说明：本博客与微信公众号“林墨”同步更新，所有内容均为原创，可授权转载请扫码关注“林墨”公众号。 摘要 科学计量的机制是学者投票，Altmetrics （补充计量学）的机制是大众投票。一项研究证明学者投票与大众投票之间存在相关性，因此，我们应该认可奥巴马的科学贡献？ 张东冉 / 河北大学 李江 / 浙江大学 注：图片来源于搜狐网 奥巴马于2016年7月11日在 JAMA 上发表一篇题为United States Health Care Reform: Progress to Date and Next Steps的论文，发表之后以8063的 Altmetrics 得分拿下『 2016年世界学术论文影响力TOP100 』的第一名，并远远超过第二名的4912分。另外，奥巴马是独立作者哦。 好吧，这是一个赢者通吃的社会，前总统在学术界客串一把，便秒杀辛勤耕耘一辈子的科研工作者。这个结果太讽刺了，不对，一定是哪里出了问题。 奥巴马的论文产生的社会影响力来源于总统光环，而非科学贡献。因为，他这篇论文在 Google Scholar 上至今只被引用了203次（2017年12月14日统计）。 Altmetrics 得分是大众投票，即用点赞、转发、评论等来度量科研成果在社交媒体上的影响力；科学计量是学者投票，即用引用来度量科研成果在学术界的影响力。评价学术成果质量应该是学术界的事情，应该由科研工作者来投票，最好的方式是同行评议，在同行评议不可行的情况下，可以用引用替代（引用和同行评议结果之间存在相关性）。把投票权交给普罗大众，会不会太儿戏？ 大众投票权 社交媒体为普罗大众提供了投票权。 ResearchGate是由Ijad Madisch于2008年创立的科研社交网络服务网站，旨在改变研究人员进行科研的方式。目前在全球范围内有700多万会员，现在已经发展成为最受欢迎的学术社交网络之一，通过ResearchGate平台，会员可以维护自己的出版物，询问和解答与研究有关的问题，关注其他研究人员以及了解他们的出版物更新情况。 对机构而言，大众投票与学者投票正相关 在ResearchGate中，可以选择影响力，出版物数量，下载次数和剖面图来衡量机构和研究人员的学术影响。ResearchGate评分是一项新的绩效指标，它通过测量研究人员的出版物，提出和回答的问题以及追随者数量整合科学计量学和补充计量学。 Yu MC等人选择以英国的 REF（Research Excellence Framework）大学排名和 QS 大学排名为参照，用机构的ResearchGate 评分与这些排名进行相关分析，结果显示，ResearchGate评分与所有REF指标（产出，影响，环境和总体质量）的相关性都保持在0.400的中度相关水平；与三个QS指标（分别是学术声誉，每个教师的引用以及相关分析的总分）的相关系数都在0.5以上，即强相关（按照Cohen对相关系数的解释：0.10代表弱相关；0.30代表中等程度相关；0.50代表强相关），这表明ResearchGate评分是衡量研究机构“学术声誉”的有效指标。 对个人而言，大众投票与学者投票也正相关 作者选取供应链管理领域的300位学者为样本，选取两个SciVal指标：SciVal字段加权引用影响 FWIC 和SciVal每篇文章的 被引次数 ，与六个ResearchGate指标： RG评分，RG影响力，RG论文下载次数，RG论文评论数量，RG被引次数和RG剖视图进行相关分析。结果显示，RG指标与SciVal指标之间显著正相关，这表明ResearchGate评分是衡量研究人员“学术声誉”的有效指标。 值得注意的是，相关性并不代表 Altmetrics 评分完全可替代科学计量指标，而只表明 Altmetrics 可以作为科学计量学的有效补充。 科学评价的事情还是应该把投票权交给科研工作者，不然，你猜猜通过大众投票来评选诺贝尔奖会是什么结果。但是，这并不代表大众投票没用。科学研究的终极目标是要为全人类服务，根据大众投票来判断科研热度与社会反响是有效的（当然，我们必须承认，社会反响与研究质量可能正相关，但不能替代研究质量）。 从为全人类服务的角度来看，我们既要研究质量，也要社会反响。所以，我们既要鼓励科研工作者从事高质量研究，去探索人类的未知，也要鼓励科研工作者与社会公众互动，用研究所得去提升大众的知识水平。 参考文献 Yu, M. C., Wu, Y. C. J., Alhalabi, W., Kao, H. Y., Wu, W. H. (2016). Researchgate: an effective altmetric indicator for active researchers?. Computers in Human Behavior , 55 , 1001-1006. CALL FOR PAPERS 欢迎向林墨推荐论文（发送PDF）或投稿（撰文1500字），一经采用，林墨向您支付稿酬，并具名致谢，投稿方式：linmo_wx@163.com 林墨是一个公益的学术新媒体。我们努力追踪全世界的以科学家为对象的研究成果，并分享给学术界。 关注我们，了解更多林墨动态。
Clinton, 5 years ago. How time flies ... 克林顿白，立委黑， “立委，你的头发太有个性了。” 无独有偶，黑白的对比引来大小的反差。居然比立委的头发还白，岂有此理 “好想知道 Clinton 在你背後說的是好話，還是壞話？” 背后说的话哪里有好话？你看他那阵势，不知道编排了多少立委的坏话。不就在立法院有过两次肢体冲突么，就这么抓住人的小辫子不放？切。 说到黑白，遇到奥巴马，我不用把自己照亮也比他白净，无片片无真相，有照为证。 See 我至少比奥巴马还是白净一点儿吧。关键不在黑白，在总统相。 谁是总统，谁是总统保镖？ 这还用问么？保镖一般都长得这模样。不过我这位 body guard 笑容可掬，多数保镖都面无表情。 再者，总统和主席是同义词，英语的 Chairman 难道不是说的坐椅子的人？ 相不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成。凡事都讲个相。你看川普那老年版花花公子相，配做总统吗？世界唯一超级大国的九五之尊啊，岂容满口生殖器的人觊觎。 为了川普我选克林顿。 I am voting Clinton for the sake of Trump.
7月11日，奥巴马在美国医学杂志（the Journal of the American Medical Association，简称“JAMA”）上刊登了名为《美国医改:现状和未来》（原名“United States Health Care Reform:Progress to Date and Next Steps”）的论文。 影响因子37.684 此文一经刊登，即被疯狂传阅，截至目前，其阅读量已超过50万。奥巴马成为美国第一个发表学术论文的在位总统。 原文链接： http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2533698 留下好友的邮箱，点击提交，您和好友分别得到50元优惠券！分享越多，您和好友得到的优惠就越多！ 活动截止到6月30日，期间统一发放优惠券到邮箱。
我们不妨造一个英语的“羊” 外国人（主要是欧美人）不知道如何表述中国的“羊年”，例如，美国总统就用“ the year of ram, the year of goat, or the yearof sheep ”来翻译羊年这两个汉字。我们的媒体说奥巴马幽默。 在西方语言体系中，绵羊、山羊有着绝然不同的两种象征。绵羊代表着善良，而山羊代表着邪恶。而在汉语的语言环境中，羊代表着吉祥，不管是山羊还是绵羊。这样无论我们用现今的哪一个词来翻译我们中国的羊年都是很不合适的。 语言是交流的工具，我看，我们不妨造一个单词来表述汉语中的羊。我建议这个词可以直接写成yang，虽然这个词已经被“阳”所占领，但是一个英语词汇有好几个意思的也不在少数，而且用yang表示阳的也就若干研究中国古代哲学的学者，所以，我们不妨同时用yang来表示羊。羊年就用the year of yang。在教授外国人汉语，解释成语如亡羊补牢、顺手牵羊、歧路亡羊、挂羊头卖狗肉、羊肠小道、羊落虎口、羊质虎皮、羊狠狼贪、羊毛出在羊身上等等时都可以使用这个由汉语直接音译的yang。因为这些词汇中，羊既可以是山羊也可以是绵羊。当然，我也不反对用更合适的拼音方式。 新的语汇是否能够被外国人接受，要看我们用不用，一开始并不须顾忌人家听得懂听不懂，只要我们用了，用得多了，在必要的时候作了一点解释，人家也就懂了。如今的新词汇多得很，日新月异，一开始我们都不懂，时间长了听的多了就都懂了。
奥巴马上台之际，我改编《美日同盟及其与中国的互动》，在第一章“美日关系的基础”中指出： 以上引用虽然冗长，但有助于我们理解这次（2014年4月25日）美日奥巴马-安倍联合声明的来由，也因为自从奥巴马上台以来美日关系没有值得特别关注的变化。除了美国在国内经济、国际政治方面的困境外，奥巴马政府没有合适的日本政策人才，也是一个重要原因。在奥巴马动身前往日本之际，我没有读到任何关于美日之间自由﹑民主与人权原则的提议，虽知效果不大，还是准备按照我2009年9月23日给刚上台的鸠山的要求公开日本政府1989年出卖我们在日留学生的信息 以及2013年11月15日我向高盛集团提交2014年股东大会的提案 ，给奥巴马提出忠告。不过，当我4月22日从右翼的《读卖新闻》首先读到奥巴马访问的政治意愿的译文（英文版还没有公开）时，确认了没有必要直接劝告任何政府当局的判断 。实际上，当天，我已经向在中日美具有最大业务的苹果公司提交了2015年股东大会的提案，其中心关注就是亚太和平：“The Japanese government has utilized the 1989 Tiananmen Tragedy to abandon its peace constitution (the cornerstone of Asia’s peace after WWII), towards rearmament, militarization and fascism to mislead the U.S. under the U.S.-Japan Security Treaties to crash with the rising power of a nationalistic China. 日本政府利用1989年天安门悲剧，放弃了作为亚洲和平基础的日本宪法，选择了再军备、军国化和法西斯主义，以美日安保条约误导美国与新兴的民族主义大国中国冲突” 。哪怕机会再渺小，我也决心利用一切可能的条件，直接诉诸于美国公众，决不能让美国民众为中日当局的区区荒岛争执投入战争。 虽然美国直接对日宣战的原因是日本的珍珠港空袭，但亚洲民众支持、认同美国参与战争以及战后至今为止美国在亚洲的军事存在的道义都是自由﹑民主与人权原则。无论是对日本、对中国、还是对朝鲜半岛的民众和当局，美国都离不开自由﹑民主与人权原则来谈和平友谊与利益交换。遗憾的是：果然不出我的判断，奥巴马在日三天的国事访问期间，丝毫未提自由﹑民主与人权的字眼 ，失去了美国“再平衡”亚洲政策的基础。最终的奥巴马-安倍《日美联合声明》完全不提自由﹑民主与人权原则，把安保条约只适用到不毛领土纠纷上 ，证实了我们亚洲民众一贯以来维护和平宪法、反对安保条约、反对违宪的自卫队、废除美日同盟的立场。 正如我在相关的“北方领土问题”研究中总结的那样：“由美国撒下的这粒‘北方领土问题’种子﹐已经开花、结果﹐产生了连美国也不愿看到的﹑没法解决的后果。与许多其它的现存国际争端一样﹐在现有的国际政治规范之下﹐‘北方领土问题’将找不到解决的出口。” 。在现有的国际政治条件下﹐东亚的纠纷都找不到解决的出口。目前的条件下，我们民众可以就相对简单的日本政府1989年出卖在日中国留学生、急不可待的“慰安妇” 等人权问题、相对客观技术性的南京大屠杀的伤亡人数分析研究 着手，教育、迫使日本政府在国际关系上回到自由﹑民主与人权原则，朝东亚的和平与繁荣迈出不可逆转的一步。 http://cpri.tripod.com/cpr2009/Zhao_to_Hatoyama.pdf 赵京“以股东大会推动东亚太平的新途径”，2013年12月30日。提案以我1989年在日本组织民主人权运动被日本政府出卖的经历和今天的中日关系危机现实，提议高盛成立公共政策委员会。此提案已经被高盛5月16日将要举行的股东大会排除。同时，我已经向NetApp、Cisco今年的股东大会提交了类似内容的提案。 我对第二次登台的安倍晋三“三世”（第三代）没有任何幻想，虽然当过日本外务大臣、那时正在问鼎日本首相的安倍晋太郎二世1989年春作为日本外交协会的会长曾经把当年的日本外交征文的优胜奖颁发给我。 http://cpri.tripod.com/cpr2014/apple_proposal_15.pdf 只是到了韩国，为了讨好东道主才提到“人权”，显出其完全没有原则的外交风格。真奇怪奥巴马是如何得到哈佛大学法学院宪法学位的。 见赵京，“关于钓鱼岛/尖阁诸岛的非主权方案”，2011年3月14日。 收入赵京《美日同盟及其与中国的互动》第六章“围绕日本的国际局势”第一节。 我今年3月4日在硅谷人权会议报告时，了解到同一会场的Human Rights Data Analysis Group的研究主管Price博士介绍她们如何为联合国提供叙利亚内战的数据分析，达到9万3千名死者的结论。她们工作的意义在于科学、客观而不是价值推广。我一直希望，如果有条件的话，应该组织对南京大屠杀等事件的科学数据分析，大致确定死伤者的范围。见赵京“参与硅谷人权会议”，2014年3月6日。
奥巴马为林肯 蓋茲堡演說 150周年纪念活动起草的手写稿 蒋继平 2013年11月19日 刚收到白宫来电， 是一份美国总统奥巴马纪念林肯总统 蓋茲堡演說 150周年起草的手写稿。 因为他的字迹很不公整，我只能读懂大部分内容 。 希望读者中水平高的人能够读懂全文， 要是能够翻译出来那就更棒了。 President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg Address One hundred fifty years after President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, President Obama penned a handwritten tribute to President Lincoln's historic remarks. Read his essay below, then share it with others.
奥巴马说让我们一起为菲律宾的受灾民众做点贡献 蒋继平 2013年11月17日 刚收到白宫来电，内容是美国总统奥巴马为援助受海燕台风影响的菲律宾灾民提供人道主义的演说。 我觉得奥巴马总统的做法很好，值得响应， 故此向公众推荐。 我注意到， 美国在灾后第一时间就派出了海军陆战队奔赴灾区， 为及时地救助受害者作出自己的贡献。 我也注意到， 中国政府也尽力为菲律宾政府提供了数目客观的经济援助。 我更希望中国全体民众更能从人道主义的立场出发， 与政府的态度保持高度一致， 尽力为菲律宾的灾民提供力所能及的援助。 我们要胸怀宽大， 摒弃成见， 利用这种难得的机会，构筑一个真正的睦邻友好关系。 Last Friday, Super Typhoon Haiyan made landfall in the Eastern Philippines. The images coming out of the disaster over the course of the past week have been devastating. Entire towns and cities have been washed away. Tens of thousands of families are without homes and searching for loved ones. The President recorded a message addressing this tragedy, describing the response and recovery efforts of American teams on the ground right now -- and most importantly, how you can help. Watch the video and learn how you can support these urgent humanitarian efforts. Last weekend, the President ordered a swift, coordinated response: U.S. Marines were some of the first on the ground in the hardest-hit areas after the storm made landfall. And right now, American aircraft are delivering bottled water, generators, and trucks to affected areas. Emergency shelter material and basic supplies for 10,000 families are on the way. Aid workers will help feed tens of thousands of adults and children in the days to come. Watch the President's message, and learn how you can support the disaster-relief efforts on the ground: http://www.whitehouse.gov/typhoon
Craig Brown 编的《失去的日记》（ The Lost Diaries , Fourth Estate, 2010 ），就像是一群古今名人聚在一起来写一年的日记，不同的人写不同日子（也有几人同写一天的）。 头一天是 Barack Obama 写的（不知是哪年，大概是进白宫前吧），很有意思，有点儿“假”，是对着早餐向 Michelle 发感想——其实是发誓（ I promise you, Michelle ……）—— M 问他要不要牛奶，他说 Our milk will come. Our milk will flow, and it will flow true. Our milk will flow smooth, and it will flow well-chilled. But our milk will not flow if it is not poured. So let me promise you this, Michelle. That milk will not itself over your flakes or my flakes. That milk will not pour itself over the flakes of the poor or the flakes of the rich, the flakes of the needy or the flakes of those folks who spend their lives in comfort… Michelle 对他说，那你就倒牛奶吧，随便怎么倒。 But I beg you, Barack, please get a move on. 小奥同学回答， I will indeed get a move on with pouring that milk. On the move to pour that milk, I shall ponder day and night. And I shall not rest until the day comes when that milk has, in truth, finally been poured. 原来是多么励志的一杯牛奶——比传说的什么被动过的奶酪，似乎更有味道。
转自 http://emuch.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=6341172fpage=1 http://zj.sina.com.cn/edu/jyzx/2013-09-02/132810696.html （视频地址） 奥巴马开学演讲中文译稿全文： 嗨，大家好！你们今天过得怎么样？我现在和弗吉尼亚州阿林顿郡韦克菲尔德高中的学生们在一起，全国各地也有从幼儿园到高三的众多学生们通过电视关注这里，我很高兴你们能共同分享这一时刻。 我知道，对你们中的许多人来说，今天是开学的第一天，你们中的有一些刚刚进入幼儿园或升上初高中，对你们来说，这是在新学校的第一天，因此，假如你们感到有些紧张，那也是很正常的。我想也会有许多毕业班的学生们正自信满满地准备最后一年的冲刺。不过，我想无论你有多大、在读哪个年级，许多人都打心底里希望现在还在放暑假，以及今天不用那么早起床。 我可以理解这份心情。小时候，我们家在印度尼西亚住过几年，而我妈妈没钱送我去其他美国孩子们上学的地方去读书，因此她决定自己给我上课——时间是每周一到周五的凌晨4点半。 显然，我不怎么喜欢那么早就爬起来，很多时候，我就这么在厨房的桌子前睡着了。每当我埋怨的时候，我妈总会用同一副表情看着我说：“小鬼，你以为教你我就很轻松？” 所以，我可以理解你们中的许多人对于开学还需要时间来调整和适应，但今天我站在这里，是为了和你们谈一些重要的事情。我要和你们谈一谈你们每个人的教育，以及在新的学年里，你们应当做些什么。 我做过许多关于教育的讲话，也常常用到“责任”这个词。 我谈到过教师们有责任激励和启迪你们，督促你们学习。 我谈到过家长们有责任看管你们认真学习、完成作业，不要成天只会看电视或打游戏机。 我也很多次谈到过政府有责任设定高标准严要求、协助老师和校长们的工作，改变在有些学校里学生得不到应有的学习机会的现状。 但哪怕这一切都达到最好，哪怕我们有最尽职的教师、最好的家长、和最优秀的学校，假如你们不去履行自己的责任的话，那么这一切努力都会白费。——除非你每天准时去上学、除非你认真地听老师讲课、除非你把父母、长辈和其他大人们说的话放在心上、除非你肯付出成功所必需的努力，否则这一切都会失去意义。 而这就是我今天讲话的主题：对于自己的教育，你们中每一个人的责任。 首先，我想谈谈你们对于自己有什么责任。 你们中的每一个人都会有自己擅长的东西，每一个人都是有用之材，而发现自己的才能是什么，就是你们要对自己担起的责任。教育给你们提供了发现自己才能的机会。 或许你能写出优美的文字——甚至有一天能让那些文字出现在书籍和报刊上——但假如不在英语课上经常练习写作，你不会发现自己有这样的天赋；或许你能成为一个发明家、创造家——甚至设计出像今天的iPhone一样流行的产品，或研制出新的药物与疫苗——但假如不在自然科学课程上做上几次实验，你不会知道自己有这样的天赋；或许你能成为一名议员或最高法院法官，但假如你不去加入什么学生会或参加几次辩论赛，你也不会发现自己的才能。 而且，我可以向你保证，不管你将来想要做什么，你都需要相应的教育。——你想当名医生、当名教师或当名警官？你想成为护士、成为建筑设计师、律师或军人？无论你选择哪一种职业，良好的教育都必不可少，这世上不存在不把书念完就能拿到好工作的美梦，任何工作，都需要你的汗水、训练与学习。 不仅仅对于你们个人的未来有重要意义，你们的教育如何也会对这个国家、乃至世界的未来产生重要影响。今天你们在学校中学习的内容，将会决定我们整个国家在未来迎接重大挑战时的表现。 你们需要在数理科学课程上学习的知识和技能，去治疗癌症、艾滋那样的疾病，和解决我们面临的能源问题与环境问题；你们需要在历史社科课程上培养出的观察力与判断力，来减轻和消除无家可归与贫困、犯罪问题和各种歧视，让这个国家变得更加公平和自由；你们需要在各类课程中逐渐累积和发展出来的创新意识和思维，去创业和建立新的公司与企业，来制造就业机会和推动经济的增长。 我们需要你们中的每一个人都培养和发展自己的天赋、技能和才智，来解决我们所面对的最困难的问题。假如你不这么做——假如你放弃学习——那么你不仅是放弃了自己，也是放弃了你的国家。 当然，我明白，读好书并不总是件容易的事。我知道你们中的许多人在生活中面临着各种各样的问题，很难把精力集中在专心读书之上。 我知道你们的感受。我父亲在我两岁时就离开了家庭，是母亲一人将我们拉扯大，有时她付不起帐单，有时我们得不到其他孩子们都有的东西，有时我会想，假如父亲在该多好，有时我会感到孤独无助，与周围的环境格格不入。 因此我并不总是能专心学习，我做过许多自己觉得丢脸的事情，也惹出过许多不该惹的麻烦，我的生活岌岌可危，随时可能急转直下。 但我很幸运。我在许多事上都得到了重来的机会，我得到了去大学读法学院、实现自己梦想的机会。我的妻子——现在得叫她第一夫人米歇尔？奥巴马了——也有着相似的人生故事，她的父母都没读过大学，也没有什么财产，但他们和她都辛勤工作，好让她有机会去这个国家最优秀的学校读书。 你们中有些人可能没有这些有利条件，或许你的生活中没有能为你提供帮助和支持的长辈，或许你的某个家长没有工作、经济拮据，或许你住的社区不那么安全，或许你认识一些会对你产生不良影响的朋友，等等。 但归根结底，你的生活状况——你的长相、出身、经济条件、家庭氛围——都不是疏忽学业和态度恶劣的借口，这些不是你去跟老师顶嘴、逃课、或是辍学的借口，这些不是你不好好读书的借口。 你的未来，并不取决于你现在的生活有多好或多坏。没有人为你编排好你的命运，在美国，你的命运由你自己书写，你的未来由你自己掌握。 而在这片土地上的每个地方，千千万万和你一样的年轻人正是这样在书写着自己的命运。 例如德克萨斯州罗马市的贾斯敏？佩雷兹(Jazmin Perez)。刚进学校时，她根本不会说英语，她住的地方几乎没人上过大学，她的父母也没有受过高等教育，但她努力学习，取得了优异的成绩，靠奖学金进入了布朗大学，如今正在攻读公共卫生专业的博士学位。 我还想起了加利福尼亚州洛斯拉图斯市的安多尼？舒尔兹(Andoni Schultz)，他从三岁起就开始与脑癌病魔做斗争，他熬过了一次次治疗与手术——其中一次影响了他的记忆，因此他得花出比常人多几百个小时的时间来完成学业，但他从不曾落下自己的功课。这个秋天，他要开始在大学读书了。 又比如在我的家乡，伊利诺斯州芝加哥市，身为孤儿的香特尔·史蒂夫(Shantell Steve)换过多次收养家庭，从小在治安很差的地区长大，但她努力争取到了在当地保健站工作的机会、发起了一个让青少年远离犯罪团伙的项目，很快，她也将以优异的成绩从中学毕业，去大学深造。 贾斯敏、安多尼和香特尔与你们并没有什么不同。和你们一样，他们也在生活中遭遇各种各样的困难与问题，但他们拒绝放弃，他们选择为自己的教育担起责任、给自己定下奋斗的目标。我希望你们中的每一个人，都能做得到这些。 因此，在今天，我号召你们每一个人都为自己的教育定下一个目标——并在之后，尽自己的一切努力去实现它。你的目标可以很简单，像是完成作业、认真听讲或每天阅读——或许你打算参加一些课外活动，或在社区做些志愿工作；或许你决定为那些因为长相或出身等等原因而受嘲弄或欺负的孩子做主、维护他们的权益，因为你和我一样，认为每个孩子都应该能有一个安全的学习环境；或许你认为该学着更好的照顾自己，来为将来的学习做准备……当然，除此之外，我希望你们都多多洗手、感到身体不舒服的时候要多在家休息，免得大家在秋冬感冒高发季节都得流感。 不管你决定做什么，我都希望你能坚持到底，希望你能真的下定决心。 我知道有些时候，电视上播放的节目会让你产生这样那样的错觉，似乎你不需要付出多大的努力就能腰缠万贯、功成名就——你会认为只要会唱rap、会打篮球或参加个什么真人秀节目就能坐享其成，但现实是，你几乎没有可能走上其中任何一条道路。 因为，成功是件难事。你不可能对要读的每门课程都兴趣盎然，你不可能和每名带课教师都相处顺利，你也不可能每次都遇上看起来和现实生活有关的作业。而且，并不是每件事，你都能在头一次尝试时获得成功。 但那没有关系。因为在这个世界上，最最成功的人们往往也经历过最多的失败。J.K。罗琳的第一本《哈利·波特》被出版商拒绝了十二次才最终出版；迈克尔·乔丹上高中时被学校的篮球队刷了下来，在他的职业生涯里，他输了几百场比赛、投失过几千次射篮，知道他是怎么说的吗？“我一生不停地失败、失败再失败，这就是我现在成功的原因。” 他们的成功，源于他们明白人不能让失败左右自己——而是要从中吸取经验。从失败中，你可以明白下一次自己可以做出怎样的改变；假如你惹了什么麻烦，那并不说明你就是个捣蛋贵，而是在提醒你，在将来要对自己有更严格的要求；假如你考了个低分，那并不说明你就比别人笨，而是在告诉你，自己得在学习上花更多的时间。 没有哪一个人一生出来就擅长做什么事情的，只有努力才能培养出技能。任何人都不是在第一次接触一项体育运动时就成为校队的代表，任何人都不是在第一次唱一首歌时就找准每一个音，一切都需要熟能生巧。对于学业也是一样，你或许要反复运算才能解出一道数学题的正确答案，你或许需要读一段文字好几遍才能理解它的意思，你或许得把论文改上好几次才能符合提交的标准。这都是很正常的。 不要害怕提问。不要不敢向他人求助。——我每天都在这么做。求助并不是软弱的表现，恰恰相反，它说明你有勇气承认自己的不足、并愿意去学习新的知识。所以，有不懂时，就向大人们求助吧——找个你信得过的对象，例如父母、长辈、老师、教练或辅导员——让他们帮助你向目标前进。 你要记住，哪怕你表现不好、哪怕你失去信心、哪怕你觉得身边的人都已经放弃了你——永远不要自己放弃自己。因为当你放弃自己的时候，你也放弃了自己的国家。 美国不是一个人们遭遇困难就轻易放弃的国度，在这个国家，人们坚持到底、人们加倍努力，为了他们所热爱的国度，每一个人都尽着自己最大的努力，不会给自己留任何余地。 250年前，有一群和你们一样的学生，他们之后奋起努力、用一场革命最终造就了这个国家；75年前，有一群和你们一样的学生，他们之后战胜了大萧条、赢得了二战；就在20年前，和你们一样的学生们，他们后来创立了Google、Twitter和Facebook，改变了我们人与人之间沟通的方式。 因此，今天我想要问你们，你们会做出什么样的贡献？你们将解决什么样的难题？你们能发现什么样的事物？二十、五十或百年之后，假如那时的美国总统也来做一次开学演讲的话，他会怎样描述你们对这个国家所做的一切？ 你们的家长、你们的老师和我，每一个人都在尽最大的努力，确保你们都能得到应有的教育来回答这些问题。例如我正在努力为你们提供更安全的教室、更多的书籍、更先进的设施与计算机。但你们也要担起自己的责任。因此我要求你们在今年能够认真起来，我要求你们尽心地去做自己着手的每一件事，我要求你们每一个人都有所成就。请不要让我们失望——不要让你的家人、你的国家和你自己失望。你们要成为我们骄傲，我知道，你们一定可以做到。 谢谢大家，上帝保佑你们，上帝保佑美国。 美国总统奥巴马开学演讲 英文全文 Hello, everybody! Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everybody. All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat. How is everybody doing today? (Applause。) How about Tim Spicer? (Applause。) I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. And we've got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade. And I am just so glad that all could join us today. And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host. Give yourselves a big round of applause. (Applause。) I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school. And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it's your first day in a new school, so it's understandable if you're a little nervous. I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go. And no matter what grade you're in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could've stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning. I know that feeling. When I was young, my family lived overseas. I lived in Indonesia for a few years. And my mother, she didn't have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning. Now, as you might imagine, I wasn't too happy about getting up that early. And a lot of times, I'd fall asleep right there at the kitchen table. But whenever I'd complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she'd say, This is no picnic for me either, buster. (Laughter。) So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you. I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year. Now, I've given a lot of speeches about education. And I've talked about responsibility a lot. I've talked about teachers' responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn. I've talked about your parents' responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox. I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren't working, where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve. But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world -- and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed. That's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education. I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself. Every single one of you has something that you're good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That's the opportunity an education can provide. Maybe you could be a great writer -- maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper -- but you might not know it until you write that English paper -- that English class paper that's assigned to you. Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor -- maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine -- but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class. Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice -- but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team. And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it. You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers. You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job. You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it. And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future. What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country. The future of America depends on you. What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future. You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment. You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free. You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy. We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you don't do that -- if you quit on school -- you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school. I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork. I get it. I know what it's like. My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had. There were times when I missed having a father in my life. There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in. So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have. And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse. But I was -- I was lucky. I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams. My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story. Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money. But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country. Some of you might not have those advantages. Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need. Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around. Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right. But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life -- what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home -- none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school. That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school. There is no excuse for not trying. Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up. No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America. Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas. Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school. Neither of her parents had gone to college. But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University -- is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr. Jazmin Perez. I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three. He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer -- hundreds of extra hours -- to do his schoolwork. But he never fell behind. He's headed to college this fall. And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois. Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college. And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you. They face challenges in their lives just like you do. In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you. But they refused to give up. They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves. And I expect all of you to do the same. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education -- and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book. Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community. Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn. Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn. And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter. But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work -- that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. Chances are you're not going to be any of those things. The truth is, being successful is hard. You won't love every subject that you study. You won't click with every teacher that you have. Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute. And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try. That's okay. Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures. J.K. Rowling's -- who wrote Harry Potter -- her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's why I succeed. These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you -- you have to let your failures teach you. You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time. So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right. If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practice. The same principle applies to your schoolwork. You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right. You might have to read something a few times before you understand it. You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in. Don't be afraid to ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new. So find an adult that you trust -- a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor -- and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals. And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough. It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best. It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation. Young people. Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war; who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon. Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other. So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country? Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions. I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn. But you've got to do your part, too. So I expect all of you to get serious this year. I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do. I expect great things from each of you. So don't let us down. Don't let your family down or your country down. Most of all, don't let yourself down. Make us all proud. Thank you very much, everybody. God bless you. God bless America. Thank you。
AN OPEN LETTER TO XI JINPING AND OBAMA ( 给习近平和奥巴马的一封公开信 ) JIPING JIANG ( 蒋继平 ) July3, 2013 ( 2013 年 7 月 3 日 ) Dear President XiJinping and Obama: ( 尊敬的国家主席习近平和奥巴马总统 ) ： Recently, I received a lot of complaints about the Visa issue between USA and China. My own experience can also verify these complaints. 近来我收到了很多对中美两国间签证问题的抱怨。我自己的亲身经历也可以证明这些抱怨是有根据的。 The main point of the complaints is that ： the citizens of USA and China must personally take their passport to the embassy of the other country for issuing a visa if they want to visit the other country. The law created a lot of troubles for the ordinary people. Usually, they must take a long way to travel to the embassy, take a long line to wait for their turn. If they asked a travel agent to do so, they must pay an additional processing fee. As a result, this takes people a lot of time and effort, and makes people pay an extra cost. 抱怨的主要内容是：如果中美两国的公民要到对方国家去的时候，必须亲自持护照到对方的大使馆办理签证。这条法规给普通民众增加了许多麻烦。通常，申请人必须长途跋涉来大使馆，然后排长队等候面试。假如他们请求旅游经纪人来办理这个手续，那么， 他们必须为此付出一笔额外的费用。这样一来，使民众花去了许多时间和精力， 或者让他们付出一笔额外的开支。 I have noticed that both of you stated publically that you will do your best to improve people’s life. As a citizen, I should believe you. However, people not only listen what you say, but also watch what you do. Therefore,I hope that both of you sit down to discuss this issue together. And take appropriate action to change the law which is not good for people. 我已经注意到你们在公众场合公开表示将尽你们最大的努力来改善人民的生活。作为一个公民， 我应当相信你们。 可是， 人民不仅听你们说什么，而且要看你们到底做了什么。 因而， 我希望你们坐下来一起讨论这个问题，并且采用适当的行动来改变这个对人民不利的法规。 In my personal view, as the leaders of the two big countries, you have the big power, and at the same time, also have the big responsibility. As the trend of global movement goes, and with the modern communication technologies are available, you should be able to create a new way to solve this important issue. If you do so, the result will be beneficial to all citizens of both countries. 从我个人的观点来看，作为两个大国的领导人， 你们具有很大的权力，同时也有很重的责任。 随着全球化趋势的发展，加上现在沟通技术的广泛应用，你们应该能够找到一个新的途径来解决这个重要的问题。假如你们如此做的话， 其结果必然造福于两国人民。 Sincerely yours ( 致礼 ) Jiping Jiang ( 蒋继平 )
阅读原文» 在一个简短的15分钟演讲中，美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马支持同行评审过程应保持独立性。4月29日，奥巴马在美国国家科学院（National Academy of Sciences）150周年庆祝年会上，面对着精英研究人员进行了这一演说。 “为了保持优势地位，我们必须保护严格的同行评审体系。”奥巴马说。他的观点随着一份新的法律草案接踵而至，该法案正由美国众议院科学委员会主席、来自得克萨斯州的共和党人 Lamar Smith 主持讨论。 新法案将详细检查美国国家科学基金会（NSF）经费支持项目的同行评审 ，并要求NSF主管保证所有资助项目都有益于美国经济或公共健康。 Smith 的努力伴随着最近一连串对科学基金和同行评审体系的攻击，其中包括俄克拉何马州参议员 Tom Coburn 提出的2013年开支法案，该法案要求NSF主管保证其资助的所有政治学研究对国家安全或经济有重要作用。 演讲中，奥巴马还谈到要维护 NSF 对社会科学资金的控制权。“在过去4年中，我尽力去做的事情，以及在未来4年中将继续做的事情之一，就是确保我们在不断促进科学过程的诚信。”他说，“不仅在物理学和生命科学领域如此，在心理学、人类学、经济学、政治学，以及其他此类科学领域亦然。” 允许政治家涉及到科学决策中，是一个“灾难性”的决定，美国国家科学院前院长 Bruce Alberts 说。他认为，当人们不想政府卷入经济领域时，支持政府参与选择科学界的赢家和输家是一种讽刺。 科罗拉多大学气象学家 Akkihebbal Ravishankara 也同意拨款过程应保持独立性。“如果能保持科学无政治意义，可能确实是好事。”他说。 查看视频： 150th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences
The 2013 State of the Union Address THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Speaker, Mr. Vice President, members of Congress, fellow citizens: 议长先生，副总统先生，国会议员们，美国人民： Fifty-one years ago, John F. Kennedy declared to this chamber that “the Constitution makes us not rivals for power but partners for progress.” (Applause.) “It is my task,” he said, “to report the State of the Union -- to improve it is the task of us all.” 51年前，约翰-F-肯尼迪在这里宣布“宪法让我们成为进步的伙伴而不是权利的对手，”(掌声)他说，“发表国情咨文是我的任务，但是完善国情却是我们所有人的任务。” Tonight, thanks to the grit and determination of the American people, there is much progress to report. After a decade of grinding war, our brave men and women in uniform are coming home. (Applause.) After years of grueling recession, our businesses have created over six million new jobs. We buy more American cars than we have in five years, and less foreign oil than we have in 20. (Applause.) Our housing market is healing, our stock market is rebounding, and consumers, patients, and homeowners enjoy stronger protections than ever before. (Applause.) 今晚，感谢美国人民的勇气和决心，我有很多内容需要汇报。在十年的残酷战争之后，我们勇敢的穿军装的男人女人正在归来。(掌声)在多年的紧张的萧条期后，我们的商业已经创造了600万新的就业岗位。我们现在开始购入比过去5年还要多的汽车，但依赖的国外石油比过去20年总和都要少。我们的住宅市场正在复苏，我们的股票市场正在反弹。消费者、病人、房产所有者也享受比之前更有力的保护。(掌声) So, together, we have cleared away the rubble of crisis, and we can say with renewed confidence that the State of our Union is stronger. (Applause.) 所以，在一起，我们清除了危机的废墟。而且，我们可以说，通过新的信心，我们国家的状态更强有力了。(掌声) But we gather here knowing that there are millions of Americans whose hard work and dedication have not yet been rewarded. Our economy is adding jobs -- but too many people still can’t find full-time employment. Corporate profits have skyrocketed to all-time highs -- but for more than a decade, wages and incomes have barely budged. 但是我们来到这里，知道还有数百万的美国人，通过辛苦的工作和奉献，并没有得到回报。我们的经济正在创造就业岗位——但仍然有许多人不能找到全职工作。企业利润飙升到了新高度——但十多年来，薪资和收入几乎从未上升。 It is our generation’s task, then, to reignite the true engine of America’s economic growth -- a rising, thriving middle class. (Applause.) 我们这一代人的任务是——重燃美国经济增长的发动机——造就一个升起的、兴旺的中产阶级。(掌声) It is our unfinished task to restore the basic bargain that built this country -- the idea that if you work hard and meet your responsibilities, you can get ahead, no matter where you come from, no matter what you look like, or who you love. 我们的未竟任务是——恢复我们国家的基本协议——如果你工作努力并且负责任，你将会领先于别人，不论你从哪里来，不论你长得怎样，或者爱的是谁。 It is our unfinished task to make sure that this government works on behalf of the many, and not just the few; that it encourages free enterprise, rewards individual initiative, and opens the doors of opportunity to every child across this great nation. (Applause.) 我们的未竟任务是——政府为大多数人服务，而不是少数人；政府鼓励自由企业、奖励个人的主创性，并且给这个国家的每一个孩子都提供发展的机会。(掌声) The American people don’t expect government to solve every problem. They don’t expect those of us in this chamber to agree on every issue. But they do expect us to put the nation’s interests before party. (Applause.) They do expect us to forge reasonable compromise where we can. For they know that America moves forward only when we do so together, and that the responsibility of improving this union remains the task of us all. 美国人并不期望政府解决所有的问题。他们不期望在这个议事厅里的我们在所有的事务上有一致的看法。但是他们期望我们把国家利益放在党派前面。(掌声)他们期望我们在我们能走做到的议题上形成合理的妥协。因为他们知道只有当我们一起做这些事的时候，美国才会前进。改善这个国家的责任是我们所共有的。 Our work must begin by making some basic decisions about our budget -- decisions that will have a huge impact on the strength of our recovery. 我们的工作必须从如何决定我们的预算开始——这些决定将对我们复苏的势头有巨大影响。 Over the last few years, both parties have worked together to reduce the deficit by more than $2.5 trillion -- mostly through spending cuts, but also by raising tax rates on the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans. As a result, we are more than halfway towards the goal of $4 trillion in deficit reduction that economists say we need to stabilize our finances. 过去几年，两党共同努力，削减了2.5万亿美元的赤字——大部分是通过削减支出进行的，当然我们也对最富有的1%的美国人提高了税率。结果就是，我们已经完成了经济学家认为的足以稳定财政的削减赤字4万亿美元任务的一半还要多。 Now we need to finish the job. And the question is, how? 现在我们需要完成这项任务。问题是，怎样完成？ In 2011, Congress passed a law saying that if both parties couldn’t agree on a plan to reach our deficit goal, about a trillion dollars’ worth of budget cuts would automatically go into effect this year. These sudden, harsh, arbitrary cuts would jeopardize our military readiness. They’d devastate priorities like education, and energy, and medical research. They would certainly slow our recovery, and cost us hundreds of thousands of jobs. That’s why Democrats, Republicans, business leaders, and economists have already said that these cuts, known here in Washington as the sequester, are a really bad idea. 2011年，国会通过了一个议案。议案称如果两党不能对削减赤字达成一致，那么价值约1万亿美元的预算削减将会自动生效。这些突然的、残酷的、武断的削减，将会使我们的军事准备陷入危险。这也将会使教育、能源及医疗科研等优先问题恶化。这将会毫无疑问地减缓我们的经济复苏，并且还会让我们付出成百上千个就业岗位的代价。这就是为什么民主党员们、共和党员们、商业领袖们以及经济学家们已经说过，在华盛顿被认为是一种扣押行为的这些削减措施，是一个确实无误的坏主意。 Now, some in Congress have proposed preventing only the defense cuts by making even bigger cuts to things like education and job training, Medicare and Social Security benefits. That idea is even worse. (Applause.) 现在，国会中的某些人已经开始提议防止通过更大幅度的削减教育、职业培训、老年保健医疗体系和社会保险津贴的经费以削减国防经费。(掌声) Yes, the biggest driver of our long-term debt is the rising cost of health care for an aging population. And those of us who care deeply about programs like Medicare must embrace the need for modest reforms -- otherwise, our retirement programs will crowd out the investments we need for our children, and jeopardize the promise of a secure retirement for future generations. 是的，目前推动我们长期债务最大的推手是，养老医疗保障费用的增加。那些非常关心我们老年保健医疗体系的人必须接受适度的改革——否则，我们退休项目将会比我们对孩子们的投入更庞大，而且会使得未来几代人的退休保障更加危险。 But we can’t ask senior citizens and working families to shoulder the entire burden of deficit reduction while asking nothing more from the wealthiest and the most powerful. (Applause.) We won’t grow the middle class simply by shifting the cost of health care or college onto families that are already struggling, or by forcing communities to lay off more teachers and more cops and more firefighters. Most Americans -- Democrats, Republicans, and independents -- understand that we can’t just cut our way to prosperity. They know that broad-based economic growth requires a balanced approach to deficit reduction, with spending cuts and revenue, and with everybody doing their fair share. And that’s the approach I offer tonight. 但是，我们不能让老人和工薪家庭承担削减赤字的重任的同时，不去向最富有的最有影响力的人征收更多的税收。(掌声)我们不会通过向那些已经在艰苦奋斗的家庭简单地提升医疗保险经费或者大学学费抑或是强迫社区裁掉更多的老师、警察、消防员的方法以扩充我们的中产阶级。大多数美国人——民主党员们、共和党员们、独立人士——理解我们并不能削减掉我们通往繁荣的道路。他们知道，我们基础广泛的经济增长，需要的是一个可以削减支出和税收的每一个人都各司其职的平衡的途径以抵达赤字削减的目标。这就是今晚我要提出的方案。
昨天黄昏时看到两则好玩儿的消息—— @ Washington Post 说奥总统想给希拉里老太送一个小礼物，据说是 Thomas Jefferson 用过的钢笔或别的小玩意儿。这当然别有深意，因为 J 不但做过总统，还是美国第一任国务卿。报纸夸他送礼的水平提高了——他原来给英女王送 iPod ，给英首相送好莱坞 DVD （其中有《绿野仙踪》（ The Wizard of Oz ）），曾遭人嘲笑过。 小奥原先的礼物倒是真显美国特色。他没有源远流长的历史符号，没有青花瓷和宋版书，也没有国王和骑士，只好送科技和娱乐产品。如果那两样东西不是家家都能拥有，还是挺有意思的。 @ 《成都商报》 “独家”报道说， 2011 年 5 曰 22 日天价拍卖出的齐白石为老蒋 60 岁生日送的巨幅书画 《松柏高立图 篆书四言联》 ，至今尚未收到买家的钱，画还在拍卖行里。我有点儿幸灾乐祸——假如卖家感到遗憾的话，我会真的很欣慰。买家终于没有出手，看来是觉悟了。最高的价钱应该买最好的东西。 关于那幅大书画，拍卖那会儿我就发感想（ http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-279992-447334.html ）说，白给我都会犹豫要还是不要。这会儿不犹豫了，就是不要。
