时候，措辞也好像你正巴不得来这么趟旅行。 80、 I got in a fight one time with a really big guy, and he said, “I’m going to mop the floor with your face.” I said, “You’ll be sorry.” He said, “Oh, yeah? Why?” I said, “Well, you won’t be able to get into the corners very well.” 我和个壮汉闹急了。 他：老子非得用你丫脸把地给擦了！！！ 我：你会后悔的！！ 他：噢？真哒？怎么讲？ 我：呃，边边角角的地方你擦不到！！！ 81、Some people hear voices.. Some see invisible people.. Others have no imagination whatsoever. 有些人吹牛说丫能通灵，有些人吹牛说丫有阴阳眼，其他人只是没有这种想象力而已 82、I like work. It fascinates me. I sit and look at it for hours. 啊我好爱好爱工作啊~ 工作让我好着迷啊~我TMD死盯着它几个小时了啊！ 83、We have enough gun control. What we need is idiot control. 枪支管理不是问题，SB管理才是问题 84、Women may not hit harder, but they hit lower. 女人或许击得并不重，但她们击得更低….. 女人总是能击中男人的要害。 85、Just remember…if the world didn’t suck, we’d all fall off. 直译：记着吧……世界要不恶心，我们早被吐掉了。 别抱怨了，这个世界要是真和谐了，我们这种人就不应该存在~ 意译：你们TMD给我记住：没有和谐社会，你们早让美帝国主义给糟蹋了！ 86、Jesus loves you, but everyone else thinks you’re an asshole. 上帝蜀黍疼你，只是大家都觉得你2B而已 87、I used to be indecisive. Now I’m not sure. a. 过去老子左右为难。现在老子优柔寡断。 b. 我曾是个怀疑论者，现在我很怀疑这一点。 c. 过去我难以决断，现在我不大确信是否还是如此。 88、I don’t trust anything that bleeds for five days and doesn’t die. 老子打死都不信流血5天还不挂的物种。/老子打死都不信娘们儿。 89、If you keep your feet firmly on the ground, you’ll have trouble putting on your pants. 直译：如果你始终脚踏实地，那就别想穿裤子了。 意译：人太老实没法活。 90、To be sure of hitting the target, shoot first and call whatever you hit the target. 别人是指哪儿打哪儿，我是打哪儿指哪儿。 91、 You are such a good friend that if we were on a sinking ship together and there was only one life jacket… I’d miss you heaps and think of you often. 好吧，既然这艘船要沉了，救生衣又只有一件，我就勉为其难的虚伪一下，你对我来说实在是不能再好的朋友了…我一定会经常想念你滴~!!! 92、Going to church doesn’t make you a Christian any more than standing in a garage makes you a car. 站在车库的你并不会变成一辆车是吧？所以站在教堂的你也不会变成基督徒。 93、Change is inevitable, except from a vending machine. 世界总是在变，但我却怎么也便不出来。 意译：人生何处不杯具，唯有面对饮水机。 94、If you are supposed to learn from your mistakes, why do some people have more than one child. 假设我们会吃一堑，长一智，为什么总有人生了一个还会生？ 95、A bus is a vehicle that runs twice as fast when you are after it as when you are in it. 公车总在被追赶的时候的速度要比你在里面时的速度快两倍。 一旦你在公车后面追，它的速度就会变得比你在里面所感觉得快。 96、Whoever coined the phrase “Quiet as a mouse” has never stepped on one. 发明“鼠动无声”这词儿的哥们一定没踩上过一只。 97、You do not need a parachute to skydive. You only need a parachute to skydive twice. 过了河也别拆桥，没准你还要回来呢。 98、The difference between an oral thermometer and a rectal thermometer is in the taste. 口腔体温计和菊花体温计有啥不同？尝尝看就知道了 99、When tempted to fight fire with fire, remember that the Fire Department usually uses water. 以暴治暴，不如以抱治爆。 100、Remember, if you smoke after sex you’re doing it too fast. 直译：记着，如果你在嘿咻后冒烟了，证明你整得太快了。
CERN的内部邮件： Dear colleagues, I would like to invite you to a seminar in the main auditorium on 13 December at 14:00, at which the ATLAS and CMS experiments will present the status of their searches for the Standard Model Higgs boson. These results will be based on the analysis of considerably more data than those presented at the Summer conferences, sufficient to make significant progress in the search for the Higgs boson, but not enough to make any conclusive statement on the existence or non-existence of the Higgs. The seminar will also be webcast.
