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Electronic dictionaries recommendation--Unix&Windows version
GoogleMIT 2012-6-28 16:12
GoldenDict - designed as a StarDict successor, it supports its format, lots of other formats (Lingvo, Babylon etc), features tabbed browsing, morphology, live pronunciations, Wikipedia and so on. The program is constantly being improved and worked on. Babiloo - a free open source software developed to read offline dictionaries. Runs on most platforms. Supports StarDict and SDictionary formats. LightLang - another system of electronic dictionaries (Linux only). Some other free, but closed-source programs: Lingoes - fast and lean, but Windows only, and supports only its own format. Dicto - supports XDXF dictionaries. Windows only. Appears to be Russian-oriented. Wordnet -developed by Princeton University. The most recent Windows version of WordNet is 2.1, released in March 2005. Version 3.0 for Unix/Linux/Solaris/etc. was released in December, 2006.
个人分类: ECNU|336 次阅读|0 个评论
gmail free calls within North America (US+Canada)
热度 1 zuojun 2012-1-22 09:48
I benefit greatly from Skype, but I don't use Skype to call anyone. Why? I guess I didn't want to use headset while talking. Yesterday, a friend in Canada tried to call me via gmail, because it's free. I was curious enough to look into it. Well, it's pretty easy. No additional headset and camera are needed. I asked my friends on mainland if they could hear me clearly, and they said yes. Hello, anyone in Canada want to talk to me? Just kidding. Oh, it's free for 2012 (because Google CEO does not know the world will end in 2012).
个人分类: From the U.S.|3251 次阅读|1 个评论
[转载]5 Free offline dictionaries for Windows
samuelrunning 2011-10-31 17:39
重装了系统,之前一直用的babylon死活也用不了了,于是便查网络,发现instantFundas网站有一篇文章介绍了几款不错的免费离线词典软件,文章如下(用鼠标猛击文章标题可转至原文,猛击词典名称可转至词典相关网页): 5 Free offline dictionaries for Windows Online dictionaries are abundant. But their biggest drawback is their dependence on an active internet connection. When the internet connection is down these dictionaries become useless. This is when offline dictionaries come helpful. So here I have compiled 5 popular and very handy free dictionaries for Windows. 1. Wordweb Free Dictionary Wordweb is probably the best freeware dictionary out there. WordWeb is available as a powerful Pro version and a cut down free version. The free version is used by millions of people from all over the world, many of whom may not be able to afford a commercial dictionary. It sits in the system tray and can be launched from within any program. Wordweb by default integrates into MS Word and gives you a one click access to it from within Word. Apart from definitions, Wordweb shows you synonyms, related words and the root of the words. Wordweb has more than 150 000 root words and 120 000 synonym sets. 2. TheSage's English Dictionary and Thesaurus TheSage's English Dictionary and Thesaurus is a professional software package that integrates a complete dictionary and multifaceted thesaurus of the English language into a single and powerful language reference system. TheSage can look up words directly from almost any program (IE, Word, Firefox, Outlook, Thunderbird, etc ) and is 100% portable. You can just copy it to your pen drive and take it along with you. TheSage allows you to look up words directly from most applications, offering multiple detailed definitions each coupled with its own thesaurus. It has over 145,000 references with multiple detailed definitions (over 200,000) and a complete thesaurus with nearly 1,200,000 relationships between definition. TheSage has a tabbed interface, which is a rage these days, and supports wildcard search which is extremely helpful. 3. Stardict Stardict is a free open source off-line dictionary program that allows you to use all those free dictionaries (at the moment more than 100 dictionaries are available).StarDict is just a dictionary shell, so when you download it you have no dictionary that comes along. You have to install dictionaries yourself. Stardict supports an interesting search concept called Fuzzy query. When you can't remember how to spell a word exactly, you can try StarDict's Fuzzy query. It uses "Levenshtein Edit Distance" to compute the similarity between two words, and gives the match results which are most similar to the word that you input. To create a fuzzy query, just input the word with a beginning "/", and then press Enter. 4. Everest Dictionary Everest Dictionary has a total of 35 dictionaries available to date. It's possible to search words across multiple dictionaries. Italso monitors the clipboard; in any program, a simple copy of the word to the clipboard using "Copy" command will launch the automatic search of the word in the dictionary. 5. tinySpell tinySpell is not exactly a dictionary, it's a spell checker. The reason I've included this on my list is because we often look upa dictionary not to learn it's meaning but to check it's spelling, don't we? Occasionally you need to check spelling in an application that does not include a spelling checker and you don't want to launch your word processor just for that. This is when tinySpell becomes handy. It is a small utility that allows you to easily and quickly check and correct the spelling in any Windows application. The most useful feature of tinyspell is it's on-the-fly spell check. tinySpell can watch your typing on the fly and alert you whenever it detects a misspelled word. It can also check the spelling of text that you copy to the clipboard. tinySpell installs itself in the system tray for easy access. It comes with an American-English dictionary containing more than 110,000 words. tinyspell is a must have addition to your (already cluttered) system tray.