谈枪支管制问题。感谢我们草民站出来发出呼声。 ZT: A Message from President Obama about Your Petition on Reducing Gun Violence By Bruce Reed, Chief of Staff to Vice President Biden In the days since the tragedy in Newtown, Americans from all over the country have called for action to deter mass shootings and reduce gun violence. Hundreds of thousands of you have signed petitions on We the People . I'm writing you today to thank you for speaking up, to update you on an important development, and to encourage you to continue engaging with the White House on this critical issue. First, you should know that President Obama is paying close to attention to the public response to this tragedy. In fact, he sat down to record a message specifically for those of you who have joined the conversation using We the People. Watch it now: On Wednesday , the President outlined a series of first steps we can take to begin the work of ending this cycle of violence. This is what he said: "We know this is a complex issue that stirs deeply held passions and political divides. And as I said on Sunday night, there's no law or set of laws that can prevent every senseless act of violence in our society. We're going to need to work on making access to mental health care at least as easy as access to a gun. We're going to need to look more closely at a culture that all too often glorifies guns and violence. And any actions we must take must begin inside the home and inside our hearts. But the fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing. The fact that we can't prevent every act of violence doesn't mean we can't steadily reduce the violence, and prevent the very worst violence." Vice President Biden has been asked to work with members of the Administration, Congress, and the general public to come up with a set of concrete policy proposals by next month -- proposals the President intends to push swiftly. The President asked the Vice President to lead this effort in part because he wrote and passed the 1994 Crime Bill that helped law enforcement bring down the rate of violent crime in America. That bill included the assault weapons ban, which expired in 2004. As the Vice President's Chief of Staff, I'm going to do everything I can to ensure we run a process that includes perspectives from all sides of the issue, which is why I wanted to respond to your petition myself. Two decades ago, as domestic policy adviser in the Clinton White House, I first worked with Joe Biden as he fought to enact the Crime Bill, the assault weapons ban, and the Brady Bill. I will never forget what a key role the voices of concerned citizens like you played in that vital process. The President called on Congress to pass important legislation "banning the sale of military-style assault weapons," "banning the sale of high-capacity ammunition clips," and "requiring background checks before all gun purchases, so that criminals can’t take advantage of legal loopholes to buy a gun from somebody who won’t take the responsibility of doing a background check at all." An issue this serious and complex isn't going to be resolved with a single legislative proposal or policy prescription. And let's be clear, any action we take will respect the Second Amendment. As the President said: "Look, like the majority of Americans, I believe that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to bear arms. This country has a strong tradition of gun ownership that's been handed down from generation to generation. Obviously across the country there are regional differences. There are differences between how people feel in urban areas and rural areas. And the fact is the vast majority of gun owners in America are responsible -- they buy their guns legally and they use them safely, whether for hunting or sport shooting, collection or protection. But you know what, I am also betting that the majority -- the vast majority -- of responsible, law-abiding gun owners would be some of the first to say that we should be able to keep an irresponsible, law-breaking few from buying a weapon of war. I'm willing to bet that they don't think that using a gun and using common sense are incompatible ideas -- that an unbalanced man shouldn't be able to get his hands on a military-style assault rifle so easily; that in this age of technology, we should be able to check someone's criminal records before he or she can check out at a gun show; that if we work harder to keep guns out of the hands of dangerous people, there would be fewer atrocities like the one in Newtown -- or any of the lesser-known tragedies that visit small towns and big cities all across America every day." The President said it best: "Ultimately if this effort is to succeed it's going to require the help of the American people -- it's going to require all of you. If we're going to change things, it's going to take a wave of Americans -- mothers and fathers, daughters and sons, pastors, law enforcement, mental health professionals -- and, yes, gun owners -- standing up and saying 'enough' on behalf of our kids." So let's continue this conversation and get something meaningful done. If you have additional ideas and are interested in further engagement with the White House on this issue, please let us know and share your thoughts here: http://www.whitehouse.gov/share-your-thoughts-reducing-gun-violence Thank you for speaking out and staying involved. Stay Connected Tell us what you think about thisresponse and We the People . Stay connected to the White House by signing up for periodic email updates from President Obama and other senior administration officials . Facebook Twitter YouTube Flickr Google+
最近，一个叫 Henry Reich 的加拿大物理学家“狗拿耗子”，操心起全世界特别是美国的中学物理教学来。他以 网络视频 方式给美国总统奥巴马写了一封公开信，哀叹目前美国各州的中学物理课程几乎无一例外地局限于经典物理学，而现代物理学，如量子力学，几乎被完全排除在外。他警告说，美国的物理学教育亟须重大改变！除非把诸如光子和原子结构等现代物理学概念引入高中课程，否则，美国可能会失去作为创新型国家领头羊的突出地位。他并以其它学科作对照来说明这一问题的严重性：在其它学科，如果不包括现代科学突破，将是荒谬的，例如，想像一下生物学课程不讲 DNA 、地质学课程不讲板块构造会是什么情景。 Henry Reich “狗拿耗子”其实拿错了对象，因为在美国，教育是各州的事情，并不是总统的责任。但是，由于这是一个有争议的问题，值得总统关注。 视频罗列事实，在美国的高中标准教材中没有包括 1865 年以后物理学发展的成果，绝大多数高中生并不要求学习和了解 1865 年以后物理学的最新发现和解释。最近 150 年的物理学成就，包括原子能、激光、半导体等，居然无一写进中学物理教材，这在全世界也只有科技最发达的美国敢于这么做！至于为什么以 1865 年为限，有人揣测可能正好这一年，麦克斯韦发表了著名的关于电磁场理论的麦克斯韦方程组。麦克斯韦以后的物理学家，包括 100 多位诺贝尔奖获得者及其科学精神，也不向中学生灌输。 有人说，美国的高中生基本上年龄在 16-18 岁，理论上，让所有青少年了解现代物理学的一些美妙思想，如希格斯玻色子、反物质、宇宙演化模型等，是非常好的，但现实情况是，真正要掌握这些概念需要高水平的数学，这并非十几岁的孩子能达到的。而 Henry Reich 对此不以为然，他强烈抨击没有大学水平的数学就不能教授量子力学和相对论的观点。他说，伟大的传授者可以避开复杂的数学问题，如 Carl Sagan 和 Neil deGrasse Tyson 已经以一种迷人的方式成功传授了物理学的基本原理，而无需复杂的数学。他并坚持认为，学生们正在丧失建立现代技术和物理学之间重要关联的意识，而这种意识恰恰使学习物理更令人兴奋和息息相关。 但是问题又来了，现实中像 Carl Sagan 和 Neil deGrasse Tyson 这样的人是稀少的，我们不能期望所有的中学教师都像著名电视节目主持人那样具有传播深奥物理知识的天赋。此外，如果高中生学习现代物理学的时间过多，学“基础”（ fundamentals ）的时间势必减少，这又可能引起大学老师抱怨学生基础不够扎实。 Henry Reich 的视频至今已有 100 多万观看次数，表态“顶”的比“踩”的占压倒性多数（“踩”相对于“顶”可忽略不计）。物理世界（ Physics World ）网站针对 Henry Reich 的公开信在 Facebook 作了个调查：应该教 16-18 岁的青少年诸如量子力学的现代物理吗？（ Should 16–18 year olds be taught modern physics such as quantum mechanics? ）参与调查者非常踊跃，其中 67% 的人赞成高中生学习量子力学，但应只局限于基本思想而不要涉及复杂的数学； 28% 的人更激进，认为高中生应该系统地学习量子力学，包括数学；其余 5% 的人赞成现行做法，即高中生应全身心关注经典物理。有参与者说：“没有理由给 16 – 18 岁的孩子教授量子力学的数学知识。他们本来不必掌握线性代数和任何经典力学。教学必须从基础开始，而不是直接冲到‘有趣的’现代理论。”也有评论说，我们真正应该关心的是，学生们正在回避经典物理中已经很复杂、很难的内容，而这最终将阻碍他们在物理学领域的发展。 从一个中国的物理教学工作者看，加拿大物理学家 Henry Reich 在对美国的物理教育危言耸听。他所提及的所谓现代物理学内容，在中国的高中物理教材中都有出现。他所说的建立现代技术和物理学之间的重要关联，中国的高中物理也有尝试，如“嫦娥工程”就进了中国的高中物理，与万有引力关联。但世界并没感觉到中国已威胁到了美国科技的领先地位，即使已有威胁的迹象，也说不清是由于中国的中学生学了现代物理的结果。其实全世界特别是中国，中学物理教育的主要问题不是内容多少和新旧的问题，而是如何使枯燥、晦涩、令人生畏的物理学更有趣、更好学、更平易近人。物理教育应该在激发青少年对物理的兴趣和抱负方面多使劲，而不是搬出高深尖和空大全的物理知识来吓唬学生，物理学已够吓人的了。媒体之前报道过的各种课堂教学招数值得借鉴并发扬光大，如，在讲台上用手按菜刀做俯卧撑，用相声艺术之说学逗唱授课，奖励学生发零食、惩罚学生跳江南 style ，等等。如果学生们能够像迷恋网络游戏那样迷恋物理，还用得着操心物理 modern 不 modern 吗？他们会在娱乐中不知不觉进阶的，最后将到达物理学的最前沿。 Hamish Johnston, The awesome lack of modern physics in US schools , Physics World, 2012 James Dacey, Should 16–18 year olds be taught modern physics such as quantum mechanics? Physics World, 2012 (2012-12-03, Singapore)
Text Analysis Explains Why Obama Wins http://smartdatacollective.com/tomanderson/81646/text-analysis-explains-why-obama-wins Text Analysis of 2012 Presidential Debates http://smartdatacollective.com/tomanderson/81076/text-analysis-2012-presidential-debates?ref=node_other_posts_by
奥巴马昨晚还准备了败选演讲稿， 今晚就可以睡罗姆尼的太太了！命啊 看报道，奥巴马赢了！但是他承认自己准备了败选的讲演稿。他说：“ 你总是要做两篇讲演稿的准备，因为你不能把所有事情都想当然。 ”奥巴马也对罗姆尼的表现表示祝贺。奥巴马说 ：“我想我们都会有一个美好的夜晚。” 呵呵！而罗姆尼在总统揭晓前一天晚上，还踌躇满志，非常自信地对老婆说 ：“太太，明天晚上你就能跟美国总统睡觉了！” 奥巴马胜选。老婆问罗姆尼：“你看今晚我到白宫去睡呢，还是叫奥巴马到咱家里来？” 罗姆尼： 以下才是正题： 奥巴马连任胜选演讲稿全文【双语阅读】 2012年美国大选结果于当地时间7日凌晨出炉。奥巴马获得303张选举人票，击败对手罗姆尼，成功连任。虽然美国经济自金融危机以来仍未完全实现复苏，但失业率已经显著下降。凭借个人魅力、拯救汽车业、通过医改法案、结束伊拉克战争、制定从阿富汗撤军时间表、击毙本·拉登等突出政绩，奥巴马成功击败罗姆尼。之后，奥巴马发表胜选演讲，感谢副手拜登、夫人米歇尔、两个女儿和自己的竞选团队。“国家前进是因你们的努力。作为一个国家，好日子还在后头。我要感谢每个参与选举的美国人。不管你支持我还是罗姆尼，你们都发出了自己心声。” “Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. 谢谢，非常感谢各位。 Tonight more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward. It moves forward because of you. It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the heightsof hope. The belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people. 今晚，是在一个曾经的殖民地在赢得自己主权200多年之后，我们来到这里，不断前行，这主要是因为你们坚信这个国家能够实现永恒的希望，实现移民的梦想。每一个人都可以独立的争取自己的未来，我们将会作为一个国家共同起落。 Tonight in this election, you, the American people, remind us while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that the united states of America – the best is yet to come. 今晚，在选举的过程当中，你们——美国的人民，让我们记得我们的道路是非常艰辛的，我们的道路是漫长的，我们重新站了起来，我们也从内心知道，美国还没有迎来最好的时代。 I want to thank every American who participated in this election Whether you voted for the very first time or waiting in line for a very long time. By the way, we need to fix that. Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone. Whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you mad your voice heard. And you made a difference. I just got off the phone with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign. 我想要感谢每一个参与选举的美国人。无论你们是第一次投票，还是(排队)等了很长的时间才投上一票——顺便说一下我会解决这个问题。无论你是自己上门投的票，还是打电话投的票；无论你是投给奥巴马的人，还是投给罗姆尼的人，你都是为我们国家带来转变的力量。我刚刚同罗姆尼通过电话，我祝贺他们这次竞选所取得的成绩。 We may have fought fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply. And we care so stronly about its future. 我们的选战也许非常激烈，但这正是因为我们深爱着这个国家，并且我们十分在意它的未来。 From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to Americans through public service. And that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight. In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward. I want to thank my friend and partner for the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for: Joe Biden. 从罗姆尼整个家庭，孙子辈，孩子辈，整个家庭都献给了美国，这种精神我们将永远铭记。几周之后我将会同罗姆尼坐在一起，讨论我们怎么样推动国家未来的发展。我也感谢在过去四年辛苦奉献的搭档，也是美国最好的副总统，拜登先生。 I want to thank my friend and partner of the last 4 years, America’s happy warrior, the best Vice President anyone could ever hope for: Joe Biden. And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me twenty years ago. Let say this publicly, Michelle I have never loved you more. I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you too as our nation’s first lady. 我(之所以)成为现在的我，必须要感谢20年前与我结婚的女人。我想公开地表达：米歇尔，我从来没有像现在这样爱你！我为你感到非常非常的骄傲，我相信我们的国家也非常爱你，你是我们非常热爱的美国第一夫人。 Sasha and Malia before our very eyes you are growing up to become two strong smart beautiful young women, just like your mom. And im so proud of you guys. But I will say that for now one dog is probably enough. 萨莎和玛莉亚，我挚爱的女儿，你们两个是非常坚强也非常聪明的女性，就像你们的母亲一样，我对你们感到非常的骄傲，但是目前我觉得给你们养一条宠物狗就够了。 To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics. The best. The best ever. Some of you were this time around. Some of you were new this time around and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning but all of you are family. No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the life long appreciation of a grateful president. Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley. You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you’ve put in. 我还要感谢我的竞选团队和志愿者，他们是最好的，最棒的，而且是史上最棒的。有些人是第一次来听我的演说，有些人四年前就听了我的获胜演说，但是每个人对我来讲都是我的一分子，不管你做了什么，不管你去了哪里，你一定会记得我们今天晚上所创的历史，你会一生都感激今晚这个时刻，而且你们会一直记得有一个心怀感激的总统，谢谢你们一路以来对我的信任，我要感谢你们所做的每一件事情。正是因为有了你们，我才会一路坚持下来。我对此将永远感谢，不管你做的什么，你们所做的一切我都心怀感激，并且永远鸣谢。 I know that political campaigns can sometime seem small, even silly, and that provides plenty of fodder for the synics who tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests. But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turn out at rallies and crowded out along a ropline in a high school gym or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else; you’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who is working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity. 我知道这些政治竞选，可能有时候看起来非常愚蠢，而且我们也听到很多人跟我们讲政治有的时候十分愚蠢，可能他只是利益的追求和冲突，但是如果你们真的有机会去和竞选活动上和人们谈论一些问题，或者你看到一些竞选团队，非常辛勤工作的志愿者们，你们的印象会有所改观，因为你能够看到他们有多大的决心。他们也从大学毕业，并希望每一个孩子得到像他们一样的机会。 You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who is going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift. You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who is working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country every has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home. That’s why we do this. That’s what politics can be. That’s why elections matter. It’s not small, it’s big. It’s important. Democracy in a nation of 300-million can be noisy and messy and complicated. We have our own opinions, each of us has deeply held beliefs. And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country; it necisarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy. 大家会听到志愿者骄傲的声音，当他们看到当地的汽车生产商增加了就业的机会，他们会感到非常的骄傲。大家也会看到我们军人深深的爱国情意，他们守护着美国的安全，我们将保证他们回国之后不会再为找工作而烦恼。这就是我们现在所做的一切，这就是我们政治的目的，这也是为什么选举如此重要。这并不是小事情，而是大事情，是至关重要的事情。我们这个拥有3亿人口的国家，民主的情绪可能十分复杂，可能十分混乱，每个人可能都有自己的观点，每个人都有自己深深的信仰，在我们经历艰难时刻，做出艰难抉择时，我们很自然会有冲突，会有情感的表达，但是我认为它不应当影响我们今晚的表现。 That won’t change after tonight and it shouldn’t . These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty. We can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter The chance to cast their ballots like we did today. 这些争论正是我们自由的基础，我们永远不会忘记我们说话的时候，许多国家的人民仍然在冒着风险，希望能够找到解决问题的方法，希望能够争取投票的权利。 But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future. We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers. A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation; with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow, to live in America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality. That isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet. We want to pass on a country that is saved and respected and admired around the world. A nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this world has ever known. But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a peace. That is built on the promise of dignity of every human being. 尽管我们有很多的分歧，大多数人都对美国有共同的希望，我们都希望我们的孩子能够上最好的学校，有最好的老师；我们的国家成为技术以及创新方面的领袖，并且创造更多的就业岗位和更多的企业。我希望我们的孩子不是负债累累，不会受到恐怖力量的威胁。我们也希望我们的国家是安全的，在全球受到尊重和羡慕，并且拥有全世界最强大、最优秀的军队。同时我们的国家也应该是充满信心的国家，结束战争，重塑人类的和平。 We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrants daughter that studies in our schools and pledges to our flag. To the young boy on the south side of Chicago, who sees a light beyond the nearest street corner. To the furniture workers child in North Carolina who wants to become a engineer or a scientist. And engineer or an entrepreneur. A diplomat or even a president, that’s the future we hope for. That’s the vision we share, that’s where we need to go. Forward. That’s where we need to go. 与此同时我们也希望自己的国家，有信心，并且能够不断推动每个人的自由、繁荣和发展，我们相信美国的慷慨和包容，美国的自由和开放，我们将伸开双手迎接那些移民的子女来到美国。我们相信在芝加哥任何一个孩子都可以看到他的希望，在北卡州那些想要成为科学家和医生的学生，想要成为工程师，甚至是总统的学生，这是我们共同要争取的未来，这是我们共同分享的愿景，这也是我们前进的方向。 Now we will disagree sometimes fiercely on how to get there, as it has for more then two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts, it’s not always a straight line or a smooth path. By itself a recognition of our common hopes and dreams won’t end the gridlock. Or solve all our problems or substitute for the hard work of building consensus. And making the difficult compromises needed to move the country forward but that common bond is where we must begin. Our economy is recovering, our decade of war is ending. A long campaign is now over. And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you. I have learned from you and you have made me a better President. With your stories and your struggles, I returned to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead 我们有的时候会对于怎么样向前进有非常强烈的分歧，200年来，大家知道我们的进步一直不是直线的，也不是一帆风顺，我们伴随着很多分歧和不同。我们意识到我们有着共同的梦想，将会使我们结束僵局，努力的促成问题的解决。我们需要妥协，需要使我们国家的继续向前进，这样一种团结的力量是我们现在出发的基础。我们的经济正处于复苏期间，我们十年的战争也已经结束，我们的竞选也已经将告尾声，无论我是否赢得了你们的选票，我都倾听了你们的声音，我都从你们那里学到了很多东西，你们将会使我成为更好的总统。我将会记得你们的故事，你们的抗争，我将会更坚定的入主白宫，并且更坚定的完成未来的工作。 Tonight, you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together: reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil, we’ve got more work to do. 今晚，大家是为行动而不是为政治而投票，希望我们能够更关注你们的工作，而不是我的工作。在今后的几周，我将会与两党领袖会面应对我们的挑战，我们只能够共同应对挑战，减少我们的赤字，改善我们的移民体系，减少对外国石油的依赖，我们有很多工作要做。 But that doesn’t mean your work is done. The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote. America’s never been about what could be done for us, it’s about what can be done by us, together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self-government. That’s the principle we were founded on. 但是这不意味着你们的工作就结束了，在民主社会当中公民的作用并不因为投票而结束，你们一定要问问自己，不是美国能为你们做什么，而是我能为美国做什么，我们要进行自我治理，自我约束，这是我们的原则，也是我们建国的理念。 This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich. We have the most powerful military in history but that’s not what makes us strong. Our university, our culture, are all the envy of the world but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores. What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared, that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and the future generations so that the freedom so many Americans have fought for and died for comes with responsibilities as well as rights, and among those are love, and charity, and duty and patriotism. That’s what makes America great. 我们这个国家是世界上最富有的国家，但并不是我们每个人富有，虽然我们的军队十分强大，但我们个人并不强大，我们的大学、我们的文化，虽然是全球最优秀的，但是却并不是说我们就是全球最优秀的。因为我们是一个多民族的国家，多样性的国家，但是在这样多样性的国家当中，我们有共同的愿景和共识。如果我们推卸责任，不为子孙后代负责，我们将不会是一个能够前进的国家。我们要承担我们的责任，热爱我们的国家，这也是使美国强大的原因。 I am hopeful tonight because I have seen that spirit at work in America. I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job. I’ve seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb, and in those SEALS who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew their was a buddy behind them watching their back. I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm. 我今天晚上充满了希望，因为我看到美国劳动人民的精神，还看到了那些商业人士所做的工作，提供了很多工作机会，而且我还看到那些失业的人民得到了帮助，我还看到战士们仍然守卫着我们的国家，因为他们也知道我们在支持着他们。我还看到新泽西纽约每个政党的领导人，都开始抛开他们的歧见，来探讨怎么从桑迪风暴中重建我们的家园。 And I saw it just the other day, in Mentor, Ohio wehre a father told the story of his eight-year-old daughter who’s long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for healthc are reform passing just a few months before. The insurance company was about to stop paying for her care. I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his, and when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’ story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own. And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright. That’s who we are. That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president. 我们还看到，几天前，俄亥俄州一个父亲说他有一个八岁的女儿，女孩的白血病使他的家庭一贫如洗，他们之前并没有得到医疗保障，后来他们受利于几个月前刚刚通过的医改方案，使他们能够支付起医疗费。我和这位父亲，还有他的女儿都见面了，当他说的时候，在场所有的父母都落泪了，因为我们知道，他的女儿也可能是我们的女儿，我们都希望自己的孩子未来充满光芒，这是每个父母的希望，这是我身为总统引以为豪的。 And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite al lthe frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future. I’ve never been more hopeful about America. And I ask you to sustain that hope. I’m not talking about blind optimism. The kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path. I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight. I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside of us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching to keep working, to keep fighting . 今晚，尽管我们经历了这么多的困难，尽管我们经历了这么多的挫折，我对未来格外充满信心，我对美国格外充满希望，我希望大家延续这种希望，我这里讲的并不是盲目的乐观，指的是我们对未来的挑战，我也没有说天真或者理想化的乐观情绪，我真正的希望，不管我们遇到多少的挫折，多少的困难，只有我们有勇气保持不断努力、不断斗争，不断勇往直前。 America, I believe we can build on the progress we made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founder. The idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love, it doesn’t matter if you’re black or white or Hispanic or asian, or native American, or young or old, or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it. 我相信我们我们能在取得成就的基础上取得新的机会，为美国的中产阶级提供新的希望，我相信我们能够继续延续我们建国者的承诺，不管你来自哪里，不管你的肤色是什么，不管你是黑人、白人、亚裔人，任何种族，不管你是同性恋，还是非同性恋，不管你是贫困的，还是富裕的，你都可以来到美国实现你的梦想。 I believe we can sieze this future together. Because we are not as divided as our politics suggest. We’re not as cynical as the pundents believe. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions. And we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states. We are and forever will be the United States of America. With your help and God’s grace, we will continue our journey forward. And remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, America. God bless you. God bless these United States.” 我相信，我们可以共同迎来这样的未来，因为我们对未来是充满了希望，我们有雄心壮志，我们赢得的不仅仅是这一个选举，而且是一个未来，是美国的未来。我们将会作为一个整体，是美利坚合众国，而不是分成蓝色或者是红色，上帝会引导我们走向这条道路。并且我们相信，我们会成为世界上最伟大的国家，谢谢你们，上帝保佑美国！
奥巴马胜选演讲全文 (2012-11-07 18:54:03) 转载 ▼ 标签： 杂 谈 奥巴马今日赢得大选，随后在芝加哥竞选总部发表胜选演讲，以下是华尔街日报中文网译制的全文： 非常感谢你们。 今夜，在当年的殖民地赢得了决定自己命运的权利200多年以后，让美利坚合众国更加完美的任务又向前推进了一步。 这一进程是因为你们而向前推进的，因为你们再次确认了那种使美国胜利克服了战争和萧条的精神，那种使美国摆脱绝望的深渊并走向希望的最高点的精神，以及那种虽然我们每个人都在追求自己的个人梦想、但我们同属一个美国大家庭、并作为一个国家和民族共同进退的信仰。 今夜，在此次选举中，你们这些美国人民提醒我们，虽然我们的道路一直艰难，虽然我们的旅程一直漫长，但我们已经让自己振作起来，我们已经发起反击，我们在自己内心深处知道，对美利坚合众国来说，最美好一切属于未来。 我想感谢所有参加此次选举的美国人，无论你是首次参加选举还是为投票曾长时间排队等候。顺便说一句，我们需要解决这些问题。无论你是到投票站投票还是发传真投票，无论你选的是奥巴马还是罗姆尼，你都让别人听到了自己的声音，你都让美国因你而不同。 我要对罗姆尼州长说几句话，我对他和保罗•莱恩在这次竞争激烈的选举中的表现表示祝贺。我们可能争夺得很激烈，但这仅仅是因为我们深爱着这个国家以及我们如此强烈地关心着它的未来。从乔治到勒诺到他们的儿子米特，罗姆尼家族选择了通过公共服务来回报美国，那是一种我们今夜表示敬重和赞许的遗产。我期待着今后几周能与罗姆尼州长坐下来讨论一下我们可以从何处着手一起努力将美国推向前进。 我想对我在过去四年中的朋友和伙伴表示感谢。他就是美国的快乐战士、无出其右的最佳副总统乔•拜登。 如果不是那位20年前同意嫁给我的女性，我不会成为今天的我。请让我公开说出下面这段话：米切尔，我对你的爱无以复加，我无比骄傲地看到其他美国人也爱上了你这位我们国家的第一夫人。萨沙和玛利亚，在我们所有人的见证下你们正成长为两个坚强、聪明和美丽的年轻女性，就像你们的妈妈一样。我十分以你们为荣。不过我要说的是，眼下家里养一条狗或许已经够了。 在这个有史以来的最佳竞选团队和有史以来的最佳志愿者队伍中，你们有些人是这次新加入进来的，有些人则是一开始就在我身边。但你们所有人都属于一个大家庭。无论你的工作是什么，无论你从哪里来，你们都将获得我们共同创造的历史记忆，你们都将被一位充满感激之情的总统终生感激。感谢你们始终充满信心，无论是在高峰还是在低谷。你们鼓舞着我走完整个选举过程，我对你们所做的每件事、你们所做的每项不可思议的工作将一直充满感激。 我知道政治角力有时会显得小家子气甚至愚蠢。它为愤世嫉俗者提供了足够的口实，他们告诉我们政治不过是自负者之间的竞争，是特殊利益集团的地盘。但如果你曾经有机会与参加我们集会的那些人以及高中体育馆内挤在隔离绳外的那些人攀谈，或者看到那些在远离家乡的偏远小县的竞选办公室内加班工作的人，你会发现一些别的东西。 你将从一位年轻的活动现场组织者的声音里听到他的决心，他边在大学里学习边从事助选工作，他希望确保每个孩子都能拥有同样的机会。你将从一位志愿者的声音里听到她的骄傲，她挨门动员选民是因为她哥哥终因当地一家汽车制造厂增加了一个班次而有了工作。你将从一对军人夫妇的声音里听到深深的爱国情怀。他们深夜时还在接听选举电话，以确保那些曾经为这个国家作战的人不会返回家园时还要为得到一份工作或栖身之所而苦苦争斗。 正因为如此，我们要进行选举。这是政治所能够实现的。正因为如此，选举很重要。这不是小事，而是大事，是至关重要的事。在一个有三亿人口的国家实行民主制度可能嘈杂不堪、一团混乱、情况复杂。我们有自己的观点。我们每个人都有自己深信的信仰。当我们经历艰难时期，当我们作为一个国家做出重大决定时，这必然会激发热情，也必然会引发争议。 今晚过后，这都不会改变，也不应该改变。我们进行的这些争论恰恰体现了我们的自由。我们永远不应忘记，就在我们讲话之际，遥远国度的人们现在正冒着生命危险，仅仅是为了获得一个能够对重要问题进行争论、像我们今天这样投票的机会。 不过，尽管我们存在这样那样的分歧，我们大多数人都对美国的未来有着某些共同的希望。我们希望我们的孩子成长的国家能够让他们上最好的学校、接受最好老师的教导。一个无愧于全球技术、探索和创新领袖光辉历史的国家，倘能如此，各种好工作和新企业将随之而来。 我们希望我们的孩子能够生活在一个没有债务之累、没有不公之苦、没有全球变暖带来的破坏之虞的美国。我们希望留给后代一个安全、受到全球尊重和赞赏的国家，一个由全球有史以来最强大的军事力量和最好的部队保卫的国家，一个满怀信心走过战争、在人人享有自由和尊严的承诺之上构建和平的国家。 我们坚信一个慷慨的美国、一个富有同情心的美国、一个宽容的美国。美国向一位移民的女儿的梦想打开了大门，让她有机会在我们的学校学习、对着我们的国旗宣誓；美国向芝加哥南部地区的一个小男孩打开了大门，让有机会他看到一个最近街角以外的远大人生；美国向北卡罗来纳州的一位家具工人的孩子打开了大门，让他有机会实现自己当医生或科学家、工程师或企业家、外交官甚至是总统的梦想，这是我们希望的未来。这是我们共同的愿景。这是我们奔赴的方向，向前的方向。这是我们需要实现的目标。 现在，我们对如何实现这一目标存在分歧，有时分歧还很严重。正如两个多世纪以来一样，进展的取得将是断断续续，并非总是一条直线，并非总是一帆风顺。 承认我们拥有共同的希望和梦想，仅凭这一点不会结束所有的僵局，或解决我们所有的问题，或代替推动这个国家向前所需的达成共识和做出艰难让步的辛苦努力。不过，这一共同的纽带是我们必须开始的地方。 我们的经济正在好转。长达10年的战争即将结束。一场漫长的竞选现已落幕。无论我是否赢得了你们的选票，我一直在倾听你们的故事，向你们学习，是你们使我成为一位更好的总统。听过你们的故事和困难经历，我在重返白宫时对今后需要做的工作和未来将怀着比以往更坚定的决心和更大的热情。 今晚你们把票投给了行动，而不是像以往投给了政治。你们选举我们来专注于你们的工作，而不是我们的工作。在未来的几周和几个月内，我将期待与两党领袖接触并合作，以便面对我们团结一致才能解决的问题。减少赤字，改革税法，修改移民制度，摆脱对外国石油的依赖。我们还很更多工作要做。 但这并不意味着你们的工作就此结束。民主国家公民的角色并不随着投票完结而结束。美国看重的从来都不是能够为我们个人做些什么，而是我们团结一致通过自治这一艰难、令人倍感挫折但必要的工作能够实现什么。这正是我们的立国之本。 美国的财富多于世界上任何其他国家，但真正让我们富有的并非金钱；我们拥有有史以来最强大的军力，但真正让我们充满力量的并非军队；我们的大学和文化为全世界所艳羡，但美国真正吸引各国人踏上这片土地的魅力也不在于此。 真正让美国与众不同的，是将这个地球上最多元化的国家的人民团结到一起的那些纽带。是我们共命运的信念，是只有当我们肩负某些对彼此以及对后代的责任美国才能走下去的信念，是无数的美国人前赴后继为之奋斗的自由──它既赋予了我们权利，也给我们带来了责任；是爱、慈善、义务和爱国。正是这些让美国变得伟大。 今晚，我满怀希望，因为我已经看到美国精神正在得以发扬。我看到有些家族企业，所有者宁可减少自己的薪酬也不愿让邻居丢掉工作；我看到有些工人宁愿缩减自己的工时也不愿看到朋友没有活干；我看到有些士兵在失去一条腿或胳膊之后又选择再次入伍；我看到海豹突击队员不避危险冲上楼梯、冲入黑暗，因为他们知道有一个兄弟在做他的后盾。 在新泽西和纽约的海岸，我也看到了美国精神。每一个政党和各级政府的领导者都捐弃分歧，为在骇人风暴过后的废墟上重建社区各尽己力。就在不久前的一天，在俄亥俄的门托，我看到一位父亲在讲述他8岁女儿的故事。这个女孩与白血病进行了长期的斗争，如果不是因为几个月前通过的医改法案，保险公司就会停止支付医疗费用，他们的家庭就将失去一切。 我曾有机会与这位父亲攀谈，不仅如此，我还见到了他的女儿，这个非常了不起的小姑娘。当这位父亲向倾听他的故事的人讲述时，每一位在场的父母的眼里都含着泪水，因为我们知道，我们自己的孩子也有可能遇到这种状况。而且我知道，每一位美国人都希望这位小女孩的未来能像所有人的未来一样光明。这就是美国人，这就是美国，我为自己能够成为这个国家的总统、带领这个国家前行感到无比光荣。 今晚，尽管我们遭遇了很多困难，尽管华盛顿有诸多不尽人意之处，我仍从未像现在这样对未来充满希望。我从未像现在这样对美国充满希望。我请大家也保持这样的希望。我所说的并非盲目的乐观主义，不是那种看不到眼前的任务有多么艰巨、看不到前行的路上有什么样的障碍的希望；我所说的并非作壁上观或是临战退缩的一厢情愿的理想主义。 我一直相信，所谓希望就是我们内心倔强地坚持的力量，相信不管有多少相反的证据，都要相信有更好的东西在等着我们，只要我们有勇气不断前行、不懈工作、不停战斗。 国民们，我相信我们有能力在已经取得的进步的基础上再进一步，继续为了给中产阶级创造新的工作、新的机遇、新的保障而战斗。我相信我们有能力信守开国者们许下的诺言，信守这样一种理念，那就是不管你是谁，不管你来自哪里，不管你长相如何，不管你爱着哪个地方，你所需要做的就是努力工作。不管你的肤色是黑是白，不管你是拉美裔、亚裔还是美国原住民，不管你年轻还是年老，富有还是贫穷，身体健全或是残障，同性恋还是异性恋，只要你愿意努力，就能够在美国大有作为。 我相信我们有能力共同握住这样的未来，因为美国人民并不像政界那么严重分歧。美国人民不像某些饱学之士所认为的那样愤世嫉俗。美国的抱负并不是每一个美国人的抱负的简单加总，美国也不是红州和蓝州的简单联合。我们是美利坚合众国，我们将永远是美利坚合众国。 有你们的帮助，有上帝的仁慈，我们将继续携手前行，让全世界知道我们生活在全球最伟大的国度的原因到底是什么。 谢谢你，国民们，上帝保佑你们，上帝保佑美国。 以下为英文全文，来自 美国广播公司 ： Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny to perfect our union moves forward. (Applause) It moves forward because of you. It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that triumphs over war an depression. The spirit that has lifted the spirit from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope. The belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams we are an American family and we will rise and fall as one nation, and as one people. (Applause) Tonight in this election you the American people reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come. (Applause) I want to thank every American who participated in this election. Whether you voted for the very first time or waited in line for a very long time; by the way we have to fix that. (Applause) Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone. Whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign your voice was heard and you made a difference. I just spoke Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Congressman Ryan on a hard fought campaign. We may have battled fiercely, but it is only because we love this country deeply and we care so much about its future. From George and Lenore, to their son Mitt – the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through their public service and that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight. In the weeks ahead I also look forward to sitting down with governor Romney to figure out where we can work together to move this country forward. I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, Americas "happy warrior" the best Vice President you could hope for; Joe Biden. (Applause) And I wouldn't be the man today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago; let me say this publicly Michelle I have never loved you more. I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you too as our nation's first lady. Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes you're growing up to become two smart, beautiful young women just like your mom. (Applause) And I am so proud of you guys; but I will say for now one dog is probably enough. Sasha and Malia, before our very eyes, you're growing up to become two strong, smart, beautiful young women just like your mom *cheers* and I'm so proud of you guys. But I will say that for now one dog Is probably enough *laughs*. To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics *cheers* the best, the best ever. Some of you were new this time around and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning *cheers* but all of you are family, no matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president. Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley, you lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you have done and all the incredible work that you've put in *cheers*. I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly, and that provides plenty of fodder of the cynics who tell us that politics are nothing more than a contest of egos, or the domain of special interests, but if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along the rope line at a high school gym, or saw folks working late at a campaign office at some tiny county far away from home, you'll discover something else. You'll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who's working his way through college and wants to make sure that every child has that same opportunity *cheers*. You'll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who is going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift *cheers*. You'll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who's working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job, or a roof over their head when they come home *cheers*. That's why we do this, that's what politics can be, that's why elections matter. It's not small, it's big, it's important. Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated. We have our own opinions, each of us has deeply held beliefs and when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, it stirs up controversy. That won't change after tonight and it shouldn't. These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty and we can never forget that as we speak people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter, the chance to cast their ballots like we did today *cheers* But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America's future, we want our kids to grow up in a country where they access to the best schools and the best teachers. (Applause) A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation. With all the new jobs and new businesses that follow. We want our children to live in America that isn't burdened by debt, that isn't weakened by inequality. That isn't weakened by the destructive power of a warming planet. (Applause) We want to pass on a country that is safe, and respected, and admired around the world. A nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this world has ever known. (Applause) But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war that will shape a peace that is built on freedom and dignity for every human being. We believe in a generous America. In a compassionate America. In a tolerant America, open to the dreams of a immigrants daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag. (applause) To the young boy from the South Side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the street corner. (Cheers) TO the furniture workers child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, and engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president. That's the future we hope for, the vision we share. That is where we need to go. Forward. (Cheers) That's where we need to go. Now we will disagree, sometimes fiercely how to get there – as it has for more than two centuries progress will come in fits and starts it's not always a straight line, it's not always a smooth path. By itself the recognition we have common hopes and dreams won't end all the gridlock, or solve all our problems or substitute for all the painstaking work for building our consensus or making the difficult compromises to move this country forward. But that common bond is where we must begin. Our economy is recovering. A decade of war is ending. A long campaign is now over. And whether I earned your vote or not I have listened to you, I have learned from you and you've made me a better president and with your stories and your struggles I return to the White House more determined and more inspired about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead. (Applause) Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together; reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil. We've got more work to do! But that doesn't mean your work is done. The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote. America has never been about what can be done for us it's about what can be done by us by the hard, frustrating but necessary work of self government. That is the principle we were founded on. This country has more wealth than any nation, but that's not what makes us rich. We have the most powerful military in history but that's not what makes us strong. Our university, our culture, are all the envy of the world but that's what keeps the world coming to our shores. What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on earth, the belief that our destiny is shared, that this country only works when we except certain obligations to one another and the future generations so that the freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for comes with responsibilities as well as rights and among those are love, and charity, and duty, and patriotism. That's what makes America great. *cheers* I am hopeful tonight because I've seen the spirit at work in America. I have seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job. I've seen it in the soldiers who reenlist after losing a limb and in those SEALS that charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back *cheers*. I've seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm. (Cheers, applause.)And I saw it just the other day in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his 8-year-old daughter whose long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for health care reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care. (Cheers, applause.) I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his. And when he spoke to the crowd, listening to that father's story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own. And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright. That's who we are. That's the country I'm so proud to lead as your president. (Cheers, applause.) And tonight, despite all the hardship we've been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I've never been more hopeful about our future. (Cheers, applause.) I have never been more hopeful about America. And I ask you to sustain that hope. I'm not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path. I'm not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight. I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting. (Cheers, applause.) America, I believe we can build on the progress we've made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if you're willing to work hard, it doesn't matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love (ph). It doesn't matter whether you're black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or straight. (Cheers, applause.) You can make it here in America if you're willing to try. I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggest. We are not as cynical as the pendants believe. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states, we are and forever will be the United States of America and together with your help and Gods grace we will continue to journey forward and remind the world what it is to live in the greatest nation on earth. Thank you America. God bless us. God bless these United States. (Applause)