博士 论文 后记 Encouragement and inspiration from friends have been very important to achieve my academic goals. Though I registered in Antwerp University to pursue my doctoral degree, I studied most of the time on my own in my spare time after work in Tongji University Library. Conflicts among work, academic pursuit and family were so fierce that, at times, I became hopeless and felt like someone wandering in a marsh land, in vain struggling to move on. I really felt lucky that so many friends lend me a hand here and there on the road to make my dream come true. I would like to express my profound thanks to all of them. First, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Rousseau. He led me to explore the hidden regularities in the unknown world of informetrics. By his scientific and linguistic support I acquired the skills to verify, prove and communicate scientific ideas. Moreover, he trained me in every aspect of scientific research: not only formulating scientific ideas and performing investigations, but also presenting work at conferences and informing about scientific competitions. With great patience and tolerance, he broadened my horizon and opened my mind. Thanks are also extended to the other members of my doctoral committee: professors Pierre Delsaerdt, Sven De Maeyer and Tim Engels, for their guidance along the way towards a doctoral degree. I further thank professors Wolfgang Glnzel and Loet Leydesdorff for their valuable comments and helpful suggestions. Their critical remarks made me reflect deeper about my research goals. Thanks also given to Prof. Liang Liming and Prof. Wu Yishan, whom I consider my Chinese advisors. During my scientific training I had the opportunity to collaborate with Raf Guns, Dilruba Mahbuba and Ismael Rafols, among others. I thank them for sharing their thoughts and expertise with me. I also would like to thank Song Yongli from the mathematical department of Tongji University, and Shen Xinyao, Zhang Sanjiu, Li Shude, Nie Yumei and other colleagues from Tongji university library for the truth they talked about me in times of crises. Many friends from the blogsphere http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.html are thanked for their support, among them I mention Cao Cong, Ren Shengli, Liu Li, Zhao Xing, Li Ning, Zhang Tianyi, Gai Xinlei, Wang Haihui, Zhou Chunlei, Chen Guowen, Liang Jin, Wang Fang and many others who have given comments and recommended my blog articles. The organizers of the international STIMULATE program, in particular Prof. Paul Nieuwenhuysen, and the institutes and organizations involved in this program (VLIR, VUB, Leuven University and Antwerp University) are thanked for giving me the opportunity to study abroad. Other institutes which I visited such as Fudan University, Shanghai University, National Science Library CAS, Zhejiang University and Wuhan University are thanked for giving me a place to continue my studies. In particular I thank professors Guan Jiancheng, Shan Shi, Ye Ying, Qiu Junping, Yang Liying and her colleagues Zhou Qiuju and Yue Ting for their hospitality. I very much thank my son for the Hard Work Nobel Prize he awarded me and also for the meals he made for me when I was too busy working on my thesis. I thank my husband for the trust he has in me. Special thanks are also given to the clusters of fragrant white flowers that, from the garden of neighbors, hung over into my parents’ garden and which attracted me, as a child, to go further to a place that I didn’t know and could not reach immediately. Through his pictures the famous photographer Li Xuekuan from my hometown evoked the road I walked, and the roads I further intend to walk to a bright and happy future. For this reason I include a photograph made by him special for my doctoral degree. 正是朋友们的鼓励和激发，才使我不断地走向新的学术研究目标。虽然我在安特大学注册，并试图在那里获得博士学位，但大多数时间我都是利用我在同济大学图书馆工作后的业余时间自学的。