GoldenDict - designed as a StarDict successor, it supports its format, lots of other formats (Lingvo, Babylon etc), features tabbed browsing, morphology, live pronunciations, Wikipedia and so on. The program is constantly being improved and worked on. Babiloo - a free open source software developed to read offline dictionaries. Runs on most platforms. Supports StarDict and SDictionary formats. LightLang - another system of electronic dictionaries (Linux only). Some other free, but closed-source programs: Lingoes - fast and lean, but Windows only, and supports only its own format. Dicto - supports XDXF dictionaries. Windows only. Appears to be Russian-oriented. Wordnet -developed by Princeton University. The most recent Windows version of WordNet is 2.1, released in March 2005. Version 3.0 for Unix/Linux/Solaris/etc. was released in December, 2006.
I benefit greatly from Skype, but I don't use Skype to call anyone. Why? I guess I didn't want to use headset while talking. Yesterday, a friend in Canada tried to call me via gmail, because it's free. I was curious enough to look into it. Well, it's pretty easy. No additional headset and camera are needed. I asked my friends on mainland if they could hear me clearly, and they said yes. Hello, anyone in Canada want to talk to me? Just kidding. Oh, it's free for 2012 (because Google CEO does not know the world will end in 2012).
重装了系统,之前一直用的babylon死活也用不了了,于是便查网络,发现instantFundas网站有一篇文章介绍了几款不错的免费离线词典软件,文章如下(用鼠标猛击文章标题可转至原文,猛击词典名称可转至词典相关网页): 5 Free offline dictionaries for Windows Online dictionaries are abundant. But their biggest drawback is their dependence on an active internet connection. When the internet connection is down these dictionaries become useless. This is when offline dictionaries come helpful. So here I have compiled 5 popular and very handy free dictionaries for Windows. 1. Wordweb Free Dictionary Wordweb is probably the best freeware dictionary out there. WordWeb is available as a powerful Pro version and a cut down free version. The free version is used by millions of people from all over the world, many of whom may not be able to afford a commercial dictionary. It sits in the system tray and can be launched from within any program. Wordweb by default integrates into MS Word and gives you a one click access to it from within Word. Apart from definitions, Wordweb shows you synonyms, related words and the root of the words. Wordweb has more than 150 000 root words and 120 000 synonym sets. 2. TheSage's English Dictionary and Thesaurus TheSage's English Dictionary and Thesaurus is a professional software package that integrates a complete dictionary and multifaceted thesaurus of the English language into a single and powerful language reference system. TheSage can look up words directly from almost any program (IE, Word, Firefox, Outlook, Thunderbird, etc ) and is 100% portable. You can just copy it to your pen drive and take it along with you. TheSage allows you to look up words directly from most applications, offering multiple detailed definitions each coupled with its own thesaurus. It has over 145,000 references with multiple detailed definitions (over 200,000) and a complete thesaurus with nearly 1,200,000 relationships between definition. TheSage has a tabbed interface, which is a rage these days, and supports wildcard search which is extremely helpful. 3. Stardict Stardict is a free open source off-line dictionary program that allows you to use all those free dictionaries (at the moment more than 100 dictionaries are available).StarDict is just a dictionary shell, so when you download it you have no dictionary that comes along. You have to install dictionaries yourself. Stardict supports an interesting search concept called Fuzzy query. When you can't remember how to spell a word exactly, you can try StarDict's Fuzzy query. It uses "Levenshtein Edit Distance" to compute the similarity between two words, and gives the match results which are most similar to the word that you input. To create a fuzzy query, just input the word with a beginning "/", and then press Enter. 4. Everest Dictionary Everest Dictionary has a total of 35 dictionaries available to date. It's possible to search words across multiple dictionaries. Italso monitors the clipboard; in any program, a simple copy of the word to the clipboard using "Copy" command will launch the automatic search of the word in the dictionary. 5. tinySpell tinySpell is not exactly a dictionary, it's a spell checker. The reason I've included this on my list is because we often look upa dictionary not to learn it's meaning but to check it's spelling, don't we? Occasionally you need to check spelling in an application that does not include a spelling checker and you don't want to launch your word processor just for that. This is when tinySpell becomes handy. It is a small utility that allows you to easily and quickly check and correct the spelling in any Windows application. The most useful feature of tinyspell is it's on-the-fly spell check. tinySpell can watch your typing on the fly and alert you whenever it detects a misspelled word. It can also check the spelling of text that you copy to the clipboard. tinySpell installs itself in the system tray for easy access. It comes with an American-English dictionary containing more than 110,000 words. tinyspell is a must have addition to your (already cluttered) system tray.