根据俺认真观摩 奥巴马和罗姆尼 的电视辩论， 在和 新闻联播 之类的正面素材相对比， Open in Google Docs Viewer Open link in new tab Open link in new window Open link in new incognito window Download file Copy link address Edit PDF File on PDFescape.com Open in Google Docs Viewer Open link in new tab Open link in new window Open link in new incognito window Download file Copy link address Edit PDF File on PDFescape.com Open in Google Docs Viewer Open link in new tab Open link in new window Open link in new incognito window Download file Copy link address Edit PDF File on PDFescape.com 得出结论： 奥巴马和罗姆尼都不是好东西！ 在辩论上，双方 互相揭底 ，把对方说的一无是处， （除了礼节性地说说对方的出发点也很好、这个问题很好之类的套话外）， 对比之下， 这两个家伙基本上是两个恶棍， 不仁不义不忠不信。。 不明白美国人民干嘛还让他们做候选人？？
这次选战中，一个热门话题是奥巴马的言论：“如果你有一个公司，那不是你建的。”这句话几乎成了共和党全国大会的主题。而民主党则指责对手歪曲了奥巴马的原意。 这句话是奥巴马最近在佛吉尼亚的集会上说的。原话是： “If you were successful, somebody along the line gave you some help. There was a great teacher somewhere in your life. Somebody helped to create this unbelievable American system that we have that allowed you to thrive. Somebody invested in roads and bridges. If you’ve got a business. you didn’t build that. Somebody else made that happen. The Internet didn’t get invented on its own. Government research created the Internet so that all the companies could make money off the Internet.” “如果你成功的话，一定是有人在有些时候帮了你。你可能有一个出色的老师。有人建设了美国的绝佳系统，允许你脱颖而出。有人为在道路和桥梁投资。如果你有个公司，那不是你建的。其他人成就了它。英特网不是天上掉下来的。政府研究创造了英特网而让所有公司赚钱。” 这段话的歧义在于，那个“那不是你建的（you didn’t build that）”的“那”（英文的“that”），是指同一句话里的“公司”（共和党的声称），还是前一句话里的“道路和桥梁”（民主党的声称）。这个问题可以请语法专家去回答。我这里只是想由此引申出两党的一个重要理念区别：政府在美国社会中的作用究竟是什么？ 共和党认为，经济和社会发展的根本动力是个人的努力。而政府只是为这种努力提供条件。所以除非必要，政府应该尽量减少参与，而给个人提供更多空间。而民主党则认为，政府提供了个人活动的舞台和框架。用奥巴马的话来说，政府管理的政治经济系统“允许”了个人的成功。所以政府在经济活动中应该是一个大的参与者，甚至起到主导作用。在这一点上，我比较偏向于（但不是完全同意）共和党的立场，虽然我的根据也许不同于他们。 在这次民主党全国大会上，克林顿和奥巴马都反复提到“集体努力”。他们说，我们不是孤立的个人，而是一个整体的一部分。我们互相帮助，荣损与共。所以我们需要一个有力的政府，来支持我们的社会经济。在这里，他们偷换了概念：“荣损与共”的是社区，而不是政府。政府是社会的一部分，而不是全部。我们需要社会上的合作，但不一定需要一个大政府。在地球上很多地方，我们今天看作政府职责的许多事，如帮助穷人，为小企业融资，维持公义等，是由社区完成的。社区的人际联系网络是一个社会的基本纤维。用一个“无所不在”的政府去取代社区，使得“相互依靠”变成“依靠政府”，反而会削弱这个网络而降低社会的稳定性。 民主党提倡“大政府”理念时，常常提到“投资”：政府对科研，教育，基础设施建设的投资。的确，在这些问题上政府有着私人机构不可代替的功能。它集中一定的社会资源，投入到对社会整体有益的事情中去。但是民主党的说法是一种误导，因为这些“投资”只是当今政府的一小部分。下图中显示了过去五十年来美国联邦政府在科研，教育和交通建设和营运中的花费在总花费中的比例。我们可以看到，每项花费额都很小，其中总和也只在百分之十左右。当然我不是说其它的政府花费都不应该或不必要。我只是说民主党用这些“投资”来为当今政府的存在辩护，逻辑上是不对的。我们从图中还能看到，在共和党和民主党执政的时期中（分别在图底以红色和蓝色标出），这个“投资”在政府花费中的比例没有系统性的差别。所以给主张“小政府”共和党戴上“反对公共利益，反对为美国投资”的帽子也是没有根据的。 数据来源：白宫管理与预算办公室Office of Management and Budget 近几十年以来，中国以“集权加市场经济”的模式取得了举世瞩目的经济成就。在西方世界中，政府相对强势的德国也在经济上一枝独秀。这就引起了关于“国家资本主义”的讨论。有人认为，国家资本主义集中社会资源进行长远投资，可以让经济更有效率，决策更明智。奥巴马也曾主张“基本建设大跃进”，由政府出资大建高速铁路等基本设施。当然这个主张至今进展有限，其中原因就不在本文范围内了。其实这种讨论并不新鲜。上世纪八十年代，日本经济成长迅速成为世界第二，在很多国际市场甚至美国国内市场把美国打得招架不住。当时“向日本学习”也是一个常常听到的口号。日本的长处除了重视教育，勤劳肯干外，也包括资源高度集中（不是在政府手里而是在几个大公司手里），政府管制强势。但三十年过去了，美国并未像日本的方向演变，日本也终究没有超过美国。这里面其实有很多深刻的原因。其中之一就是：政府主导的决策和资源配置更适合于目标已经明确，而需要优化实施过程的情况。排除了各方面的利害冲突和沟通障碍而由政府统一主导，的确允许了更大程度上的优化（这里不谈价值观问题）。但是在目标不明确的情况下，集中资源于事无补，反而削弱了探索，尝试的动力和能力。在这个意义上，作为“追赶的国家”来说，国家资本主义也许是一个好的选择。但在美国如今的地位，没有人能知道未来的走向，也就没有人有资格扮演“主导者”。奥巴马在宣传他的政府理念时，每每把美国说成“落后于中国”。这说明他也知道上面的道理。但美国真的落后于中国，可以追随中国的道路吗？至少在总体上，答案是否定的。奥巴马治下发展高铁和绿色能源的经历，也说明了“追赶中国”是行不通的。分散的，自下而上的“谷歌模式”，应该是更适合美国发展的模式。 对于坚信民主理念的人来说，让公选出来的政府及其官员来决定国家大事似乎没什么不对。他们应该是代表了大多数人民的利益和理念。除开管理现代国家的复杂性和选民的有限能力不谈，在目前的美国，以民主政治体系作为决策机制至少有两个基本问题。第一，目前美国有近半数的人不需要缴付联邦所得税【注二】。当然他们也通过工资税，使用费等其它方式对国家做出贡献。但是那些负担基本是不随政治决策而变的。所以在考虑政府服务的价格性能比时，他们不是利益相关者。这种现象的存在就给民主决策的明智性打了折扣。 其次，民主制度的另一个基本问题是如何保护少数人的利益不被多数人的决定所侵犯。为此，美国宪法对政府的权限作了明确的规定。与宪法同时通过的十个修正案组成“人权法案“（bill of rights），规定了政府不得通过立法和执法侵犯公民的某些权利。然而，除了立法执法外，政府还有一个强有力的工具，就是它的财务花费。通过拨款中的附加条款，政府可以推行某些社会价值和理念，而这些本来不在其权力范围之内。例如这次克林顿演讲中就提到，在救助汽车公司的法案中带有降低能耗的条件。前几年政府也曾利用华尔街银行“股东”的地位要求他们降低高官的奖金水平。共和党也做过类似的事情，例如禁止接受联邦资助的诊所介绍人工流产的选项，拒绝资助人体干细胞研究等。在理论上说，这种理念的推行是“自愿”的：你可以拒绝政府的资助，就不用接受那些条件。这与立法和执法的确不同。然而当政府成为社会中最强势的经济实体时，“不接受”往往不是一个现实的选项。当然，如果你同意他们推行的这些理念，你可能会觉得这没什么大不了，甚至是政府应该做的。而且这些行为也受到民主机制的监督和制约，而不是政府中少数人的为所欲为。但我的看法是：这不是具体理念的问题，而是一个权力的问题。是否应该允许政府运用财政手段来绕过宪法的限制？如果我们相信对政府权力的限制是必要的，那么这种限制也需要落实到它的荷包上。 近年来美国政府的表现给了我们另一个理由限制它的规模。从小布什年代以来，美国政治日益两极化，国会中两党对立扯皮成为常态。奥巴马上台以来未能实现“变革”，反而沿着两党对立的路越走越远。从“健保法案”的强行过关到降低赤字问题达不成协议造成国债评级下降，我们看不到民主机制的成功。最近一向主张削减国防开支的民主党，大肆宣扬执行两党谈判结果的“自动减支”协议可能对国防损害，给我的印象是他们以国防经费为“人质”逼迫对方就范。当然，国会陷于两党争斗不是民主党单方面的责任。共和党很早就宣布以挫败奥巴马连任为首要目标。他们在国会处处设障也是造成如今政府僵局之重要的，如果不是更重要的原因。在这里我无法仔细分析其中因缘，而只想指出这样的事实：如此能力的政府，如何能让我们信任它主导经济？即使“大政府”的理念是正确的，这个政府也必须先从“小”做起取得信用，才能变“大”。 那么如果我们主张小政府的话，是否选出共和党就万事大吉了呢？并非如此。下图显示了过去五十年来政府支出占GDP的比例，并在底部用红色和蓝色标出了共和党和民主党主掌白宫的时间【注一】。我们可以看到，从政府规模来说，两党的记录并无明显区别。事实上，政府规模的最大削减开始于老布什任期而持续在克林顿任期（其中有很多年是共和党在国会占多数）。而小布什任期内，因为反恐需要而增大了政府规模。而在前几年金融危机时，政府规模更是急剧增加。所以尽管两党理念不同，但在政府规模方面的实际行动却不相上下。尽管共和党主张在经济活动中减少政府的管制与参与而让自由市场来调控，他们却每每支持通过政府权力推行某些价值观的做法。 数据来源：白宫管理与预算办公室Office of Management and Budget 不管理念如何，政府总有自我膨胀的内在动力，政客们也在政府膨胀中获得更多权力。所以要制衡政府的膨胀，还是要靠我们自己。当然，政府规模并不是唯一的问题。政府该做什么和不该做什么是更重要的问题。但作为普通公民，我们没有精力和能力去了解和影响政府运作的一切。作为第一步，我们只能着眼于控制政府的总体规模。在投票或其他形式参与政治时，也许可以着重一下几件事。 首先，在美国，传统上对“大政府”就有天然的警惕，所以政府扩张并不那么容易。但是在遇到紧急情况时，人们就比较容易接受增加政府权力和功能。布什任期的政府扩张是在遭到恐怖袭击之后。奥巴马任期的引子是金融危机。这并不错。在面临危机时，通常的考虑要暂时放一放。但关键是“暂时”两个字。危机会过去，但政府扩张了要恢复就很难。所以我们作为选民要有历史眼光，至少记得危机前的状态，而不是一概把“当前”当作讨论的基准。 其次，我们做过家庭理财的都知道，任何时候总有很多“应该”的支出：买一辆新车，去某地旅行，房子装修一下，等等。这些支出每一项都会带来好处，但加在一起如果超出了负担能力，那就必须取舍了。国家也是一样。如果花钱没限制的话，“利国利民”的好事谁都会做。而真正的领导能力就是在财政约束下作出困难的决定，而不是敞开花钱。从二十世纪初，美国就有了“国债封顶”法律，每次国债数量超过封顶都要国会批准。但以往这只是例行公事。上次增加国债限额的提案差点造成重大危机，是两党在国会僵局的表现。不过这也有好处，就是引起了大众对国债水平的重视。当然增加国债通不过的话会带来重大灾难。但这不等于政府就有了不断增加国债的执照。如果能把每次国债增加的提案都变成关于政府规模的讨论，迫使政府作出一些削减，那就等于给政府膨胀加了一条“箍”，造成了一个花钱的硬约束。 另一个花钱的硬约束是收税。民主党常常把“交税”与“贡献”等同起来。反对加税就是“不愿作贡献”。这又是一种忽悠。对国家的贡献有很多方式，不等于就要把钱交给政府去花。国家税收有两个功能，一个是征集资源，一个是进行收入再分配。前者涉及到总税收水平，后者涉及到贫富人之间的税赋分布。很多人把两者混淆起来：为了公平，富人就要多交税，然后政府就能多拿钱，也就是“劫富不济贫”。其实解决的办法也很简单。要为了公平给富人加税，那就把多收的钱直接分给穷人或用来还国债，不准进入政府预算；政府钱不够了要加税，那就所有人按同样比例加。或者更直接些：不是说布什减税就是便宜了富人吗？那就全部取消布什减税（而不是像奥巴马提出的只取消富人的部分），然后再作调整。共和党的主张是坚决反对任何加税，还要给所有人（包括富人）减税。这在目前的经济和政治状况下是很不妥当的，我反对这个立场。但是他们以的另一个主张，就是以宪法修正案的形式规定加税必须由“超多数”通过，我是很赞成的。控制了税赋来源，才能有效控制政府规模。 另一个控制税赋规模的途径就是扩大交税的人口，而且规定加税必须按比例加。这样选民在投票接受加税时，自己的利益多少都会受到影响。奥巴马通过只向富人加税来资助他的健保改革，是玩弄政治权术的做法。只要自己不需多交税，大多数人都愿意政府多花钱，自己多少受点益。问题是今天是富人，明天就可能是你我，因为还有近一半的选民反正是不用交税的，他们乐得投票加你我的税。长此以往，民主就会变质。美国以前为反对“交税而没有投票权”不惜发起独立战争。今天，我们也应该把“绝大多数选民都要交税”作为一项国策。（如前所说，这里说的是受政策影响的所得税。其他税赋是固定的，不影响投票决定，不在讨论范围内。）对于穷人，可以由政府提供现金补助（如上段所说），但这现金也要交税。这样，才在某种意义上实现民主党高喊的“同舟共济”。 美国的建国理念是基于洛克（John Locke）的理论：所有权利都天然属于个人。人们为了在一个社会共存和更好地实现自己的利益，通过某种“合同”的形式放弃部分权利而让政府管理他们。按照这个理论，政府是人民“不得已”的选择而应该被保持在最小范围。然而，政府并不总是一个驯服工具。一旦它存在而且拥有一定的权力和资源，它就会“自我喂养”而变得越来越庞大，甚至取得主导地位。那时就不是政府依靠人民的授权而存在，而是人民依赖政府的运作而生存了。所以，“小政府”的理念不能靠政府来维持，不管是哪个党的政府。这个理念只能靠我们大家，靠我们对政府扩张的不断警惕和反抗，靠我们看紧自己的钱包。 【注一】用政府支出占GDP的比例来衡量政府规模是个简单的办法，但要注意的是，如果政府支出不变但经济成长加速或减慢，这个度量也会变化。所以有时这个变化是超出总统的控制能力的。 【注二】罗姆尼最近也提到近一半人不交税这个事情。但我这里说的与他的立场是两回事。我不评论这些人是否“懒惰”或这样的系统是否公平。我只是说这种状况会影响民主的运行。 有关文章： 正戏开场——简评美国两党全国大会 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-309766-611486.html 凯恩斯主义与经济刺激：真是灵丹妙药吗？ http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=309766do=blogid=557391 大政府能救美国吗？ http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=309766do=blogid=428795 中国的优势在哪里？ http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=326532 剖析美国国债难题：让数字说话 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=309766do=blogquickforward=1id=469276
Remarks by the President at the Democratic National Convention Time Warner Cable Arena Charlotte, North Carolina September 6, 2012 10:24 P.M. EDT MRS. OBAMA: I am so thrilled激动 and so honored荣幸 and so proud to introduce the love爱人 of my life一生, the father of our two girls, and the President of the United States of America -- Barack Obama. (Applause.) THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you. Thank you so much. AUDIENCE: Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! THE PRESIDENT: Thank you so much. Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you very much, everybody. Thank you. Michelle, I love you so much. A few nights ago, everybody was reminded just what a lucky man I am. (Applause.) Malia and Sasha, we are so proud of you. And, yes, you do have to go to school in the morning. (Laughter.) And, Joe Biden, thank you for being the very best Vice President I could have ever hoped for, and being a strong and loyal忠诚 friend. (Applause.) Madam Chairwoman, delegates代表们, I accept your nomination提名 for President of the United States. (Applause.) Now, the first time I addressed this convention 大会in 2004, I was a younger man, a Senate candidate from Illinois, who spoke about hope -- not blind optimism, not wishful thinking, but hope in the face of difficulty; hope in the face of uncertainty; that dogged 躲闪faith in the future which has pushed this nation forward, even when the odds艰难 are great, even when the road is long. Eight years later, that hope has been tested by the cost of war, by one of the worst economic crises in history, and by political gridlock死结 that’s left us wondering whether it’s still even possible to tackle解决 the challenges问题 of our time. I know campaigns竞选 can seem small, even silly sometimes. Trivial琐碎 things become big distractions吸引. Serious issues become sound bites. The truth gets buried under an avalanche雪崩 of money and advertising. If you’re sick of hearing me approve this message, believe me, so am I. (Laughter and applause.) But when all is said and done -- when you pick up that ballot选票 to vote -- you will face the clearest choice of any time in a generation. Over the next few years, big decisions will be made in Washington on jobs, the economy, taxes and deficits赤字, energy, education, war and peace -- decisions that will have a huge impact on our lives and on our children’s lives for decades to come. And on every issue, the choice you face won’t just be between two candidates or two parties. It will be a choice between two different paths for America, a choice between two fundamentally根本 different visions for the future. Ours is a fight to restore 恢复the values that built the largest middle class and the strongest economy the world has ever known -- (applause) -- the values my grandfather defended追求 as a soldier in Patton’s Army, the values that drove my grandmother to work on a bomber assembly line装配线 while he was gone. They knew they were part of something larger -- a nation that triumphed 战胜over fascism法西斯 and depression; a nation where the most innovative businesses turned out the world’s best products. And everyone shared in that pride and success, from the corner office to the factory floor. My grandparents were given the chance to go to college, buy their own home, and fulfill 实现the basic bargain 原则at the heart of America’s story -- the promise that hard work will pay off, that responsibility will be rewarded, that everyone gets a fair shot and everyone does their fair share and everyone plays by the same rules from Main Street to Wall Street to Washington, D.C. (Applause.) And I ran for President because I saw that basic bargain slipping away. I began my career helping people in the shadow of a shuttered关闭 steel mill钢铁厂 at a time when too many good jobs were starting to move overseas. And by 2008, we had seen nearly a decade in which families struggled with costs that kept rising but paychecks 工资that didn’the; folks racking 积攒up more and more debt just to make the mortgage 抵押or pay tuition学费, put gas in the car or food on the table. And when the house of cards collapsed in the Great Recession, millions of innocent Americans lost their jobs, their homes, their life savings -- a tragedy from which we’re still fighting to recover. Now, our friends down in Tampa at the Republican Convention were more than happy to talk about everything they think is wrong with America. But they didn’t have much to say about how they’d make it right. (Applause.) They want your vote, but they don’t want you to know their plan. And that’s because all they have to offer is the same prescriptions they’ve had for the last 30 years -- Have a surplus? Try a tax cut. Deficit too high? Try another. Feel a cold coming on? Take two tax cuts, roll back some regulations and call us in the morning. (Applause.) Now, I’ve cut taxes for those who need it -- middle-class families, small businesses. But I don’t believe that another round of tax breaks for millionaires will bring good jobs to our shores or pay down our deficit. I don’t believe that firing teachers or kicking students off financial aid will grow the economy, or help us compete with the scientists and engineers coming out of China. (Applause.) After all we’ve been through, I don’t believe that rolling back regulations on Wall Street will help the small businesswoman expand or the laid-off construction worker keep his home. We have been there. We’ve tried that and we’re not going back. We are moving forward, America. (Applause.) Now, I won’t pretend the path I’m offering is quick or easy. I never have. You didn’t elect me to tell you what you wanted to hear. You elected me to tell you the truth. (Applause.) And the truth is it will take more than a few years for us to solve challenges that have built up over decades. It will require common effort and shared responsibility, and the kind of bold, persistent experimentation that Franklin Roosevelt罗斯福新政 pursued during the only crisis worse than this one. (Applause.) And, by the way, those of us who carry on his party’s legacy should remember that not every problem can be remedied with another government program or dictate独裁 from Washington. But know this, America -- our problems can be solved. (Applause.) Our challenges can be met. The path we offer may be harder, but it leads to a better place. And I’m asking you to choose that future. (Applause.) I’m asking you to rally around a set of goals for your country -- goals in manufacturing, energy, education, national security, and the deficit -- real, achievable plans that will lead to new jobs, more opportunity and rebuild this economy on a stronger foundation. That’s what we can do in the next four years -- and that is why I’m running for a second term as President of the United States. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: Four more years! Four more years! THE PRESIDENT: We can choose a future where we export more products and outsource 丢失fewer jobs. After a decade that was defined by what we bought and borrowed, we’re getting back to basics, and doing what America has always done best: We are making things again. (Applause.) I’ve met workers in Detroit and Toledo -- (applause) -- who feared they’d never build another American car. And today, they can’t build them fast enough, because we reinvented a dying auto industry that’s back on the top of the world. (Applause.) I’ve worked with business leaders who are bringing jobs back to America -- not because our workers make less pay, but because we make better products. Because we work harder and smarter than anyone else. (Applause.) I’ve signed trade agreements that are helping our companies sell more goods to millions of new customers -- goods that are stamped印记with three proud words: Made in America. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: U.S.A! U.S.A.! U.S.A.! THE PRESIDENT: And after a decade of decline, this country created over half a million manufacturing jobs in the last two and a half years. And now you have a choice: We can give more tax breaks to corporations that ship jobs overseas, or we can start rewarding companies that open new plants and train new workers and create new jobs here, in the United States of America. (Applause.) We can help big factories and small businesses double their exports, and if we choose this path, we can create a million new manufacturing jobs in the next four years. You can make that happen. You can choose that future. You can choose the path where we control more of our own energy. After 30 years of inaction, we raised fuel standards so that by the middle of the next decade, cars and trucks will go twice as far on a gallon of gas. (Applause.) We have doubled our use of renewable energy, and thousands of Americans have jobs today building wind turbines风车 and long-lasting batteries. In the last year alone, we cut oil imports by 1 million barrels a day -- more than any administration in recent history. And today, the United States of America is less dependent on foreign oil than at any time in the last two decades. (Applause.) So now you have a choice -- between a strategy that reverses this progress, or one that builds on 推进it. We’ve opened millions of new acres for oil and gas exploration in the last three years, and we’ll open more. But unlike my opponent, I will not let oil companies write决定 this country’s energy plan, or endanger our coastlines, or collect another $4 billion in corporate welfare from our taxpayers. We’re offering a better path. (Applause.) We’re offering a better path, where we -- a future where we keep investing in wind and solar and clean coal; where farmers and scientists harness new biofuels to power our cars and trucks; where construction workers build homes and factories that waste less energy; where we develop a hundred-year supply of natural gas that’s right beneath our feet. If you choose this path, we can cut our oil imports in half by 2020 and support more than 600,000 new jobs in natural gas alone. (Applause.) And, yes, my plan will continue to reduce the carbon pollution that is heating our planet -- because climate change is not a hoax欺骗. More droughts and floods and wildfires are not a joke玩笑. They are a threat to our children’s future. And in this election, you can do something about it. (Applause.) You can choose a future where more Americans have the chance to gain the skills they need to compete, no matter how old they are or how much money they have. Education was the gateway to opportunity for me. It was the gateway for Michelle. It was the gateway for most of you. And now more than ever, it is the gateway to a middle-class life. For the first time in a generation, nearly every state has answered our call to raise their standards for teaching and learning. Some of the worst schools in the country have made real gains in math and reading. Millions of students are paying less for college today because we finally took on a system that wasted billions of taxpayer dollars on banks and lenders. (Applause.) And now you have a choice -- we can gut挖肠子 education, or we can decide that in the United States of America, no child should have her dreams deferred because of a crowded classroom or a crumbling school. (Applause.) No family should have to set aside a college acceptance letter because they don’t have the money. No company should have to look for workers overseas because they couldn’t find any with the right skills here at home. That’s not our future. That is not our future. (Applause.) And government has a role in this. But teachers must inspire; principals校长 must lead; parents must instill灌输 a thirst for learning. And, students, you’ve got to do the work. (Applause.) And together, I promise you, we can out-educate and out-compete any nation on Earth. (Applause.) So help me. Help me recruit 100,000 math and science teachers within 10 years and improve early-childhood education. Help give 2 million workers the chance to learn skills at their community college that will lead directly to a job. (Applause.) Help us work with colleges and universities to cut in half the growth of tuition costs over the next 10 years. We can meet that goal together. You can choose that future for America. (Applause.) That’s our future. In a world of new threats and new challenges, you can choose leadership that has been tested and proven. Four years ago, I promised to end the war in Iraq. We did. (Applause.) I promised to refocus on the terrorists who actually attacked us on 9/11. And we have. (Applause.) We’ve blunted the Taliban’s momentum in Afghanistan, and in 2014, our longest war will be over. (Applause.) A new tower rises above the New York skyline; al Qaeda is on the path to defeat; and Osama bin Laden is dead. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: U.S.A.! U.S.A.! U.S.A.! THE PRESIDENT: Tonight, we pay tribute 感谢to the Americans who still serve in harm’s way. We are forever in debt to a generation whose sacrifice has made this country safer and more respected. We will never forget you. And so long as I’m Commander-in-Chief, we will sustain the strongest military the world has ever known. (Applause.) When you take off the uniform, we will serve you as well as you’ve served us -- because no one who fights for this country should have to fight for a job, or a roof over their heads, or the care that they need when they come home. (Applause.) Around the world, we’ve strengthened old alliances and forged new coalitions to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. We’ve reasserted巩固 our power across the Pacific and stood up to China on behalf of our workers. From Burma to Libya to South Sudan, we have advanced the rights and dignity of all human beings -- men and women; Christians and Muslims and Jews. (Applause.) But for all the progress that we’ve made, challenges remain. Terrorist plots must be disrupted. Europe’s crisis must be contained. Our commitment to Israel’s security must not waver, and neither must our pursuit of peace. (Applause.) The Iranian government must face a world that stays united against its nuclear ambitions. The historic change sweeping across the Arab world must be defined not by the iron fist of a dictator or the hate of extremists, but by the hopes and aspirations of ordinary people who are reaching for the same rights that we celebrate here today. (Applause.) So now we have a choice. My opponent and his running mate are new to foreign policy -- (laughter and applause) -- but from all that we’ve seen and heard, they want to take us back to an era of blustering吹嘘 and blundering马虎 that cost America so dearly昂贵. After all, you don’t call Russia our number-one enemy -- not al Qaeda -- Russia -- unless you’re still stuck in a Cold War mind warp歪曲. (Applause.) You might not be ready for diplomacy with Beijing if you can’t visit the Olympics without insulting our closest ally. (Applause.) My opponent said that it was "tragic" to end the war in Iraq. And he won’t tell us how he’ll end the war in Afghanistan. Well, I have -- and I will. (Applause.) And while my opponent would spend more money on military hardware that our Joint Chiefs don’t even want, I will use the money we’re no longer spending on war to pay down our debt and put more people back to work rebuilding roads and bridges and schools and runways. Because after two wars that have cost us thousands of live and over a trillion dollars, it’s time to do some nation-building right here at home. (Applause.) You can choose a future where we reduce our deficit without sticking it to the middle class. Independent experts say that my plan would cut our deficit by $4 trillion. And last summer I worked with Republicans in Congress to cut a billion dollars in spending -- because those of us who believe government can be a force for good should work harder than anyone to reform it so that it’s leaner and more efficient and more responsive to the American people. (Applause.) I want to reform the tax code so that it’s simple, fair, and asks the wealthiest households to pay higher taxes on incomes over $250,000 -- the same rate we had when Bill Clinton was President; the same rate when our economy created nearly 23 million new jobs, the biggest surplus in history and a whole lot of millionaires to boot. (Applause.) Now, I’m still eager to reach an agreement based on the principles of my bipartisan debt commission. No party has a monopoly on wisdom. No democracy works without compromise. I want to get this done, and we can get it done. But when Governor Romney and his friends in Congress tell us we can somehow lower our deficits by spending trillions more on new tax breaks for the wealthy, well, what did Bill Clinton call it -- you do the arithmetic. (Applause.) You do the math. (Applause.) I refuse to go along with that and as long as I’m President, I never will. (Applause.) I refuse to ask middle-class families to give up their deductions for owning a home or raising their kids just to pay for another millionaire’s tax cut. (Applause.) I refuse to ask students to pay more for college, or kick children out of Head Start programs, or eliminate health insurance for millions of Americans who are poor and elderly or disabled -- all so those with the most can pay less. I’m not going along with that. (Applause.) And I will never -- I will never -- turn Medicare into a voucher. (Applause.) No American should ever have to spend their golden years at the mercy of insurance companies. They should retire with the care and the dignity that they have earned. Yes, we will reform and strengthen Medicare for the long haul, but we’ll do it by reducing the cost of health care -- not by asking seniors to pay thousands of dollars more. (Applause.) And we will keep the promise of Social Security by taking the responsible steps to strengthen it, not by turning it over to Wall Street. (Applause.) This is the choice we now face. This is what the election comes down to. Over and over, we’ve been told by our opponents that bigger tax cuts and fewer regulations are the only way -- that since government can’t do everything, it should do almost nothing. If you can’t afford health insurance, hope that you don’t get sick. If a company releases toxic pollution into the air your children breathe, well, that’s the price of progress. If you can’t afford to start a business or go to college, take my opponent’s advice and borrow money from your parents. (Laughter and applause.) You know what, that’s not who we are. That’s not what this country’s about. As Americans, we believe we are endowed by our Creator with certain, inalienable rights -- rights that no man or government can take away. We insist on personal responsibility and we celebrate individual initiative. We’re not entitled to success -- we have to earn it. We honor the strivers, the dreamers, the risk-takers, the entrepreneurs who have always been the driving force behind our free enterprise system, the greatest engine of growth and prosperity that the world’s ever known. But we also believe in something called citizenship. (Applause.) Citizenship: a word at the very heart of our founding; a word at the very essence of our democracy; the idea that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations. We believe that when a CEO pays his autoworkers enough to buy the cars that they build, the whole company does better. (Applause.) We believe that when a family can no longer be tricked into signing a mortgage they can’t afford, that family is protected, but so is the value of other people’s homes and so is the entire economy. (Applause.) We believe the little girl who’s offered an escape from poverty by a great teacher or a grant for college could become the next Steve Jobs or the scientist who cures cancer or the President of the United States, and it is in our power to give her that chance. (Applause.) We know that churches and charities can often make more of a difference than a poverty program alone. We don’t want handouts for people who refuse to help themselves and we certainly don’t want bailouts for banks that break the rules. (Applause.) We don’t think that government can solve all of our problems, but we don’t think that government is the source of all of our problems -- any more than are welfare recipients, or corporations, or unions, or immigrants, or gays, or any other group we’re told to blame for our troubles. (Applause.) Because, America, we understand that this democracy is ours. We, the people, recognize that we have responsibilities as well as rights; that our destinies are bound together; that a freedom which asks only "what’s in it for me," a freedom without commitment to others, a freedom without love or charity or duty or patriotism is unworthy of our founding ideals and those who died in their defense. (Applause.) As citizens, we understand that America is not about what can be done for us; it’s about what can be done by us, together, through the hard and frustrating, but necessary work of self-government. That’s what we believe. (Applause.) So, you see, the election four years ago wasn’t about me. It was about you. (Applause.) My fellow citizens, you were the change. (Applause.) You’re the reason there’s a little girl with a heart disorder in Phoenix who will get the surgery she needs because an insurance company can’t limit her coverage. You did that. (Applause.) You’re the reason a young man in Colorado who never thought he’d be able to afford his dream of earning a medical degree is about to get that chance. You made that possible. (Applause.) You’re the reason a young immigrant who grew up here and went to school here and pledged allegiance to our flag will no longer be deported from the only country she’s ever called home -- (applause) -- why selfless soldiers won’t be kicked out of the military because of who they are or who they love; why thousands of families have finally been able to say to the loved ones who served us so bravely: “Welcome home." "Welcome home.” You did that. You did that. You did that. (Applause.) If you turn away now -- if you buy into the cynicism that the change we fought for isn’t possible, well, change will not happen. If you give up on the idea that your voice can make a difference, then other voices will fill the void -- the lobbyists and special interests; the people with the $10 million checks who are trying to buy this election and those who are making it harder for you to vote; Washington politicians who want to decide who you can marry, or control health care choices that women should be making for themselves. (Applause.) Only you can make sure that doesn’t happen. Only you have the power to move us forward. (Applause.) I recognize that times have changed since I first spoke to this convention. The times have changed, and so have I. I’m no longer just a candidate. I’m the President. (Applause.) And that means I know what it means to send young Americans into battle, for I have held in my arms the mothers and fathers of those who didn’t return. I’ve shared the pain of families who’ve lost their homes, and the frustration of workers who’ve lost their jobs. If the critics are right that I’ve made all my decisions based on polls, then I must not be very good at reading them. (Laughter.) And while I’m very proud of what we’ve achieved together, I’m far more mindful of my own failings, knowing exactly what Lincoln meant when he said, "I have been driven to my knees many times by the overwhelming conviction that I had no place else to go." (Applause.) But as I stand here tonight, I have never been more hopeful about America. Not because I think I have all the answers. Not because I’m nave about the magnitude of our challenges. I’m hopeful because of you. The young woman I met at a science fair who won national recognition for her biology research while living with her family at a homeless shelter -- she gives me hope. (Applause.) The autoworker who won the lottery after his plant almost closed, but kept coming to work every day, and bought flags for his whole town, and one of the cars that he built to surprise his wife -- he gives me hope. (Applause.) The family business in Warroad, Minnesota, that didn’t lay off a single one of their 4,000 employees when the recession hit, even when their competitors shut down dozens of plants, even when it meant the owner gave up some perks and some pay because they understood that their biggest asset was the community and the workers who had helped build that business -- they give me hope. (Applause.) I think about the young sailor I met at Walter Reed hospital, still recovering from a grenade attack that would cause him to have his leg amputated above the knee. Six months ago, we would watch him walk into a White House dinner honoring those who served in Iraq, tall and 20 pounds heavier, dashing in his uniform, with a big grin微笑 on his face, sturdy on his new leg. And I remember how a few months after that I would watch him on a bicycle, racing with his fellow wounded warriors on a sparkling spring day, inspiring other heroes who had just begun the hard path he had traveled -- he gives me hope. He gives me hope. (Applause.) I don’t know what party these men and women belong to. I don’t know if they’ll vote for me. But I know that their spirit defines us. They remind me, in the words of Scripture, that ours is a "future filled with hope." And if you share that faith with me -- if you share that hope with me -- I ask you tonight for your vote. (Applause.) If you reject the notion that this nation’s promise is reserved for the few, your voice must be heard in this election. If you reject the notion that our government is forever beholden to the highest bidder, you need to stand up in this election. (Applause.) If you believe that new plants and factories can dot our landscape, that new energy can power our future, that new schools can provide ladders of opportunity to this nation of dreamers; if you believe in a country where everyone gets a fair shot, and everyone does their fair share, and everyone plays by the same rules -- then I need you to vote this November. (Applause.) America, I never said this journey would be easy, and I won’t promise that now. Yes, our path is harder, but it leads to a better place. Yes, our road is longer, but we travel it together. We don’t turn back. We leave no one behind. We pull each other up. We draw strength from our victories, and we learn from our mistakes, but we keep our eyes fixed on that distant horizon, knowing that Providence is with us, and that we are surely blessed to be citizens of the greatest nation on Earth. Thank you. God bless you. (Applause.) And God bless these United States. (Applause.)