工作、学术追求和家庭之间的冲突如此强烈，我有时甚至感到我就像是在沼泽地里挣扎，徒劳地想要前行，但希望却离我渐行渐远 …… 我是如此幸运，如此多的朋友时不时地伸出手来，拉我一把，使我没有沉入沼泽地，而最终实现了自己的梦想。我想在此，对他们的帮助，表示深深的谢意。 首先，我要感谢鲁索教授，是他引导着我去探索那些隐藏在未知后面的规律。因为他在科学和语言方面所提供的支持，我能够提出、证明并传播科学理念。在涉及科学研究的每一个方面，包括阐述科学理念，进行调研、会议上宣读论文、科学竞争等等方面，他都耐心细致地培养我。以极大的耐心和宽容，他打开了我的思维，拓宽着我的眼界。感激之情进一步延展到我博士答辩委员会的其他成员： Pierre Delsaerdt, Sven De Maeyer and Tim Engels 教授，是在他们的指导下，我走过那条长长的通向博士学位的道路。 感谢博士评判委员会成员 Wolfgang Glnzel 和 Loet Leydesdorff 教授，感谢他们提出的宝贵意见和有益建议。他们富有建设性的话语，让我进一步思考我的研究目标。也感谢梁立明和武夷山教授，他们是我的中国导师。 在我读博期间，我有幸和很多科学家合作，其中我要特别感谢 Raf Guns, Dilruba Mahbuba and Ismael Rafols ，感谢他们和我分享他们的真知灼见。我也非常感谢同济大学数学系的 Song Yongli 老师，和同济大学图书馆的同事沈新耀老师，张三九老师，李淑德老师，聂玉美老师和其他老师，是他们在一些危机时刻所表现出来的诚实品德，让我相信这个世界还有真善美的一面。 我深深地感谢科学网的众多博友。其中我要特别提到曹聪老师，任胜利老师，刘立老师，赵星老师，李宁老师，张天翼老师，盖鑫磊老师，王海辉老师，周春雷老师、陈国文老师，梁进老师，王芳老师和很多曾经评论和推荐我博文的博友。 我谢谢国际 STIMULATE 项目的组织者，尤其是 Paul Nieuwenhuysen 教授，和涉及到这个项目的机构和组织，包括 VLIR, 鲁汶大学，安特大学，布鲁塞尔自由大学。是这个项目让我有机会在国外学习。我也感谢我在读博期间访问的中国机构，包括复旦大学、上海大学、科学院、浙江大学和武汉大学，谢谢这些机构让我有机会进一步学习。我尤其感谢这些机构的官建成老师，山石老师，叶鹰老师，邱均平老师，杨立英老师、周秋菊老师和岳亭老师，谢谢他们的热情接待。 我深深地感谢我儿子，不仅仅为他曾经颁发给我的诺贝尔辛苦奖，也为他在我忙于写论文时，给我准备的晚餐。也谢谢我的丈夫，谢谢他的信任。 最后，我要特别感谢幼时从邻家伸展到我父母庭院里的那一串串芬芳的白色花朵，是他们用盛开的美好，吸引着孩童时的我，走向一个又一个未知而不能立即到达的地方。著名摄影家李学宽老师，用这张来自家乡的美丽图片，勾起我对往事的深深怀恋，并引导我走向明媚而幸福的将来。我因此附一张他特意为我的博士学位而拍摄的照片。 Epilogue @Li Xue Kuan
笔者注：这篇访谈是John Brockman对明斯基的一个采访，明斯基是MIT教授，也是人工智能领域的大牛，看看他说点什么还是有意思的，闲话少说，上文！ 还是简单说两句为好，这个访谈反映了明斯基对于人类意识的一些看法。之所以出现对于意识解释的混乱现象，是因为大脑内部太复杂，可能有40-50种运作机制，而这些都是我们目前还没有办法清楚了解与解决的。他也否定了经验的主观特性。经验感觉是否可以还原？这是哲学家们感兴趣的话题，物理主义的解释是不能令人满意的。一百年前如此，今天也如此。即便意识是一个大手提箱，也不能什么都装啊？ CONSCIOUSNESS IS A BIG SUITCASE A Talk with Marvin Minsky MINSKY: My goal is making machines that can think-by understanding how people think. One reason why we find this hard to do is because our old ideas about psychology are mostly wrong. Most words we use to describe our minds (like "consciousness", "learning", or "memory") are suitcase-like jumbles of different ideas. Those old ideas were formed long ago, before 'computer science' appeared. It was not until the 1950s that we began to develop better ways to help think about complex processes. Computer science is not really about computers at all, but about ways to describe processes. As soon as those computers appeared, this became an urgent need. Soon after that we recognized that this was also what we'd need to describe the processes that might be involved in human thinking, reasoning, memory, and pattern recognition, etc. JB: You say 1950, but wouldn't this be preceded by the ideas floating around the Macy Conferences in the '40s? MINSKY: Yes, indeed. Those new ideas were already starting to grow before computers created a more urgent need. Before programming languages, mathematicians such as Emil Post, Kurt G鱠el, Alonzo Church, and Alan Turing already had many related ideas. In the 1940s these ideas began to spread, and the Macy Conference publications were the first to reach more of the technical public. In the same period, there were similar movements in psychology, as Sigmund Freud, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen, and Jean Piaget also tried to imagine advanced architectures for 'mental computation.' In the same period, in neurology, there were my own early mentors-Nicholas Rashevsky, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts, Norbert Wiener, and their followers-and all those new ideas began to coalesce under the name 'cybernetics.' Unfortunately, that new domain was mainly dominated by continuous mathematics and feedback theory. This made cybernetics slow to evolve more symbolic computational viewpoints, and the new field of Artificial Intelligence headed off to develop distinctly different kinds of psychological models. JB: Gregory Bateson once said to me that the cybernetic idea was the most important idea since Jesus Christ. MINSKY: Well, surely it was extremely important in an evolutionary way. Cybernetics developed many ideas that were powerful enough to challenge