个人分类: 实用工具|2210 次阅读|0 个评论
[转载] 10,000 Free Round-Trip Tickets to Japan
zuojun 2011-10-12 04:04
This is NOT an April Fool's joke. It could happen... http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/abc-blogs/10-000-free-round-trip-tickets-japan-134142507.html
个人分类: News|1637 次阅读|0 个评论
Two Earth Science textbooks can be yours, if
热度 1 zuojun 2011-9-14 13:56
you can make a good use of them, and are willing to pay for the postage. The publisher sent me copies of these two textbooks: Tarbuck/Lutgens/Tasa, Earth Science , 13/e 0-321-68850-3 Tarbuck/Lutgens/ Tasa/Pinzke, Applications and Investigations in Earth Science , 7/e 0-321-68955-0 I don't know how much it would cost to mail them to China. I am willing to carry them to Guangzhou by December 3rd, 2011.
个人分类: Education|2441 次阅读|2 个评论
自由意志3:神经科学将free will逼入了死胡同,哲学家极力挽救
热度 4 jingpeng 2011-9-3 09:49
自由意志3:神经科学将free will逼入了死胡同,哲学家极力挽救
这周的nature刊出了一个News :《taking aim at free will》.神经科学的很多发现,似乎越来越趋向于颠覆free will,而哲学家们则努力证明free will的存在,这是整个社会秩序的基石。 一般地,在行动反应前一秒,大脑已经做出了决定。然而,使用MRI技术检测大脑的活动,可以提前7秒预测出将要做的决定!对于哲学家来说,绝对是一个重大打击,普遍使用的一个free will定义是:在做决定的时刻,给定之前发生的所有事件,则仍有可能做出不同的决定。如果在做决定的时刻,通过physical的观测,就可以决定你要做哪个决定,似乎就已经颠覆了free will。但我想,这个实验还是给free will留下了空间的。假设有soul一直存在,她完全可以缓慢地make decision,与大脑中的physical world有一个交互作用,在交互作用的过程中,可以被MRI等检测技术检测到,所以能够预测将要做的决定。所以哲学家并不需要修改定义,只是做决定的时刻提前了6秒。 最后,一些心理学实验证实,受determinism的影响,人会偏向于为所欲为,不需要承担道德责任。所以,不管是主观意愿,还是社会运行需求,free will都是一个最根本的基石,希望神经科学留给她一点空间。我还是持mental body dualism的观点,除了physical world,还有一个mind的小空间,可能可以微弱地影响physical world。根据混沌的原理,初始状态的微小改变,足以带来大变化,mind和physical world的微弱作用,也足以改变我们的decision。 想起了《圣经》上,耶稣讲过的一句话:“你必晓得真理,真理必叫你得自由。(you will know the truth, the truth will set you free.)” 附nature news 2011_nature_taking aim at free will.pdf
个人分类: 哲学-自由意志|4585 次阅读|6 个评论
Free open for PDFs in the world
热度 1 Marstown 2011-6-23 16:00
如果我看的更远些,是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。 --牛顿 以下图书、期刊PDF链接均为免费开放获取(可能有重复)。精神快餐,享受吧:) 0.美国的国家学术出版社(National Academies Press,NAP) 于2011年6月2日宣布,将其出版的所有PDF版图书对所有读者免费开放下载,并且将这些图书去除DRM保护。这其中不仅包括超过4000种最新出版的图书,还包括已经提交报告将于未来一段时间出版的图书。 http://www.nap.edu/ 1.澳大利亚国立大学ANU电子出版库 http://dspace.anu.edu.au/ 2.阿德雷德大学电子文本收藏中心,包括古典文学,哲学,科学和医学著作: http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/ 3.澳大利亚数字化人文门户(澳大利亚人文学界的数字化资源门户) http://www.ehum.edu.au/ 4.科廷大学技术文献库(科廷技术大学科研人员和研究生的科研成果) http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au/R 5.墨尔本大学电子出版物收藏网 http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/eprints/ 6.昆士兰大学数字文库 http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/ 7.SETIS悉尼大学学术电子文本及图像服务 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ 8.新西兰数字文献收集网 http://nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca/cgi-bin/library 9.古腾堡数字化图书馆 http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page 10.Infomotions 西方文学/哲学网 (包括自美国/英国的文学和西方哲学公开著作) http://infomotions.com/ 11.康奈尔大学Arxiv (收藏了物理,数学,非线性科学和计算机科学方面的数字化 "预印本" 出版物) http://arxiv.org/ 12.Bartleby.com (包含世界历史百科全书,以及哈佛经典著作,提供免费的电子文本) http://www.bartleby.com/ 13.Bibliomania (提供超过2000部免费电子文献,以及研究成果) http://www.bibliomania.com/ 14.Cogprints(有各类心理学,神经科学,语言学,哲学,生物学,人类学和计算机科学电子文献, 部分区域需要注册) http://cogprints.org/ 15.印第安纳大学国际文献档案库(这是一个服务公众的全文数字图书馆,作者可以提交著作,并被连入参考文献) http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/ 16.DLESE地球系统教育数字图书馆( 涵盖了环境,地理,地质,海洋;空间科学与技术;教育方法和科学哲学内容) http://www.dlese.org/library/ 17.Elfwood(拥有超过两万部文学和艺术作品,来自超过一千五百名幻想/科幻艺术家和作家) http://www.elfwood.com/ 18.Eserver.org(收藏了大量在线智慧文学和资源,由华盛顿大学创立) http://eserver.org/ 19.IPL互联网公共图书馆 (密歇根大学信息学院的学习和教学环境) http://www.ipl.org/ 20.库尔特·斯塔博的在线图书馆(收藏了古代和现代的大量生物学著作,其中很多珍本, 可在线阅读) http://www.zum.de/ 21.麻省理工学院的开放文献网站 http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm 22.