you can make a good use of them, and are willing to pay for the postage. The publisher sent me copies of these two textbooks: Tarbuck/Lutgens/Tasa, Earth Science , 13/e 0-321-68850-3 Tarbuck/Lutgens/ Tasa/Pinzke, Applications and Investigations in Earth Science , 7/e 0-321-68955-0 I don't know how much it would cost to mail them to China. I am willing to carry them to Guangzhou by December 3rd, 2011.
这周的nature刊出了一个News :《taking aim at free will》.神经科学的很多发现,似乎越来越趋向于颠覆free will,而哲学家们则努力证明free will的存在,这是整个社会秩序的基石。 一般地,在行动反应前一秒,大脑已经做出了决定。然而,使用MRI技术检测大脑的活动,可以提前7秒预测出将要做的决定!对于哲学家来说,绝对是一个重大打击,普遍使用的一个free will定义是:在做决定的时刻,给定之前发生的所有事件,则仍有可能做出不同的决定。如果在做决定的时刻,通过physical的观测,就可以决定你要做哪个决定,似乎就已经颠覆了free will。但我想,这个实验还是给free will留下了空间的。假设有soul一直存在,她完全可以缓慢地make decision,与大脑中的physical world有一个交互作用,在交互作用的过程中,可以被MRI等检测技术检测到,所以能够预测将要做的决定。所以哲学家并不需要修改定义,只是做决定的时刻提前了6秒。 最后,一些心理学实验证实,受determinism的影响,人会偏向于为所欲为,不需要承担道德责任。所以,不管是主观意愿,还是社会运行需求,free will都是一个最根本的基石,希望神经科学留给她一点空间。我还是持mental body dualism的观点,除了physical world,还有一个mind的小空间,可能可以微弱地影响physical world。根据混沌的原理,初始状态的微小改变,足以带来大变化,mind和physical world的微弱作用,也足以改变我们的decision。 想起了《圣经》上,耶稣讲过的一句话:“你必晓得真理,真理必叫你得自由。(you will know the truth, the truth will set you free.)” 附nature news 2011_nature_taking aim at free will.pdf
这两天调程序,遇到一个莫名奇妙的错误,程序总是在运行很长一段时间后崩溃,但是在两台机器上显示错误提示,一台机器上显示是否调试。 很无语的调了两三天了,一直没进展,最早怀疑是内存泄露的原因,后来下载了vld一点点的调,没有内存泄露了,程序照样出问题,郁闷啊。 今天早上在这台机器上发现,每次崩溃实际上都是调用了int 3中断,于是开始研究汇编,转了半天,发现晕了,上网搜,结果发现了下面这篇文章,让我ft,竟然是vc6的调试版bug ================================================================= VC调试版本C运行库内存申请的一个bug 遇到过一个通信方面的软件,需要长期运行,做压力测试时,高负荷连续运行一定天数时必定崩溃,而且都是在msvcrtd.dll中崩溃。负责维护的人百思不得其解,就去问微软的人,结果微软的人说这是VC6带的msvcrtd.dll的一个问题,VC2005已经没有这个问题了,请升级到新的版本。这个软件规模比较大,依赖于很多库,后台都是用VC6编译的调试版本,为了方便定位问题,没有Release版本。升级到VC2005后会不会出现别的问题,没有人敢冒这个风险,于是没有使用VC2005。 闲着没事的时候分析了一下,才发现问题其实很简单。msvcrtd.dll对每次内存申请都进行计数,当计数值达到设定的某个值时,就会调用_CrtDbgBreak()。MSDN对_CrtDbgBreak的说明是:Sets a break point on a particular line of code,其实_CrtDbgBreak在X86下只有一条指令就是int 3(0xCC)。 在dbgheap.c中定义了下面两个变量: static long _lRequestCurr = 1; /* Current request number */ extern "C" _CRTIMP long _crtBreakAlloc = -1L; /* Break on allocation by request number */ _lRequestCurr表示当前的申请次数,_crtBreakAlloc表示当内存申请次数达到某个值时break,即调用_CrtDbgBreak。详情可参考debugheap.c中的_heap_alloc_dbg_impl函数: lRequest = _lRequestCurr; /* break into debugger at specific memory allocation */ if (_crtBreakAlloc != -1L lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc) _CrtDbgBreak(); VC6附带的dbgheap.c中没有添加_crtBreakAlloc != -1L的判断,而是: if (lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc) _CrtDbgBreak(); _lRequestCurr初始化为1,每次申请内存都加1,当_lRequestCurr为-1时在VC6的dbgheap.c中就会触发int 3导致程序退出,而在新的版本中添加了_crtBreakAlloc != -1L的判断,所以默认的情况下是不会触发int 3 退出的。 可以通过调用_CrtSetBreakAlloc设置_crtBreakAlloc的值,当我们设置了新的_crtBreakAlloc,而且_crtBreakAlloc等于_lRequestCurr时就会触发int 3。 弄清楚了问题的所在,我们就可以着手解决问题了。VC6的dbgheap.c中有两个地方判断了lRequest 是否与_crtBreakAlloc相等,相等后执行指令int 3。我们不用复杂的处理,把int 3替换为nop(0x90)指令即可。