the religious and vitalistic traditions that had for so long protected us from changing how we viewed ourselves. These changes were so radical as to undermine cybernetics itself. So much so that the next generation of computational pioneers-the ones who aimed more purposefully toward Artificial Intelligence-set much of cybernetics aside. Let's get back to those suitcase-words (like intuition or consciousness) that all of us use to encapsulate our jumbled ideas about our minds. We use those words as suitcases in which to contain all sorts of mysteries that we can't yet explain. This in turn leads us to regard these as though they were "things" with no structures to analyze. I think this is what leads so many of us to the dogma of dualism-the idea that 'subjective' matters lie in a realm that experimental science can never reach. Many philosophers, even today, hold the strange idea that there could be a machine that works and behaves just like a brain, yet does not experience consciousness. If that were the case, then this would imply that subjective feelings do not result from the processes that occur inside brains. Therefore (so the argument goes) a feeling must be a nonphysical thing that has no causes or consequences. Surely, no such thing could ever be explained! The first thing wrong with this "argument" is that it starts by assuming what it's trying to prove. Could there actually exist a machine that is physically just like a person, but has none of that person's feelings? "Surely so," some philosophers say. "Given that feelings cannot not be physically detected, then it is 'logically possible' that some people have none." I regret to say that almost every student confronted with this can find no good reason to dissent. "Yes," they agree. "Obviously that is logically possible. Although it seems implausible, there's no way that it could be disproved." The next thing wrong is the unsupported assumption that this is even "logically possible." To be sure of that, you'd need to have proved that no sound materialistic theory could correctly explain how a brain could produce the processes that we call "subjective experience." But again, that's just what we were trying to prove. What do those philosophers say when confronted by this argument? They usually answer with statements like this: "I just can't imagine how any theory could do that." That fallacy deserves a name-something like "incompetentium". Another reason often claimed to show that consciousness can't be explained is that the sense of experience is 'irreducible.' "Experience is all or none. You either have it or you don't-and there can't be anything in between. It's an elemental attribute of mind-so it has no structure to analyze." There are two quite different reasons why "something" might seem hard to explain. One is that it appears to be elementary and irreducible-as seemed Gravity before Einstein found his new way to look at it. The opposite case is when the 'thing' is so much more complicated than you imagine it is, that you just don't see any way to begin to describe it. This, I maintain, is why consciousness seems so mysterious. It is not that there's one basic and inexplicable essence there. Instead, it's precisely the opposite. Consciousness, instead, is an enormous suitcase that contains perhaps 40 or 50 different mechanisms that are involved in a huge network of intricate interactions. The brain, after all, is built by processes that involve the activities of several tens of thousands of genes. A human brain contains several hundred different sub-organs, each of which does somewhat different things. To assert that any function of such a large system is irreducible seems irresponsible-until you're in a position to claim that you understand that system. We certainly don't understand it all now. We probably need several hundred new ideas-and we can't learn much from those who give