美国国家科学院在线数据据库(超过3000部科学,工程和健康卫生方面的著作,可以在线阅读,这些文献代表了美国在这些领域的研究精华) http://www.nap.edu/ 23.Ndltd.org (搜集了来自澳大利亚,加拿大,许多欧洲国家,香港,台湾和美国的论文) http://www.ndltd.org/ 24.宾夕法尼亚大学网站 (有超过 16000 部在线电子书 ,值得一读) http://digital.library.upenn.edu/books/ 25.牛津大学档案馆 (建于1976年,这里有用于研究和教学的大量高品质文献 资料公共区域可以免费在线检索目录,下载) http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/ 26.弗吉尼亚大学电子文献中心 (超过10000 部可以公开或取的著作(以及超过 164000 幅图像) http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/etext/index.html 27.Gallica.bnf.fr (法兰西国家图书馆资助的网站,法文) http://gallica.bnf.fr/ 28.世界图书馆(世界图书馆,法语) http://abu.cnam.fr/ 29.意大利电子书网站(包括小说,诗歌,古典文学,戏剧,传记,恐怖和幻想小说,新经济学等) http://www.ebookgratis.it/ 30.日本文学著作( 格式包括 HTML , ZIP(下载)和日文电子书格式) http://www.aozora.gr.jp/ 31.今日美国开放图书计划 (一家报纸网站的独立部门,一些有名的小说家开放了他们的版权,供所有的访客阅) http://www.usatoday.com/life/books/openbooks/2005-02-01-abounding-gutter_x.htm 32.英语文学网站 (超过一千位学生为这个巨大的网站捐助成果,焦点是英语文学) http://www.litencyc.com/ 33.计算机程序设计电子书 (包括:Abap, Java, Linux, Php, Oracle Vb.net 。 PDF 格式。注意,在下载之前,需先建立一个账户) http://www.downloadfreepdf.com/ 34.数学世界 (为学生,教育家,数学爱好者和研究者准备的全面地数学百科全书) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ 35.在线医学百科全书 (超过1500主题的在线医学百科全书,包括康复,疾病,伤害,营养,手术,症状,试验) http://www.healthopedia.com/ 36.医生的免费电子书(免费使用的医学电子书) http://freebooks4doctors.com/ 37.奥地利文献 (超过12000 部奥地利文献,甚至包括明信片,可以在因特网上访问) http://www.literature.at/default.alo;jsessionid=453DD0DC127BBBB02C863B1887F76E28 38.GPO Access(美国政府文献) http://www.access.gpo.gov/ 39.世界最大的社会科学文献网站(ICPSR) (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research) http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/ 40.National Academy Press (美国国家科学院、国家工程院、医学协会等机构的论文/报告/PPT,内容几乎涵盖所有学科) http://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/ 41.UNESCO (联合国教科文组织提供的文档,包含自然科学与社会科学,有多种语言,包括中文) http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/ 42.香港科技大学图书馆Dspace http://repository.ust.hk/dspace 包括香港科技大学的学术论文、学位论文、研究报告等内容,均可免费获取全文。 43.Openj-gate 提供4350种开放获取的期刊的数百万期刊全文文献。 http://www.openj-gate.org/ 44.加利福尼亚大学国际和区域数字馆藏 http://repositories.cdlib.org/escholarship/ 加利福尼亚大学国际和区域数字馆藏研究项目。eScholarshipRepository主要提供已出版的期刊论文、未出版的研究手稿、会议文献以及其他连接出版物上的文章1万多篇,均可免费阅读。 45.剑桥大学机构知识库 http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/ 由Cambridge University Library和University Computing Service维护,提供剑桥大学相关的期刊、学术论文、学位论文等电子资源。 46.发展中国家联合期刊库 http://www.bioline.org.br/ 非营利的电子出版物服务机构,提供来自发展中国家(如巴西、古巴、印度、印尼、肯尼亚、南非、乌干达、 津巴布韦等)的开放获取的多种期刊的全文。 47.美国密西根大学论文库 http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/index.jsp 美国密西根大学论文库2万多篇期刊论文、技术报告、评论等文献全文。包含艺术学、生物学、社会科学、资源环境学等学科的相关论文,另还有博硕士论文。标识为OPEN的可以打开全文。 48.CERN Document Server http://cdsweb.cern.ch/ 主要覆盖物理学(particle physics)及相关学科,提供360,000多篇全文文献,包括预印文献、期刊论文、图书、图片、学位论文等等。 49.ArXiv http://arxiv.org/ ArXiv是属于Cornell University的非盈利教育机构,面向物理学、数学、非线性科学、计算机科学和定量生物学等学科提供16种免费电子期刊的访问。 50.NASA Technical Reports Server http://ntrs.nasa.gov/?method=browse 主要是关于航空航天领域研究的科技报告和会议论文。 51.National Service Center for Environmental Publications http://www.epa.gov/ncepihom/ National Service Center for Environmental Publications提供的是美国环境保护总署(EPA)出版物。可以通过EPA出版号或题名检索EPA National Publications Catalog。 52.Energy Citations Database http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/ 提供美国能源部的科技信息摘要。学科范围:材料科学、环境科学、计算机、能源和物理。文献类型包括期刊论文、学位论文、研究报告和专利。 53.网上免费全文期刊FullText http://www.freefulltext.com/ FreeFullText.com提供7000多种学术期刊的免费全文获取。 54.PMC(PubMed Centeral) http://www.pubmedcentral.org/ 美国NCBI(美国国家生物技术信息中心)建立的数字化生命科学期刊文献集,S现提供50余种生物医学期刊免费全文 55.DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) http://www.doaj.org/ 免费的全文科技学术期刊。现有2752种期刊,其中830种可以全文搜索。目前有140307篇文章。 56.HighWire Press http://intl.highwire.org 斯坦福大学图书馆的分支机构——HighWire出版社,拥有最大的免费期刊数据库,在线提供916种免费期刊和1,149,216篇全文 57.University of Tennessee, Knoxville http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/utj/jei-home.php 田纳西大学的经济学杂志,包括2000年至2002年三年共12期的免费期刊。 