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/07/06/remarks-president-campaign-event-0 Now, some of you may know that we’ve been on a bus tour for the last couple of days. I’ve been traveling through Ohio. We just came from Beaver, Pennsylvania. And everywhere I go, people have said, Mr. President, you’re getting too skinny, you need to eat. And so we’ve been eating a lot. And I’ve had a chance to talk to folks everywhere I go, and people are aware of the fact that we’re now in full campaign swing. And I know that sometimes modern campaigns aren’t pretty to watch, because basically so much of it involves millions of dollars on television. Most of the ads are negative, and at a certain point people get discouraged and start feeling like nobody in Washington is listening to what’s going on to ordinary folks all across the country. But I’ve got to tell you, despite the cynicism and the negativism, what I think about is my first race. And what I think about is my first race. And this was when I was first running for state senate -- I couldn’t afford television commercials. And Michelle and I, we used to go door to door and pass out flyers that we had printed out at Kinko’s. And we had our friends and our family members, and we’d march in Fourth of July parades. And it was hard work. And I didn’t have Air Force One back then. But when I think about my first race, I think about why I got into politics. And the reason I got into politics was because this country has blessed me so much. And I thought about my own family -- how my grandfather fought in Patton’s army in World War II, while my grandmother was back home working on a bomber assembly line. And when my grandfather came back, he was able to go to college on the GI Bill, and they were able to buy a home through the FHA. And then I thought about my single mom -- because my dad left when I was very young -- and how, despite all the struggles, she was able to get a great education because that’s the kind of country this was. And she was able to pass on a great education to me and my sister. And then I think about Michelle’s mom, and the fact that Michelle’s mom and dad, they didn’t come from a wealthy family. Michelle’s dad, he worked a blue-collar job at the sanitary plant in Chicago. And my mother-in-law, she stayed at home until the kids got older. And she ended up becoming a secretary, and that's where she worked at most of her life, was a secretary at a bank. So none of us came from privileged backgrounds, none of us had a lot of wealth or fame. But what we understood was that here in America, no matter what you look like, no matter where you come from, no matter what church you worship at, no matter what region of the country -- if you were willing to work hard, if you were willing to take responsibility for your life, you could make it if you try here in the United States of America. And that basic idea, that basic bargain that says here we all deserve a fair shot, and everybody should do their fair share and everybody should play by the same set of rules -- that basic bargain that says, if you're willing to work hard and take responsibility in your own life, then you can find a job that pays a living wage and you can save up and buy a home and you won't go bankrupt if you get sick. Maybe you can take a vacation with your family once in a while -- nothing fancy, but you can go out and go visit some of our national parks. I remember my favorite vacation when I was a kid, traveling with my mom and my grandma and my sister, and we traveled the country on Greyhound buses and railroads. And once in a while, we'd rent a car -- not that often -- and stay at Howard Johnsons. It didn't matter how big the pool was, if there was a pool I'd jump in. I was 11 years old and I was excited just to go to the vending machine and get the ice bucket and get the ice. And then, the chance to retire with dignity and respect, that dream of a strong middle class, that's what America has always been about. That's what led me to get into public service. That's what led to my first campaign, was making sure that access to that middle class -- that growing, thriving heartbeat of America -- that that was available for everybody -- that it wasn’t just available for me and Michelle, but it was available for every kid all across this country. And that’s what led me to run for President of the United States. And that’s what’s led me to ask you for a second term as President of the United States --to fight for America’s middle class and everybody who is trying to get into the middle class. That idea has been getting battered a little bit over the last decade. Part of the reason I ran in 2008, part of the reason so many of you came together to work on that campaign, was we had seen a decade in which those middle-class dreams were under assault. Folks were working harder but making less. The costs of everything from health care to college to groceries to gas kept on going up, but your salaries or your wages didn’t. We had put two wars on a credit card, taken a surplus and turned it into a deficit, and all of it culminated in the worst financial crisis that we’ve seen in our lifetimes. So what we came together to do in 2008 was start this process -- this painstaking, laborious process -- to turn this country towards those core values to turn this country back towards our best selves and our best ideals. And we knew we wouldn’t be able to do it overnight because these problems weren’t created overnight. But we believed in this country and we believed in the American people. We understood that this has never been a country of folks looking for handouts, but what they do want is a fighting chance. And so, for the last three years, when some folks said let’s let Detroit go bankrupt we said, no, we’re betting on the American worker. We’re betting on the American industries. And now GM is back at number one, and Chrysler and Ford are back. And we've started to see manufacturing come back to our shores -- more manufacturing jobs created than any time since the 1990s. We saw people go back and get retrained for jobs -- sometimes getting jobs of the future -- advanced manufacturing, new technologies and clean energy. We’ve seen small businesses, who almost had to shutter their doors during the crisis, but sometimes the owners didn’t take a salary because they wanted to keep their folks working. And somehow, inch by inch, yard by yard, mile by mile, they’ve been able to come all the way back and are now starting to hire workers again. Over 4.4 million jobs created over the last two and a half years -- (applause) -- over 500,000 manufacturing jobs. So we’ve been fighting back. But what we all understand is that we’ve got so much more to do. Too many of our friends and family members and neighbors are still out of work; too many folks still are seeing their home property values underwater. And so the question for all of you at this moment is how will we determine our direction -- not just for the next year, not just for the next five years, but for the next decade, the next two decades. Because this election is not just about two candidates or two parties; it’s about two fundamentally different visions of where we take America. And the stakes could not be higher. And ultimately the way we’re going to make this decision is you. There’s a stalemate in Washington right now because there are two different visions of how we have to move forward, and you’ve got to break that stalemate. So let me just very briefly tell you what the choices are. You’ve got Mr. Romney and his allies in Congress. And their basic vision is one that says we’re going to give $5 trillion of new tax cuts on top of the Bush tax cuts, most of them going to the wealthiest Americans -- they won’t be paid for, or if they are paid for, they’ll be paid for by slashing education funding --or making college loans more expensive --or eliminating support for basic science and research, the kind of work that's done right here at Carnegie Mellon -- or making Medicare a voucher system. So that's one part of their plan. And the second part of their plan is let's eliminate regulations -- regulations that we just put in place to make sure that Wall Street doesn’t act recklessly and we can prevent another taxpayer-funded bailout when the financial system goes out of whack; regulations that protect our air or our water; regulations that protect consumers from being taken advantage of. And that’s it. That’s their economic plan. Don’t take my word for it -- go on their website. The Republicans in Congress voted for this plan. And you know what, it is a theory. It's an idea of how you might grow an economy -- if we hadn't just tried it for 10 years before I took office. We tried it and it didn’t work. So why would we want to go backwards to the same theory that didn’t work before? They're banking on the notion that you don’t remember what happened when they were in charge -- the last time they were in charge of the White House -- and how surpluses became deficits, and how job growth was more sluggish than it's been in 50 years, and how we ultimately ended up with the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Well, Pittsburgh, I want you to know I've got a different theory. I've got a different idea. And let me be honest, it's not a silver bullet. It's not going to change things completely in the next day or the next week. But it moves us in a direction that is true to our traditions by building not from the top down, but from the middle class out. It's a vision that says we don’t need to just bring auto-making back; we can bring manufacturing back to America. We can invest in advanced manufacturing research like is being done right here at Carnegie Mellon. And we can change our tax code to make sure, instead of giving tax breaks to companies that are shipping jobs overseas, let's give those tax breaks to companies that are investing right here in Pittsburgh, right here in Pennsylvania, right here in the United States of America. That's my vision for the future. My vision is one that says we've got to invest in our young people so they get the best education in the world. So I want to hire new teachers, especially in math and science. I want to keep on making college more affordable. We just prevented Congress from doubling student interest loan rates because of you. But we've got to do more to bring tuition down -- and give 2 million more Americans the chance to study at community colleges and get the job training they need for the jobs of the 21st century. Because a higher education is not an economic luxury; it is an economic necessity. And I'm committed to making sure everybody gets that chance for the skills and the training they need to succeed. My vision says we ended the war in Iraq, as I promised. And we're winding down the war in Afghanistan. So let's take half of that money that we're saving in war and use it to pay down the deficit. Let's take the other half and do some nation-building here at home. Let's put some Americans back to work rebuilding our roads and our bridges, our schools. Let's build broadband lines and wireless networks and high-speed rail. Let's invest in the basic science and research that helped to send a man to the moon and create the Internet. That's what makes America great. We are innovators and risk-takers. I believe in an America in which we control our own energy future. We're producing more oil than we have in the last eight years; we're importing less. But we can do so much more. We've got to bet on not just an oil industry that's already profitable. We got to bet on a clean energy industry of solar and wind that can create jobs and help our environment, and free ourselves from dependence on foreign oil. And I've got a vision that believes that everybody -- all families who are responsible should be able to have the basic security of health care. The Supreme Court has spoken; the law we passed is here to stay. If you have health insurance, the only thing that changes for you is you’re more secure because insurance companies can't drop you when you get sick. They don't have a lifetime limit where suddenly they're dumping the costs on you, even though you’ve been paying your premiums. We’ve got millions of young people who are able to stay on their parent's plan right now because of that health care law. We’ve got millions of seniors who are seeing cheaper prescription drugs. And if you don't have health insurance, we’re going to help you get health insurance. I believe it was the right thing to do because that's part of making sure a middle class is thriving in this country, that they don't have to fear that when somebody in their family gets sick, that somehow they're going to lose everything they’ve worked for all those years. I make no apologies for it. It was the right thing to do. And we’re going to keep moving forward. That's why I’m running for a second term as President of the United States. We’re not going to go back to a vision that somehow thinks when a few wealthy investors do well then everybody does well. So you know what, we need to deal with our deficit. We need to deal with our debt. And part of America’s character is the understanding that government can't solve every problem. We don't expect it to. Some folks can't be helped if they don't want to help themselves. Not every government program works. We’ve already cut a trillion dollars in spending that wasn’t helping families succeed, and we’ll do some more. But you know what, we are not just going to cut and balance the budget on the backs of middle-class families, asking them to pay more taxes, asking them to suddenly not get help when it comes to sending their kids to college. I think we can ask the wealthiest Americans to do a little bit more. We need to have a tax code where secretaries aren’t paying a lower tax rate than their bosses. And you know what, the good news is there are a lot of Americans all across the country -- very successful Americans -- who agree with me on this, because they understand the only reason they succeeded was somebody helped them. Didn’t give them a handout but gave them a hand up. This idea that we’re all in it together, that we rise or fall as one people, that theory of mine about how to grow the economy, we’ve tried that, too. We tried it as recently as when Bill Clinton was President. And you know what, we created 23 million new jobs. And we had a surplus at the end, instead of a deficit. And we created a whole lot of wealth and a lot of millionaires along the way. Because that formula that says we’re in it together means that everybody can do well. The reason we built the Hoover Dam or the Golden Gate Bridge, the reason we sent a man to the moon, or invested in the research that resulted in the Internet, the reason we built an Interstate Highway System -- we did those things not for any individual to become rich; we did it so that all of would have a platform for success, because we understand there are some things we do better together. I continue to believe that. I think most Americans understand that. That’s the reason I’m running for a second term as President of the United States. Now, over the next four months, you’re going to see more money spent than you’ve ever seen before, more negative ads. These guys are writing $10 million checks. And you’ll hear the same thing from them over and over again, because they know that their economic theory isn’t going to sell, so all they’ve got to argue is "the economy is not moving as fast as it needs to, jobs aren’t growing as fast as they need to and it’s all Obama’s fault." That’s basically their only message. Now, I guess this is a plan to win an election, but it’s not a plan to create jobs. It’s not a plan to grow our middle class. And you know what, I might be worried about all this money being spent if it wasn’t for my memories of previous campaigns. That first campaign I ran, the last campaign I ran in 2008 -- I’ve been outspent before. I’ve had a lot of money thrown at me before. But you know what I’ve learned, is that when the American people decide on what’s right, when all of you decide on what’s true, when you remember the story of your families just like the story of my family's, all the struggles our parents and our grandparents and great-grandparents went through -- some of them maybe came over here as immigrants and started working in the mines or working in the mills -- not always knowing what to expect, but understanding that there was something different about this country -- looking out for one another, taking care of the community together, being responsible, having those old-fashioned, homespun values; believing that being middle class wasn't a matter of your bank account, it was a state of mind in terms of what you believe -- that there were some things that were important and nothing was more important than looking after your family and being with your family and caring for your family. When Americans come together and tap into that spirit that is best in us, all that money doesn't matter. All those negative ads don't matter. You make change happen. You inspire each other. You inspire me. In 2008, I told you I'm not a perfect man and I wouldn't be a perfect President. But I told you I'd always tell you what I thought and I'd always tell you where I stood. And I told you I would wake up every single day, fighting as hard as I knew how for you, to make your lives a little bit better, to give you more of a fighting shot to succeed and live our your dreams. And I made that promise because I saw myself in you. In your grandparents, I see my grandparents. In your children, I see Malia and Sasha. And I've kept that promise. I've kept that promise. Every morning and every night, I've thought about how we build America, and how we build America's middle class, and how we give everybody a fair shot, and how we make sure everybody is doing their fair share, and how we make sure everybody is fighting by the same rules. And if you still believe in me like I believe in you, I hope you will stand with me in 2012. Because if you do, we will finish what we started in 2008, and this economy will be moving again. And we'll remind the world just why it is that the United States of America is the greatest nation on earth.
图片来自网络，仅欣赏使用！ 据 Dailymail 报道：三年前，小奥童靴接见一退伍家庭；当时， 五岁小黑孩 (Jacob) 很想知道奥老大的发质如何 。于是，小黑孩便羞涩地问奥童靴： “ 我想知道我的头发是否和你的一样 ( I want to know if my hair is just like yours) 。 ” 小奥答道： “ 你自己咋不摸摸看 ？ (Why don’t you touch it and see for yourself)?” 随后便弯下腰把脑袋低在小黑孩的面前；奥童靴又鼓励说： “ 摸呀，小弟 (Touch it, dude) ！ ” 于是，小家伙便走上去、挠了挠奥童靴的脑袋，并向周围人郑重宣布说： “ 嗯，老大的头发摸起来给确实跟我自己的是感觉一样滴 (Yes, it does feel the same) 。 ” 博主批 ： 当今世界上最作会 “亲民” 秀的政客老大，看来非美帝之奥童靴莫属了 。 还好，万幸，驻天朝的美帝之骆使者的作“秀”水平还是略次了点。
奥巴马G+被占领的新闻上了bbc，每条信息评论都迅速被刷到500上限，据路边社报道美国情报部门正处于焦头烂额中，他们在反复分析留言后终于确认了这是一种在中国网络上常见的名叫Explosion bar的网络攻防演戏，在留言中大量出现声称来自D8(Division 8 of Internet army?)的cock wire, 他们常用的词是Yi kinds circle，现在尚不明白这是否是他们进行轮番攻击的一种战术代号，对奥巴马G+的攻击依然在持续中，依然有大量词汇无法破译比如Black fungus，Slip等无法破译，国土安全部已经启动紧急战备预案......... BBC报道原文： Chinese 'netizens' inundate Obama's Google+ page 中国网民在奥巴马G+页面上泛滥成灾 President Obama's page on Google's social network site has been inundated with messages in Chinese after restrictions in China were removed. 当中国对G+的限制解除之后，美国总统奥巴马的G+页面被中文留言淹没。 Every current topic on Mr Obama's Google+ page attracted hundreds of Chinese comments. 每条关于奥巴马先生在G+主页上面的主题都吸引了上百条中文评论。 Some contributors made jokes; others said they were occupying the site in the style of western Occupy campaigns. 一些“贡献者”单纯在哪里开玩喜，别的说他们也将像西方华尔街运动那些人一样占领这个网站。 Google+ is normally blocked in China along with other social media that the authorities deem unacceptable. 一般情况下，G+同其他的社交网站一样在中国被认为是不可接受的。 Since Google+ was launched in 2011, software known informally as the Great F@ackwall had appeared to block it within China. 自从G+2011年问世以来，中国就开发出了人们所谓的大中华F墙用于阻断中国与G+的连接。 But on 20 February 2012 internet-users in many parts of China found they could gain access to the site - prompting some to suggest occupying it, in a tongue-in-cheek reference to the Occupy Wall Street campaign. 但是在2012年2月20日，中国很多地方的人们发现他们可以登上G+了，这促使他们开始了他们搞笑式的占领活动，就像占领华尔街运动一样。 On 24 and 25 February, to the consternation of American readers, every current topic on President Obama's 2012 election campaign page attracted hundreds of comments, apparently from China. 在2月24日和2月25日，在美国读者惊诧的眼神下，每条奥巴马总统在社交网站上发布的关于2012年选举的话题都有了几百条评论，很显然他们来自中国。 Their exact provenance cannot be verified, but the expressions contributors used were in the style of mainland China and in simplified Chinese. 他们来自哪里我们不得而知，但是他们的说法都像中国大陆的网语并且使用简体中文。 A few appealed for the liberty of the civil rights activist Chen光成, who is under house arrest. 有一部分人说了关于某位人士的自由问题。 Others asked about a recent political intrigue in south-west China, in which one of the country's top policemen, Wang, spent a day in the US consulate in Chengdu for undisclosed reasons. 有些人提到了王局到美国使馆里喝了下午茶的政治阳谋。 But many simply voiced delight at their freedom to speak: they talked about occupying the furniture and bringing snacks and soft drinks. 但是大量的留言仅仅表达他们对于自由讲话的喜悦，他们说占领家具（应该是沙发板凳什么的但是老外不懂什么意思XD）并且带零食和饮料来。 （这段真的笑疯了有没有！！！） The White House in Washington has not commented on the upsurge of Chinese interest in President Obama's campaign site. 华盛顿白宫还没有对中国网民在奥巴马社交网络上的留言高潮做出任何表示。 But it has prompted one poster to suggest that if China ever abandoned its internet restrictions, the United States would have to protect its social media with a Great Firewall of its own. 但是这个现象导致一个留言者表示：假如中国放弃了网络限制，美国就该自己用一个大米帝防火墙来保护自己的社交网络了。 转自虎扑 屌丝们这下火了。。。 原文地址： http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-17167770
看到美国保守派的网站上面揭露有美国幼儿园强迫小孩唱红歌，歌颂总统奥巴马。作为中国人真可开怀一笑，这种个人崇拜的歌曲我们有10年不唱了吧，没想到美国重新开始了。 Team: Attached is a chant about President Barack Obama. All Kindergarteners will be required to learn the chant for the Black History program. Please write how many you will need. Keep one copy to practice with students at school. Thanks, Mary Stovall Bridgette Babineaux The Barack Obama Song Who is our 44th President? Obama is our 44th President Who is a DC resident? Obama is a DC resident Resident, President Who’s favorite team is the Chicago White Sox? Obama’s favorite team is the Chicago White sox Who really thinks outside the box? Obama really thinks outside the box Outside the box, Chicago White Sos Resident, President Who really likes to play basketball? Obama really likes to play basketball Who’s gonna answer our every call? Every Call, Basketball Outside the box, Chicago White Sox Resident, President Who’s famous slogan is Yes we can? Obams’s famous slogan is Yes we can Who do we know is the man? Barack Obama is the man He’s our man, Yes we can! Every Call, Basketvall Outside the box, Chicago White Sox Resident, President Who won a grammy for “Dreams of my Father”? Obama won a grammy for “Dreams of my Father”? Now can you guess who’s a famous author Barack Obama is a famous author Famous Author, Dreams of my Father He’s our man, Yes we can! Every Call, Basketball Outside the box. Chicago White Sox Resident President Who wants to go to college at Yale? Malia Sasha will go to college at Yale Who’ll make sure they won’t fail? Barack Michelle know they won’t fail They won’t fail, they’re going to Yale Famous Author, Dream of my Father He’s our man, Yes we can! Every Call, Basketball Outside the box, Chicago White Sox Resident, President
见下： Good afternoon, Today, I was in Michigan. Yesterday, it was Colorado and Nevada. Before that, it was Iowa and Arizona. The day after I delivered my State of the Union Address to Congress, I took off to connect with ordinary Americans around the country, talk more about our Blueprint for an America Built to Last, and get some feedback. That's why I'm writing you. On Monday we're going to do something a little different. At 5:30 p.m. ET, I'll walk into the Roosevelt Room across the hall from the Oval Office, take a seat, and kick-off the first-ever completely virtual town hall from the White House. All week, people have been voting on questions and submitting their own, and a few of them will join me for a live chat. This is going to be an exciting way to talk about the steps that we need to take together at this make-or-break moment for the middle class. We have to foster a new era for American manufacturing -- rewarding companies for keeping jobs here at home and eliminating tax breaks for those who ship jobs overseas. We have to invest in homegrown energy in the United States -- starting with an all-out, all-of-the-above energy strategy that's cleaner, cheaper, and full of new jobs. We have to build an economy that works for everyone -- where every hard working American gets a fair shot, everyone does their fair share, and the rules are the same from top to bottom. I'm ready to get started, but I know you have questions and ideas for ways to help. So let's hear them. Thanks, President Barack Obama This email was sent to hzluan@163.com . Please do not reply to this email. The White House • 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW • Washington, DC 20500 • 202-456-1111 try{parent.JS.modules .content.setHeight();}catch(e){}
这是2011年1月10日美国人权律师Vince Warren发表于CNN的评论： Gitmo: 10 years of injustice and disgrace 他批评美国两任总统及其政府在Guantanamo湾私设监狱的问题。 他指出十年来美国在Guantanamo湾的作为：关押过年龄从12岁到89岁的779人，无指控、无审判、无辩护机会。其中多数不是恐怖分子，进监狱后无法治，虐待为常规，在监狱中死去的人数多于经过法庭审判的人数。 小布什公然践踏人权和法律，奥巴马不能做到自己的承诺。 美国国会也参与无耻：2011年12月通过法律National Defense Authorization Act，军队把被怀疑为恐怖分子的人（包括美国公民）投入监狱不用审讯，现在已经不仅合法化、而且法律保障军人长期拥有此项权力。 Warren说：“起初为黑暗、反动和特例的耻辱成为了清晰的信号，美国对于自己号称领导世界追求自由和正义并不严肃”。 （What began as a dark, reactionary and exceptional disgrace has become a clear sign that the United States does not take seriously its claim to lead the world in freedom and justice） 这句话与我说美国不起道德领导作用（moral leadership）没有太大差别。 有趣的问题是：二十一世纪，世界上是否有哪个国家能担当moral leadership？
奥巴马总统，你计算过中国、东盟加印度、巴基斯坦、澳大利亚有多少人口么？这是一个多大的市场啊！足够解决美国的经济问题了吧！如果中美在太平洋握手，你算算，你卖给台湾的军火价值几个钱？我现在在北大光华管理学院听课，没办法，中科院不欢迎咱们，北大有你的黑人亲戚！我没事时候和他们聊天。eight years president 奥巴马！
方舟子造谣造到美国总统头上了。 本文同时发至不良信息举报中心、新闻管理总署和人民日报。 直言了，2011-11-30 | 2011-11-30 10:39:38 。 http://zhiyanle.blog.hexun.com/70795031_h.html 。 美国校园常识：不同专业的学生有共同的必修课或选修课，因而不同专业学生也能有“同班”经历。在哥伦比亚大学，李开复选修政治课，当然就可能与同期学政治的奥巴马成为“同班”。 可是，方舟子却无端指控说李开复与奥巴马有“同班”经历是没可能的。嘿嘿，那足以说明方舟子不具备美国校园常识；于是不得不问问，方舟子的美国学位是真是假？ 就此问题，网友转来一些媒体发表的方舟子的进一步指控，说：“李开复还不知道的是，奥巴马在哥伦比亚大学的经历是个谜，被称为奥巴马的迷失岁月（lost years），他很少谈那段时期的生活，拒绝公开在哥大的成绩单（校方限于保护学生隐私的法律也不能公开），以致有都市传闻说他根本没上过哥伦比亚大学”云云。 嘿嘿，方舟子搞造谣诽谤是不择手段，搞造谣造到美国总统头上了。 附后是美国哥伦比亚大学发布的两则新闻公告：哥大毕业生奥巴马当选为总统，哥大师生聚会庆祝。 再次请方舟子来美国搞搞您的‘打假’。敢来吗？有那胆量和有那本事么？哈。 至于方舟子拿“没什么人记得”为理由说奥巴马没上过哥大，嘿嘿，早已不是新闻：别说上哥大，就是奥巴马当选国会参议员了、美国社会也没多少人知道，能说奥巴马没当选为国会成员吗？哈！奥巴马引起美国社会关注，是他被推荐到2004 Democratic National Convention上当主讲人之一以后的事了，而就在那时候，也没多少人想到他在数年后会成当选为美国总统。 顺便说说：质疑奥巴马上过哥大的虚假故事，来自美国社会的所谓“右派”。为推销转基因食品，方舟子试图搞政治化而指控说反对转基因食品的人是美国“右派”；可是，他自己却拿美国右派的虚假故事当依据、在中国社会搞无端指控和造谣惑众活动。嘿嘿，方舟子再次自打耳光。 就奥巴马为什么选学中国课程，方舟子指控说：“李开复作为华人选这门课可以理解，但奥巴马为何要选这门和中国有关的、据说他一点都不感兴趣的课，就为了在那里睡觉？”试图以此为由说奥巴马没上过哥大、因此李开复不可能有与奥巴马“同班”的经历。 嘿嘿，奥巴马选学中国课程的缘故忒简单：在中美关系正常化过程中，来自哥伦比亚大学的教授受聘在卡特当局任职，直接参与并实现了中美关系正常化，使本来就因中国学和东亚学而驰名美国的哥伦比亚大学的名气是更上一层楼。因此，到哥大去学政治、经济、法学、新闻和语言学等等的美国年青人，许多都选学一些中国课程（至少，那时中美关系正常化没多久，学学中国课程是当时美国社会的“时尚”或“时髦”），尽管他们的具体专业或毕业后所从事的工作都可能与中国毫无关系。 方舟子的言论，再次证明他自称有美国博士、却极端缺乏美国校园常识；他对美国社会常识是一无所知，却总装扮成对美国无所不知、甚至装扮成美国官方机构代言人的姿态，在中国社会搞造谣惑众和诽谤性的无端指控活动；如今，他搞造谣造到美国总统头上了，可见其丧心病狂之病态发作到了多么严重的程度。 一些媒体记者编辑跟着那么一个愚蠢无知、靠着造谣诽谤和抄袭剽窃吃饭的无业人员方舟子的屁后颠颠起哄，嘿嘿，只能说明那些记者编辑比方舟子更愚蠢和更病态而已。 参考阅读： 请方舟子来美国对李开复搞“打假”。2011-11-29 05:02:12。 http://zhiyanle.blog.hexun.com/70744352_d.html 。 附件：美国哥伦比亚大学发布的两则新闻公告： 哥大毕业生奥巴马当选为总统。 哥大师生聚会庆祝毕业生奥巴马当选为总统。 Barack Obama, CC'83, First Columbia Graduate Elected President of the United States Nov. 5, 2008. http://news.columbia.edu/home/1260 Barack Obama (CC'83) becomes the first Columbia graduate elected president of the United States. Columbians Celebrate Inauguration of President Obama (CC'83) Jan. 20, 2009, by Record Staff. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/09/01/inauguration.html President Bollinger addresses the crowd gathered on Low Plaza to watch the historic event. (2:49)A crowd of several thousand gathered together on the steps of Low Library to watch the inauguration of President Barack Obama, the first Columbia graduate to be elected president of the United States. #-#-#-#-#
Good evening, I'm writing to tell you that all US troops will return home from Iraq by the end of December. After nearly nine years, the American war in Iraq will end. Our servicemen and women will be with their families for the holidays. The war in Iraq came with tremendous cost. More than a million Americans served in Iraq, and nearly 4,500 gave their lives in service to the rest of us. Today, as always, we honor these patriots. When I came into office, I pledged to bring the war in Iraq to a responsible end. As Commander in Chief, I ended our combat mission last year and pledged to keep our commitment to remove all our troops by the end of 2011. To date, we’ve removed more than 100,000 troops from Iraq. This is a significant moment in our history. For more information, including video, please visit WhiteHouse.gov/BringingTroopsHome . The end of the war in Iraq reflects a larger trend. The wars of the past decade are drawing to a close. As we have removed troops from Iraq, we have refocused our fight against al Qaeda and secured major victories in taking out its leadership–including Osama bin Laden. And we’ve begun a transition in Afghanistan. On the first day of my Administration,roughly 180,000 troops were deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan. By the end of this year that number will be cut in half, and we’ll continue to draw it down. As we welcome home our newest veterans, we’ll enlist their talents in meeting our greatest challenges as a nation—restoring our economic strength at home. Because after a decade of war, the nation that we need to build is our own. Today the United States moves forward, from a position of strength. Thank you, President Barack Obama
一个天才陨落了，太年轻了点。真遗憾。乔布斯真正的改变了我们的生活，因为他的创新精神，他的野心勃勃，而不仅仅是他遗留给我们的各种苹果产品。还记得我博士答辩的时候评委让我举一个相关的典型案例说明我论文的结果，我脑中想到的第一个案例就是有关乔布斯的。很感谢他的存在给我们的刺激和启迪。能够跟这样的人物共存于这个时代是我们的光荣和幸运。我想在我们这代（80年代-90年代）人的灵魂深处，都或多或少地烙下了这位老兄的些许影子。下面是奥巴马总统对这位天才的评价，觉得很恰当很有深度，特意贴在这里欣赏一下。译文我就不写了，直接读英文才有味道。 Michelle and I are saddened to learn of the passing of Steve Jobs. Steve was among the greatest of American innovators – brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it. By building one of the planet’s most successful companies from his garage, he exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity. By making computers personal and putting the internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun. And by turning his talents to storytelling, he has brought joy to millions of children and grownups alike. Steve was fond of saying that he lived every day like it was his last. Because he did, he transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world. The world has lost a visionary. And there may be no greater tribute to Steve’s success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented. Michelle and I send our thoughts and prayers to Steve’s wife Laurene, his family, and all those who loved him.