up. We'd do better to get back to work. Why do so many philosophers insist that "subjective experience is irreducible"? Because, I suppose, like you and me, they can look at an object and "instantly know" what it is. When I look at you, I sense no intervening processes. I seem to "see" you instantly. The same for almost every word you say: I instantly seem to know what it means. When I touch your hand, you "feel it directly." It all seems so basic and immediate that there seems no room for analysis. The feelings of being seem so direct that there seems to be nothing to be explained. I think this is what leads those philosophers to believe that the connections between seeing and feeling must be inexplicable. Of course we know from neurology that there are dozens of processes that intervene between the retinal image and the structures that our brains then build to represent what we think we see. That idea of a separate world for 'subjective experience' is just an excuse for the shameful fact that we don't have adequate theories of how our brains work. This is partly because those brains have evolved without developing good representations of those processes. Indeed, there probably are good evolutionary reasons why we did not evolve machinery for accurate "insights" about ourselves. Our most powerful ways to solve problems involve highly serial processes-and if these had evolved to depend on correct representations of how they, themselves work, our ancestors would have thought too slowly to survive. 说明：文中图片就是明斯基（2008）的照片，来自网络，没有任何商业目的，仅供欣赏，特此致谢！
Dear Mr. Chengning Zhang, ID: SMCC-11-10-0474 Title: Reconsiderations on Clustering Analysis Authors: Zhang, Chengning; Zhao, Mingyang; Luo, Haibo After careful examination, I have concluded that we will not be able to publish your paper in the Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics--Part C: Applications and Reviews. This looks like an interesting work. However, your paper seems to be TOO LONG exceeding the standard number of pages significantly. For this reason we will not consider it further. Thank you for considering our Transactions as an outlet for publication of your manuscript. Sincerely, Prof. Vladimir Marik Editor-in-Chief Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics--Part C: Applications and Reviews
When I am a postgraduate student,I have heard Mrs Xu and hadthe chance to attend her English class for doctoral candidates.Just one hour's class make an deep impression on me! Mrs Xu has been teaching inNanjing PLA university of science and technology and is also a person persons in active service.As a c ommissioned p rofessor,she is outgoing 、 nimble and competent.Both double special identities make her a charming lady.She speaks so fast and fluently that you don't have anytime to be distracted.Attending her class is like warring.Ifyouwant to catch upwith her,you must pay all your attention to face with all her packets full with language points one by one.You have to focus on her class from the beginning to the end.This excited feeling can keep you free from nodding off and energetic.At the same time ,Mrs Xu is very learned and ususlly adds many interesting stories (including lately news and afew her own comments on some social phenomenon up to date)to her speech,making her speech both academic and close to daily life. I really like this style of teaching English,like the mode of New Oriental School-the hottest English Language Training Institution. After one day’s intense study I can feel a little tired but have really learned a lot. Today in Xu’s class ,she gave me a chance to do a oral practise about finding a job.I am the third one to do this task.My unperfect impromptu performance gained Mrs Xu’s recognition but I can realize my lack of vocabulary and skills of speech. Practice makes perfect.After some time without English I can feel my blunt sense of English and come on!