首先得到“if (_crtBreakAlloc != -1L lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc)” 对应的二进制指令,用UE打开msvcrtd.dll,使用16进制编辑模式,查找得到的二进制指令,发现确实只有二处,把紧接着它们的0xCC替换为0x90,问题解决。 本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处: http://blog.csdn.net/someonea/archive/2008/03/29/2229183.aspx ================================================ 问题还不算完,我可以用release版运算,但是总去搞release版也麻烦啊 不知道哪位大侠能告诉我 首先得到“if (_crtBreakAlloc != -1L lRequest == _crtBreakAlloc)” 对应的二进制指令 这个指令是啥么? 调程序的时候还发现介绍检测内存泄露的一篇好的博客: 关于MFC下检查和消除内存泄露的技巧 摘要 本文分析了Windows环境使用MFC调试内存泄露的技术,介绍了在Windows环境下用VC++查找,定位和消除内存泄露的方法技巧。 关键词:VC++;CRT 调试堆函数;试探法。 编译环境 VC++6.0 技术原理 检测内存泄漏的主要工具是调试器和 CRT 调试堆函数。若要启用调试堆函数,请在程序中包括以下语句: #define CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC #include stdlib.h #include crtdbg.h 注意 #include 语句必须采用上文所示顺序。如果更改了顺序,所使用的函数可能无法正确工作。 通过包括 crtdbg.h,将 malloc 和 free 函数映射到其“Debug”版本_malloc_dbg 和_free_dbg,这些函数将跟踪内存分配和释放。此映射只在调试版本(在其中定义了 _DEBUG)中发生。发布版本使用普通的 malloc 和 free 函数。 #define 语句将 CRT 堆函数的基版本映射到对应的“Debug”版本。并非绝对需要该语句,但如果没有该语句,内存泄漏转储包含的有用信息将较少。 在添加了上面所示语句之后,可以通过在程序中包括以下语句来转储内存泄漏信息: _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks(); 当在调试器下运行程序时,_CrtDumpMemoryLeaks 将在“输出”窗口中显示内存泄漏信息。内存泄漏信息如下所示: Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - C:PROGRAM FILESVISUAL STUDIOMyProjectsleaktestleaktest.cpp(20) : {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. 如果不使用 #define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC 语句,内存泄漏转储如下所示: Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. 未定义 _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC 时,所显示的会是: 内存分配编号(在大括号内)。 块类型(普通、客户端或 CRT)。 十六进制形式的内存位置。 以字节为单位的块大小。 前 16 字节的内容(亦为十六进制)。 定义了 _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC 时,还会显示在其中分配泄漏的内存的文件。文件名后括号中的数字(本示例中为 20)是该文件内的行号。 转到源文件中分配内存的行 在"输出"窗口中双击包含文件名和行号的行。 -或- 在"输出"窗口中选择包含文件名和行号的行,然后按 F4 键。 _CrtSetDbgFlag 如果程序总在同一位置退出,则调用 _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks 足够方便,但如果程序可以从多个位置退出该怎么办呢?不要在每个可能的出口放置一个对 _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks 的调用,可以在程序开始包括以下调用: _CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF ); 该语句在程序退出时自动调用 _CrtDumpMemoryLeaks。必须同时设置 _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF 和 _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF 两个位域,如上所示。 说明 在VC++6.0的环境下,不再需要额外的添加 #define CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC #include stdlib.h #include crtdbg.h 只需要按F5,在调试状态下运行,程序退出后在"输出窗口"可以看到有无内存泄露。如果出现 Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - 就有内存泄露。 确定内存泄露的地方 根据内存泄露的报告,有两种消除的方法: 第一种比较简单,就是已经把内存泄露映射到源文件的,可以直接在"输出"窗口中双击包含文件名和行号的行。例如 Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - C:PROGRAM FILESVISUAL STUDIOMyProjectsleaktestleaktest.cpp(20) : {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. C:PROGRAM FILESVISUAL STUDIOMyProjectsleaktestleaktest.cpp(20) 就是源文件名称和行号。 第二种比较麻烦,就是不能映射到源文件的,只有内存分配块号。 Detected memory leaks! Dumping objects - {18} normal block at 0x00780E80, 64 bytes long. Data: CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD Object dump complete. 这种情况我采用一种"试探法"。由于内存分配的块号不是固定不变的,而是每次运行都是变化的,所以跟踪起来很麻烦。但是我发现虽然内存分配的块号是变化的,但是变化的块号却总是那几个,也就是说多运行几次,内存分配的块号很可能会重复。因此这就是"试探法"的基础。 先在调试状态下运行几次程序,观察内存分配的块号是哪几个值; 选择出现次数最多的块号来设断点,在代码中设置内存分配断点: 添加如下一行(对于第 18 个内存分配): _crtBreakAlloc = 18; 或者,可以使用具有同样效果的 _CrtSetBreakAlloc 函数: _CrtSetBreakAlloc(18); 在调试状态下运行序,在断点停下时,打开"调用堆栈"窗口,找到对应的源代码处; 退出程序,观察"输出窗口"的内存泄露报告,看实际内存分配的块号是不是和预设值相同,如果相同,就找到了;如果不同,就重复步骤3,直到相同。 最后就是根据具体情况,在适当的位置释放所分配的内存。