朱棣文（1948——），美籍华裔科学家，1997年诺贝尔物理奖获得者，现任奥巴马政府能源部长。在2009年哈佛大学毕业典礼上朱棣文作了演讲，该演讲热情洋溢，对毕业生们殷殷鼓励，对环境问题忧心忡忡，表现了其作为一名大科学家的人文情怀。 Madam President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, faculty, family, friends, and, most importantly, today’s graduates, 尊敬的 Faust 校长，哈佛集团的各位成员，监管理事会的各位理事，各位老师，各位家长，各位朋友，以及最重要的各位毕业生同学， Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you. 感谢你们，让我有机会同你们一起分享这个美妙的日子。 I am not sure I can live up to the high standards of Harvard Commencement speakers. Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd. 我不太肯定，自己够得上哈佛大学毕业典礼演讲人这样的殊荣。去年登上这个讲台的是， 英国 亿万身家的小说家 J.K. Rowling 女士，她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔 · 盖茨先生，他是一个超级富翁、一个慈善家和电脑天才。今年很遗憾，你们的演讲人是我，虽然我不是很有钱，但是至少我是一个书呆子。 I am grateful to receive an honorary degree from Harvard, an honor that means more to me than you might care to imagine. You see, I was the academic black sheep of my family. My older brother has an M.D./Ph.D. from MIT and Harvard while my younger brother has a law degree from Harvard. When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be pleased. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, “That’s nice, but when are you going to visit me next.” Now, as the last brother with a degree from Harvard, maybe, at last, she will be satisfied. 我很感激哈佛大学给我荣誉学位，这对我很重要，也许比你们会想到的还要重要。要知道，在学术上，我是我们家的异类。我的哥哥在麻省理工学院得到医学博士，在哈佛大学得到哲学博士；我的弟弟在哈佛大学得到一个法律学位。我本人得到诺贝尔奖的时候，我想我的妈妈会 高兴。但是，我错了。消息公布的那天早上，我给她打电话，她听了只说： “ 这是好消息，不过我想知道，你下次什么时候来看我？ ” 如今在我们兄弟当中，我最终也拿到了哈佛学位，我想这一次，她会感到满意。 Another difficulty with giving a Harvard commencement address is that some of you may disapprove of the fact that I have borrowed material from previous speeches. I ask that you forgive me for two reasons. 在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演说，还有一个难处，那就是你们中有些人可能有意见，不喜欢我重复前人演讲中说过的话。我要求你们谅解我，因为两个理由。 First, in order to have impact, it is important to deliver the same message more than once. In science, it is important to be the first person to make a discovery, but it is even more important to be the last person to make that discovery. 首先，为了产生影响力，很重要的方法就是重复传递同样的信息。在科学中，第一个发现者是重要的，但是在得到公认前，最后一个做出这个发现的人也许更重要。 Second, authors who borrow from others are following in the footsteps of the best. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who graduated from Harvard at the age of 18, noted “All my best thoughts were stolen by the ancients.” Picasso declared “Good artists borrow. Great artists steal.” Why should commencement speakers be held to a higher standard? 其次，一个借鉴他人的作者，正走在一条前人开辟的最佳道路上。哈佛大学毕业生、诗人爱默生曾经写下： “ 我最好的一些思想，都是从古人那里偷来的。 ” 画家毕加索宣称 “ 优秀的艺术家借鉴，伟大的艺术家偷窃。 ” 那么为什么毕业典礼的演说者，就不适用同样的标准呢？ I also want to point out the irony of speaking to graduates of an institution that would have rejected me, had I the chutzpah to apply. I am married to “Dean Jean,” the former dean of admissions at Stanford. She assures me that she would have rejected me, if given the chance. When I showed her a draft of this speech, she objected strongly to my use of the word “rejected.” She never rejected applicants; her letters stated that “we are unable to offer you admission.” I have difficulty understanding the difference. After all, deans of admissions of highly selective schools are in reality, “deans of rejection.” Clearly, I have a lot to learn about marketing. 我还要指出一点，向哈佛毕业生发表演说，对我来说是有讽刺意味的，因为如果当年我斗胆向哈佛大学递交入学申请，一定会被拒绝。我的妻子 Jean 当过斯坦福大学的招生主任，她向我保证，如果当年我申请斯坦福大学，她会拒绝我。我把这篇演讲的草稿给她过目，她强烈反对我使用 “ 拒绝 ” 这个词，她从来不拒绝任何申请者。在拒绝信中，她总是写： “ 我们无法提供你入学机会。 ” 我分不清两者到底有何差别。不过，那些大热门学校的招生主任总是很现实的，堪称 “ 拒绝他人的主任 ” 。很显然，我需要好好学学怎么来推销自己。 My address will follow the classical sonata form of commencement addresses. The first movement, just presented, were light-hearted remarks. This next movement consists of unsolicited advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, “The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.” So, here comes the advice. First, every time you celebrate an achievement, be thankful to those who made it possible. Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than-brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. Going forward, the ability to teach yourself is the hallmark of a great liberal arts education and will be the key to your success. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them. Also, of course, thank Harvard. Should you forget, there’s an alumni association to remind you. Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. In all negotiations, don’t bargain for the last, little advantage. Leave the change on the table. In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit. 毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章 —— 轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样的忠告很少有价值，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。但是，就像王尔德说的： “ 对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。 ” 所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从整体看，自学能力是优秀的文科教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，不要把荣誉留给自己。成功合作的任何一方，都应 获得全部荣誉的 90% 。 Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie “ Harvey” got it exactly right. He said: “Years ago my mother used to say to me, ‘In this world, Elwood, you must be … she always used to call me Elwood … in this world, Elwood, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.’” Well, for years I was smart. ... I recommend pleasant. You may quote me on that. 电影《 Harvey 》中， Jimmy Stewart 扮演的角色 Elwood P. Dowd ，就完全理解这一点。他说： “ 多年前，母亲曾经对我说， ‘Elwood ，活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个好人。 ’” 我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了。 …… 但是，我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。 My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don’t have a passion, don’t be satisfied until you find one. Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something. When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics. 我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂，所以不能空手走过，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了 8 年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了 9 年。在这些年中，我关注的中心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。 Here is my final piece of advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won’t be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made. 我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。物质生活和你实现的占有 欲，都不会产生自豪。只有那些受你影响、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪。 After nine years at Bell labs, I decided to leave that warm, cozy ivory tower for what I considered to be the “real world,” a university. Bell Labs, to quote what was said about Mary Poppins, was “practically perfect in every way,” but I wanted to leave behind something more than scientific articles. I wanted to teach and give birth to my own set of scientific children. 在贝尔实验室待了 9 年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的 “ 真实世界 ”—— 大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法，可以引用 Mary Poppins 的话， “ 实际上十全十美 ” 。但是，我想离开那种仅仅是科学论文的生活。我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。 Ted Geballe, a friend and distinguished colleague of mine at Stanford, who also went from Berkeley to Bell Labs to Stanford years earlier, described our motives best: 我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事 Ted Geballe 。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述： “The best part of working at a university is the students. They come in fresh, enthusiastic, open to ideas, unscarred by the battles of life. They don"t realize it, but they"re the recipients of the best our society can offer. If a mind is ever free to be creative, that"s the time. They come in believing textbooks are authoritative, but eventually they figure out that textbooks and professors don"t know everything, and then they start to think on their own. Then, I begin learning from them.” “ 在大学工作，最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃，充满热情，思想自由，还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到，但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中只有一段时间是思想自由和充满创造力，那么那段时间就是你在读大学。进校时，学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑，渐渐地，他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们开始 独立 思考。从那时起，就是我开始向他们学习了。 ” My students, post doctoral fellows, and the young researchers who worked with me at Bell Labs, Stanford, and Berkeley have been extraordinary. Over 30 former group members are now professors, many at the best research institutions in the world, including Harvard. I have learned much from them. Even now, in rare moments on weekends, the remaining members of my biophysics group meet with me in the ether world of cyberspace. 我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事，都非常优秀。他们中有 30 多人，现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在，我偶尔还会周末上网，向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。 I began teaching with the idea of giving back; I received more than I gave. This brings me to the final movement of this speech. It begins with a story about an extraordinary scientific discovery and a new dilemma that it poses. It’s a call to arms and about making a difference. 我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现，以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。 In the last several decades, our climate has been changing. Climate change is not new: the Earth went through six ice ages in the past 600,000 years. However, recent measurements show that the climate has begun to change rapidly. The size of the North Polar Ice Cap in the month of September is only half the size it was a mere 50 years ago. The sea level which been rising since direct measurements began in 1870 at a rate that is now five times faster than it was at the beginning of recorded measurements. Here ’ s the remarkable scientific discovery. For the first time in human history, science is now making predictions of how our actions will affect the world 50 and 100 years from now. These changes are due to an increase in carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The Earth has warmed up by roughly 0.8 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the Revolution. There is already approximately a 1 degree rise built into the system, even if we stop all greenhouse gas emissions today. Why? It will take decades to warm up the deep oceans before the temperature reaches a new equilibrium. 过去几十年中，我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不是现在才有的，过去 60 万年中就发生了 6 次冰河期。但是，现在的测量表明气候变化加速了。北极冰盖在 9 月份的大小，只相当于 50 年前的一半。 1870 年起，人们开始测量海平面上升的速度，现在的速度是那时的 5 倍。一个重大的科学发现就这样产生了。科学第一次在人类历史上，预测出我们的行为对 50~100 年后的世界有何影响。这些变化的原因是，从工业革命开始，人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加了。这使得地球的平均气温上升了 0.8 摄氏度。即使我们立刻停止所有温室气体的排放，气温仍然将比过去上升大约 1 度。因为在气温达到均衡前，海水温度的上升将持续几十年。 If the world continues on a business-as-usual path, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that there is a fifty-fifty chance the temperature will exceed 5 degrees by the end of this century. This increase may not sound like much, but let me remind you that during the last ice age, the world was only 6 degrees colder. During this time, most of Canada and the United States down to Ohio and Pennsylvania were covered year round by a glacier. A world 5 degrees warmer will be very different. The change will be so rapid that many species, including Humans, will have a hard time adapting. I ’ ve been told for example, that, in a much warmer world, insects were bigger. I wonder if this thing buzzing around is a precursor. 如果全世界保持现在的经济模式不变，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（ IPCC ）预测，本世纪末将有 50% 的可能，气温至少上升 5 度。这听起来好像不多，但是让我来提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的气温也仅仅只下降了 6 度。那时，俄亥俄州和费城以下的大部分美国和加拿大的土地，都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升 5 度的地球，将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快，包括人类在内的许多生物，都将很难适应。比如，有人告诉我，在更温暖的环境中，昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇，是不是就是前兆。 We also face the specter of nonlinear “ tipping points ” that may cause much more severe changes. An example of a tipping point is the thawing of the permafrost. The permafrost contains immense amounts of frozen organic matter that have been accumulating for millennia. If the soil melts, microbes will spring to life and cause this debris to rot. The difference in biological activity below freezing and above freezing is something we are all familiar with. Frozen food remains edible for a very long time in the freezer, but once thawed, it spoils quickly. How much methane and carbon dioxide might be released from the rotting permafrost? If even a fraction of the carbon is released, it could be greater than all the greenhouse gases we have released to since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Once started, a runaway effect could occur. 我们还面临另一个幽灵，那就是非线性的“气候引爆点”，这会带来许多严重得多的变化。“气候引爆点”的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻土层经过千万年的累积形成，其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化，微生物就将广泛繁殖，使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物，它们在生物学特性上的差异，我们都很熟悉。在冷库中，冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解冻，食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层，将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳？即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来，可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生，局势就失控了。 The climate problem is the unintended consequence of our success. We depend on fossil energy to keep our homes warm in the winter, cool in the summer, and lit at night; we use it to travel across town and across continents. Energy is a fundamental reason for the prosperity we enjoy, and we will not surrender this prosperity. The United States has 3 percent of the world population, and yet, we consume 25 percent of the energy. By contrast, there are 1.6 billion people who don’t have access to electricity. Hundreds of millions of people still cook with twigs or dung. The life we enjoy may not be within the reach of the developing world, but it is within sight, and they want what we have. 气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜间照明，长途旅行，环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础，我们不可能放弃经济繁荣。美国人口占全世界的 3% ，但是我们消耗全世界 25% 的能源。与此形成对照，全世界还有 16 亿人没有电，数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活，但是他们都看在眼里，他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。 Here is the dilemma. How much are we willing to invest, as a world society, to mitigate the consequences of climate change that will not be realized for at least 100 years? Deeply rooted in all cultures, is the notion of generational responsibility. Parents work hard so that their children will have a better life. Climate change will affect the entire world, but our natural focus is on the welfare of our immediate families. Can we, as a world society, meet our responsibility to future generations? 这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体，我们到底愿意付出多少，来缓和气候变化？这种变化在 100 年前，根本没人想到过。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作，为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界，但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体？能不能为未来的人们承担起责任？ While I am worried, I am hopeful we will solve this problem. I became the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in part because I wanted to enlist some of the best scientific minds to help battle against climate change. I was there only four and a half years, the shortest serving director in the 78-year history of the Lab, but when I left, a number of very exciting energy institutes at the Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley had been established. 虽然我忧心忡忡，但是还是对未来抱乐观态度，这个问题将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯 · 伯克利国家实验室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家，来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了 4 年半，是这个实验室 78 年的历史中，任期最短的主任，但是当我离任时，在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校，一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。 I am extremely privileged to be part of the Obama administration. If there ever was a time to help steer America and the world towards a path of sustainable energy, now is the time. The message the President is delivering is not one of doom and gloom, but of optimism and opportunity. I share this optimism. The task ahead is daunting, but we can and will succeed. 能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员，我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机，可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路，那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出信息，未来并非在劫难逃，而是乐观的，我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏，但是我们能够并且将会成功。 We know some of the answers already. There are immediate and significant savings in energy efficiency and conservation. Energy efficiency is not just low-hanging fruit; it is fruit lying on the ground. For example, we have the potential to make buildings 80 percent more efficient with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 15 years. Buildings consume 40 percent of the energy we use, and a transition to energy efficient buildings will cut our carbon emissions by one-third. 我们已经有了一些答案，可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果，而是已经成熟掉在地上了，就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比如，我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少 80% ，增加的投资在 15 年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的 40% ，节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减少三分之一。 We are revving up the remarkable American innovation machine that will be the basis of a new American prosperity. We will invent much improved methods to harness the sun, the wind, nuclear power, and capture and sequester the carbon dioxide emitted from our power plants. Advanced bio-fuels and the electrification of personal vehicles make us less dependent on foreign oil. 我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器，这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法，大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。 In the coming decades, we will almost certainly face higher oil prices and be in a carbon-constrained economy. We have the opportunity to lead in development of a new, industrial revolution. The great hockey player, Wayne Gretzky, when asked, how he positions himself on the ice, he replied,“ I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it’s been.” America should do the same. 在未来的几十年中，我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命，美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰球选手 Wayne Gretzky 被问到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答说： “ 我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它现在的位置。 ” 美国也应该这样做。 The Obama administration is laying a new foundation for a prosperous and sustainable energy future, but we don’t have all of the answers. That’s where you come in. In this address, I am asking you, the Harvard graduates, to join us. As our future intellectual leaders, take the time to learn more about what’s at stake, and then act on that knowledge. As future scientists and engineers, I ask you to give us better technology solutions. As future economists and political scientists, I ask you to create better policy options. As future business leaders, I ask that you make sustainability an integral part of your business. 奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源，打下新的基础。但是我们还有很多不知道的地方。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中，我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖，请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势，然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师，我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家，我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家，我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。 Finally, as humanists, I ask that you speak to our common humanity. One of the cruelest ironies about climate change is that the ones who will be hurt the most are the most innocent: the worlds poorest and those yet to be born. 最后，你们是人道主义者，我要求你们为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一，就是最受伤害的人，恰恰就是最无辜的人 —— 那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。 The coda to this last movement is borrowed from two humanists. 这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。 The first quote is from Martin Luther King. He spoke on ending the war in Vietnam in 1967, but his message seems so fitting for today’s climate crisis: 第一段引语来自马丁 · 路德 · 金。这是 1967 年他对越南战争结束的评论，但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。 “This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one"s tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind. This oft misunderstood, this oft misinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the Nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man … We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late.” “ 我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心，抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂；我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读，信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是，这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。 …… 我的朋友，眼前的事实就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中，有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。 ” The final message is from William Faulkner. On December 10th, 1950, his Nobel Prize banquet speech was about the role of humanists in a world facing potential nuclear holocaust. 第二段引语来自威廉 · 福克纳。 1950 年 12 月 10 月，他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说，谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下，人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。 “I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet"s, the writer"s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.” “ 我相信人类不会仅仅存在，他还将胜利。人类是不朽的，这不是因为万物当中仅仅他拥有发言权，而是因为他有一个灵魂，一种有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力的精神。诗人、作家的责任就是书写这种精神。他们有权力升华人类的心灵，使人类回忆起过去曾经使他无比光荣的东西 —— 勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯和牺牲。 ” Graduates, you have an extraordinary role to play in our future. As you pursue your private passions, I hope you will also develop a passion and a voice to help the world in ways both large and small. Nothing will give you greater satisfaction. 各位同学，你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时，我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神，积极发声，在大大小小各个方面帮助改进这个世界。这会给你们带来最大的满足感。 Please accept my warmest congratulations. May you prosper, may you help preserve and save our planet for your children, and all future children of the world. 最后，请接受我最热烈的祝贺。希望你们成功，也希望你们保护和拯救我们这个星球，为了你们的孩子，以及未来所有的孩子。
p { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } 在奥巴马办公室的一小时 蒋继平 2011 年 5 月 24 日 2007 年四月份，女儿到华盛顿参加“世界未来领袖”的国际中学生联谊会，因为她还小，我们不放心，就请假一起去华盛顿。 这种联谊会从头到尾是一周左右，女儿报到后，就与我们分开了，我们平时是不能去看她的，只有晚上吃完晚饭后可以与她简短地见一面。 因而，我和太太就利用这一周时间尽情地对美国首都进行一次全面的“考察”。 我们的首选是国会山庄，因为那是美国的政治中心。 那是一个特殊的时期，民主党和共和党的总统候选人都已纷纷登场， 为竞选 2008 年的总统宝座而四处奔忙。 作为当时伊利那斯州的参议员，奥巴马在二月份就正式宣布参加 2008 年的总统竞选。 奥巴马决定参加美国总统竞选的消息，在我的内心深处产生了一种难以言状的震撼。 因为我知道，美国历史上还没有任何一位黑人当过总统，也没有任何黑人作为总统候选人参加过竞选。因而，我对奥巴马产生了一种好奇心。 所以，我要利用这个机会亲自更具体地了解这个人。这是我决定去拜访奥巴马的第一个原因。 我决定去奥巴马办公室的第二个原因是：作为一个黑人，没有任何背景，凭自己的实力当上一个大洲的参议员，证明他是一个有才能的人。 我生来就佩服和敬重有才能的人，所以，想利用这次机会见一见这样的人。 奥巴马参议员在国会对待伊拉克战争上的态度，在关键问题上果断地投了反对票，在当时的情况下，这需要一定的勇气。 他的这种做法，在我的心中树立了良好的印象。 在我看来，他具有一颗正义和善良之心。 因而，他成了我心目中英雄。 这是我决定去见他的第三个理由。 我们在旅馆吃了早饭，乘地铁来到位于国会山庄的参议院大楼，经过例行的安全检查，就顺利地来到了奥巴马参议员的办公室。 由于没有事先预约，进入办公室后，前台两位公务员（奥巴马的助手）面对我们两位不速之客先是有点警觉的神情，然后在看了我的名片和得知我们的来意后，就显示出大多数公务员经过职业训练的素养，笑脸相对，询问我们访问的主要目的是什么。 当得知我们想见奥巴马参议员后，她们礼貌地告须我们： “ Very sorry, Obama is not at this office today. He went to other places for his presidential bid （很对不起，奥巴马今天不在这个办公室，他到别的地方去作竞选演说去了）。” 见不到奥巴马，使我的目的落空，心里不高兴，脸上有些失落的表情， 那些见过世面的公务员当然看得出来，在我们表示要离开时，她们说： Although you cannot meet Obama today, you can make an appointment with him next time if you want. However, if you want to say something to him, you can write down your words here on this book ( 尽管今天您们见不到奥巴马， 您们可以预约下次与他见面的时间，不过，假如您们只想跟他说些什么， 您们可以在这本本子上留言 ) 。 我想了一下， 预约下次的见面也不是一件容易的事， 他很忙，我也很忙， 而且即使见面也只是把自己要说的话说出来。 所以，稍微犹豫一下， 马上示意她们我要留言。 她们立即把本子和笔递了过来， 让我在桌子上写留言。 我拿起笔就匆匆地在本子上写下了下面的几句话： If you want to win the election, please focus on the following three things as your main theme: （假如您想赢得竞选，请着重下列三个方面作为您的主题）： Health program and health insurance ( 健康项目和健康保险 ) Education and future （教育和未来） Economic income and wealth imbalance （经济收入和财富的不平衡）。 当然，我在本子上的真实留言要比上面的三点详细一些，因为几年过去了，不能每个字都记得起来，所以，本文只是非常简要地说个大概。 我和那两位公务员讲了几句话，重申了我的观点，恳请她们一定给奥巴马转达我的建议。 她们答应一定会的。 我看了一下手表，从进入办公室到出来，一共花了将近一个小时左右。 这一个小时到底意味着什么，我不想多加评论。 可是，有一点是很清楚的，奥巴马在他的总统竞选过程中谈论的主题大部分是与我上面的三条建议有关的。 即使他当了总统后，还是经常围绕着这三个方面向全国发表演讲。
我们每个人都有自己特别的才能，都是有用之材，但是只有通过教育，我们才能去发现自我，了解自我。每个孩子都应该以天生我材必有用的自信心去锲而不舍地追求自己的梦想，认真做好每一件事情，不要问世界为我们做了什么，而是问我能为这个世界做什么？ 视频地址： http://www.whitehouse.gov/video/President-Obamas-Message-for-Americas-Students 优酷： http://t.cn/h1FXuP REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN A NATIONAL ADDRESS TO AMERICA'S SCHOOLCHILDREN Wakefield High School Arlington, Virginia Hello, everybody! Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everybody. All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat. How is everybody doing today? (Applause.) How about Tim Spicer? (Applause.) I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. And we've got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade. And I am just so glad that all could join us today. And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host. Give yourselves a big round of applause. (Applause.) I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school. And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it's your first day in a new school, so it's understandable if you're a little nervous. I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go. And no matter what grade you're in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could've stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning. I know that feeling. When I was young, my family lived overseas. I lived in Indonesia for a few years. And my mother, she didn't have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning. Now, as you might imagine, I wasn't too happy about getting up that early. And a lot of times, I'd fall asleep right there at the kitchen table. But whenever I'd complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she'd say, "This is no picnic for me either, buster." (Laughter.) So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you. I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year. Now, I've given a lot of speeches about education. And I've talked about responsibility a lot. I've talked about teachers' responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn. I've talked about your parents' responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox. I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren't working, where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve. But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world -- and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed. That's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education. I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself. Every single one of you has something that you're good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That's the opportunity an education can provide. （天生我材必有用，通过教育发现挖掘自己的潜能，然后使之得以最大化的发挥。这是我们的一种责任！） Maybe you could be a great writer -- maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper -- but you might not know it until you write that English paper -- that English class paper that's assigned to you. Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor -- maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine -- but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class. Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice -- but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team. And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it. You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers. You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job. You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it. And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future. What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country. The future of America depends on you. What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future. You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment. You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free. You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy. We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you don't do that -- if you quit on school -- you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school. I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork. I get it. I know what it's like. My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had. There were times when I missed having a father in my life. There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in. So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have. And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse. But I was -- I was lucky. I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams. My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story. Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money. But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country. Some of you might not have those advantages. Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need. Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around. Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right. But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life -- what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home -- none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school. That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school. There is no excuse for not trying. Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up. No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny. You make your own future. （命运和未来掌握在自己的手中！） That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America. Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas. Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school. Neither of her parents had gone to college. But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University -- is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr. Jazmin Perez. I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three. He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer -- hundreds of extra hours -- to do his schoolwork. But he never fell behind. He's headed to college this fall. And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois. Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college. And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you. They face challenges in their lives just like you do. In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you. But they refused to give up. They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves. And I expect all of you to do the same. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education -- and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book. Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community. Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn. Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn. And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter. But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work -- that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. Chances are you're not going to be any of those things. The truth is, being successful is hard. You won't love every subject that you study. You won't click with every teacher that you have. Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute. And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try. That's okay. Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures. J.K. Rowling's -- who wrote Harry Potter -- her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, "I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's why I succeed." These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you -- you have to let your failures teach you. You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time. So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right. If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying. （无数次的失败教会我们如何成功。） No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practice. The same principle applies to your schoolwork. You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right. You might have to read something a few times before you understand it. You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in. Don't be afraid to ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new. So find an adult that you trust -- a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor -- and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals. And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. （即使全世界都放弃了你，你也不要放弃你自己！） The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough. It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best. It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation. Young people. Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war; who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon. Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other. So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country? （我们这代人能给这个社会，这个国家带来什么？） Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions. I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn. But you've got to do your part, too. So I expect all of you to get serious this year. I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do. I expect great things from each of you. So don't let us down. Don't let your family down or your country down. Most of all, don't let yourself down. Make us all proud. Thank you very much, everybody. God bless you. God bless America. Thank you. (Applause.) END