58.The Electronic Library of Mathematics http://emis.math.ecnu.edu.cn/journals/ 欧洲数学会电子图书馆,提供了期刊、会议、论文集、专著、演讲、软件等资源。并提供期刊和电子版图书的全文浏览。非电子版图书提供前言、摘要、目录和书评等内容。特别地,在经典著作栏目内,目前可检索到哈密尔顿和黎曼的经典论文的全文。 59.Science.gov http://www.science.gov/ 美国“科学”网站收录内容以研究与开发报告为主,所有的信息均免费使用,也不必注册,但是通过这些站点链接的有些信息是限制使用或有条件使用的。 60.ERIC教育资源信息中心 http://www.eric.ed.gov/ 美国教育部资助的网站系列和世界上最大的教育资源数据库,其中包括各种文档以及教育研究与实践方面的论文摘要,这些摘要超过了一百万篇,收录980多种教育及和教育相关的期刊文献的题录和文摘。部分资源可查找到全文 61.PLoS公共科学图书馆 http://www.plos.org/ PLOS是一家由众多诺贝尔奖得主和慈善机构支持的非赢利性学术组织,旨在推广世界各地的科学和医学领域的最新研究成果,使其成为一种公众资源,科学家、医生、病人和学生可以通过这样一个不受限制的平台来了解最新的科研动态。PLoS出版了8种生命科学与医学领域的期刊,可以免费获取全文。 62.Journal of Statistical Software http://www.jstatsoft.org/ 由美国统计协会出版的《统计软件杂志》,提供1996年至今20卷的内容。可以免费获取全文。 63.Social Science Research Network http://www.ssrn.com/ 社会科学(经济类)研究论文数据库,部分提供全文。 64.Max Planck Society http://www.livingreviews.org 德国马普学会,该学会创办了3种开放存取杂志: (1)Living Reviews in Relativity ISSN 1433-8351 http://relativity.livingreviews.org/ (2)Living Reviews in Solar Physics ISSN 1614-4961 http://solarphysics.livingreviews.org/ (3)Living Reviews in European Governance ISSN: 1813-856X http://europeangovernance.livingreviews.org/ 65.Networked Computer Science Technical Reference Library(NCSTRL) http://www.ncstrl.org/ 网络计算机参考图书馆,由文安德鲁梅隆基金会、联合信息网络、数字图书馆联盟、美国国家科学基金会等支持,英特网上开放式的计算机科学研究报告和论文库。提供高级检索和简单检索,原文格式需根据要求,下载相应的阅读器软件。 66.世界银行报告 http://www-wds.worldbank.org 汇集了27000篇银行报告 67.IPCC-全变变化研究中心 http://www.ipcc.ch/ 68.资源描述 Worcester Polytechnic Institute http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/ 69.伍斯特工学院:包括670余篇学位论文。涵盖生物、电子、计算机、材料、物理、机械等学科。 The university of Nottingham http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/ 70.诺丁汉大学的论文数据库。含131篇免费硕博论文,涵盖医学、艺术、教育、法学、工学等学科。 Australian Digital Theses Program http://adt.caul.edu.au 71.澳洲数字论文计划,由澳洲大学图书馆员协会发起。包含澳洲40余所大学的15440篇硕博论文,涵盖各个学科。 University of South Florida http://www.lib.usf.edu/cgi-bin/ETD-db/ETD-...D-search/search 72.南佛罗里达大学的989篇电子版博硕论文,涵盖地理学、医学、电子学等学科的内容。其中绝大部分可以在线免费获取全文。 Virginia Commonwealth University http://etd.vcu.edu/ETD-db/ETD-search/search 73.弗吉尼亚公共资产大学的768篇博硕论文,包括化学、生物、医学、会计学、艺术、语言、工学、教育等学科。其中614篇可以在线免费获取全文。 The Pennsylvania State University's electronic Theses and Dissertations Archives http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/ETD-db/ETD-search/search 74.宾夕法尼亚州大学电子论文库,包含1848篇全文,涵盖材料学、教育学、工学、法学、医学、航空、经济、化工、建筑等各个学科。可在线免费获取。 North Carolina State University http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/ETD-db/ETD-search/search 75.北卡罗来纳州州立大学的3937篇免费博硕论文,涵盖了化学、物理学、电子电气、核能、机械、材料、食品、林业、土壤等各学科。 University of Pretoria : Electronic Theses and Dissertations http://upetd.up.ac.za/ 76.比勒陀利亚大学的电子学位论文,含3000多篇电子博硕论文,涵盖社会学、食品、建筑、经济、信息、生化、教育、管理、心理学、法学等学科,其中2876篇可免费获取全文。 Ohio State University http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/search.cgi 77.俄亥俄州立大学电子学位论文。含12677条记录,索引更新及时,还可在线翻译成中文,涵盖机械、电子、管理、哲学、化学、环境学、材料、数学、物理等学科,可免费获取 University of Tennessee, Knoxville http://diglib.lib.utk.edu/cgi/b/ ... =etd-bib;page=index 78.田纳西大学电子学位论文。含1500余篇免费硕博论文,涵盖理学、工学、农学等学科的86个分支。 The Institute for Systems Research http://techreports.isr.umd.edu/ARCHIVE/ 79.系统研究学会ISR的技术研究报告库。收录自1985年到2007年的近3000篇研究报告。内容包括网络安全、移动和网络传感、信号处理、系统控制、航空管理等。 M.I.T. Theses and E-Theses Online http://library.mit.edu/F?func=find-b-0 80.澳大利亚硕博论文 http://adt.caul.edu.au/ 参考: http://www.douban.com/group/topic/20627559/ http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthreadtid=89787
5452 次阅读|1 个评论
VC6调试版本C运行库内存申请的一个bug
热度 1 majian 2011-4-21 14:47