The answer is YES, YES, YES, for all of us who blog at SciNet.cn. For one thing, how else can I learn so much about the true China while sitting inside a small “box” on an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean? Link to NPR's report is here: http://www.npr.org/2011/02/15/133759724/is-writing-online-without-pay-worth-it
Friday, February 25, 7 p.m. Academy Concerto Concert. Dillingham Hall. Free admission. Saturday, February 26, 7 p.m. Academy Jazz Band Concert and Dance. Dole Hall. Free admission. Location: 1601 Punahou Street, Honolulu, HI 96822
You may go to college for free in the U.S. (though lunch money is not included). The Most Affordable Colleges in America http://financiallyfit.yahoo.com/finance/article-111796-8053-5-the-most-affordable-colleges-in-america?ywaad=ad0035nc
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/P04.cws_home/main Dear Xu Peiyang, Elsevier congratulates Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki on being awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis. The scientists were honored for discovering more efficient ways of linking carbon atoms together to build the complex molecules that are improving our everyday lives. Palladium catalysts in general have higher chemical yields and higher functional group tolerance. Palladium-catalyzed cross couplings are an investigative chemical tool that has vastly improved the opportunities for chemists to create sophisticated chemicals, directly enhancing product development in pharmaceutical and electronics industries, for example. The Reactions in brief: The Heck coupling is the palladium catalysed carbon-carbon coupling between halides and activated alkenes in the presence of a base. Richard F. Heck, Professor at the University of Delaware, has published in Inorganica Chimica Acta , the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry and Tetrahedron Letters . The Negishi coupling is the palladium cross coupling reaction which uses an organozinc compound, and an organic halide to produce a new carbon-carbon covalent bond. Ei-ichi Negishi, Professor at Purdue University has published in Heterocycles , Inorganica Chimica Acta , the Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical , the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry , Polyhedron , Tetrahedron , Tetrahedron Asymmetry and Tetrahedron Letters . The Suzuki coupling is the palladium-catalysed cross coupling between organoboronic acids and halides. Akira Suzuki, Professor at Hokkaido University published one of his first papers on