教育的最重要一点在于师范，师范的价值是无限的，当然不是复制，是引导，引导正确的价值观，正确的奋斗精神等。 你看奥巴马那种不用演讲稿就能讲的那么头头是道不就是一个非常好的师范，不要讲这种方式是美式什么的，终究是非常美的。 里面有还几个细节值得去欣赏，比如学生后面的老师，学校终究是以学生为中心的，还有学生讲完后老师引导学生去迎接学生，还有奥巴马特意与学生留影，这一切才是我们教育所缺的。做到真的不是很难，为什么领导不是服务呢？为什么为人民服务那么难呢？做为人民服务的领导难道不好吗？我想每个人心中是善良的。 THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary ___________________________________________________________________________ For Immediate ReleaseSeptember 8, 2009 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN A NATIONAL ADDRESS TO AMERICA'S SCHOOLCHILDREN Wakefield High School Arlington, Virginia 12:06 P.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Hello, everybody! Thank you. Thank you. Thank you, everybody. All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat. How is everybody doing today? (Applause.) How about Tim Spicer? (Applause.) I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia. And we've got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade. And I am just so glad that all could join us today. And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host. Give yourselves a big round of applause. (Applause.) I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school. And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it's your first day in a new school, so it's understandable if you're a little nervous. I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now -- (applause) -- with just one more year to go. And no matter what grade you're in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could've stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning. I know that feeling. When I was young, my family lived overseas. I lived in Indonesia for a few years. And my mother, she didn't have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning. Now, as you might imagine, I wasn't too happy about getting up that early. And a lot of times, I'd fall asleep right there at the kitchen table. But whenever I'd complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she'd say, "This is no picnic for me either, buster." (Laughter.) So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school. But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you. I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year. Now, I've given a lot of speeches about education. And I've talked about responsibility a lot. I've talked about teachers' responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn. I've talked about your parents' responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox. I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren't working, where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve. But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world -- and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed. That's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education. I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself. Every single one of you has something that you're good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That's the opportunity an education can provide. Maybe you could be a great writer -- maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper -- but you might not know it until you write that English paper -- that English class paper that's assigned to you. Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor -- maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine -- but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class. Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice -- but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team. And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it. You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers. You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job. You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it. And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future. What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country. The future of America depends on you. What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future. You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment. You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free. You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy. We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you don't do that -- if you quit on school -- you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school. I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork. I get it. I know what it's like. My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had. There were times when I missed having a father in my life. There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in. So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have. And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse. But I was -- I was lucky. I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams. My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story. Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money. But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country. Some of you might not have those advantages. Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need. Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around. Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right. But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life -- what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home -- none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school. That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school. There is no excuse for not trying. Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up. No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America. Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas. Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school. Neither of her parents had gone to college. But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University -- is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr. Jazmin Perez. I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three. He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer -- hundreds of extra hours -- to do his schoolwork. But he never fell behind. He's headed to college this fall. And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois. Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college. And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you. They face challenges in their lives just like you do. In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you. But they refused to give up. They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves. And I expect all of you to do the same. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education -- and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book. Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community. Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn. Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn. And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter. But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work -- that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. Chances are you're not going to be any of those things. The truth is, being successful is hard. You won't love every subject that you study. You won't click with every teacher that you have. Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute. And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try. That's okay. Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures. J.K. Rowling's -- who wrote Harry Potter -- her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, "I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's why I succeed." These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you -- you have to let your failures teach you. You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time. So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right. If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practice. The same principle applies to your schoolwork. You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right. You might have to read something a few times before you understand it. You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in. Don't be afraid to ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new. So find an adult that you trust -- a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor -- and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals. And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough. It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best. It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation. Young people. Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war; who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon. Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other. So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country? Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions. I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn. But you've got to do your part, too. So I expect all of you to get serious this year. I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do. I expect great things from each of you. So don't let us down. Don't let your family down or your country down. Most of all, don't let yourself down. Make us all proud. Thank you very much, everybody. God bless you. God bless America. Thank you. (Applause.) END 12:22 P.M. EDT http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-the-President-in-a-National-Address-to-Americas-Schoolchildren/ 奥巴马在开学日的讲话作者：骆相伟 来源：xsk 点击：1108次 评论： 0 条 /*580*90，创建于2010-10-31*/var cpro_id = 'u261722'; 奥巴马在开学日的讲话 弗吉尼亚州，阿林顿市，2009年9月8日 嗨，大家好！你们今天过得怎么样？我现在和弗吉尼亚州阿林顿郡韦克菲尔德高中的学生们在一起，全国各地也有从幼儿园到高三的众多学生们通过电视关注这里，我很高兴你们能共同分享这一时刻。 我知道，对你们中的许多人来说，今天是开学的第一天，你们中的有一些刚刚进入幼儿园或升上初高中，对你们来说，这是在新学校的第一天，因此，假如你们感到有些紧张，那也是很正常的。我想也会有许多毕业班的学生们正自信满满地准备最后一年的冲刺。不过，我想无论你有多大、在读哪个年级，许多人都打心底里希望现在还在放暑假，以及今天不用那么早起床。 我可以理解这份心情。小时候，我们家在印度尼西亚住过几年，而我妈妈没钱送我去其他美国孩子们上学的地方去读书，因此她决定自己给我上课——时间是每周一到周五的凌晨4点半。 显然，我不怎么喜欢那么早就爬起来，很多时候，我就这么在厨房的桌子前睡着了。每当我埋怨的时候，我妈总会用同一副表情看着我说：“小鬼，你以为教你我就很轻松？” 所以，我可以理解你们中的许多人对于开学还需要时间来调整和适应，但今天我站在这里，是为了和你们谈一些重要的事情。我要和你们谈一谈你们每个人的教育，以及在新的学年里，你们应当做些什么。 我做过许多关于教育的讲话，也常常用到“责任”这个词。 我谈到过教师们有责任激励和启迪你们，督促你们学习。 我谈到过家长们有责任看管你们认真学习、完成作业，不要成天只会看电视或打游戏机。 我也很多次谈到过政府有责任设定高标准严要求、协助老师和校长们的工作，改变在有些学校里学生得不到应有的学习机会的现状。 但哪怕这一切都达到最好，哪怕我们有最尽职的教师、最好的家长、和最优秀的学校，假如你们不去履行自己的责任的话，那么这一切努力都会白费。——除非你每天准时去上学、除非你认真地听老师讲课、除非你把父母、长辈和其他大人们说的话放在心上、除非你肯付出成功所必需的努力，否则这一切都会失去意义。 而这就是我今天讲话的主题：对于自己的教育，你们中每一个人的责任。首先，我想谈谈你们对于自己有什么责任。 你们中的每一个人都会有自己擅长的东西，每一个人都是有用之材，而发现自己的才能是什么，就是你们要对自己担起的责任。教育给你们提供了发现自己才能的机会。 或许你能写出优美的文字——甚至有一天能让那些文字出现在书籍和报刊上——但假如不在英语课上经常练习写作，你不会发现自己有这样的天赋；或许你能成为一个发明家、创造家——甚至设计出像今天的iPhone一样流行的产品，或研制出新的药物与疫苗——但假如不在自然科学课程上做上几次实验，你不会知道自己有这样的天赋；或许你能成为一名议员或最高法院法官，但假如你不去加入什么学生会或参加几次辩论赛，你也不会发现自己的才能。 而且，我可以向你保证，不管你将来想要做什么，你都需要相应的教育。——你想当名医生、当名教师或当名警官？你想成为护士、成为建筑设计师、律师或军人？无论你选择哪一种职业，良好的教育都必不可少，这世上不存在不把书念完就能拿到好工作的美梦，任何工作，都需要你的汗水、训练与学习。 不仅仅对于你们个人的未来有重要意义，你们的教育如何也会对这个国家、乃至世界的未来产生重要影响。今天你们在学校中学习的内容，将会决定我们整个国家在未来迎接重大挑战时的表现。 你们需要在数理科学课程上学习的知识和技能，去治疗癌症、艾滋那样的疾病，和解决我们面临的能源问题与环境问题；你们需要在历史社科课程上培养出的观察力与判断力，来减轻和消除无家可归与贫困、犯罪问题和各种歧视，让这个国家变得更加公平和自由；你们需要在各类课程中逐渐累积和发展出来的创新意识和思维，去创业和建立新的公司与企业，来制造就业机会和推动经济的增长。 我们需要你们中的每一个人都培养和发展自己的天赋、技能和才智，来解决我们所面对的最困难的问题。假如你不这么做——假如你放弃学习——那么你不仅是放弃了自己，也是放弃了你的国家。 当然，我明白，读好书并不总是件容易的事。我知道你们中的许多人在生活中面临着各种各样的问题，很难把精力集中在专心读书之上。 我知道你们的感受。我父亲在我两岁时就离开了家庭，是母亲一人将我们拉扯大，有时她付不起帐单，有时我们得不到其他孩子们都有的东西，有时我会想，假如父亲在该多好，有时我会感到孤独无助，与周围的环境格格不入。 因此我并不总是能专心学习，我做过许多自己觉得丢脸的事情，也惹出过许多不该惹的麻烦，我的生活岌岌可危，随时可能急转直下。 但我很幸运。我在许多事上都得到了重来的机会，我得到了去大学读法学院、实现自己梦想的机会。我的妻子——现在得叫她第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马了——也有着相似的人生故事，她的父母都没读过大学，也没有什么财产，但他们和她都辛勤工作，好让她有机会去这个国家最优秀的学校读书。 你们中有些人可能没有这些有利条件，或许你的生活中没有能为你提供帮助和支持的长辈，或许你的某个家长没有工作、经济拮据，或许你住的社区不那么安全，或许你认识一些会对你产生不良影响的朋友，等等。 但归根结底，你的生活状况——你的长相、出身、经济条件、家庭氛围——都不是疏忽学业和态度恶劣的借口，这些不是你去跟老师顶嘴、逃课、或是辍学的借口，这些不是你不好好读书的借口。 你的未来，并不取决于你现在的生活有多好或多坏。没有人为你编排好你的命运，在美国，你的命运由你自己书写，你的未来由你自己掌握。 而在这片土地上的每个地方，千千万万和你一样的年轻人正是这样在书写着自己的命运。 例如德克萨斯州罗马市的贾斯敏·佩雷兹（Jazmin Perez）。刚进学校时，她根本不会说英语，她住的地方几乎没人上过大学，她的父母也没有受过高等教育，但她努力学习，取得了优异的成绩，靠奖学金进入了布朗大学，如今正在攻读公共卫生专业的博士学位。 我还想起了加利福尼亚州洛斯拉图斯市的安多尼·舒尔兹（Andoni Schultz），他从三岁起就开始与脑癌病魔做斗争，他熬过了一次次治疗与手术——其中一次影响了他的记忆，因此他得花出比常人多几百个小时的时间来完成学业，但他从不曾落下自己的功课。这个秋天，他要开始在大学读书了。 又比如在我的家乡，伊利诺斯州芝加哥市，身为孤儿的香特尔·史蒂夫（Shantell Steve）换过多次收养家庭，从小在治安很差的地区长大，但她努力争取到了在当地保健站工作的机会、发起了一个让青少年远离犯罪团伙的项目，很快，她也将以优异的成绩从中学毕业，去大学深造。 贾斯敏、安多尼和香特尔与你们并没有什么不同。和你们一样，他们也在生活中遭遇各种各样的困难与问题，但他们拒绝放弃，他们选择为自己的教育担起责任、给自己定下奋斗的目标。我希望你们中的每一个人，都能做得到这些。 因此，在今天，我号召你们每一个人都为自己的教育定下一个目标——并在之后，尽自己的一切努力去实现它。你的目标可以很简单，像是完成作业、认真听讲或每天阅读——或许你打算参加一些课外活动，或在社区做些志愿工作；或许你决定为那些因为长相或出身等等原因而受嘲弄或欺负的孩子做主、维护他们的权益，因为你和我一样，认为每个孩子都应该能有一个安全的学习环境；或许你认为该学着更好的照顾自己，来为将来的学习做准备……当然，除此之外，我希望你们都多多洗手、感到身体不舒服的时候要多在家休息，免得大家在秋冬感冒高发季节都得流感。 不管你决定做什么，我都希望你能坚持到底，希望你能真的下定决心。 我知道有些时候，电视上播放的节目会让你产生这样那样的错觉，似乎你不需要付出多大的努力就能腰缠万贯、功成名就——你会认为只要会唱rap、会打篮球或参加个什么真人秀节目就能坐享其成，但现实是，你几乎没有可能走上其中任何一条道路。 因为，成功是件难事。你不可能对要读的每门课程都兴趣盎然，你不可能和每名带课教师都相处顺利，你也不可能每次都遇上看起来和现实生活有关的作业。而且，并不是每件事，你都能在头一次尝试时获得成功。 但那没有关系。因为在这个世界上，最最成功的人们往往也经历过最多的失败。J.K.罗琳的第一本《哈利·波特》被出版商拒绝了十二次才最终出版；迈克尔·乔丹上高中时被学校的篮球队刷了下来，在他的职业生涯里，他输了几百场比赛、投失过几千次射篮，知道他是怎么说的吗？“我一生不停地失败、失败再失败，这就是我现在成功的原因。” 他们的成功，源于他们明白人不能让失败左右自己——而是要从中吸取经验。从失败中，你可以明白下一次自己可以做出怎样的改变；假如你惹了什么麻烦，那并不说明你就是个捣蛋贵，而是在提醒你，在将来要对自己有更严格的要求；假如你考了个低分，那并不说明你就比别人笨，而是在告诉你，自己得在学习上花更多的时间。 没有哪一个人一生出来就擅长做什么事情的，只有努力才能培养出技能。任何人都不是在第一次接触一项体育运动时就成为校队的代表，任何人都不是在第一次唱一首歌时就找准每一个音，一切都需要熟能生巧。对于学业也是一样，你或许要反复运算才能解出一道数学题的正确答案，你或许需要读一段文字好几遍才能理解它的意思，你或许得把论文改上好几次才能符合提交的标准。这都是很正常的。 不要害怕提问。不要不敢向他人求助。 ——我每天都在这么做。求助并不是软弱的表现，恰恰相反，它说明你有勇气承认自己的不足、并愿意去学习新的知识。所以，有不懂时，就向大人们求助吧——找个你信得过的对象，例如父母、长辈、老师、教练或辅导员——让他们帮助你向目标前进。 你要记住，哪怕你表现不好、哪怕你失去信心、哪怕你觉得身边的人都已经放弃了你——永远不要自己放弃自己。因为当你放弃自己的时候，你也放弃了自己的国家。 美国不是一个人们遭遇困难就轻易放弃的国度，在这个国家，人们坚持到底、人们加倍努力，为了他们所热爱的国度，每一个人都尽着自己最大的努力，不会给自己留任何余地。 250年前，有一群和你们一样的学生，他们之后奋起努力、用一场革命最终造就了这个国家；75年前，有一群和你们一样的学生，他们之后战胜了大萧条、赢得了二战；就在20年前，和你们一样的学生们，他们后来创立了Google、Twitter和Facebook，改变了我们人与人之间沟通的方式。 因此，今天我想要问你们，你们会做出什么样的贡献？你们将解决什么样的难题？你们能发现什么样的事物？二十、五十或百年之后，假如那时的美国总统也来做一次开学演讲的话，他会怎样描述你们对这个国家所做的一切？ 你们的家长、你们的老师和我，每一个人都在尽最大的努力，确保你们都能得到应有的教育来回答这些问题。例如我正在努力为你们提供更安全的教室、更多的书籍、更先进的设施与计算机。但你们也要担起自己的责任。因此我要求你们在今年能够认真起来，我要求你们尽心地去做自己着手的每一件事，我要求你们每一个人都有所成就。请不要让我们失望——不要让你的家人、你的国家和你自己失望。你们要成为我们骄傲，我知道，你们一定可以做到。 谢谢大家，上帝保佑你们，上帝保佑美国。 http://fyeedu.net/info/115513-1.htm
Stanley Ann Dunham at Borobudur in Indonesia, in the early 1970s. Obama, 9, with his stepfather, Lolo Soetoro, his mother, Ann, and his sister, Maya, in Indonesia in 1970. Barack Obama with his mother in Hawaii. PACIFIC RIM Barack Obama and his grandfather, Stanley Armour Dunham in Hawaii. HAWAII TIME Barack Obama with his father at the Honolulu airport at Christmas in 1971. Barack Obama with his mother at the Punahou School commencement in 1979. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/24/magazine/mag-24Obama-t.html?pagewanted=2_r=1ref=global-home
我转载到这里，其实是想让我们的领导人，学学怎么演讲、怎样演讲、怎样发表一份让国民深受激励、充满期望、激情迸发、获益匪浅的演讲。 My fellow citizens: 我的同胞们： I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition. 今天我站在这里，看到眼前面临的重大任务，深感卑微。我感谢你们对我的信任，也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。 Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents. 迄今为止，已经有44个美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。在紧张的形势中，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，也在于美国人民对国家先驱者理想的信仰，以及对美国立国文件的忠诚。 So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. 前辈们如此，我们这一代美国人也要如此。 That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our healthcare is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. 现在我们都深知，我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗，对手是影响深远的暴力和憎恨；国家的经济也受到严重的削弱，原因虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任，但更为重要的是我们作为一个整体在一些重大问题上决策失误，同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。我们的人民正在失去家园，失去工作，很多企业倒闭。社会的医疗过于昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望，而且每天都会有新的证据显示，我们利用能源的方式助长了我们的敌对势力，同时也威胁着我们的星球。 These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistic s. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. 统计数据的指标传达着危机的消息。危机难以测量，但更难以测量的是其对美国人国家自信的侵蚀--现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须低调的言论正在吞噬着人们的自信。 Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met. 今天我要说，我们的确面临着很多严峻的挑战，而且在短期内不大可能轻易解决。但是我们要相信，我们一定会度过难关。 On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. 今天，我们在这里齐聚一堂，因为我们战胜恐惧选择了希望，摒弃了冲突和矛盾而选择了团结。 On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievance s and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics. 今天，我们宣布要为无谓的摩擦、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的若干陈旧教条。 We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. 美国仍是一个年轻的国家，借用《圣经》的话说，放弃幼稚的时代已经到来了。重拾坚韧精神的时代已经到来，我们要为历史作出更好的选择，我们要秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利，秉承那种代代相传的高贵理念：上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由，以及每个人尽全力去追求幸福的机会。 show_a4_zone("Z3"); 挑战9月口译考试，你准备好了吗？ 奥巴马就职演讲稿（中英文对照） 奥巴马G20伦敦演讲现场（高清视频下载+文本） 奥巴马在林肯纪念堂的演讲（双语） 奥巴马复活节演讲（视频下载+文本） 奥巴马访弱势群体学校发表演讲（视频+文本） show_a4_zone("Z4"); 求职黄金季，你该如何跳？ In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labour, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom. 在重申我们国家伟大之处的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，伟大需要努力赢得。（我们的民族一路走来），这旅途之中从未有过捷径或者妥协，这旅途也不适合胆怯之人、或者爱安逸胜过爱工作之人、或者单单追求名利之人。这条路是勇于承担风险者之路，是实干家、创造者之路。这其中有一些人名留青史，但是更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅行，带领我们走向富强和自由。 For us, they packed up their few worldly possession s and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. 为了我们，先辈们带着微薄的细软，横渡大洋，寻找新生活；为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作，定居他乡；为了我们，先辈们奔赴（独立战争中的）康科德城和葛底斯堡、（二战中的）诺曼底、（越战中的）Khe Sahn，他们征战、死去。 Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction. 一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了我们可以生活得更好。在他们看来，美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心，也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。 This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous , powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. 今天我们继续先辈们的旅途。美国依然是地球上最富裕、最强大的国家。同危机初露端倪之时相比，美国人民的生产力依然旺盛；与上周、上个月或者去年相比，我们的头脑依然富于创造力，我们的商品和服务依然很有市场，我们的实力不曾削弱。但是，可以肯定的是，轻歌曼舞的时代、保护狭隘利益的时代以及对艰难决定犹豫不决的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须跌倒后爬起来，拍拍身上的泥土，重新开始工作，重塑美国。 For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise healthcare's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do. 我目之所及，都有工作有待完成。国家的经济情况要求我们采取大胆且快速的行动，我们的确是要行动，不仅是要创造就业，更要为（下一轮经济）增长打下新的基础。我们将造桥铺路，为企业铺设电网和数字线路，将我们联系在一起。我们将回归科学，运用科技的奇迹提高医疗质量，降低医疗费用。我们将利用风能、太阳能和土壤驱动车辆，为工厂提供能源。我们将改革中小学以及大专院校，以适应新时代的要求。这一切，我们都能做到，而且我们都将会做到。 Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage. 现在，有一些人开始质疑我们的野心是不是太大了，他们认为我们的体制承载不了太多的宏伟计划。他们是健忘了。他们已经忘了这个国家已经取得的成就；他们已经忘了当创造力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合起来时，自由的美国人民所能发挥的能量。 What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government. 这些怀疑论者的错误在于，他们没有意识到政治现实已经发生了变化，长期以来耗掉我们太多精力的陈腐政治论争已经不再适用。今天，我们的问题不在于政府的大小，而在于政府能否起作用，政府能否帮助家庭找到薪水合适的工作、给他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给与肯定的答案，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。而掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，磊落做事，这样才能在政府和人民之间重建至关重要的相互信任。 Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favours only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach f; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. 我们面临的问题也不是市场好坏的问题。市场创造财富、拓展自由的能力无可匹敌，但是这场危机提醒我们，如果没有监管，市场很可能就会失去控制，而且偏袒富人国家的繁荣无法持久。国家经济的成败不仅仅取决于国内生产总值的大小，而且取决于繁荣的覆盖面，取决于我们是否有能力让所有有意愿的人都有机会走向富裕。我们这样做不是慈善，而是因为这是确保实现共同利益的途径。 As for our common defence, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more. 就共同防御而言，我们认为国家安全与国家理想的只能选其一的排他选择是错的。面对我们几乎无法想像的危险，我们的先辈们起草了确保法治和个人权利的宪章。一代代人民的鲜血夯实了这一宪章。宪章中的理想依然照亮着世界，我们不能以经验之谈放弃这些理想。因此我想对正在观看这一仪式的其他国家的人民和政府说，不论他们现在各国伟大的首府还是在如同我父亲出生地一般的小村落，我想让他们知道：对于每个追求和平和自尊的国家和个人而言，美国都是朋友，我们愿意再次领导大家踏上追寻之旅。 Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missile s and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint. 回想先辈们在抵抗法西斯主义之时，他们不仅依靠手中的导弹或坦克，他们还依靠稳固的联盟和坚定的信仰。他们深知单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，他们也深知我们强大并不足以使我们有权利为所欲为。他们明白，正是因为使用谨慎，我们的实力才不断增强；正是因为我们的事业是公正的、我们为世界树立了榜样，因为我们的谦卑和节制，我们才安全。 We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principle s once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologise for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defence, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you. 我们继承了这些遗产。在这些原则的再次领导下，我们有能力应对新的威胁，我们需要付出更多的努力、进行国家间更广泛的合作以及增进国家间的理解。首先，我们将以负责任的态度，将伊拉克交还给伊拉克人民，同时巩固阿富汗来之不易的和平。对于老朋友和老对手，我们将继续努力，不遗余力，削弱核威胁，遏制全球变暖的幽灵。我们不会为我们的生活方式感到报歉，我们会不动摇地扞卫我们的生活方式。对于那些企图通过恐怖主义或屠杀无辜平民达成目标的人，我们要对他们说：我们的信仰更加坚定，不可动摇，你们不可能拖垮我们，我们定将战胜你们。 For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness . We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace. 因为我们知道，我们的多元化遗产是一个优势，而非劣势。我们国家里有基督徒也有穆斯林，有犹太教徒也有印度教徒，同时也有非宗教信徒。我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个星球上任何一个角落的有益成分。正是因为我们民族曾亲尝过内战和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大更加团结，因此我们不由自主，只能相信一切仇恨终有一天都会成为过去，种族的划分不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，我们相信终有一天人类共有的人性品德将会自动显现。在迎接新的和平时代到来的过程中，美国需要发挥自己的作用。 To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the west - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. 对于穆斯林世界，我们将基于共同的利益和信仰，寻找更好的合作之路。对于那些在世界各个地方挑起冲突或一味批评西方不良影响的领导者：你的人民评判你的依据是你建立了什么，而不是破坏了什么。对于那些依靠腐败和欺骗并压制异议而追求权利的人们：你们站在了人类历史的对立面。如果你们能张开紧握的拳头，我们也将伸出友谊之手。 To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it. 对于那些贫穷的人们，我们保证和你们一起建设繁茂的农场和干净的水源，滋养那些饥寒交迫的身体和心灵。对于那些与我们一样相对富裕的国家，我们不能再对外界的苦难漠不关心，更不能继续大肆索取世界的资源。世界必须改变，我们都必须改变。 show_a4_zone("Z3"); 挑战9月口译考试，你准备好了吗？ 奥巴马就职演讲稿（中英文对照） 奥巴马G20伦敦演讲现场（高清视频下载+文本） 奥巴马在林肯纪念堂的演讲（双语） 奥巴马复活节演讲（视频下载+文本） 奥巴马访弱势群体学校发表演讲（视频+文本） show_a4_zone("Z4"); 求职黄金季，你该如何跳？ As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honour them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all. 当我们审视前方的道路时，我们会感激那些跨越千山万水来到这里的人们。今天，他们有话对我们说，也是安息在阿林顿国家公墓里的先烈们时刻提醒我们的。我们尊敬他们不仅因为是他们捍卫了我们的自由，更因为他们正是奉献精神的化身；他们致力于寻找远高于自身的生命真谛。而此时，在这个特殊的时代，我们更需让这种精神长存。 For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate. 因为无论美国政府能做多少，必须做多少，美国国家的立国之本最终还是美国人的决心和信念。于防洪堤坝决堤之时收留陌生受难者的善意，于在经济不景气的时候宁愿减少自己工时也不肯看着朋友失业的无私，正是他们支撑我们走过黑暗的时刻。消防队员冲入满是浓烟的楼梯抢救生命的勇气，父母养育孩子的坚持，正是这些决定了我们的命运。 Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task. 我们面临的挑战也许是新的，我们应对挑战的措施也许也是新的，但那些长期以来指导我们成功的价值观--勤奋、诚实、勇气、公平竞争、包容以及对世界保持好奇心，还有对国家的忠诚和爱国主义--却是历久弥新，这些价值观是可靠的。他们是创造美国历史的无声力量。我们现在需要的就是回归这些古老的价值观。我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到即我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任，我们不应该不情愿地接受这些责任，而应该快乐地承担起这些责任。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。 This is the price and the promise of citizenship. 这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。 This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny . 我们自信源于对上帝的信仰，上帝号召我们要掌握自己的命运。 This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath. 这就是我们自由和信仰的意义，这也是为何不同种族、不同信仰、不同性别和年龄的人可以同聚一堂在此欢庆的原因，也是我今天能站在这里庄严宣誓的原因，而在50多年前我的父亲甚至都不能成为地方餐馆的服务生。 So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: 所以，让我们铭记自己的身份，镌刻自己的足迹。在美国诞生的时代，那最寒冷的岁月里，一群勇敢的爱国人士围着篝火在冰封的河边取暖。首都被占领，敌人在挺进，冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。在美国大革命最受质疑的时刻，我们的国父们这样说： "Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet ." “我们要让未来的世界知道……在深冬的严寒里，唯有希望和勇气才能让我们存活……面对共同的危险时，我们的城市和国家要勇敢地上前去面对。” America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy current s, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations. 今天的美国也在严峻的寒冬中面对共同的挑战，让我们记住国父们不朽的语言。带着希望和勇气，让我们再一次勇敢地面对寒流，迎接可能会发生的风暴。我们要让我们的子孙后代记住，在面临挑战的时候，我们没有屈服，我们没有逃避也没有犹豫，我们脚踏实地、心怀信仰，秉承了宝贵的自由权利并将其安全地交到了下一代的手中。
随着石油价格超过一桶100美元，美国总统开始关注美国的能源政策。3月30日奥巴马总统在 乔治敦 大学（Georgetown University ）发表演讲呼吁到2025年美国的石油进口减少1/3。 （http://www.georgetown.edu/news/topics/obamaatgeorgetown.html ） 奥巴马说“I set this goal knowing that we’re still going to have to import some oil,” the President said. “It will remain an important part of our energy portfolio for quite some time, until we’ve gotten alternative energy strategies fully in force. And when it comes to the oil we import from other nations, obviously we’ve got to look at neighbors like Canada and Mexico that are stable and steady and reliable sources. We also have to look at other countries like Brazil.” 奥巴马继续说“But our best opportunities to enhance our energy security can be found in our own backyard,” the President continued, “…because we boast one critical, renewable resource that the rest of the world can’t match: American ingenuity. American ingenuity, American know-how.” 2011年3月30日美国白宫发表了美国的能源安全报告（ America's Energy Security ） ，概述了 总统的 建议。以下是来自白宫网站上的美国能源安全报告。 FACT SHEET: America's Energy Security Rising prices at the pump affect everybody – workers and farmers; truck drivers and restaurant owners. Businesses see it impact their bottom line. Families feel the pinch when they fill up their tank. For Americans already struggling to get by, it makes life that much harder. That’s why we need to make ourselves more secure and control our energy future by harnessing all of the resources that we have available and embracing a diverse energy portfolio. With an ultimate goal of reducing our dependence on oil, in the near term we must responsibly develop and produce oil and gas at home, while at the same time leveraging cleaner, alternative fuels and increasing efficiency. And beyond our efforts to reduce our dependence on oil, we must focus on expanding cleaner sources of electricity – keeping America on the cutting edge of clean energy technology so that we can build a 21st century clean energy economy and win the future. Reducing oil imports In 2008, America imported 11 million barrels of oil a day. By 2025 – a little over a decade from now – we will have cut that by one-third. Expanding Safe and Responsible Domestic Oil and Gas Development and Production: Implementing critical safety reforms: In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Obama Administration has launched rigorous and comprehensive environmental and safety reforms to ensure the responsible development of offshore oil and gas resource Identifying underdeveloped resources: The President asked the Department of the Interior (DOI) to issue a report on the status of unused oil and gas leases. That report showed that 57 percent of all leased onshore acres and 70 percent of offshore leased acres are inactive – meaning that they are neither being explored or developed. Developing incentives for expedited development and production: DOI is developing incentives for expedited development of oil and gas production from existing and future leases. For its offshore leasing program, the DOI has already begun to employ incentives, including the shortening of some lease terms to encourage earlier development, and requiring drilling to begin before an extension can be granted on a lease. DOI is also evaluating the potential use of graduated royalty rate structures, such as those adopted by the State of Texas, to encourage more rapid production. Securing Access to Diverse and Reliable Sources of Energy: The U.S. is acting in the international arena to moderate global oil demand and secure additional supplies of liquid fuels and clean energy. We are working with our international partners to increase natural gas supplies, replace oil with natural gas in power generation, and increase responsible oil production in a manner that ensures safety . We are also increasing sustainable bioenergy production, building a new international framework for nuclear energy, and promoting energy efficiency. Developing Alternatives to Oil, Including Biofuels and Natural Gas: Some of our most effective opportunities to enhance our energy security can be found in our own backyard. We are committed to finding better and smarter ways to use these abundant energy resources. That means: Expanding biofuels markets and commercializing new biofuels technologies: Corn ethanol is already making a significant contribution to reducing our oil dependence, but increasing market share will require overcoming infrastructure challenges and commercializing promising cellulosic and advanced biofuels technologies. To help achieve this goal, the Administration has set a goal of breaking ground on at least four commercial-scale cellulosic or advanced bio-refineries over the next two years. And as we do all of these things, we will look for ways to reform our biofuels incentives to make sure they meet today’s biofuels challenges and save taxpayers money. Encouraging responsible development practices for natural gas: The Administration is committed to the use of this important domestic resource, but we must ensure it is developed safely and responsibly. To that end the Administration is focused on increasing transparency about the use of fracking chemicals, working with state regulators to offer technical assistance, and launching a new initiative to tap experts in industry, the environmental community and states to develop recommendations for shale extraction practices that will ensure the protection of public health and the environment. Cutting Costs at the Pump with More Efficient Cars and Trucks: The Administration is building on recent investments in advanced vehicles, fuel, technologies, high speed rail, and public transit: Setting historic new fuel economy standards: Standards for model years 2012-16 will raise average fuel economy to 35.5 miles per gallon by 2016, and save 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the lifetime of the vehicles covered. In July, the Administration will also finalize the first-ever national fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards for commercial trucks, vans and buses built in 2014 - 2018. These standards will cut oil use and promote the development and deployment of alternative fuels, including natural gas. The Administration is also developing the next generation of fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards for passenger vehicles 2017-2025 and expects to announce the proposal in September 2011. Paving the way for advanced vehicles: The President has set an ambitious goal of putting 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015. To help us get there, the President’s FY 2012 Budget proposes a redesigned $7500 tax credit for consumers, competitive grants for communities that encourage the adoption of electric vehicles, and funding for RD to drive innovation in advanced battery technology. At the same time, the President is calling on Congress to move forward with policies that can help unlock the promise of natural gas vehicles. Leading by Example With the Federal Fleet. The Federal government operates more than 600,000 fleet vehicles. We have already doubled the number of hybrid vehicles in the federal fleet. Today, the President is calling for administrative action directing agencies to ensure that by 2015, all new vehicles they purchase will be alternative-fuel vehicles, including hybrid and electric vehicles. Innovating Our Way to a Clean Energy Future Charting a path towards cleaner sources of electricity and greater energy efficiency, and remaining on the cutting edge of clean energy technology. Creating Markets for Clean Energy: To move capital off of the sidelines and into the clean energy economy – creating jobs in the process – we need to give businesses and entrepreneurs a clear signal that there will be a market for clean energy innovation. That’s why the Administration is committed to pursuing a Clean Energy Standard (CES), an ambitious but achievable goal of generating 80 percent of the Nation’s electricity from clean energy sources by 2035 – including renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower; nuclear power; efficient natural gas; and clean coal. Cutting Energy Bills through More Efficient Homes and Buildings: Our homes, businesses and factories consume over 70 percent of the energy we use. By making smart investments in energy efficiency in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, we can improve U.S. competitiveness and protect our environment, while saving consumers money on electricity bills. That is why the Administration is on track to weatherize 600,000 low-income homes through Recovery Act investments, and why we remain committed to a series of policies that increase efficiency across sectors – including a HOMESTAR program to help homeowners finance retrofits, a “Better Buildings Initiative” to make commercial facilities 20 percent more efficient by 2020, and steps to promote industrial energy efficiency. Staying on the Cutting Edge through Clean Energy Research and Development: Through the Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) program, we have invested in over 100 cutting-edge projects in areas ranging from smart grid technology, to carbon capture, to battery technology for electric vehicles. Past Budgets funded three “Energy Innovation Hubs” that explore building efficiency, fuel from sunlight, and nuclear reactor modeling and simulation. The FY 2012 Budget request more than doubles funding for ARPA-E and doubles the number of Hubs to include new Hubs that will advance smart grid technology, critical materials research, as well as batteries and energy storage.
国会发表了本院寄给奥巴马的文件：《危害美国民主和经济的官僚阶层》 Yonghe Zhang American Huilin Institute, http://www.amhuilin.com/ A bureaucracy is hurting American democracy and economic http://www.congress.org/congressorg/bio/userletter/?letter_id=6458532436content_dir=politicsol 内容同下文： 极权官僚阶层正在美国诞生 http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=218420do=blogid=412754
1 月 25 日，美国总统奥巴马在国会发表其就任以来的第二份国情咨文。这是民主党中期选举失利以来奥巴马首次在国会发表重大政策演说，也是中期选举后其一系列战略调整的全面汇总。奥巴马在国情咨文中 9 次提到“赢得未来”，强调保持美国的长期竞争力。为此，他提出五大政策支柱：鼓励创新、改革教育体制、改善基础设施、减轻企业负担和削减财政赤字。 白宫新闻秘书办公室 1 月 25 日发布新闻简报，介绍奥巴马总统在国情咨文演说中阐述的振兴美国的计划。以下是简报全文，由美国国务部国际信息局（ IIP ）翻译。 白宫新闻秘书办公室 2011 年 1 月 25 日 国情咨文：奥巴马总统赢得未来的计划 奥巴马总统在他的国情咨文中谈到了在迅速变化的世界中保持美国领先地位的必要性，以确保我国经济的竞争力，确保经济不断增长并发挥作用，为全体美国人民造福。为了实现这一目标，他提出了一项计划，通过在创新、教育和建设方面超越全球竞争者来帮助美国赢得未来。同时，总统也懂得有必要改革政府的运作方式，管理我们的赤字 —— 投资于能使美国更强大的项目，同时削减无助于国家强大的支出。 -- 创新 ：总统提出对美国的创新进行新的投资。总统的预算将帮助把国家对研发的投资在国内生产总值中所占的份额增加到自肯尼迪总统以来的最高水平。他向美国科学工作者和工程技术人员提出了一项艰巨任务，开发领先于世界的新的清洁能源技术。为鼓励这些创新努力，总统提出，到 2035 年美国 80% 的电力应来自于风能、太阳能、核能、清洁煤和天然气等清洁能源。他还提出多项措施，以确保美国成为第一个拥有 100 万辆先进技术车辆的国家。 -- 教育 ：总统深知，为了赢得未来，我们必须赢得教育我们的下一代的竞赛。在 “ 力争上游 ” 计划（ Race to the Top ）所取得的成功的基础上，他呼吁国会重新界定和正确衡量联邦政府在教育方面的作用，以一项新的法律来取代《不让一个孩子掉队法》（ No Child Left Behind Act ），以提高期望值，挑战失败，奖励成功，并为学校创新和提高学生学习成效提供更大的灵活性。总统还誓言在这个十年结束前增加培养 10 万名科学、技术、工程和数学教师。为促进恢复美国高等教育在全球的领先地位，总统将继续努力加强佩尔奖学金项目（ Pell Grant program ），并要求国会将他制定的 “ 美国机会税款抵减 ” （ American opportunity Tax Credit ）政策永久化。根据这项政策，学生在四年大学期间的抵减总额可达一万美元。 -- 建设 ：总统要求作出新的努力，确保美国拥有输送人员、货物和信息的最快、最可靠的途径 —— 从道路和机场到高速铁路和高速互联网。他提出努力修复和重建美国的基础设施，并提出一项全国无线网络计划（ National Wireless Initiative ），帮助企业将新一代无线网络的覆盖范围扩及 98% 的人口。 -- 改革 ：总统正为达到 21 世纪的要求进行改革，力求政府机构更精简、 效率更高，同时排除障碍，制定新的鼓励经济增长的措施。总统已下令审议各项法规以为企业解除种种不必要的负担，同时确保使用合情合理的标准来保护美国人民。他还要求作出努力合并、整合和重组联邦机构，以使美国更具竞争力。总统强烈要求进行改革，进一步降低医保费用的增长速度，其中包括改革有关医疗责任的法规。为确保美国继续成为企业的最佳投资地，奥巴马总统要求改革我国的企业税制度，堵住漏洞，减低公司税率而不增加赤字。 -- 责任 ： 总统认识到，两党及国会两院必须为减少赤字同心协力。作为迈向这个目标的步骤之一，他呼吁将除安全、联邦医疗保险（ Medicare ）、医疗补助计划（ Medicaid ）和社会保障（ Social Security ）以外的开支冻结五年。这项冻结意味着大幅度削减预算，其中包括总统支持的项目，以便能够对本国经济所需的教育和研究作出投资。他呼吁两党一起努力加强社会保障金，确保后代人有钱可用，并希望两党及国会两院共同合作在一切适当之处削减开支，包括医疗保健开支、国防开支以及税法开支。 创新 从互联网到全球定位系统（ GPS ），富有才智的科学家和工程师在政府投资支持下实现的发明创造不但给美国带来良好的中产就业岗位，而且改造了世界。这就是为什么总统预算将有助于美国赢得未来 —— 将美国研发投资在国内生产总值（ GDP ）中所占的比例提高到自肯尼迪（ Kennedy ）总统发起太空竞赛以来的最高水平。奥巴马总统的创新议程如下： -- 通过结束纳税人对化石燃料的补贴，对支持清洁能源技术作出新承诺 ：总统预算提出 将清洁能源技术研发资金比 2010 年增加三分之一 ，包括扩大美国能源部先进能源研究项目局（ ARPA-E ）的成功的研究项目， 并使全国各地运作的能源创新中心（ Energy Innovation Hubs ）数目翻一番 。这些中心将使美国的科学家和工程师能够汇集各自领域的顶尖人才，着力解决清洁能源最棘手的问题。总统预算还将着重于清洁能源使用的高价值研究，包括把对能源效率的投资增加一倍以上，对可再生能源的投资增加 85% 以上。这些投资将支持 “ 一美元一瓦 ” （ $1 a Watt ）倡议，使太阳能价格具有竞争力；将增加对一天 24 小时可再生地热能源的资助；将提高工业效率，使美国制造业保持竞争力。为确保我们在不增加赤字的情况下作出这些投资，总统呼吁终止每年对石油、天然气和其他化石燃料生产商大约 40 亿美元的补贴。 -- 到 2015 年使 100 万辆先进技术车辆在美国上路 ： 2008 年，总统设定了到 2015 年让 100 万辆先进技术车辆在美国上路的远大目标 ── 这将使我们的石油消耗量到 2030 年减少 7.85 亿桶。虽然总统至今的努力已经使美国向该目标迈进，但是仍需更多努力才能使美国成为第一个让 100 万辆先进技术车辆上路的国家。为达到这一目标，奥巴马总统将在预算中提出一项新努力，通过增加对消费者的回馈、增加研发投资以及采用竞争性项目来鼓励社区投资建造电动车的基础设施，支持美国电动车的制造与采用。这将是对我们为减少对外国石油的依赖而正在采取的积极步骤的扩大发展 —— 这些步骤包括对轿车和卡车实行严格的燃油经济标准以及对生物燃料给予大量投资。 -- 到 2035 年使清洁能源发电所占比例翻一番： 通过制定 80% 的电力来自清洁能源的目标，总统提出了新的标准，这将有助于为从可再生能源到核能、从清洁煤到天然气的一系列能源领域开拓市场，释放出创新的能量。与新标准同步的还有可为美国家庭和企业节省开支的鼓励提高能效的各项新的努力 —— 包括一项新的刺激私人企业投资和改进办公室、商店、学校和其他市政建筑、大学和医院等商业建筑的举措。它还将进一步扩大美国国土资源部（ Department of the Interior ）的努力，让比历史上任何时候数量都多的再生能源项目在公共土地上安家。 教育 为保证美国继续成功，没有任何竞赛比赢得对我们孩子的教育更为重要。因此，奥巴马总统继续致力于为实现让每个学生达到高中毕业和作好上大学和就业准备这一目标而努力。总统力求让美国大学毕业生比例在十年后居于首位，重振美国的领导地位。为改造我国的教育体制，总统提出： -- 提高对美国教育改革的期望： 为了以 “ 力争上游 ” 项目的成功和改革作基础更上一层楼，总统保证将与国会共同努力，以跨党派方式取代 “ 不让任何一个孩子掉队 ” 的项目。本届政府的改革蓝图要求重新界定联邦政府在教育中的作用，提高对学校和学生的期望，并为州和学校领导者开辟空间，使他们成为取得更好成果的开路先锋。总统的预算将要求大胆调整联邦资金，将重点放在为所有学生作好上大学和就业准备这一新目标。 -- 培养 10 万名 STEM 新教师（ STEM 为 science, technology, engineering, and math 的缩写，即科学、技术、工程和数学 — 译注）： 奥巴马总统提议培养 10 万名科学、技术、工程和数学新教师 —— 这些代表着美国最佳职业所需的关键技能。总统的计划将扩大有潜力和有效力的教师培养模式，并培养全国优秀的 STEM 毕业生从事教学事业。 -- 扩大提高大学入学机会和毕业率 : 总统将继续努力加强佩尔助学金，推广可负担助学贷款，并振兴扩大美国的社区学院及其入学机会。此外，总统呼吁国会将为学生在大学四年享受高达一万美元免税额的 “ 美国机会税款抵减 ” （ American Opportunity Tax Credit ）政策永久化，这项税收优惠帮助数百万中产阶层家庭将收入重新投资于孩子的高等教育。 -- 改革移民法，停止驱逐人才： 总统请求国会与他共同努力，全面改革移民制度，进而停止驱逐有才能、有责任感的年轻人，无论他们是从小随父母来到美国，还是从其他国家来这里上大学和读高等学位。在我们努力重建经济之时，我国的蓬勃发展能力在部分程度上取决于我们恢复移民制度的责任能力与可靠性。 建设 奥巴马总统呼吁国家修复现有的基础设施，建设输送人员、货物和信息的新途径 —— 从高速列车到高速互联网 —— 创造中产工作机会，在全球经济中竞争，加强我们赢得未来的 能力。总统在基础设施方面加倍努力的计划包括： -- 修复道路、桥梁和公共运输设施 ：总统的预算将概述一个 6 年全面计划，利用我们的资源来修复破损的道路、桥梁和公共运输设施。其主要特点是先期投资， 既有利于现在创造成千上万的工作岗位 ，又打下造福于所有美国人的未来经济增长的基础。它还将包括改造型投资，如 基础设施银行 （ infrastructure bank) ，这将彻底改变基础设施的融资方法，通过吸引私人资本建设有全国和地区重要性的项目，充分利用政府资源。总统致力于确保这些基础设施项目获得全部资金，同时杜绝使特殊利益集团受益的专项拨款。 -- 扩展高速铁路 ：奥巴马总统提出为建设全国铁路网作出大量的先期投资，这样，在 25 年之内， 80% 的美国人可以方便地使用高速铁路系统，比开车减少一半的时间 。这种高速和城际客运铁路新系统将连接社区，减少旅行时间和拥堵，创造需要技术但不能外包的制造业工作岗位，推动美国下一代企业家的创新。 -- 推行一项国家无线计划，让 98% 的美国人能用上高速互联网 ：为了让包括农村社区在内的每一个美国人都进入数字时代，总统宣布，他将努力 帮助企业把下一代无线服务扩大到 98% 的美国人 。这个全国无线计划将有助于企业成长得更快，学生学得更多，治安人员能使用上最先进安全、覆盖全国的交互式移动通信系统。对治安人员来说，这可能是成败的关键，甚至是生死之别；因为这些技术能够让急救人员在事故现场获得建筑图纸，让警察即时互相发送照片。最后，该计划将为下一代的无线技术创造条件，使供移动宽带使用的无线频谱量几近增加一倍（通过有奖励拍卖和其他机制保证频谱使用得更有效），并在无线创新上对研发提供关键支持。 改革 总统致力于从事使政府更精简、 效率更高、 更开放、并与 21 世纪适应的各项改革。这些改革将在保护美国人民的健康、 安全和福祉的同时，通过消除障碍和创造刺激增长的机会使美国赢得未来。 -- 改革企业税法 ： 总统建议两党共同努力改革企业税法，以支持经济增长，加强竞争力，增加在美国国内的投资。数十年来，企业税法中充满惠及利益集团及腐蚀我国税基的种种抵税方法与漏洞，使我们不得不保留世界上最高的企业税率之一。这一制度正在对我国的经济竞争力与增长潜力造成伤害。 因此，奥巴马总统要求对企业税制实行根本改革，堵塞漏洞，并在无需增加一分一毫赤字的情况下用节省的税款促使 25 年来第一次降低企业税率的法案获得通过。 -- 批准有助于实现我国出口在 2014 年前翻一番目标的贸易协议 。奥巴马总统要求签署并批准信守向美国工人作出的保证并为美国创造就业机会的各项贸易协议，作为履行其 2014 年前出口翻一番承诺的重要内容。按照这一框架，他还呼吁国会批准最近签署的美韩自由贸易协议。此外，他呼吁把这一成功的贸易谈判模式推广至新的潜在贸易协议谈判 — — 从南美洲至亚太地区以及全球各地。他还将推动签署另外的出口协议，例如最近与印度和中国签署的贸易协议将会在美国增加 25 万个就业岗位。 -- 在《可负担医疗保健法》（ Affordable Care Act ）所包含的削减赤字措施基础上，采取额外措施减少医疗保健费用，其中包括有关医疗渎职的改革 ： 鉴于《可负担医疗保健法》规定的削减赤字措施，总统表示，他的《预算案》将包括降低医疗费用的进一步措施。作为这些努力的一部分， 总统承诺与共和党合作，支持各州对医疗渎职制度的改革，以降低费用，改善服务， 并充分利用联邦政府为医疗渎职改革进行方法评估而正在作出的努力。 -- 审查和取消繁琐的法规 ： 奥巴马总统已下令对现行法规进行审查，以确保达成一种平衡，即政府通过合理标准保障公众利益，同时又不使企业负担过重。 -- 重组联邦政府 ： 总统宣布，在未来数月中，他将请求国会授权，以合并、整合及重组联邦政府机构，增强美国的竞争力，这将是半个世纪以来第一次进行此类政府重组。 -- 恢复对政府的信任 ： 总统表示，他将坚持推行新措施，以恢复公众对政府的信任，其中包括为纳税人开设网站，让他们了解他们所缴纳的税金如何使用。总统重申他将否决所有立法中为特别利益集团提供的 “ 专项拨款 ” ，并促请国会公布所有来访者记录，使美国民众了解游说人士与民选官员的会面，并通过《披露法案》（ DISCLOSE act ）使美国民众了解特别利益集团何时资助政治竞选活动。 责任 总统明确表示，现在应该作出痛苦的抉择，减少财政赤字但不牺牲我们为赢得未来必须进行的投资 —— 这样做将需要两党和国会两院成员同心协力。作为这些努力的初始行动之一，总统在他的预算案中将： -- 提议冻结选择性开支 5 年 ：作为减少赤字的初始行动，总统要求冻结不涉及安全事务的选择性开支，为期 5 年。该项冻结措施将在今后 10 年减少 4000 多亿美元的赤字；将不涉及安全事务的选择性开支在经济中所占的比例降到自艾森豪威尔总统（ Eisenhower ）执政以来的最低点；该项冻结措施将要求大幅削减开支，包括总统本人支持的项目。在冻结范围以外的领域，我们也将设法削减开支，提高效率。例如，总统正在推出一个由国防部长盖茨（ Gates ）提出的 5 年计划，要求在防务领域节约额外的 780 亿美元。 -- 为未来的世世代代加强 “ 社会安全福利 ” （ Social Security ） ：总统保证与两党共同努力，保障未来世世代代的社会安全福利。他呼吁与国会两院合作，提出两党一致的解决办法，从而加强社会安全福利，并加强对最弱势群体的保护 —— 不使现已退休的人员或残障人士受到危害，不削减今后世代人的福利，也不让美国人有保障的退休收入受到股票市场的左右。 -- 不再延长对 2% 最富有美国人的减税措施 ：总统重申坚持自己的立场，强烈反对永久延长为 2% 最富有的美国人减税的做法。他相信，我们面临痛苦的抉择，必须为我们的未来投资并减少国家的财政赤字，我们必须终止对高收入阶层的减税措施，并把遗产税恢复到 2009 年的水平。 参见：美国国务部国际信息局 http://www.america.gov/mgck Mr. Speaker, Mr.Vice President, Members of Congress, distinguished guests, and fellowAmericans: 议长先生，副总统先生，各位议员，尊敬的客人们，以及所有美国人民： Tonight I wantto begin by congratulating the men and women of the 112th Congress, as wellas your new Speaker, John Boehner. And as we mark this occasion, we are alsomindful of the empty chair in this Chamber, and pray for the health of ourcolleague – and our friend – Gabby Giffords. 今晚，首先我想祝贺第 112 届国会的各位议员以及你们的新议长，约翰·博纳先生。在我们庆祝之时，我们依然记挂着会场里那把空着的座位，让我们一起为我们的同事和朋友嘉比·吉福兹的健康祈祷。 It ’ s no secretthat those of us here tonight have had our differences over the last twoyears. The debates have been contentious; we have fought fiercely for ourbeliefs. And that ’ s a good thing. That ’ s what a robust democracy demands.That ’ s what helps set us apart as a nation. 