这两天调程序,遇到一个莫名奇妙的错误,程序总是在运行很长一段时间后崩溃,但是在两台机器上显示错误提示,一台机器上显示是否调试。 很无语的调了两三天了,一直没进展,最早怀疑是内存泄露的原因,后来下载了vld一点点的调,没有内存泄露了,程序照样出问题,郁闷啊。 今天早上在这台机器上发现,每次崩溃实际上都是调用了int 3中断,于是开始研究汇编,转了半天,发现晕了,上网搜,结果发现了下面这篇文章,让我ft,竟然是vc6的调试版bug ================================================================= VC调试版本C运行库内存申请的一个bug 遇到过一个通信方面的软件,需要长期运行,做压力测试时,高负荷连续运行一定天数时必定崩溃,而且都是在msvcrtd.dll中崩溃。负责维护的人百思不得其解,就去问微软的人,结果微软的人说这是VC6带的msvcrtd.dll的一个问题,VC2005已经没有这个问题了,请升级到新的版本。这个软件规模比较大,依赖于很多库,后台都是用VC6编译的调试版本,为了方便定位问题,没有Release版本。升级到VC2005后会不会出现别的问题,没有人敢冒这个风险,于是没有使用VC2005。 闲着没事的时候分析了一下,才发现问题其实很简单。msvcrtd.dll对每次内存申请都进行计数,当计数值达到设定的某个值时,就会调用_CrtDbgBreak()。MSDN对_CrtDbgBreak的说明是:Sets a break point on a particular line of code,其实_CrtDbgBreak在X86下只有一条指令就是int 3(0xCC)。 在dbgheap.c中定义了下面两个变量: static long _lRequestCurr = 1; /* Current request number */ extern "C" _CRTIMP long _crtBreakAlloc = -1L; /* Break on allocation by request number */ _lRequestCurr表示当前的申请次数,_crtBreakAlloc表示当内存申请次数达到某个值时break,即调用_CrtDbgBreak。详情可参考debugheap.c中的_heap_alloc_dbg_impl函数: lRequest = _lRequestCurr; /* break into debugger at specific memory allocation */ if (_crtBreakAlloc != -1L lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc) _CrtDbgBreak(); VC6附带的dbgheap.c中没有添加_crtBreakAlloc != -1L的判断,而是: if (lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc) _CrtDbgBreak(); _lRequestCurr初始化为1,每次申请内存都加1,当_lRequestCurr为-1时在VC6的dbgheap.c中就会触发int 3导致程序退出,而在新的版本中添加了_crtBreakAlloc != -1L的判断,所以默认的情况下是不会触发int 3 退出的。 可以通过调用_CrtSetBreakAlloc设置_crtBreakAlloc的值,当我们设置了新的_crtBreakAlloc,而且_crtBreakAlloc等于_lRequestCurr时就会触发int 3。 弄清楚了问题的所在,我们就可以着手解决问题了。VC6的dbgheap.c中有两个地方判断了lRequest 是否与_crtBreakAlloc相等,相等后执行指令int 3。我们不用复杂的处理,把int 3替换为nop(0x90)指令即可。首先得到“if (_crtBreakAlloc != -1L lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc)” 对应的二进制指令,用UE打开msvcrtd.dll,使用16进制编辑模式,查找得到的二进制指令,发现确实只有二处,把紧接着它们的0xCC替换为0x90,问题解决。 本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处: http://blog.csdn.net/someonea/archive/2008/03/29/2229183.aspx ================================================ 问题还不算完,我可以用release版运算,但是总去搞release版也麻烦啊 不知道哪位大侠能告诉我 首先得到“if (_crtBreakAlloc != -1L lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc)” 对应的二进制指令 这个指令是啥么? 调程序的时候还发现介绍检测内存泄露的一篇好的博客: 关于MFC下检查和消除内存泄露的技巧 摘要 本文分析了Windows环境使用MFC调试内存泄露的技术,介绍了在Windows环境下用VC++查找,定位和消除内存泄露的方法技巧。 关键词:VC++;CRT 调试堆函数;试探法。 编译环境 VC++6.0 技术原理 检测内存泄漏的主要工具是调试器和 CRT 调试堆函数。若要启用调试堆函数,请在程序中包括以下语句: #define CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC #include stdlib.h #include crtdbg.h 注意 #include 语句必须采用上文所示顺序。如果更改了顺序,所使用的函数可能无法正确工作。 通过包括 crtdbg.h,将 malloc 和 free 函数映射到其“Debug”版本_malloc_dbg 和_free_dbg,这些函数将跟踪内存分配和释放。此映射只在调试版本(在其中定义了 _DEBUG)中发生。发布版本使用普通的 malloc 和 free 函数。 #define 语句将 CRT 堆函数的基版本映射到对应的“Debug”版本。并非绝对需要该语句,但如果没有该语句,内存泄漏转储包含的有用信息将较少。 在添加了上面所示语句之后,可以通过在程序中包括以下语句来转储内存泄漏信息: _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks(); 当在调试器下运行程序时,_CrtDumpMemoryLeaks 将在“输出”窗口中显示内存泄漏信息。内存泄漏信息如下所示: Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - C:PROGRAM FILESVISUAL STUDIOMyProjectsleaktestleaktest.cpp(20) : {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data:          CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. 如果不使用 #define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC 语句,内存泄漏转储如下所示: Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. 未定义 _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC 时,所显示的会是: 内存分配编号(在大括号内)。 块类型(普通、客户端或 CRT)。 十六进制形式的内存位置。 以字节为单位的块大小。 前 16 字节的内容(亦为十六进制)。 定义了 _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC 时,还会显示在其中分配泄漏的内存的文件。文件名后括号中的数字(本示例中为 20)是该文件内的行号。 转到源文件中分配内存的行 在"输出"窗口中双击包含文件名和行号的行。 -或- 在"输出"窗口中选择包含文件名和行号的行,然后按 F4 键。 _CrtSetDbgFlag 如果程序总在同一位置退出,则调用 _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks 足够方便,但如果程序可以从多个位置退出该怎么办呢?不要在每个可能的出口放置一个对 _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks 的调用,可以在程序开始包括以下调用: _CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF ); 该语句在程序退出时自动调用 _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks。必须同时设置 _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF 和 _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF 两个位域,如上所示。 说明 在VC++6.0的环境下,不再需要额外的添加 #define CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC #include stdlib.h #include crtdbg.h 只需要按F5,在调试状态下运行,程序退出后在"输出窗口"可以看到有无内存泄露。如果出现 Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - 就有内存泄露。 确定内存泄露的地方 根据内存泄露的报告,有两种消除的方法: 第一种比较简单,就是已经把内存泄露映射到源文件的,可以直接在"输出"窗口中双击包含文件名和行号的行。例如 Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - C:PROGRAM FILESVISUAL STUDIOMyProjectsleaktestleaktest.cpp(20) : {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. C:PROGRAM FILESVISUAL STUDIOMyProjectsleaktestleaktest.cpp(20) 就是源文件名称和行号。 第二种比较麻烦,就是不能映射到源文件的,只有内存分配块号。 Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete.   这种情况我采用一种"试探法"。由于内存分配的块号不是固定不变的,而是每次运行都是变化的,所以跟踪起来很麻烦。但是我发现虽然内存分配的块号是变化的,但是变化的块号却总是那几个,也就是说多运行几次,内存分配的块号很可能会重复。因此这就是"试探法"的基础。 先在调试状态下运行几次程序,观察内存分配的块号是哪几个值; 选择出现次数最多的块号来设断点,在代码中设置内存分配断点: 添加如下一行(对于第 18 个内存分配): _crtBreakAlloc = 18; 或者,可以使用具有同样效果的 _CrtSetBreakAlloc 函数: _CrtSetBreakAlloc(18); 在调试状态下运行序,在断点停下时,打开"调用堆栈"窗口,找到对应的源代码处; 退出程序,观察"输出窗口"的内存泄露报告,看实际内存分配的块号是不是和预设值相同,如果相同,就找到了;如果不同,就重复步骤3,直到相同。 最后就是根据具体情况,在适当的位置释放所分配的内存。
个人分类: 技术|7853 次阅读|2 个评论
链表删除过程
majian 2011-4-21 10:52
c里面的malloc和free的应该一一对应,开辟了一个就要释放一个,因此,对于动态创建的链接,进行删除操作的基本步骤如下: 第一步,获得第一个节点的地址。 第二步,根据第一个节点获得第二个节点地址。 第三步,调用free函数释放第一个节点。 第四步,根据二个节点获得第三个节点地址。 第五步,调用free函数释放第二个节点。 第六步,以此类推从头到尾删除所有的对象。 struct Node { …… struct Node * Next; /*下一对象的位置*/ }; void RemoveAll(struct Node *List) { struct Node *pHead=NULL; struct Node *pOne=NULL; pOne= List; while(pOne-Next!=NULL) { pPrevOne=pOne; pOne=pOne-Next; free(pPrevOne); } }
个人分类: 技术|4646 次阅读|0 个评论
Is Writing Online Without Pay Worth It?
热度 1 zuojun 2011-2-19 16:31
The answer is YES, YES, YES, for all of us who blog at SciNet.cn. For one thing, how else can I learn so much about the true China while sitting inside a small “box” on an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean? Link to NPR's report is here: http://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/133759724/is-writing-online-without-pay-worth-it
个人分类: I Love NPR|2185 次阅读|1 个评论
[转载]Free events at Punahou School in Honolulu
zuojun 2011-2-19 10:22
Friday, February 25, 7 p.m. Academy Concerto Concert. Dillingham Hall. Free admission. Saturday, February 26, 7 p.m. Academy Jazz Band Concert and Dance. Dole Hall. Free admission. Location: 1601 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI 96822
个人分类: Uniquely Hawaii|1479 次阅读|0 个评论
[转载]Who says there is no free lunch in the U.S.?
热度 1 zuojun 2011-1-21 04:25
You may go to college for free in the U.S. (though lunch money is not included). The Most Affordable Colleges in America http://financiallyfit.yahoo.com/finance/article-111796-8053-5-the-most-affordable-colleges-in-america?ywaad=ad0035nc
个人分类: From the U.S.|1451 次阅读|2 个评论
[转载]Free access to selected articles from 2010 Nobel Prize Winne
xupeiyang 2010-11-3 07:46
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/P04.cws_home/main Dear Xu Peiyang, Elsevier congratulates Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki on being awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis. The scientists were honored for discovering more efficient ways of linking carbon atoms together to build the complex molecules that are improving our everyday lives. Palladium catalysts in general have higher chemical yields and higher functional group tolerance. Palladium-catalyzed cross couplings are an investigative chemical tool that has vastly improved the opportunities for chemists to create sophisticated chemicals, directly enhancing product development in pharmaceutical and electronics industries, for example. The Reactions in brief: The Heck coupling is the palladium catalysed carbon-carbon coupling