好不容易和敬仰的席宁老师互通了email，先赞一下席宁老师对待学生的态度，几乎是瞬间就回复了邮件，很客气的说： I would like to have a chance to chat with you over the phone. Could you please let me know what number and when it is convenient for me to call you? 兴奋之中，傻不拉几的就回复到：随时可以！ 写在这里就是希望能给自己告诫，永远别说，随时可以！ 人家问你什么时间方便，其实是一份很正式的约定，礼貌的做法是一定给出具体时间，哪怕对方不合适再修改。说随时可以就是放弃约定，对方也也就无从下手。 “随时可以”还体现出了对自己时间的不尊重，对方可不一定体谅你谦卑的心情，一旦认定你是个随意的人，自然也没有下文。 • 整理资料 找到很久前写下的话，声明一下原创。 铁杵能磨成针，但木杵只能磨成牙签，材料不对，再努力也没用 都是草,竹子可以比树长得高,芦苇也有天分,但是喝再多的水,晒再多的太阳也长不成参天大 草. 同样的一瓶饮料，便利店里卖3元，五星饭店里卖60元，很多的时候，一个人的价值取决于所 在的位置
Is there a land Maybe close to you Where I can stay And maybe wait for you A stony shore Is what I have in mind With a path Leading to a home close behind I know I will be there What about you? When you’ve caught a dream All you wanna say And make an easy promise It will always be this way But if you come Maybe I won’t show how glad I am But I would feel that promise You shouldn’t give any man I know I will be there What about you? Is there a land I won’t have to leave so fast Is there a shore That could catch me at last I know I will be there Probably you won’t no I know I will be there But you, no you won’t I know I will be there I don’t know about you I know I'll be there But what about you What about you?
"The hardest battle in life is to be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best, night and day, to make you like everybody else." -- e.e.cummings 'And yet.' Those are my two favorite words, applicable to every situation, be it happy or bleak. The sun is rising? And yet it will set. A night of anguish? And yet it, too, will pass. The important thing is to shun resignation, to refuse to wallow in sterile fatalism." -- Elie Wiesel, All Rivers Run to the Sea "Even if you're on the right track, you'll get run over if you just sit there." For I can see that in the midst of death, Life persists; in the midst of untruth, Truth persists; in the midst of darkness, Light persists. An eye for an eye will blind the world. -- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi "Courage is resistance of fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear." - Mark Twain " Some men see things as they are, and say, 'Why?' I dream of things as they never were, and ask, 'Why not?'" - George Bernard Shaw "Sometimes you have to stand alone to make sure you still can." - The Breakfast Club (i think) "It's amazing what you can accomplish when you don't care who gets the credit." - Harry S. Truman Footprints (religious) One night a woman had a dream. She dreamed she was walking along the beach with God. Across the sky flashed scenes from her life. For each scene, she noticed two sets of footprints in the sand, one belonging to her, and the other to God. When the last scene of her life flashed before her, she looked back at the footprints in the sand. She noticed that many times along the path of her life there was only one set of footprints in the sand. She also noticed that it happened at the very lowest and saddest times of her life. This really bothered her and she questioned God about it." "Lord, you said that once I decided to follow you you'd walk with me all the way. But I have noticed that during the most difficult times in my life, there is only one set of footprints. I don't understand why when I needed you most you would leave me." God replied, "My precious child, I love you and would never leave you. During your times of suffering, when you see only one set of footprints, it was then that I carried you."
To A Mr : If you dont like sciencenet.cn If you dont like sciencenet.cn, You can let it alone Or go away from it You can go away. If you home it Please love it, not destroy it You stay here , and you destroy it. What are you doing? Whats your thought? I cant support your words, actions and your strange noises about our SCI NET. You have at least three advantages but please dont disturb our home----our harmonic home, space. We need harmony ,not harm. We need horse ,but not black one. If you like to be ,you can . My friends and I DO NOT like a mouse in our milk cup. What a terrible food! If you dont like this space You can leave it, to yours. If you stay at here, Please administers your words or your mouth. Dont make pollution blogs. I dont like hack. You have hacked into SCI NET You hacked the door, the home and the space. You are not a BIG men, You may be tired. SCI NET is not the three! Please put down your axe. If you are a good guest , there will be some wine. I have had it (more than six months) I have it in for you. I dont know who write as follow, but its my favorite: I wish I can like you Like a male hawk flying the blue sky Who like his foxes, rabbits and mini mouse!
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