今晚我们聚集于此，两年来我们曾存在分歧，这并不是什么秘密。辩论是很激烈的。我们为了自己的信仰而激烈斗争。但这是件好事情。这是健全民主的正当诉求。这让我们区别于其他国家。 But there ’ s areason the tragedy in Tucson gave us pause. Amid all the noise and passionsand rancor of our public debate, Tucson reminded us that no matter who we areor where we come from, each of us is a part of something greater – somethingmore consequential than party or political preference. 但由于图森市的悲剧我们暂停了争吵。在我们嘈杂的，情绪化的，充满怨恨的公共辩论中，图森提醒我们无论我们是谁，我们来自哪里，我们每一个人都是更伟大的东西的一部分，这比政党或政治倾向性更加重要。 We are part ofthe American family. We believe that in a country where every race and faithand point of view can be found, we are still bound together as one people;that we share common hopes and a common creed; that the dreams of a littlegirl in Tucson are not so different than those of our own children, and thatthey all deserve the chance to be fulfilled. 我们是美国大家庭的一员。我们相信在这个国家，你可以发现各种种族，信仰以及观点，但我们依然是团结在一起的民族；我们分享着共同的希望和信条，图森小女孩的梦想与我们的孩子们的梦想并没有什么差别，他们都应该得到去实现梦想的机会。 That, too, iswhat sets us apart as a nation. 这也是我们区别于其他国家的地方。 Now, by itself,this simple recognition won ’ t usher in a new era of cooperation. What comesof this moment is up to us. What comes of this moment will be determined notby whether we can sit together tonight, but whether we can work togethertomorrow. 现在这种简单的认识本身并不能带领我们进入一个合作的新时代。随之而来的时刻有待我们去实现。随之而来的时刻并不是要确定今晚我们能否坐在一起，而是明天我们是否能携手合作。 I believe wecan. I believe we must. That ’ s what the people who sent us here expect of us.With their votes, they ’ ve determined that governing will now be a sharedresponsibility between parties. New laws will only pass with support fromDemocrats and Republicans. We will move forward together, or not at all – forthe challenges we face are bigger than party, and bigger than politics. 我相信我们可以做到。我也相信我们必定做到。这是人民选择我们且希望我们做到的。他们通过选票确信选出的政府将能平衡两党来承担共同的责任。新的法律只有获得民主党和共和党的共同支持才能获得通过。因为我们面临的挑战远大于政党抑或是政治，因此我们或者携手共同前进，或者什么也做不成。 At stake rightnow is not who wins the next election – after all, we just had an election.At stake is whether new jobs and industries take root in this country, orsomewhere else. It ’ s whether the hard work and industry of our people isrewarded. It ’ s whether we sustain the leadership that has made America notjust a place on a map, but a light to the world. 在现在这危急时刻，重要的不是谁赢得下届选举——毕竟这只是一场选举而已。重要的是能否新增就业，工业能否在这个国家扎根发展。这关系到我们的人民的辛勤劳动和付出能否得到回报。这关系到我们能否继续占据领导地位，不仅仅是让美国作为地图上的一个地标，更重要的是要光照世界。 We are poisedfor progress. Two years after the worst recession most of us have ever known,the stock market has come roaring back. Corporate profits are up. The economyis growing again. 我们正在稳步前进。众所周知，在两年最严重的衰退之后，我们的股票市场又重新繁荣。公司利润开始上升。经济再次增长。 But we havenever measured progress by these yardsticks alone. We measure progress by thesuccess of our people. By the jobs they can find and the quality of life thosejobs offer. By the prospects of a small business owner who dreams of turninga good idea into a thriving enterprise. By the opportunities for a betterlife that we pass on to our children. 但我们从不单靠这些标准来衡量我们的进步。而是通过人民的成功、通过他们找到的工作、以及这些工作为他们带来的高质量的生活来衡量。通过中小企业主将优秀的想法变成一个充满活力的企业来衡量。通过我们将更美好的生活的机会留给我们的孩子们来衡量。 That ’ s theproject the American people want us to work on. Together. 这是美国人民希望我们为之奋斗的工程。共同奋斗的工程。 We did that inDecember. Thanks to the tax cuts we passed, Americans ’ paychecks are a littlebigger today. Every business can write off the full cost of the newinvestments they make this year. These steps, taken by Democrats andRepublicans, will grow the economy and add to the more than one millionprivate sector jobs created last year. 去年 12 月，我们付诸了行动。由于我们通过了减税法案，今天美国人民的薪水单更丰厚了一点。各家企业都可以冲销掉今年采购新设备的所有成本。这些措施，由民主党人和共和党人共同完成，将促进经济增长并在私营部门比去年多创造 100 多万就业岗位。 But we have morework to do. The steps we ’ ve taken over the last two years may have broken theback of this recession – but to win the future, we ’ ll need to take onchallenges that have been decades in the making. 但我们依然有大量工作要做。两年多来我们采取的这些措施也许扭转了经济衰退——但要想赢得未来，我们就需要直面几十年来长期形成的各种挑战。 Many peoplewatching tonight can probably remember a time when finding a good job meantshowing up at a nearby factory or a business downtown. You didn ’ t always needa degree, and your competition was pretty much limited to your neighbors. Ifyou worked hard, chances are you ’ d have a job for life, with a decentpaycheck, good benefits, and the occasional promotion. Maybe you ’ d even havethe pride of seeing your kids work at the same company. 今天到场的许多人或许能记得，曾经找一份好工作意味着在附近的工厂或商业区抛头露面。你并不一定要有学位，你相对你邻居的竞争力也不甚明显。只要你努力工作，你就有机会获得终身岗位，拿着不错的薪水，优厚的福利，以及不时的升职。甚至有可能自豪的看着自己的孩子与自己在同一个公司工作。 That world haschanged. And for many, the change has been painful.I ’ ve seen it in the shuttered windows ofonce booming factories, and the vacant storefronts of once busy Main Streets.I ’ ve heard it in the frustrations of Americans who ’ ve seen their paychecksdwindle or their jobs disappear – proud men and women who feel like the ruleshave been changed in the middle of the game. 那样的世界已经改变了。对大多数人来说，得到机会要困难得多了。我眼见曾经兴隆的工厂关门，曾经繁忙的闹市空无一人。我也曾听见人民遭遇的挫折，工资逐渐减少，甚至失去了工作——曾经自豪的人们突然感到好像是在比赛过程中游戏规则改变了。 They ’ re right.The rules have changed. In a single generation, revolutions in technologyhave transformed the way we live, work and do business. Steel mills that onceneeded 1,000 workers can now do the same work with 100.Today, just about any company can set upshop, hire workers, and sell their products wherever there ’ s an internetconnection. 他们想对了。规则变了。一代人的时间，技术革新改变了我们生活，工作以及做生意的方式。曾经需要 1000 人的钢铁厂现在只需要 100 人就可以做同样的工作。今天，几乎任何公司都可以开店，雇用工人，并销售他们的产品，只要那里有互联网。 Meanwhile,nations like China and India realized that with some changes of their own,they could compete in this new world. And so they started educating theirchildren earlier and longer, with greater emphasis on math and science.They ’ re investing in research and new technologies. Just recently, Chinabecame home to the world ’ s largest private solar research facility, and theworld ’ s fastest computer. 同时， 中国以及印度等国家意识到，通过他们自身的一些改变，他们就可以参与这个新的世界的竞争 。因此他们开始更早、更长时间的 培养教育他们的儿童，更加注重数学和科学教育 。 在研究和新技术上进行投资 。就在最近， 中国拥有了世界上最大的私营太阳能研究设施，以及最快的计算机 。 So yes, theworld has changed. The competition for jobs is real. But this shouldn ’ tdiscourage us. It should challenge us. Remember – for all the hits we ’ vetaken these last few years, for all the naysayers predicting our decline,America still has the largest, most prosperous economy in the world. Noworkers are more productive than ours. No country has more successfulcompanies, or grants more patents to inventors and entrepreneurs. We are hometo the world ’ s best colleges and universities, where more students come tostudy than any other place on Earth. 是的，世界变了。就业的竞争是实际存在的。但这并不能吓到我们。只是对我们提出了挑战。面对这些年来我们所遭受的打击，面对那些预言我们步入衰退的唱空者，请记住——美国依然拥有世界上最强大，最繁荣的经济。没有任何国家的工人比我们更有生产效率。没有任何国家比我们拥有更多成功的企业，或颁布给发明者和企业家更多专利。我们拥有世界上最好的高校，来这里学习的学生比去地球上其他任何地方的都要多。 What ’ s more, weare the first nation to be founded for the sake of an idea – the idea thateach of us deserves the chance to shape our own destiny. That is whycenturies of pioneers and immigrants have risked everything to come here.It ’ s why our students don ’ t just memorizeequations, but answer questions like “ What do you think of that idea? Whatwould you change about the world? What do you want to be when you grow up? ” 更重要的是，我们是第一个为追求一个理想而建立的国家——那就是我们每个人都获得塑造自己命运的机会。这也是几个世纪以来，无数开拓者和移民突破重重困难来到这里的原因。也是我们的学生不仅能记住公式，更能回答诸如“你觉着这个想法怎么样？你会如何改变世界？你长大了想做什么？”这类问题的原因。 The future isours to win. But to get there, we can ’ t just stand still.As Robert Kennedy told us, “ The future isnot a gift. It is an achievement. ” Sustaining the American Dream has neverbeen about standing pat. It has required each generation to sacrifice, andstruggle, and meet the demands of a new age. 我们定将赢得未来。但要做到这些，我们不能光站着。罗伯特·肯尼迪告诉我们：“未来并不是给你的礼物，而是要去实现的目标。”坚持美国之梦并不是站着不动。它需要每一代人的牺牲，奋斗，以及达到一个新时代的要求。 Now it ’ s ourturn. We know what it takes to compete for the jobs and industries of ourtime. We need to out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of theworld. We have to make America the best place on Earth to do business. Weneed to take responsibility for our deficit, and reform our government.That ’ s how our people will prosper.That ’ s how we ’ ll win the future. And tonight, I ’ d like to talk abouthow we get there. 现在轮到我们了。我们知道，在我们的时代如何才能 在就业和工业竞争中获胜 。我们需要 出众的创新，出众的教育 ，我们要鹤立于世界其他国家之中。我们要将美国变成世界上最好的经商之地。我们需要负责任的对待我们的赤字，改革我们的政府。这样才能不辜负人民的期望。这样我们才能赢得未来。今晚，我就要向大家讲述我们如何做到这些。 The first step in winning the future isencouraging American innovation. 赢在未来，第一步就是要鼓励美国人民的创新。 None of us canpredict with certainty what the next big industry will be, or where the newjobs will come from. Thirty years ago, we couldn ’ t know that something calledthe Internet would lead to an economic revolution. What we can do – whatAmerica does better than anyone – is spark the creativity and imagination ofour people.We are the nation that putcars in driveways and computers in offices; the nation of Edison and theWright brothers; of Google and Facebook. In America, innovation doesn ’ t justchange our lives. It ’ s how we make a living. 我们没有人敢确定预言下一个大产业将是什么，或者新的就业岗位将来自何方。 30 年前，我们还不知道一个叫做互联网的东西能引领世界经济变革。我们所能作的——也是美国能比其他人做得好的——就是激发人们的创造力和想象力。我们是将汽车送入车道，让计算机走进办公室的民族；是产生爱迪生和怀特兄弟的民族；是产生 google 和 facebook 的民族。 在美国，创新不仅仅改变了我们的生活。更是我们生存的方式。 Our freeenterprise system is what drives innovation. But because it ’ s not alwaysprofitable for companies to invest in basic research, throughout history ourgovernment has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with thesupport that they need.That ’ s whatplanted the seeds for the Internet. That ’ s what helped make possible thingslike computer chips and GPS. 我们的自由企业系统是创新的推动力。但对于对公司来讲， 对基础研究并不都能产生利润，一直以来，政府为前沿的科学家和发明家提供他们必要的支持 。正是这些种下了 互联网 的种子。正是这些让 电脑芯片 和 GPS 成为可能。 Just think ofall the good jobs – from manufacturing to retail – that have come from thosebreakthroughs. 只要想想这些好东西——从生产到零售——都来自于这些突破。 Half a centuryago, when the Soviets beat us into space with the launch of a satellitecalled Sputnik ? we had no idea how we ’ d beat them to the moon. The sciencewasn ’ t there yet. NASA didn ’ t even exist.But after investing in better research and education, we didn ’ t justsurpass the Soviets; we unleashed a wave of innovation that created newindustries and millions of new jobs. 半个世纪前，当苏联发射了“ Sputnik 号”人造卫星 , 抢在我们前面进入了太空时，我们都还不知道如何才能在他们前面登上月球。科技还没还有发展到那种程度。 NASA 甚至都还没有成立。但 在对更深入的研究和教育进行投资后，我们不仅超越了苏联；我们甚至引导了一股创新的浪潮，创造出了新的产业和数百万新的工作岗位 。 This is ourgeneration ’ s Sputnik moment. Two years ago, I said that we needed to reach alevel of research and development we haven ’ t seen since the height of theSpace Race. In a few weeks, I will be sending a budget to Congress that helpsus meet that goal.We ’ ll invest inbiomedical research, information technology, and especially clean energytechnology – an investment that will strengthen our security, protect ourplanet, and create countless new jobs for our people. 现在是我们这代人的“ Sputnik 号”时刻了。两年前，我曾说我们需要达到一个自太空竞赛以来所未见的研究开发的高度。在未来几周，我将向国会提交一份预算，用以帮助我们实现这一目标。 我们将在 生物医学研究 ， 信息技术 ，以及尤其是 清洁能源技术 方面进行投资——清洁能源将增加我们的安全性，保护我们的星球，并为人民创造数不清的就业岗位 。 Already, we areseeing the promise of renewable energy. Robert and Gary Allen are brotherswho run a small Michigan roofing company. After September 11th, theyvolunteered their best roofers to help repair the Pentagon. But half of theirfactory went unused, and the recession hit them hard. 我们已经看见可再生能源的逐步实现。罗伯特和盖瑞·阿伦在密歇根州运营一家屋顶材料公司。 911 之后，他们曾志愿用最好的屋顶材料帮助修复五角大楼。但经济危机严重的打击了他们，半数的工厂都废弃了。 Today, with thehelp of a government loan, that empty space is being used to manufacturesolar shingles that are being sold all across the country. In Robert ’ s words, “ We reinvented ourselves. ” 今天，利用政府贷款的帮助，空置的厂房开始用以生产太阳能板，并行销全国各地。用罗伯特自己的话说：“我们重塑了自我。” That ’ s whatAmericans have done for over two hundred years: reinvented ourselves. And tospur on more success stories like the Allen Brothers, we ’ ve begun to reinventour energy policy. We ’ re not just handing out money. We ’ re issuing achallenge.We ’ re telling America ’ sscientists and engineers that if they assemble teams of the best minds intheir fields, and focus on the hardest problems in clean energy, we ’ ll fundthe Apollo Projects of our time. 这就是美国人 200 多年来一直做的事情：重塑自我。为了刺激产生更多向阿伦兄弟一样成功的事迹，我们开始改造我们的能源政策。我们不仅仅分发资金。我们还发布一项挑战。我们通告美国的科学家和工程师们， 如果他们集合该领域的最优秀的力量，专注于解决清洁能源领域的最艰难的问题，我们将成立我们这个时代的阿波罗计划 。 At theCalifornia Institute of Technology, they ’ re developing a way to turn sunlightand water into fuel for our cars. At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, they ’ reusing supercomputers to get a lot more power out of our nuclearfacilities.With more research andincentives, we can break our dependence on oil with biofuels, and become thefirst country to have 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015. 在加州理工学院，人们正在研究一种将阳光和水转化成汽车燃料的方法。在橡树岭国家实验室，人们正在利用超级计算机从核设施中获取更多能量。有了更多的研究和激励，我们就能摆脱对化石燃料的依赖，并成为到 2015 年第一个拥有 100 万辆电动汽车的国家。 We need to getbehind this innovation. And to help pay for it, I ’ m asking Congress toeliminate the billions in taxpayer dollars we currently give to oilcompanies. I don ’ t know if you ’ ve noticed, but they ’ re doing just fine ontheir own. So instead of subsidizing yesterday ’ s energy, let ’ s invest intomorrow ’ s. 我们需要支持这种创新 . 为了资助这种创新 , 我正在请求国会削减目前为石油公司提供的数十亿美元的税金支持。我不知道你们注意到没有，但他们的确做的不错。因此，与其资助常规能源，不如在未来的能源上进行投资。 Now, cleanenergy breakthroughs will only translate into clean energy jobs if businessesknow there will be a market for what they ’ re selling. So tonight, I challengeyou to join me in setting a new goal: by 2035, 80% of America ’ s electricitywill come from clean energy sources. Some folks want wind and solar. Otherswant nuclear, clean coal, and natural gas. To meet this goal, we will needthem all – and I urge Democrats and Republicans to work together to make ithappen. 现在，清洁能源的突破性进展当且仅当企业认为他们所销售的产品有市场的时候才能转化为能源领域的就业。因此，今晚，我邀请大家与我一起订下一个新的目标： 到 2035 年，美国 80% 的电力将来自于清洁能源。有的需要风能和太阳能，有的则需要核能，洁净煤以及天然气 。为了实现这一目标，这些我们都需要——我也力劝民主党人和共和党人齐心协力共同完成这一目标。 Maintaining our leadership in research andtechnology is crucial to America ’ s success. But if we want to win the future – if we want innovation to produce jobs in America and not overseas – then wealso have to win the race to educate our kids. 保持我们在研究和技术领域的领先地位对美国的成功至关重要。但如果我们想要赢在未来——如果我们希望创新所带来的就业留在国内而不是流失海外——我们还需要赢得在孩子教育上的竞赛。 Think about it.Over the next ten years, nearly half of all new jobs will require educationthat goes beyond a high school degree. And yet, as many as a quarter of ourstudents aren ’ t even finishing high school. The quality of our math andscience education lags behind many other nations.America has fallen to 9th in the proportionof young people with a college degree. And so the question is whether all ofus – as citizens, and as parents – are willing to do what ’ s necessary to giveevery child a chance to succeed. 考虑一下吧。再过十年，将会有近一半的新工作岗位需要不止高中毕业水平的受教育经历。而现在， 我们仍有 1/4 的学生无法完成高中学业。我们在数学和科学上的教育远落后于其他许多国家 。我们拥有大学学历的年轻人比例已经落到了世界第九。因此问题就是我们大家——作为公民，作为父母——是否希望竭尽所能为每个孩子提供一个获得成功的机会。 Thatresponsibility begins not in our classrooms, but in our homes andcommunities. It ’ s family that first instills the love of learning in a child.Only parents can make sure the TV is turned off and homework gets done.We need to teach our kids that it ’ s notjust the winner of the Super Bowl who deserves to be celebrated, but thewinner of the science fair; that success is not a function of fame or PR, butof hard work and discipline. 这种责任不仅仅是从课堂才开始，而是从我们的家庭和社区开始的。家庭是培养孩子热爱学习的第一场所。只有父母能够确保关掉家里的电视让孩子完成家庭作业。我们需要教会我们的孩子们，不仅仅是超级杯的获胜者才应获得推崇，科技博览会的获胜者同样应该受到推崇；成功并不仅仅意味着出名或受公众关注，而是意味着努力付出和遵守纪律。 Our schoolsshare this responsibility. When a child walks into a classroom, it should bea place of high expectations and high performance. But too many schools don ’ tmeet this test. That ’ s why instead of just pouring money into a system that ’ snot working, we launched a competition called Race to the Top.To all fifty states, we said, “ If you showus the most innovative plans to improve teacher quality and studentachievement, we ’ ll show you the money. ” 我们的学校都应分担这一责任。当孩子走进教室，就应是走进了一个充满期望和高度有效的地方。但有太多学校未能达到这一要求。我们启动了一项称之为“高端竞争”的竞争计划而不是简单的将钱投入到这一不见成效的系统中去，其原因就在于此。对 50 个州而言，我们想说：“如果你能为我们展示可以提高教师质量和学生成绩的最有效的创新计划，那么我们就给你钱。” Race to the Topis the most meaningful reform of our public schools in a generation. For lessthan one percent of what we spend on education each year, it has led over 40states to raise their standards for teaching and learning. These standardswere developed, not by Washington, but by Republican and Democratic governorsthroughout the country.And Race to theTop should be the approach we follow this year as we replace No Child LeftBehind with a law that is more flexible and focused on what ’ s best for ourkids. “高端竞争”对这一代人而言是最有意义的公立学校改革计划。我们只用了每年在教育上支出的不到 1% 的资金，就让 40 多个州的学校提高了教学标准。这些标准的提出，并不来自于华盛顿，而是来自于全国各地的各位民主党或共和党州长。 “高端竞争”计划将在今年继续实施并通过立法逐步取代“不让一个孩子失学”计划 ，前者更具可行性，而且更关注为孩子们提供最好的教育。 You see, we knowwhat ’ s possible for our children when reform isn ’ t just a top-down mandate,but the work of local teachers and principals; school boards and communities. 我们都知道，这些为了孩子的一切并不仅仅是一项自上而下的任务，而是各个学校的老师们，校长们，学校董事会以及社区的工作内容。 Take a schoollike Bruce Randolph in Denver. Three years ago, it wasrated one of the worst schools in Colorado; located on turf between two rivalgangs. But last May, 97% of the seniors received their diploma. Most will bethe first in their family to go to college. And after the first year of theschool ’ s transformation, the principal who made it possible wiped away tearswhen a student said “ Thank you, Mrs. Waters, for showing … that we are smartand we can make it. ” 以丹佛的布鲁斯伦道夫高中为例。三年前，它还是科罗拉多州排名最差的学校之一；位于两大敌对帮派的地盘之间。但到去年 5 月， 97% 的毕业班学生获得了毕业证书。他们中的大多数都是其家庭第一个上大学的成员。在这所学校转型后的第一年，让这一切成为可能的校长，擦干眼泪，听学生向她表示感谢：“谢谢您，沃特校长，我们向大家证明，……我们是聪明的，我们可以做得到。” Let ’ s alsoremember that after parents, the biggest impact on a child ’ s success comesfrom the man or woman at the front of the classroom. In South Korea, teachersare known as “ nation builders. ” Here in America, it ’ s time we treated thepeople who educate our children with the same level of respect. We want to rewardgood teachers and stop making excuses for bad ones.And over the next ten years, with so manyBaby Boomers retiring from our classrooms, we want to prepare 100,000 newteachers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math. 让我们牢记，除了父母，对孩子的成功影响最大的就是站在教室最前面的那个男人或女人。在韩国，教师被称之为“国家建设者”。现在，在美国，是时候让我们也以同样的方式尊重教育我们孩子的人们了。我们需要奖励优秀的教师，但也不为差的寻找借口。再过 10 年，大量的婴儿潮时期的教师将从教室退休回家， 我们需要为此在科学，技术，工程以及数学领域补充 10 万多名新的教师 。 In fact, toevery young person listening tonight who ’ s contemplating their career choice:If you want to make a difference in the life of our nation; if you want tomake a difference in the life of a child – become a teacher. Your countryneeds you. 实际上，今晚正在收看我的演讲的各位年轻人，如果你正在筹划你的职业生涯：如果你希望你的一生对国家带来一些不同；如果你希望为某个孩子的一生带去一些改变——去当教师吧。你们的国家需要你们。 Of course, theeducation race doesn ’ t end with a high school diploma. To compete, highereducation must be within reach of every American. That ’ s why we ’ ve ended theunwarranted taxpayer subsidies that went to banks, and used the savings tomake college affordable for millions of students.And this year, I ask Congress to gofurther, and make permanent our tuition tax credit – worth $10,000 for fouryears of college. 当然，教育的竞赛并不随着高中的毕业而终止。为了竞争，每个美国人必须接受高等教育。我们终止了提供给银行的不必要的税收补贴，将节省下来的钱用以支持数百万大学生，原因就在于此。今年，我希望国会能更进一步，将我们的学费税收抵免永久性固定下来——对 4 年大学而言将达到 1 万美元。 Because peopleneed to be able to train for new jobs and careers in today ’ s fast-changingeconomy, we are also revitalizing America ’ s community colleges. Last month, Isaw the promise of these schools at Forsyth Tech in North Carolina. Many ofthe students there used to work in the surrounding factories that have sinceleft town. One mother of two, a woman named Kathy Proctor, had worked in thefurniture industry since she was 18 years old.And she told me she ’ s earning her degree inbiotechnology now, at 55 years old, not just because the furniture jobs aregone, but because she wants to inspire her children to pursue their dreamstoo. As Kathy said, “ I hope it tells them to never give up. ” 为了适应现今快速变化的经济环境，人民还需要为新的岗位和职业进行培训，我们也 重启了美国社区大学计划 。上个月，从北卡莱罗纳的福赛技术学院我看到了这一承诺的实现。那里的大多数学生自从他们离开家乡就一直在附近的工厂里工作。一位叫凯西·普罗克托的妇女，是两个孩子的母亲，她从 18 岁开始就在家具行业工作。她告诉我，她现在正在攻读生物技术学位，以 55 岁的年纪，并不是因为她失去了家具行业的工作，而是因为她想以此激励她的孩子们也去追求他们的梦想。就如同凯西所说：“我希望告诉他们永远都不要放弃。” If we take thesesteps – if we raise expectations for every child, and give them the bestpossible chance at an education, from the day they ’ re born until the last jobthey take – we will reach the goal I set two years ago: by the end of thedecade, America will once again have the highest proportion of collegegraduates in the world. 如果我们采取了这些措施——如果我们提高对每个孩子的期望，并为他们提供可能得到最好的教育的机会，从他们出生到最后一份工作——我们将能达到两年前我所定下的目标：十年后，美国将再一次拥有全世界最高的大学毕业生的比例。 One last pointabout education. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of students excellingin our schools who are not American citizens. Some are the children ofundocumented workers, who had nothing to do with the actions of theirparents. They grew up as Americans and pledge allegiance to our flag, and yetlive every day with the threat of deportation. Others come here from abroadto study in our colleges and universities. But as soon as they obtainadvanced degrees, we send them back home to compete against us. It makes nosense. 关于教育的最后一点。今天，在我们的学校里，有数十万优秀的学生并不是美国公民。有些是无证劳工（非法移民）的子女，如果跟着他们的父母他们什么也做不了。他们在美国长大，同样对着我们的国旗宣誓，但每天却要面对被驱逐出境的威胁。 还有一些是到我们的高校留学的海外学生。但当他们获得高等学位之后，我们就将他们送回家来与我们竞争。这很不合适 。 Now, I stronglybelieve that we should take on, once and for all, the issue of illegalimmigration. I am prepared to work with Republicans and Democrats to protectour borders, enforce our laws and address the millions of undocumentedworkers who are now living in the shadows. I know that debate will bedifficult and take time. But tonight, let ’ s agree to make that effort. Andlet ’ s stop expelling talented, responsible young people who can staff ourresearch labs, start new businesses, and further enrich this nation. 现在，我坚信我们需要永久性的解决非法移民的问题。我准备与共和党和民主党一起保卫我们的边境，严格执法，解决数百万非法劳工问题，让他们从阴影下的生活中脱离出来。我知道这场辩论将是困难而持久的。但今晚，让我们一起确定为此而付出。让我停止将这些聪明的，富有责任心的年轻人驱逐出境，他们可以去研究实验室工作，开办新的公司，并让我们的国家更加富足。 The third step in winning the future isrebuilding America. To attract new businesses to our shores, we need thefastest, most reliable ways to move people, goods, and information – fromhigh-speed rail to high-speed internet. 赢在未来的第三个措施就是重建美国。为了吸引新的企业来美，我们需要更快，更可靠的运送人员、物资、以及信息的高速铁路和高速互联网。 Ourinfrastructure used to be the best – but our lead has slipped. South Koreanhomes now have greater internet access than we do. Countries in Europe andRussia invest more in their roads and railways than we do. China is buildingfaster trains and newer airports.Meanwhile, when our own engineers graded our nation ’ s infrastructure,they gave us a “ D. ” 我们的基础设施曾经是最好的——但现在失去了领先优势。 韩国家庭现在的互联网接入速度比我们快。欧洲的许多国家和俄罗斯在公路和铁路上的投资都比我们大 。中国正在建设更快的铁路和更新的机场。同时，我们自己的工程师在为我们的国家基础设施评级时，他们给出的是： D （第四等）。 We have to dobetter. America is the nation that built the transcontinental railroad,brought electricity to rural communities, and constructed the interstatehighway system. The jobs created by these projects didn ’ t just come fromlaying down tracks or pavement. They came from businesses that opened near atown ’ s new train station or the new off-ramp. 我们要做的更好。美国是建造了横贯大陆铁路的国家，我们将电带入了农村，建造了跨州的公路系统。这些项目创造的就业不仅仅来自铁轨或步道板的铺设。更来自于城镇新火车站附近或路边开张的各种店铺和企业。 Over the lasttwo years, we have begun rebuilding for the 21st century, a project that hasmeant thousands of good jobs for the hard-hit construction industry. Tonight,I ’ m proposing that we redouble these efforts. 过去两年里，我们已经开始为 21 世纪重建基础设施，这一项目将意味着为遭受重创的制造业领域带来无数好的工作岗位。今晚，我提议我们加倍推进这一项目。 We will put moreAmericans to work repairing crumbling roads and bridges. We will make surethis is fully paid for, attract private investment, and pick projects basedon what ’ s best for the economy, not politicians. 我们将用更多的人去修补受损的公路和桥梁。我们将确保这些项目吸引并完全回报私人投资，项目挑选也将基于有利经济原则，而不是基于政治因素。 Within 25 years,our goal is to give 80% of Americans access to high-speed rail, which couldallow you go places in half the time it takes to travel by car. For sometrips, it will be faster than flying – without the pat-down. As we speak,routes in California and the Midwest are already underway. 在未来 25 年，我们的目标是让 80% 的美国民众能乘坐高速铁路，这将比你采用汽车旅行节省一半的时间。对有的旅程而言， 甚至比坐飞机还快——而且不用搜身安检 。就在我演讲的此刻，加里福利亚和中西部的线路建设正在进行当中。 Within the nextfive years, we will make it possible for business to deploy the nextgeneration of high-speed wireless coverage to 98% of all Americans. Thisisn ’ t just about a faster internet and fewer dropped calls. It ’ s aboutconnecting every part of America to the digital age.It ’ s about a rural community in Iowa orAlabama where farmers and small business owners will be able to sell theirproducts all over the world. It ’ s about a firefighter who can download thedesign of a burning building onto a handheld device; a student who can takeclasses with a digital textbook; or a patient who can have face-to-face videochats with her doctor. 未来 5 年，我们将让企业部署 下一代高速无线网络并覆盖全美 98% 的地区 。这不仅仅是更快的互联网或更少的掉线。而是将美国各地连接起来进入数字时代。也意味着远在爱荷华州或阿拉巴马州的边远农村的农民和小企业主可以将他们的产品卖到世界各地。也意味着消防员可以将失火建筑的设计图纸下载到手持设备中；学生可以通过数字化教科书上课；病人可以通过视频对话同医生进行面对面的交流。 All these investments – in innovation,education, and infrastructure – will make America a better place to dobusiness and create jobs.But to helpour companies compete, we also have to knock down barriers that stand in the wayof their success. 所有这些投资——创新领域、教育领域和基础建设领域——将使美国成为更好的经商和创造就业的地方。但未来要让我们的企业更具竞争力，我们依然需要打破挡在他们前往成功道路上的藩篱。 Over the years,a parade of lobbyists has rigged the tax code to benefit particular companiesand industries. Those with accountants or lawyers to work the system can endup paying no taxes at all. But all the rest are hit with one of the highestcorporate tax rates in the world. It makes no sense, and it has to change. 数年来，一支强大的游说队伍一直操纵税法来为一些特殊公司和行业谋求利益。有了这些会计师或律师们的协助，这一系统可以逃避所有应该缴纳的税款。但其他的却要承受世界上最高的企业税税率。这不合理，我们必须纠正。 So tonight, I ’ masking Democrats and Republicans to simplify the system. Get rid of theloopholes. Level the playing field. And use the savings to lower thecorporate tax rate for the first time in 25 years – without adding to ourdeficit. 因此，今晚，我请求民主党和共和党将这个系统简化。封堵漏洞。创造一个公平的竞争平台。并利用节省的钱降低企业税税率，这将是 25 年来的头一次，并且不用增加我们的赤字。 To helpbusinesses sell more products abroad, we set a goal of doubling our exportsby 2014 – because the more we export, the more jobs we create at home.Already, our exports are up. Recently, we signed agreements with India andChina that will support more than 250,000 jobs in the United States.And last month, we finalized a tradeagreement with South Korea that will support at least 70,000 American jobs.This agreement has unprecedented support from business and labor; Democratsand Republicans, and I ask this Congress to pass it as soon as possible. 为了帮助企业将产品更多卖往海外，我们设立了一个目标， 到 2014 年我们的出口要翻一番 ——因为我们出口越多，在国内就能创造更多的工作岗位。我们的出口已经开始上升。最近， 我们与印度和中国签署了一些协议，这将为美国带来 25 万多个工作岗位 。上个月，我们与韩国商定了贸易协定，这将为美国带来至少 7 万个工作岗位。这项协定将为我们的企业和劳动者带来空前的帮助，我提请国会尽快通过。 Before I tookoffice, I made it clear that we would enforce our trade agreements, and thatI would only sign deals that keep faith with American workers, and promoteAmerican jobs.That ’ s what we did withKorea, and that ’ s what I intend to do as we pursue agreements with Panama andColombia, and continue our Asia Pacific and global trade talks. 在我上台之前，我就明确表示我们将实施我们的贸易协定，我将且仅将以忠于美国劳动者，推动美国就业的信念去签署协议。我们与韩国的协定就是如此，在与巴拿马和哥伦比亚的协定过程中我们也打算这么做，还包括将来的亚太地区以及全球的贸易谈判。 To reducebarriers to growth and investment, I ’ ve ordered a review of governmentregulations. When we find rules that put an unnecessary burden on businesses,we will fix them. But I will not hesitate to create or enforce commonsensesafeguards to protect the American people.That ’ s what we ’ ve done in this country for more than a century. It ’ swhy our food is safe to eat, our water is safe to drink, and our air is safeto breathe. It ’ s why we have speed limits and child labor laws.It ’ s why last year, we put in placeconsumer protections against hidden fees and penalties by credit cardcompanies, and new rules to prevent another financial crisis. And it ’ s why wepassed reform that finally prevents the health insurance industry fromexploiting patients. 为了减少促进经济增长和投资的障碍，我已下令审查政府的各项规定。一旦我们发现有给企业增加不必要的负担的条款，我们将进行修正。但在创造和保护美国民众的常规性保障措施方面我绝不犹豫。这也是一个多世纪以来我们一直在做的事情。 我们的食品可以放心的吃，我们的水可以放心的喝，我们的空气可以放心的呼吸 ，原因就在于此。我们有车速限制法和童工保护法，原因也在于此。去年，我们实施了消费者保护措施保护消费者免受信用卡公司隐性费用和罚金的侵害，以及制定新的规定避免下场金融危机，原因亦在于此。我们通过了医保改革法，最终避免了医保行业剥夺病人的权益，原因都在于此。 Now, I ’ ve heardrumors that a few of you have some concerns about the new health care law. Solet me be the first to say that anything can be improved. If you have ideasabout how to improve this law by making care better or more affordable, I ameager to work with you. We can start right now by correcting a flaw in thelegislation that has placed an unnecessary bookkeeping burden on smallbusinesses. 现在，我听见有传言说有些人对新的医保法有些关切。因此我要首先站出来告诉大家，任何事务都可以改进。如果你有好的想法来改进这部法律，让医疗保险更好，更可担负得起，我十分渴望与你合作。我们可以马上开始，去纠正这部法律中的缺陷，它可能给中小企业带来了不必要的经济负担。 What I ’ m notwilling to do is go back to the days when insurance companies could denysomeone coverage because of a pre-existing condition.I ’ m not willing to tell James Howard, abrain cancer patient from Texas, that his treatment might not be covered. I ’ mnot willing to tell Jim Houser, a small business owner from Oregon, that hehas to go back to paying $5,000 more to cover his employees.As we speak, this law is makingprescription drugs cheaper for seniors and giving uninsured students a chanceto stay on their parents ’ coverage. So instead of re-fighting the battles ofthe last two years, let ’ s fix what needs fixing and move forward. 但如果是要回到保险公司因投保人有既往病史而拒绝为其提供医保的时代，我是不会同意的。我不想告诉詹姆斯·霍华德，一位来自德克萨斯的脑癌患者，他的治疗费用不能由医保负担。我不想告诉吉姆·豪泽，来自俄勒冈州的小企业主，他将重返需要为他的员工缴纳 5000 美元的保险金的时代。在我讲话的时刻，这部法律已经让老人的处方药更便宜了，让未参加保险的学生可以继续使用其父母的保险。所以，与其重回两年前我们为此而重新斗争，不如我们对需要修正的地方进行修正，继续前行。 Now, the final step – a critical step – inwinning the future is to make sure we aren ’ t buried under a mountain of debt. 现在，最后的措施——也是最关键的——要赢在未来，我们要确保我们不被如山的债务压在底下。 We are livingwith a legacy of deficit-spending that began almost a decade ago. And in thewake of the financial crisis, some of that was necessary to keep creditflowing, save jobs, and put money in people ’ s pockets. 我们生活在开始于数十年前的赤字开支的福荫之下。随着金融危机的到来，为保持信用流动有些是必要的，保留就业，增加民众口袋的收入。 But now that theworst of the recession is over, we have to confront the fact that ourgovernment spends more than it takes in. That is not sustainable.Every day, families sacrifice to livewithin their means. They deserve a government that does the same. 但现在，衰退最艰难的时期已经过去，我们需要面对政府支出比执政之初增长的事实。这是不可持续的。每一天，那么多家庭想尽办法做出牺牲，节约生活。他们理应有一个同样这么做的政府。 So tonight, I amproposing that starting this year, we freeze annual domestic spending for thenext five years. This would reduce the deficit by more than $400 billion overthe next decade, and will bring discretionary spending to the lowest share ofour economy since Dwight Eisenhower was president. 因此，今晚，我提议从今年开始，我们冻结未来五年的年度国内支出。这将使我们的赤字在未来十年内降低 4000 亿，并将可自由支配的开支在美国经济中所占比例削减至自德怀特·艾森豪威尔总统以来的最低水平。 This freeze willrequire painful cuts. Already, we have frozen the salaries of hardworkingfederal employees for the next two years.I ’ ve proposed cuts to things I care deeply about, like communityaction programs. The Secretary of Defense has also agreed to cut tens ofbillions of dollars in spending that he and his generals believe our militarycan do without. 这项冻结计划需要一些痛苦的开支削减，我们已经冻结了勤劳工作的联邦雇员未来两年的薪水。我也提议削减了很多我本人深切关注的事情，例如社区行动计划。国防部长也同意削减数百亿美元的支出，他与他的将军们都相信我们的军队即便少了这点钱也能做的很好。 I recognize thatsome in this Chamber have already proposed deeper cuts, and I ’ m willing toeliminate whatever we can honestly afford to do without. But let ’ s make surethat we ’ re not doing it on the backs of our most vulnerable citizens.And let ’ s make sure what we ’ re cutting isreally excess weight. Cutting the deficit by gutting our investments ininnovation and education is like lightening an overloaded airplane by removingits engine. It may feel like you ’ re flying high at first, but it won ’ t takelong before you ’ ll feel the impact. 我知道会场里还有部分人已经提议进行更深入的削减计划，我也愿意本着诚实的态度削减一切我们能担负得起的不必要的支出。但我们需要确保我们所做的这些不会伤及脆弱的民众。我们需要确保我们削减的是真正超重的部分。通过抽减在创新和教育上的投资的方式来削减赤字就如同为超载的飞机减负却卸下了引擎一样。也许一开始我们能飞得很高，但一旦遇到冲击，这是不能持续的。 Now, most of thecuts and savings I ’ ve proposed only address annual domestic spending, whichrepresents a little more than 12% of our budget. To make further progress, wehave to stop pretending that cutting this kind of spending alone will beenough. It won ’ t. 现在，我提出的大多削减和节省计划还只是涉及年度国内支出，大约占我们总预算的 12% 多一点。为了取得进一步的进展，我们不能只是削减这一类支出来做做样子。这远远不够。 The bipartisanFiscal Commission I created last year made this crystal clear. I don ’ t agreewith all their proposals, but they made important progress. And their conclusionis that the only way to tackle our deficit is to cut excessive spendingwherever we find it – in domestic spending, defense spending, health carespending, and spending through tax breaks and loopholes. 我去年在成立两党联合财政委员会的时候表述的十分清楚。我并不完全同意他们的提案，但他们确实取得了重大进展。而且他们的结论就是，无论我们承认与否，削减赤字的唯一途径就是削减过度的支出——包括国内支出，国防支出，医保支出，以及减税和堵住税收漏洞的支出。 This meansfurther reducing health care costs, including programs like Medicare andMedicaid, which are the single biggest contributor to our long-termdeficit.Health insurance reform willslow these rising costs, which is part of why nonpartisan economists havesaid that repealing the health care law would add a quarter of a trilliondollars to our deficit. Still, I ’ m willing to look at other ideas to bringdown costs, including one that Republicans suggested last year: medicalmalpractice reform to rein in frivolous lawsuits. 这也意味着进一步降低医疗保险成本，包括医疗保险和医疗补助计划，这是我们长期赤字的单一最大份额。医疗保险改革将延缓这些成本的上升，无党派经济学家曾说如果废除了医保法，我们将增加 2500 亿美元的赤字。当然，我希望能寻求到其他方法降低成本，包括共和党去年提出的：通过医疗事故改革来控制日益泛滥的诉讼。 To put us onsolid ground, we should also find a bipartisan solution to strengthen SocialSecurity for future generations.Andwe must do it without putting at risk current retirees, the most vulnerable,or people with disabilities; without slashing benefits for futuregenerations; and without subjecting Americans ’ guaranteed retirement incometo the whims of the stock market. 为了打下一个良好的基础，我们需要寻求一个两党合作的途径来为未来的子孙巩固社会保险。但我们必须在不危及当前退休人员、弱势群体以及残疾人的前提下来做；也不能将美国退休人员保障性收入突发奇想的投入股票市场。 And if we trulycare about our deficit, we simply cannot afford a permanent extension of thetax cuts for the wealthiest 2% of Americans. Before we take money away fromour schools, or scholarships away from our students, we should askmillionaires to give up their tax break. 如果我们是真心关心赤字问题，我们就绝不能承受将对 2% 的最富有的美国人的减税政策永久性延期的政策。在我们挪走学校的钱，学生的奖学金之前，我们应该要求富翁们放弃他们的税收优惠政策。 It ’ s not amatter of punishing their success. It ’ s about promoting America ’ s success. 这并不是要对他们的成功进行处罚。而是为了推动美国的成功。 In fact, thebest thing we could do on taxes for all Americans is to simplify theindividual tax code. This will be a tough job, but members of both partieshave expressed interest in doing this, and I am prepared to join them. 其实，在税收上，我们能做的最好的事情就是简化个人所得税税法。这将是个艰难的任务，但两党的议员都已表达了做这件事情的兴趣，我也随时准备加入他们当中。 So now is thetime to act. Now is the time for both sides and both houses of Congress – Democrats and Republicans – to forge a principled compromise that gets thejob done.If we make the hard choicesnow to rein in our deficits, we can make the investments we need to win thefuture. 因此，是动手的时候了。现在是两党以及众参两院行动的时候了——民主党人和共和党人——一起协调形成原则上的折衷把工作做下去。如果我们现在痛下决心控制赤字，我们就可以对我们需要地方投资并赢得未来。 Let me take thisone step further. We shouldn ’ t just give our people a government that ’ s moreaffordable. We should give them a government that ’ s more competent andefficient. We cannot win the future with a government of the past. 我再深入说说这一点。我们不仅仅要给民众一个更加担负的起的政府。我们更应该给他们一个更有能力更有效率的政府。我们不可能以过去的那种政府去赢得未来。 We live and dobusiness in the information age, but the last major reorganization of thegovernment happened in the age of black and white TV.There are twelve different agencies thatdeal with exports. There are at least five different entities that deal withhousing policy. Then there ’ s my favorite example: the Interior Department isin charge of salmon while they ’ re in fresh water, but the Commerce Departmenthandles them in when they ’ re in saltwater. And I hear it gets even morecomplicated once they ’ re smoked. 我们在信息时代生活和做事情，但上一次的政府重大重组还要追溯到黑白电视机的时代。当时有 12 个不同的部门管理出口。而且至少有 5 个不同的实体处理住房政策。有个例子我非常喜欢：当大马哈鱼在淡水里的时候它归内政部管，但当它游到海水里后就归商务部管了。因此我听说当它们被熏完之后事情就变得异常复杂了。 Now, we havemade great strides over the last two years in using technology and gettingrid of waste. Veterans can now download their electronic medical records witha click of the mouse.We ’ re sellingacres of federal office space that hasn ’ t been used in years, and we will cutthrough red tape to get rid of more. But we need to think bigger.In the coming months, my administrationwill develop a proposal to merge, consolidate, and reorganize the federalgovernment in a way that best serves the goal of a more competitive America.I will submit that proposal to Congress for a vote – and we will push to getit passed. 当下， 在过去的两年里，我们利用技术手段取得了长足的进步，并消除了浪费 。退伍军人可以轻按鼠标就下载到他们的电子医疗档案。我们正在出售许多数年未使用的联邦办公地，我们还将削减繁文缛节的官样文章进而处理更多的事情。但我们需要考虑更重要的东西。在未来几个月，我领导的政府将提出一份提案来融合，巩固和重组联邦政府部门，以更好为打造一个更具竞争力的美国而服务。我希望能将这个提案交由国会进行投票表决——我们也将力推它获得通过。 