between halides and activated alkenes in the presence of a base. Richard F. Heck, Professor at the University of Delaware, has published in Inorganica Chimica Acta , the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry and Tetrahedron Letters . The Negishi coupling is the palladium cross coupling reaction which uses an organozinc compound, and an organic halide to produce a new carbon-carbon covalent bond. Ei-ichi Negishi, Professor at Purdue University has published in Heterocycles , Inorganica Chimica Acta , the Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical , the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry , Polyhedron , Tetrahedron , Tetrahedron Asymmetry and Tetrahedron Letters . The Suzuki coupling is the palladium-catalysed cross coupling between organoboronic acids and halides. Akira Suzuki, Professor at Hokkaido University published one of his first papers on Pd coupling, in Tetrahedron Letters . He has also published in the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry and Tetrahedron . In recognition of the importance of their work, we are pleased to offer free access to a selection of articles that Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki have published with Elsevier. View the articles directly on ScienceDirect via the links below or access their article pdfs . Richard F. Heck Palladium catalyzed synthesis of aryl, heterocyclic and vinylic acetylene derivatives (1975) Journal of Organometallic Chemistry ,93(2),pp.259-263; Dieck, H.A., Heck, F.R. Ei-ichi Negishi Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reaction of alkynylzincs with benzylic electrophiles (2005) Tetrahedron Letters , 46 (16), pp. 2927-2930. Qian, M., Negishi, E.-I. Palladium-catalyzed or -promoted reductive carbon-carbon coupling. Effects of phosphines and carbon ligands (1987) Journal of Organometallic Chemistry , 334 (1-2), pp. 181-194; Negishi, E.-i., Takahashi, T., Akiyoshi, K. A convenient synthesis of unsymmetrical bibenzyls homoallylarenes, and homopropargylarenes via palladium-catalyzed cross coupling (1983) Tetrahedron Letters,24 (36),pp. 3823-3824; Ei-ichi Negishi, Hajime Matsushita, Makoto Kobayashi, Cynthia L. Rand. Highly selective synthesis of allylated arenes and diarylmethanes via palladium-catalyzed cross coupling involving benzylic derivatives (1981)Tetrahedron Letters,22 (29), pp. 2715-2718; Ei-ichi Negishi, Hajime Matsushita, Nobuhisa Okukado Akira Suzuki A new stereospecific cross-coupling by the palladium-catalyzed reaction of 1-alkenylboranes with 1-alkenyl or 1-alkynyl halides (1979) Tetrahedron Letters , 20 (36), pp. 3437-3440; Miyaura, N., Yamada, K., Suzuki, A. Cross-coupling reactions of 1-alkenylboranes with 3,4-epoxy-1-butene catalyzed by palladium or nickel complexes (1982)Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,233 (2), pp. C13-C16; Miyaura N, Tanabe Y, Suginome H, et al . A stereospecific synthesis of conjugated ( E , Z )- and ( Z , Z )-alikadienes by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-alkenylboranes with 1-alkenyl bromides (1981) Tetrahedron Letters,22(2), pp. 127-130 ; Miyaura, N., Suginome, H., Suzuki, A. Richard F. Heck Ei-ichi Negishi Akira Suzuki For more information on Elsevier's Chemistry Journals: www.elsevier.com/chemistry Data Protection Notice: This e-mail has been sent to xupeiyang@vip.163.com from Elsevier Science Technology Journals, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, using smartFOCUS DIGITAL technology and platform. To ensure delivery to your inbox (not bulk or junk folders), please click here to add our address to your safe senders list. You are receiving this e-mail from us because you are a registered user of the Elsevier-Alerts microsite or were a registered user of Elsevier's Chemweb platform and in the belief that it will be of interest. 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个人分类: 科学杂志|2614 次阅读|0 个评论