Pd coupling, in Tetrahedron Letters . He has also published in the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry and Tetrahedron . In recognition of the importance of their work, we are pleased to offer free access to a selection of articles that Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki have published with Elsevier. View the articles directly on ScienceDirect via the links below or access their article pdfs . Richard F. Heck Palladium catalyzed synthesis of aryl, heterocyclic and vinylic acetylene derivatives (1975) Journal of Organometallic Chemistry ,93(2),pp.259-263; Dieck, H.A., Heck, F.R. Ei-ichi Negishi Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reaction of alkynylzincs with benzylic electrophiles (2005) Tetrahedron Letters , 46 (16), pp. 2927-2930. Qian, M., Negishi, E.-I. Palladium-catalyzed or -promoted reductive carbon-carbon coupling. Effects of phosphines and carbon ligands (1987) Journal of Organometallic Chemistry , 334 (1-2), pp. 181-194; Negishi, E.-i., Takahashi, T., Akiyoshi, K. A convenient synthesis of unsymmetrical bibenzyls homoallylarenes, and homopropargylarenes via palladium-catalyzed cross coupling (1983) Tetrahedron Letters,24 (36),pp. 3823-3824; Ei-ichi Negishi, Hajime Matsushita, Makoto Kobayashi, Cynthia L. Rand. Highly selective synthesis of allylated arenes and diarylmethanes via palladium-catalyzed cross coupling involving benzylic derivatives (1981)Tetrahedron Letters,22 (29), pp. 2715-2718; Ei-ichi Negishi, Hajime Matsushita, Nobuhisa Okukado Akira Suzuki A new stereospecific cross-coupling by the palladium-catalyzed reaction of 1-alkenylboranes with 1-alkenyl or 1-alkynyl halides (1979) Tetrahedron Letters , 20 (36), pp. 3437-3440; Miyaura, N., Yamada, K., Suzuki, A. Cross-coupling reactions of 1-alkenylboranes with 3,4-epoxy-1-butene catalyzed by palladium or nickel complexes (1982)Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,233 (2), pp. C13-C16; Miyaura N, Tanabe Y, Suginome H, et al . A stereospecific synthesis of conjugated ( E , Z )- and ( Z , Z )-alikadienes by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-alkenylboranes with 1-alkenyl bromides (1981) Tetrahedron Letters,22(2), pp. 127-130 ; Miyaura, N., Suginome, H., Suzuki, A. Richard F. Heck Ei-ichi Negishi Akira Suzuki For more information on Elsevier's Chemistry Journals: www.elsevier.com/chemistry Data Protection Notice: This e-mail has been sent to xupeiyang@vip.163.com from Elsevier Science Technology Journals, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, using smartFOCUS DIGITAL technology and platform. To ensure delivery to your inbox (not bulk or junk folders), please click here to add our address to your safe senders list. You are receiving this e-mail from us because you are a registered user of the Elsevier-Alerts microsite or were a registered user of Elsevier's Chemweb platform and in the belief that it will be of interest. 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