[转载]Nature Immunology FREE Poster on Understanding IFN-β and MS
xupeiyang 2010-11-2 20:47
Nature Immunology FREE Poster on Therapeutic effects of interferon- for multiple sclerosis: emergence of molecular mechanisms http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4m=35942853r=Mzg0ODUxNzc1NgS2b=2j=ODU2MzMwOTMS1mt=1rt=0 Although interferon-beta (IFN-) is an approved treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), the molecular mechanisms by which this cytokine influences the disease course are unclear. Recent data have shown that IFN- works on several levels to inhibit the MS disease process; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting cell trafficking to the inflamed CNS, inhibiting antigen presentation and modulating the TH17 response. This poster provides an overview of these recent developments in understanding IFN- treatment of MS. The poster can be downloaded free by clicking this link: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8m=35942853r=Mzg0ODUxNzc1NgS2b=2j=ODU2MzMwOTMS1mt=1rt=0 All current subscribers of Nature Immunology will receive a full-size printed copy of the poster. To become a subscriber and avail of all user benefits including print and online access to Nature Immunology and special supplements, click on the subscribe link below for your special 20% discount. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18m=35942853r=Mzg0ODUxNzc1NgS2b=2j=ODU2MzMwOTMS1mt=1rt=0 Produced with support from PBL InterferonSource http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11m=35942853r=Mzg0ODUxNzc1NgS2b=2j=ODU2MzMwOTMS1mt=1rt=0 * Offer ends December 31, 2010. This offer is available to new subscribers only, and excludes residents of Japan, Korea and China. To place an order in Japan, Korea and China, please email: mailto:subscriptions@naturejpn.com or visit http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15m=35942853r=Mzg0ODUxNzc1NgS2b=2j=ODU2MzMwOTMS1mt=1rt=0 for subscription rates. ****************************************************************** As a registered user of Nature Publishing Group's Web sites, our database indicates that you have opted-in to receive product information and special offers. If you no longer wish to receive these e-mails or to discontinue all e-mail services from Nature Publishing Group please update your online account. Modify My Account (You will need to log in to be recognised as a Nature.com registrant) http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10m=35942853r=Mzg0ODUxNzc1NgS2b=2j=ODU2MzMwOTMS1mt=1rt=0 For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department mailto:registration@nature.com For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscriptions department mailto:subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department mailto:feedback@nature.com Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick St Fl 9 | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London Paris Munich New Delhi Tokyo Melbourne San Diego San Francisco Washington New York Boston Hong Kong Gurgaon Mexico City Basingstoke Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. 2010 Nature Publishing Group
个人分类: 自然杂志|2093 次阅读|0 个评论
免费医学期刊已达1709种(Free Medical Journals)
XUPEIYANG 2010-9-18 10:17
全部免费医学期刊见 http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/ Free Medical Journals - Over the next years, the most important medical journals will be available online, free and in full-text. The unrestricted access to scientific knowledge - the new standard in medical publishing - will have a major impact on medical practice.