In the comingyear, we will also work to rebuild people ’ s faith in the institution ofgovernment.Because you deserve toknow exactly how and where your tax dollars are being spent, you will be ableto go to a website and get that information for the very first time inhistory. Because you deserve to know when your elected officials are meetingwith lobbyists, I ask Congress to do what the White House has already done:put that information online.Andbecause the American people deserve to know that special interests aren ’ tlarding up legislation with pet projects, both parties in Congress shouldknow this: if a bill comes to my desk with earmarks inside, I will veto it. 接下来的一年，我们也将 重建民众对政府机构的信心 。因为你们本就应该确切的知道你们交的税怎样花的，花在了哪些地方，你们将可以通过访问一个网站来获得有史以来最第一手的信息。因为你们本应知道你们选出的官员何时与游说人员会面了，我要求国会也像白宫做的那样：将信息公布在网上。因为民众本应知道特殊利益集团如果不是暗箱操作是不能获得立法支持的，国会两党都应该知道：如果一项法案是带着标记送到我的办公桌上，我一定会否决的。 A 21st century government that ’ s open andcompetent. A government that lives within its means. An economy that ’ s drivenby new skills and ideas. Our success in this new and changing world willrequire reform, responsibility, and innovation. It will also require us toapproach that world with a new level of engagement in our foreign affairs. 21 世纪的政府应是开明的，有能力的。政府需要各种手段才能生存。一个经济体需要各种新的技术和创意才能推动前进。在新的充满变化的世界上，我们的成功需要改革，责任心以及创新。同时也需要我们以全新的水准积极参与到国际事务中，与世界接触。 Just as jobs andbusinesses can now race across borders, so can new threats and newchallenges. No single wall separates East and West; no one rival superpoweris aligned against us. 如同就业和企业的竞争跨越了国界，这种新的威胁和挑战亦是如此。没有任何墙可以阻隔东方与西方；没有任何敌对强权能与我们作对。 And so we mustdefeat determined enemies wherever they are, and build coalitions that cutacross lines of region and race and religion. America ’ s moral example mustalways shine for all who yearn for freedom, justice, and dignity. And becausewe have begun this work, tonight we can say that American leadership has beenrenewed and America ’ s standing has been restored. 因此，无论敌人如何顽固，我们都要击败他们，建立坚固的联盟切断他们地区的，种族的和信仰上的一切联系。美国的光辉榜样定将永远照耀所有渴求自由，正义和尊严的人民。因为我们早已开始这项工作，今晚我们可以说美国的领导地位定将延续，美国的立场也将永远长存。 Look to Iraq,where nearly 100,000 of our brave men and women have left with their headsheld high; where American combat patrols have ended; violence has come down;and a new government has been formed. This year, our civilians will forge alasting partnership with the Iraqi people, while we finish the job ofbringing our troops out of Iraq. America ’ s commitment has been kept; the IraqWar is coming to an end. 转向伊拉克，有将近 10 万名勇敢的男女士兵高昂着头踏上这片土地；在那里我们的战斗已经结束；暴力事件也开始下降；新的政府也已经组建。今年，在我们完成将伊拉克驻军完全撤出的工作之后，我们的人民将与伊拉克的人民建立起持久的伙伴关系。美国将践行自己的承诺，伊拉克战争即将结束。 Of course, as wespeak, al Qaeda and their affiliates continue to plan attacks againstus.Thanks to our intelligence and lawenforcement professionals, we are disrupting plots and securing our citiesand skies. And as extremists try to inspire acts of violence within ourborders, we are responding with the strength of our communities, with respectfor the rule of law, and with the conviction that American Muslims are a partof our American family. 当然，就在此时，基地组织及其附庸们还在不断计划袭击我们。谢谢我们的情报人员和专业的执法人员，他们的努力让我们挫败了恐怖分子，保卫了我们城市和天空的安全。当极端分子企图激发国内的暴力行动时，我们以坚定的集体主义精神，对法治的尊重以及美国穆斯林是美国大家庭的一员的信心做出了回应。 We have alsotaken the fight to al Qaeda and their allies abroad. In Afghanistan, ourtroops have taken Taliban strongholds and trained Afghan SecurityForces.Our purpose is clear – bypreventing the Taliban from reestablishing a stranglehold over the Afghanpeople, we will deny al Qaeda the safe-haven that served as a launching padfor 9/11. 我们也不断打击基地组织及其海外盟友。在阿富汗，我们的部队端掉了塔利班的老窝，并训练了阿富汗的安全部队。我们的目标很明确——以防止塔利班东山再起和压制阿富汗人民，我们也绝不允许基地组织再次获得发动 911 袭击的安全避风港。 Thanks to ourheroic troops and civilians, fewer Afghans are under the control of theinsurgency. There will be tough fighting ahead, and the Afghan governmentwill need to deliver better governance. But we are strengthening the capacityof the Afghan people and building an enduring partnership with them.This year, we will work with nearly 50countries to begin a transition to an Afghan lead. And this July, we willbegin to bring our troops home. 感谢我们英勇的军队和公民，已经没有多少阿富汗人民沦落在暴政的控制之下了。在这之前当然会有艰苦的战斗，阿富汗政府也需要建立更好的治理。但我们正在逐步增强阿富汗人民的力量，并与他们建立起持久的伙伴关系。今年，我们将与 50 多个国家一起开始阿富汗领导权的过渡。今年七月，我们将开始撤回我们的部队。 In Pakistan, alQaeda ’ s leadership is under more pressure than at any point since 2001. Theirleaders and operatives are being removed from the battlefield. Theirsafe-havens are shrinking. And we have sent a message from the Afghan borderto the Arabian Peninsula to all parts of the globe: we will not relent, wewill not waver, and we will defeat you. 在巴基斯坦，基地组织的头头们正承受着自 2001 年以来比在任何其他地方都大的压力。他们的头目和行动人员逐次在战斗中被干掉。他们的避风港正在逐步萎缩。我们也从阿富汗边境到阿拉伯半岛到世界各地传出信息：我们将永不怜悯，永不动摇，我们一定要打败你们！ Americanleadership can also be seen in the effort to secure the worst weapons of war.Because Republicans and Democrats approved the New START Treaty, far fewernuclear weapons and launchers will be deployed. Because we rallied the world,nuclear materials are being locked down on every continent so they never fallinto the hands of terrorists. 美国的领导地位同样可以从我们寻求最具破坏力的武器安全中看出来。因为共和党和民主党同意批准新的战略武器削减条约，部署的核武器和导弹数量将大量减少。因为我们联合了全世界，核材料现在被锁定在各个大陆，这样就不会落入恐怖分子之手。 Because of adiplomatic effort to insist that Iran meet its obligations, the Iraniangovernment now faces tougher and tighter sanctions than ever before. And onthe Korean peninsula, we stand with our ally South Korea, and insist thatNorth Korea keeps its commitment to abandon nuclear weapons. 由于我们在坚持伊朗履行其义务的外交努力，现在的伊朗政府面临着比以往更加强硬和更加严厉的制裁。在朝鲜半岛，我们与盟友韩国站在一起，并坚持让北朝鲜践行放弃核武器的诺言。 This is just apart of how we are shaping a world that favors peace and prosperity. With ourEuropean allies, we revitalized NATO, and increased our cooperation oneverything from counter-terrorism to missile defense.We have reset our relationship with Russia,strengthened Asian alliances, and built new partnerships with nations likeIndia. This March, I will travel to Brazil, Chile, and El Salvador to forgenew alliances for progress in the Americas. Around the globe, we are standingwith those who take responsibility – helping farmers grow more food;supporting doctors who care for the sick; and combating the corruption thatcan rot a society and rob people of opportunity. 这些是我们塑造一个爱好和平和繁荣的世界的一部分。与我们的欧洲盟友一起，我们让北约充满生机，从反恐到导弹防御系统等一些列事务上不断扩大合作。 我们重新设定了与俄罗斯的关系，巩固了亚洲盟友，并与印度等国家建立了新的伙伴关系 。今年 3 月，我们将访问巴西，智利以及萨尔瓦多，以建立新的盟友来推动美洲事务的进展。环顾全球，我们正与负责任的国家站在一起——帮助农民生产更多的粮食；支援医生治疗病患；并与腐蚀社会和掠夺人民机遇的腐败政府进行战斗。 Recent eventshave shown us that what sets us apart must not just be our power – it must bethe purpose behind it.In South Sudan – with our assistance – the people were finally able to vote for independenceafter years of war. Thousands lined up before dawn. People danced in thestreets. One man who lost four of his brothers at war summed up the scenearound him: “ This was a battlefield for most of my life. Now we want to befree. ” 最近发生的事情说明我们区别于其他国家不是依靠武力——而是依靠武力背后的谋划。在苏丹南部——在我们的协助下——在经过了多年战乱后，那里的人民终于能够投票决定独立了。无数的人们不等天亮就列队欢呼。人们在街上跳舞。一个失去了四个兄弟的男子回想起过去时说：“我一生都在战场度过。现在我们希望我们能获得自由。” We saw that samedesire to be free in Tunisia, where the will of the people proved morepowerful than the writ of a dictator. And tonight, let us be clear: theUnited States of America stands with the people of Tunisia, and supports thedemocratic aspirations of all people. 在突尼斯我们同样可以看见对自由的渴求，在那里，事实证明人民的意愿要比独裁者的命令强有力的多。今晚，让我们明确表示：美利坚合众国与突尼斯人民站在一起，并支持所有人的民主愿望。 We must neverforget that the things we ’ ve struggled for, and fought for, live in thehearts of people everywhere. And we must always remember that the Americanswho have borne the greatest burden in this struggle are the men and women whoserve our country. 我们永远都不能忘记我们为之斗争，为之战斗的东西，让她永远铭记在各地人民的心中。我们还应记住这些在斗争中担负最沉的重担那些为国服役的男女士兵们。 Tonight, let usspeak with one voice in reaffirming that our nation is united in support ofour troops and their families.Let usserve them as well as they have served us – by giving them the equipment theyneed; by providing them with the care and benefits they have earned; and byenlisting our veterans in the great task of building our own nation. 今晚，让我们异口同声的再次宣布，我们会团结在一起支持我们的军队以及他们的家庭。让我们为他们服务，就像他们为我们服务一样——给他们提供装备；给他们提供他们曾经挣得的保险和福利；谋求退伍军人的支援共同加入到伟大的建设我们自己国家的任务中去。 Our troops comefrom every corner of this country – they are black, white, Latino, Asian andNative American. They are Christian and Hindu, Jewish and Muslim. And, yes,we know that some of them are gay. Starting this year, no American will beforbidden from serving the country they love because of who they love.And with that change, I call on all of ourcollege campuses to open their doors to our military recruiters and the ROTC.It is time to leave behind the divisive battles of the past. It is time tomove forward as one nation. 我们的军人来自这个国家的各个角落——他们可能是黑人、白人、拉丁美洲人、亚洲人或印第安人。他们可能是基督徒或是印度教徒，犹太教徒或穆斯林。当然，或许我们现在还知道他们当中有的人是同性恋。从今年开始，任何美国人都不被强制要求参军服役。通过这些改变，我号召我们所有的大学为军队招募人员和后备军官训练营敞开大门。是时候抛弃过去那种分裂战争的思想了。我们应该以一个统一国家前进。 We should haveno illusions about the work ahead of us. Reforming our schools; changing theway we use energy; reducing our deficit – none of this is easy. All of itwill take time. And it will be harder because we will argue about everything.The cost. The details. The letter of every law. 对我们需要完成的各项工作我们不能抱有幻想。改革学校，改变我们使用能源的方式；降低赤字——没有任何一项是容易的。所有的事情都需要时间。由于我们将为各种事情展开辩论，实际情况可能更艰难。成本、细节、以至法律的每一个字符。 Of course, somecountries don ’ t have this problem. If the central government wants arailroad, they get a railroad – no matter how many homes are bulldozed. Ifthey don ’ t want a bad story in the newspaper, it doesn ’ t get written. 当然，有的国家并不存在这样的问题。如果中央政府想建铁路，他们就能建——无论有多少人的家园被推平。如果他们不想让这些坏消息出现在报纸上，报纸也就不会写。 And yet, ascontentious and frustrating and messy as our democracy can sometimes be, Iknow there isn ’ t a person here who would trade places with any other nationon Earth. 然而，虽然我们的民主有时候会显得争执不休、使人沮丧或一团乱麻，我相信没有一个人想要与地球上其他国家交换地方。 We may havedifferences in policy, but we all believe in the rights enshrined in our Constitution.We may have different opinions, but we believe in the same promise that saysthis is a place where you can make it if you try. We may have differentbackgrounds, but we believe in the same dream that says this is a countrywhere anything ’ s possible. No matter who you are. No matter where you comefrom. 我们的政策可能有很多不同，但我们都相信我们的宪法赋予我们的权利。我们的观点可能不同，但我们相信这块土地只要你努力你就能成功这一诺言。我们的背景可能不同，但我们都相信同一个梦想，在这个国家一切皆有可能。无论你是谁。无论你来自哪里。 That dream iswhy I can stand here before you tonight. That dream is why a working classkid from Scranton can stand behind me.That dream is why someone who began by sweeping the floors of hisfather ’ s Cincinnati bar can preside as Speaker of the House in the greatestnation on Earth. 正是有了这个梦想，我今晚才能站在大家面前。正是这个梦想，一个来自斯克兰顿工人家庭的孩子才能站在我身后。正是这样的梦想，那个从辛辛那提父亲的酒吧里从擦地开始的人，今天才能成为世界上最伟大国家众议院的议长。 That dream – that American Dream – is what drove the Allen Brothers to reinvent theirroofing company for a new era. It ’ s what drove those students at Forsyth Techto learn a new skill and work towards the future. And that dream is the storyof a small business owner named Brandon Fisher. 这个梦想——美国梦——是促使阿伦兄弟重新开始他们的屋顶材料公司走进新时期的推动力。这个梦想是促使福赛技术学院的同学们学习一项新技能以获得将来工作的推动力。这个梦想是一个叫 布兰登 ·费雪的小企业家的成长故事。 Brandon starteda company in Berlin, Pennsylvania that specializes in a new kind of drillingtechnology. One day last summer, he saw the news that halfway across theworld, 33 men were trapped in a Chilean mine, and no one knew how to savethem. 布兰登 在宾夕法尼亚州柏林市开了一家公司，专门研究新型的钻井技术。去年夏季的一天，他看新闻得知跨过半个地球，有 33 名工人被困在一个智利矿井下，没人知道该如何去救他们。 But Brandonthought his company could help. And so he designed a rescue that would cometo be known as Plan B. His employees worked around the clock to manufacturethe necessary drilling equipment. And Brandon left for Chile. 但 布兰登 觉得他的公司可以帮助他们。因此他设计了一个现在被称为 B 计划的救生方案。他的员工们昼夜工作并制造出了所需的钻井设备。然后布兰登就前往智利。 Along withothers, he began drilling a 2,000 foot hole into the ground, working three orfour days at a time with no sleep. Thirty-seven days later, Plan B succeeded,and the miners were rescued. But because he didn ’ t want all of the attention,Brandon wasn ’ t there when the miners emerged. He had already gone home, backto work on his next project. 与其他一些人一起，他开始从地面钻开了一个 2000 英尺深的洞，这期间，他连续工作三四天也不睡觉。 37 天之后， B 计划成功了，矿工们都得救了。但由于他不想被过多关注，矿工们救出来时布兰登并不在现场。他已经回到家乡，重新投入到他的下一项工作中。 Later, one ofhis employees said of the rescue, “ We proved that Center Rock is a littlecompany, but we do big things. ” 后来，他的一位员工在谈到这次救援时说：“我们证明了 Center Rock 虽然是个小公司，但我们能做大事。” We do bigthings. 我们能做大事。 From theearliest days of our founding, America has been the story of ordinary peoplewho dare to dream. That ’ s how we win the future. 从我们建国的最初岁月里，美国就流传着普通民众有着敢于梦想的故事。我们就靠这个赢得未来。 We are a nationthat says, “ I might not have a lot of money, but I have this great idea for anew company. I might not come from a family of college graduates, but I willbe the first to get my degree. I might not know those people in trouble, butI think I can help them, and I need to try. I ’ m not sure how we ’ ll reach thatbetter place beyond the horizon, but I know we ’ ll get there. I know we will. ” 我们是一个民族，我们会说：“也许我没有太多的钱，但我却有一个创建新公司的伟大想法。也许我的家庭没有出过大学生，但我将是我家第一个拿到大学学位的人。也许我不知道这些人有困难，但我一定能帮助他们，我需要试一试。我不确定我们如何能超越地平线到达一个更好的地方，但我知道我们定将能到达那里。我确定我们可以。” We do bigthings. 我们可以做大事。 The idea ofAmerica endures. Our destiny remains our choice. And tonight, more than twocenturies later, it is because of our people that our future is hopeful, ourjourney goes forward, and the state of our union is strong. 美国的理念永存。我们的命运依然靠我们选择。今晚，在两个多世纪之后，正是因为有了我们的人民，我们的未来才充满希望，我们的旅程才不断向前，我们的国家才更加强大。 Thank you, GodBless You, and may God Bless the United States of America. 谢谢大家 , 上帝保佑你们 , 也愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。 转载自译言，有小部分修改，原文链接 ： http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/25/remarks-president-barack-obama-state-union-address
Obama: $45B deals show China's rise can help US 奥巴马总统对中国的450亿美元大礼欢欣鼓舞，历史终将证明没有中国人民，美利坚会破产，像冰岛、希腊一样！所以，我建议伟大的温州人民尽快进驻美利坚，把美利坚给炒起来，就像炒炒煤、大蒜、房产等一样。我坚信伟大的温州人民有这样的能力，不知奥巴马总统是否同意让“温州资金”挺进美利坚？趁胡主席此次访美的机会，温州商会赶紧给胡主席提出要求与奥巴马谈判。那一天温州资金买下了美利坚，中国就真的崛起了！
校园行动将降低下一代肥胖率 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/1/243041.shtm 美国的《儿童健康、免饥饿法案》将于2011年生效。由于美国有越来越多肥胖儿童，被诊断出过去只有成年人才有的高血压、高胆固醇和Ⅱ型糖尿病，新法有助于扭转这个令人担忧的趋势。 2010年12月，美国总统奥巴马签署了该法案，以为儿童提供较健康的校园餐点来对抗儿童饥饿。奥巴马表示，现在，在美国各地，还有许多儿童无法享用校园餐点，而且，供应的餐食也不够健康。 http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/WEB16OWEB10O0 School lunches and obesity 信息分析报告 School lunches and obesity 1-19.docx
十一月的孟买，骄阳依然似火，正在印度进行国事访问的美国国家总统奥巴马在St. Xavier's College举行的town hall meeting发表重要讲话并回答了印度大学生的提问看了这则消息，脑海中闪过的一个念头竟是想看看奥巴马演讲时的身后有没有一位红衣女郎，然后才想到比较一下中印两国学生对奥巴马的提问。 还记得上次第一个得到机会向奥巴马上海复旦大学生提出的问题是这样的：自1985年以来，上海与芝加哥就结为了姐妹城市，两座城市在经济、政治和文化方面进行了各种广泛的的交流活动。那么，您将采取什么举措来加深美国与中国各城市间的这种紧密联系？ 相比复旦学生充满和谐的提问，第一位向奥巴马提问的印度女学生的问题很给力： What is your take on opinion about jihad?（你怎样看待伊斯兰的圣战？）面对这样问题，奥巴马的回答开始有点语焉不详：Well, the phrase jihad has a lot of meanings within Islam and is subject to a lot of different interpretations. But I will say that Islam is one of the world's great religions（这个这个，圣战这个词在伊斯兰教中有不同的意思，也有许多不同的解读。我想说，伊斯兰是个伟大的宗教之一）。然后话锋一转，.说起了绕口令：I think all of us recognize that this great religion in the hands of a few extremists has been distorted to justify violence towards innocent people that is never justified（我觉得我们都认为这个伟大的宗教在少数极端分子手中被曲解，用来证明向无辜的人民使用暴力的正当性，而暴力是绝不能被证明是正当的）。 接下来一位印度男生的问题更较劲： What do you believe is a possible methodology which governments can adopt to basically incorporate the human core values, the moral values of selflessness, brotherhood, over the materialistic frame of thought which people work by today?（你认为政府应该采取什么样的方法来确保人类的核心价值、无私的道德观、兄弟情义高于如今的人们为之奔忙的物质利益框架）？还有一位学生问：You mention Mahatma Gandhi a lot usually in your speeches. So I was just wondering how exactly do you implement his principles and his values in your day-to-day life（你常在演讲中引用圣雄甘地的话，我想知道你怎样在自己的日常生活中实践甘地的原则和价值）。对于这两个问题，奥巴马具体怎样回答的我就不赘述了，但是奥巴马在回答的过程中几次称赞这是terrific question（非常棒的问题），而且说很高兴你问到了这样的问题。另一位印度学生不无讽刺地提到，奥巴马以change为口号赢得民心当选了总统，而刚刚举行的美国中期选举，选民们却反过来要求奥巴马change。对此，奥巴马只能以不变应万变地说：民主有个特别大的好处，那就是如果老百姓不高兴，他们就告诉你他们不高兴，不管总统高兴不高兴。 从价值观到美国内政，印度学生的问题最后转向了外交。一位戴眼镜的女生问了一个所有印度人都想知道的问题不是关于中国，而是巴基斯坦Why is Pakistan so important an ally to America, so far as America has never called it a terrorist state（为什么巴基斯坦是美国如此重要的一个盟友，美国从来没有把它列入恐怖主义国家之列）? 奥巴马对这个问题也是有备而来，他试图说服印度人：The country that has the biggest stake in Pakistan's success is India. I think that if Pakistan is unstable, that's bad for India. If Pakistan is stable and prosperous, that's good（能够从巴基斯坦的成功中获得最大利益的国家就是印度，如果巴基斯坦不稳定，对印度来说是个坏事；如果巴基斯坦稳定繁荣，对印度是好事）。 最后一个问题是有关阿富汗的，一位印度男生指出有报道说美国正在与塔利班接触以便在美军撤出后建立一个稳定的政府，然后质问奥巴马这是否意味着美国承认自己了无能。这个问题也够奥巴马招架一阵子的，在重复了美方在这个问题上的一贯的和明确的立场后，奥巴马说：But I think a stable Afghanistan is achievable. Will it look exactly as I might design a democracy? Probably not. It will take on an Afghan character. （我觉得一个稳定的阿富汗是可能实现的。但它会不会就是我们所期待的民主政体，也许不会，这将是一个有阿富汗特色的政体）。 最后，回到我开始的那个念头：奥巴马身后有没有红衣女郎？找来看现场照片看，果然端坐一位红衣女郎只不过这位美丽的孟买女郎没有像奥巴马在上海时那位上海女郎那样被炒红，原因很简单，因为印度学生的问题本身已经很抢眼，引起媒体和网民热议，自然没人有闲工夫拿一位女郎外套的颜色做文章。 转载链接： http://zhaihuablog.blog.163.com/blog/static/126556152201010902068/
王 应 宽 2010-10-25 UTC-6 CST UMN, St Paul MN, USA 近距离聆听奥巴马总统在明尼苏达大学的演讲 ( 附全文 ) 按照学校网站的动态预告中午 12 ： 30 入场，原定在 Northrop Mall 作露天演讲，结果天气预报说很可能有雨（其实后来没有下雨），临时将总统演讲地点改在明大的室内体育场（ University of Minnesota Field House ）。因为前一天很困晚上较早休息了， 23 日早上 5 点就醒来了，吃完早餐 6 点就到办公室加班工作，直到临近中午 11 点，明大访友 Guangfa 来电询问几时出发，眼看时间快到，就开始准备出发去明尼阿波利斯校区。因为是周末，校车改成了小型车了，且半小时才一趟。等了好一会儿才挤上一辆，到达 TCF Bank Stadium 下车时已看见长龙队列。当日学校的橄榄球队在学校主场（ TCF Bank Stadium ）有比赛，里面座无虚席，气氛很热烈。我们从 TCF Bank Stadium 下车后，逆着蜿蜒盘旋的长龙队走去找队尾，结果我们走直线距离都两站多，直到 Coffman 的对面才找到队尾。然后就开始了长达三个小时的排队等候，那阵势与在上海看世博会热门场馆的感觉差不多。队尾在不断的延长，我们刚排上队十几分钟，就看到后面三人一排的长队又延长到一百多米以外。 经过漫长的等待和队伍缓慢的移动，终于在下午 2 ： 30 左右到达了安检的地方。在入口处设立了类似机场安检的探测扫描设备和人工检查。我虽然也背了个小包包，但里面装的是护照、相机和望远镜，因此顺利过关。进入到体育场后已是人山人海。平时在美国很少见到这么多人，还是去年看明州博览会和听一次露天的摇滚音乐会时见到过这么多人。里面正在进行的是非常富有煽动性和感召力的演讲，好像是下任州长 Mark Dayton 本人及其团队在演讲拉票。我们进去就有人给我们发了一个标语牌，正反面都写着拟竞选州长的名字 Mark Dayton 。希望听众们在聆听演讲的过程中挥舞着手中的牌子山呼万岁！ Mark Dayton 是明尼苏达州长民主党的唯一候选人，本来呼声就很高，加上奥巴马总统来助选，成功的机率很大。 11 月 2 日就是选举日，将与共和党候选人 Tom Emmer 和独立候选人 Tom Horner 一见分晓。 根据日程，下午 2 ： 43 总统座驾空军一号在明尼阿波利斯机场着陆，大约下午三点半奥巴马总统抵达开始演讲，整个演讲持续半个多小时。演讲很精彩，现场气氛热烈，掌声不断，但老实说被挤在人群当中，总想看看老马，给他拍拍照，没有很认真听讲，因而没有听懂多少。演讲内容还是在网上找到全文看后才明白其中的奥妙。 奥巴马总统此次来明大演讲近期的目的是来支持民主党候选人 Mark Dayton 竞选州长的，长远计划是为他 2012 年寻求连任做宣传准备的。总统在演讲中指出了民主党的政策取向，呼吁支持 Mark Dayton 。 民主党代表广大中低收入阶层民众，代表那些没有背景依靠自己奋斗取得成功的人，主张重视教育、医保、就业、开发新能源和保护环境等，主张在美国本土发展新产业，创造就业机会，而不是向海外拓展。相反，共和党代表石油、金融、地产、汽车、军火商等大财团。奥巴马批评了共和党的政策取向，如狠批了共和党计划裁减教育经费 20% 的主张，还说如果按照共和党的经济发展主张和就业计划，美国政府和人民只能向中国告借。 因为相机留在北京的家里给小儿照相用，原本计划来这里买个好点的单反机（ SLF ）的。为给总统拍照 22 日去 Rosedale 的 Best Buy 看了半天觉得太贵下不了手（所以销售广告常鼓励我们男人对自己下手要狠一点）。但眼看次日要参加活动，没有相机不行，最后只好先买了一个卡片式的 Sony DSC-W370 相机， 1400 万像素，功能挺强，外观和性能都还不错，只能先用着，等感恩节和圣诞节促销时再考虑买佳能或尼康的单反机了。相机虽不错，但毕竟距离总统约 50 米开外，加之夹在人群之中根本看不见，只能垫起脚尖，单手高举相机以最大焦距对着总统所在方位一阵瞎拍。所拍到的相片质量实在不敢恭维，但录像的一小段效果还不错。 夹在人群中根本看不见奥巴马。后来我干脆退到场地的最后边，借着铁栏杆，用我的望远镜，算是把奥巴马总统看了个清清楚楚、明明白白。 Text of Barack Obamas speech at the University of Minnesota By Paul Schmelzer | 10.24.10 | 6:20 pm 资料来源： http://minnesotaindependent.com/72962/text-of-barack-obamas-speech-at-the-university-of-minnesota Remarks by President Barack Obama delivered Saturday, Oct. 23, at the University of Minnesota Field House, via The White House: THE PRESIDENT: Hello, Minnesota! (Applause.) Hello, Gophers! (Applause.) Oh, it is good to be back in Minnesota! (Applause.) And its an honor to be standing here next to your next governor, Mark Dayton. (Applause.) Let me just make mention of the other wonderful public servants who are here: Former Vice President Walter Mondale is in the house. (Applause.) Your terrific pair of senators Amy Klobuchar and Al Franken are here. (Applause.) An outstanding congressional delegation Keith Ellison, Betty McCollum, Jim Oberstar. (Applause.) All the great candidates who are on the DFL ticket are here today and were thrilled to see them. And obviously I am very honored to be here with Mark, because I served with Mark in the United States Senate. (Applause.) And so I know this man. And I know that hes been fighting for the people of this state his entire career. You know what kind of leader he is. You know what kind of fighter he is. Everybody else in this race might be talking about change heres the only candidate who can actually deliver change, whos actually delivered change before. (Applause.) The only candidate whos helped grow this states economy. The only candidate whos put people back to work. The only candidate whos saved taxpayer dollars by cutting waste and abuse. So you know Mark Dayton. Hes got a track record. Hes the only candidate in this race who will stand up for the middle class, whos got a plan to balance the budget without sacrificing our childrens education. (Applause.) A candidate who has a plan to create jobs and help small business owners grow and to thrive. The point is Mark Dayton has spent his life fighting for Minnesota. And now I need all of you to fight for Mark Dayton so we can keep this state moving forward. (Applause.) It looks like youre kind of fired up. (Applause.) And I need you fired up because in just 10 days, you have the chance not just to set the direction of this state but also help to determine the direction of this country not just for the next two years, but the next five years, the next 10 years, the next 20 years. And just like you did in 2008, you have the chance to defy the conventional wisdom - because right now the conventional wisdom is that you cant overcome the cynicism of politics; that you cant overcome all the special interest money that Mark was talking about; that you cant tackle big challenges, that the political system just cant digest it. The same way that they said in 2008 that you cant elect a skinny guy with a funny name to the presidency of the United States of America (applause) and so in 2008, you said, Yes, we can in 2010 youve got to say, Yes, we can. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: Yes, we can! Yes, we can! Yes, we can! (Applause.) THE PRESIDENT: Yes, we can. (Applause.) Look, there is no doubt that this is going to be a difficult election. And its because weve been through an incredibly difficult time for our nation. For most of the last decade, the middle class in America was getting pounded. Ill give you a few statistics. Between 2001 and 2009, when Republicans were in charge, the middle class saw their incomes go down by 5 percent during that period. Thats not according to me; thats according to the Wall Street Journal. Between that same period, we had the slowest, most sluggish job growth of any time since World War II. So this was a lost decade for middle-class families. Costs of everything from health care to getting a college education were skyrocketing. Jobs were disappearing overseas. Too many parents had to say to their kids, you know we might not be able to afford to send you to college. Too many families had to pass up going to the doctor when they got sick because they couldnt afford it. Too many Americans having two, three jobs and still not being able to make ends meet. And then all of this culminated in the worst financial crisis and the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. I want everybody to think back to when I was first sworn in. We had lost 4 million jobs in the six months before I took office. We lost 750,000 the month I took the oath; 600,000 the month after that; 600,000 more the month after that. We lost almost 8 million jobs, almost all of them lost before any of our economic policies could be put into place. And when I arrived in Washington, my hope was that we could put politics aside for a moment to meet this once-in-a-generation challenge. My hope was we could stop the division and the bickering and the partisanship that had dominated Washington and that we could come together to solve problems because although we are proud Democrats, we are prouder to be Americans, Minnesota. (Applause.) And I believe there are a lot of Republicans out there that felt the same way. But when we got to Washington, the Republican leaders in Congress - they had a different idea. Their basic theory was they looked around and said, boy, we really made a big mess, we really screwed up. Its going to take a long time to get those 8 million jobs back. People are going to be angry and frustrated. Its better if we refuse to cooperate, we say no to everything, we try to gum up the works in Congress, and we may be able to deflect the blame come the next election. Well just pretend like we had nothing to do it, and well point our fingers at the Democrats. AUDIENCE: Boooo THE PRESIDENT: In other words, the other side was betting on amnesia. (Laughter.) Theyre betting that youll forget who caused this mess in the first place. But, Minneapolis, it is up to you to show them that you have not forgotten. (Applause.) Its up to you to remember that this election is a choice - between the policies that got us into this mess and the policies that are leading us out of this mess. Its a choice between the past and the future; a choice between hope and fear; a choice between falling backwards and moving forwards. And I dont know about you, but I want to move forward. (Applause.) I dont want to go backward. And if you dont think this is a choice, if you think somehow theres a new and improved Republican Party out there, let me be clear: The chair of the Republican campaign committee was asked, well, what are you going to do if you take over Congress. He said, well pursue the exact same agenda as we did before Obama took office. AUDIENCE: Boooo THE PRESIDENT: I mean, its not as if they went off into the desert, they realized, boy, we really screwed up, and they went and meditated for a while and came up with some new ideas. All theyve got is the same old stuff that they were peddling over the last decade: Cut taxes mostly for millionaires and billionaires; cut rules for special interests; and then cut middle-class families to fend for themselves. So if youre out of a job, tough luck, youre on your own. If you dont have health care, their philosophy says, tough luck, you are on your own. Youre a young person trying to afford a college education too bad, pull yourself up by your own bootstraps, youre on your own. This same agenda turned a record surplus into record deficits; allowed Wall Street to run wild and nearly destroyed our economy. And I make these points not because I want to re-argue the past. I just dont want to re-live the past. (Applause.) We cant afford it. We cant afford it. We tried it their way. Its not as if we didnt try it. We tried it for eight years, and it didnt work. And you know the true sign of madness is if you do the same thing over and over again and expect a different result. Weve tried what theyre doing and it didnt work. And we wouldnt get a different result if we went back to it. So weve got to move forward, not back. (Applause.) I know that Al Franken talked to you a little bit about the analogy of a car being driven into the ditch although I guess Al embellished it a little bit. He said there were alligators down there (laughter) I didnt see the alligators. But it is true the car went into the ditch. (Laughter.) And it is true that me and Al and Amy and Mark and others, we had to climb down into the ditch. And it is hot down there and dirty. And weve been pushing that car, pushing it, pushing it, pushing it. The whole time the Republicans have been standing on the sidelines. (Laughter.) Theyve been looking down, fanning themselves, sipping on a Slurpee. (Laughter.) Kicking dirt down into the ditch. Kicking dirt in our faces. But we kept on pushing. (Applause.) Finally we got this car up on level ground. And, yes, its a little beat up. It needs to go to the body shop. Its got some dents; it needs a tune-up. But its pointing in the right direction. And now weve got the Republicans tapping us on the shoulder, saying, we want the keys back. You cant have the keys back. You dont know how to drive. (Applause.) You can ride with us if you want, but you got to sit in the backseat. (Laughter.) Were going to put middle-class America in the front seat. Were looking out for them. (Applause.) I mean, you have noticed, when you want to go forward, what do you do with your car? You put it in D. If you want to go backwards, what do you do? You put it in R. (Laughter and applause.) I dont want to go backwards. Im going forwards, with all of you. (Applause.) Minnesota, because of the steps weve taken, we no longer face the possibility of a second depression. The economy is growing again. Weve seen nine straight months of private sector job growth. But weve still got a long way to go. There are a lot of folks hurting out there, a lot of people hanging by a thread. There are still families who have members who are desperate for a job. There are still a lot of folks who are still worried about losing their home. Thats what keeps me up at night. Thats what keeps Mark up at night. Thats what keeps us fighting. Because weve got a different idea about what the future should hold for America. (Applause.) And its an idea rooted in our belief about how this country was built. We understand government cant solve every problem. We know government has to be lean and mean. We know that everybody who pays taxes expects efficiency. They dont want to see their tax dollars wasted. But in the words of the first Republican President, Abraham Lincoln who, by the way, could not win the nomination of the Republican Party these days (laughter) we also believe that a government should do for the people what they cannot do better for themselves. (Applause.) We believe in an America that rewards hard work and responsibility and individual initiative, but also an America that invests in its people and its future. An America that invests in the education of our children, in the skills of our workers. We believe in an America in which we look after one another; where I say I am my brothers keeper; I am my sisters keeper. (Applause.) Thats our vision. Thats the America that I believe in and that Mark believes in, and that you believe in. Thats the choice in this election. (Applause.) If you give the other side the keys, the other side will keep giving tax breaks to companies that ship jobs overseas. Mark and I, we want to give tax breaks to companies that are investing right here in Minnesota, right here in the United States (applause) in small businesses and American manufacturers. (Applause.) We want to invest in clean energy companies - because I dont want solar panels and wind turbines and electric cars built in Europe or built in Asia. I want them built right here in America, with American workers. (Applause.) Thats the choice in this election. If we give them the keys, heres their big economic idea. This is their big job plan is to cut taxes for the top 2 percent. It will cost $700 billion. It will be an average $100,000 check for millionaires and billionaires 98 percent of folks would not see any of this money from this tax break. And to pay for it wed have to borrow money from China oh, and by the way, wed also have to cut education spending by 20 percent. AUDIENCE: Booo THE PRESIDENT: Now, why on earth do we think that would be good for our future? Do you think that China is cutting education spending by 20 percent? AUDIENCE: Nooo THE PRESIDENT: Is South Korea or India or Germany, are they cutting education by 20 percent? AUDIENCE: Nooo THE PRESIDENT: Theyre not playing for second place. They understand that our competitiveness will be determined by how well we educate our workers for tomorrow. And America doesnt play for second place either. We play for first place. (Applause.) Thats why Amy, thats why Al, thats why we worked together Keith, Patty thats why we came together to make sure that we took tens of billions of dollars that were going to banks in unwarranted subsidies and we sent that money where it should be going to you. We are financing millions of young peoples college educations more effectively now (applause) higher Pell Grants, better student loans; a $10,000 tax credit for every young person going to college. Those are the kinds of choices were making. And thats the choice in this election. Thats why, when it comes to tax cuts, we gave 95 percent of working families a tax cut. (Applause.) We gave the tax cuts to families that needed them, not folks who didnt need them, because we know youre the ones that need relief. Thats the choice in this election. (Applause.) If we give the other side the keys back and I promise you well have those special interests sitting shotgun. The chair of one of the other partys committees has already promised that one of the first orders of business is to repeal Wall Street reform. Now, think about this. We just had the worst financial crisis since the 1930s, and one of their orders of business would be to eliminate protections for consumers, eliminate protections for taxpayers, go back to a system that resulted in us having to save the entire economy and take these drastic measures. Why would we do that? Why would we do that? Why would we go back to the point where credit card companies could jack up your interest rates without any notice, and could institute hidden fees? Why would we go back to the health care policies that they believe in, where insurance companies could drop your insurance when you get sick? Why would we do why would we put those folks back in the drivers seat? Let me tell you about health care reform. Because of health care reform, everybody here who is under 26 can stay on their parents health care even if they dont have health insurance. (Applause.) Because of that reform, insurance companies cant drop somebody because theyve got a preexisting condition. (Applause.) Because of health care reform, millions of small businesses are getting tax credits so they can afford to provide health insurance to their employees. That is their agenda, to repeal that? AUDIENCE: Nooo THE PRESIDENT: Let me tell you something. We believe in making sure people dont get ripped off when they sign up for a mortgage. We believe in making sure that credit card companies treat you fairly. We believe taxpayers shouldnt ever be forced to pay for Wall Streets mistakes. We believe that insurance companies should cover you when youve been paying your premiums. (Applause.) Thats what we believe. Thats the choice in this election. Thats why youve got to elect Mark Dayton governor, because he believes it, too. (Applause.) Whether you care about protecting Social Security, or you care about protecting our environment; whether you care about having an energy policy that can start freeing ourselves from dependence on foreign oil, or you believe in a foreign policy that fosters cooperation among other nations, there is a choice in this election. We know what were fighting for. But right now, the same special interests that weve battled on your behalf, theyre fighting back hard. Mark mentioned that they are spending millions of dollars. They want to roll back the clock. And they are pouring millions of dollars through a network of phony front groups, flooding the airwaves with misleading attack ads, smearing fine public servants like Mark. And thanks to a gigantic loophole, these special interests can spend unlimited amounts without even disclosing where the money is coming from. We dont know where its coming from. We dont know if its from the oil industry. We dont know if its from banks. We dont know if its insurance companies. Could be coming overseas we dont know. They wont tell you. They dont want you to know. They wont stand behind what they do. This isnt just a threat to Democrats. This is a threat to our democracy. Minnesota has always had a tradition of clean, fair elections; a tradition of good government (applause.) And the only way to uphold that tradition, the only way to match their millions of dollars is with millions of voices millions of voices who are ready to finish what we started in 2008. And thats where all of you come in. Thats why all of you have got to get out all of you have to vote. If you are not registered to vote yet, you can walk right now, you can register anytime between now and Election Day. There is no excuse. Because if everybody who fought for change in 2008 votes in 2010, then Mark will win his election. (Applause.) A lot of you got involved in 2008 because you believed we were at a defining moment; that it was a time when the decisions we make now would have an impact across the decades would impact our children and our grandchildren for decades to come. Thats the reason you knocked on doors and you made phone calls and you some of you cast your vote for the very first time because you believed that in America citizens who want to make their country better can make a difference. (Applause.) And you know what I told you then two years ago I told you that change is not easy; power does not give up without a fight. And I understand that some of you since Election Night and Inauguration Day when it was a lot of fun; Beyonc was singing, and Bono, and everybody had their Hope posters, and everything looked like it might be easy. And I warned folks then, this wont be easy. Power concedes nothing without a fight. And so for the last two years we have been grinding it out. We passed health care reform, but it was a hard fight. We passed Wall Street reform, but it was a hard fight. (Applause.) And now maybe some people are feeling discouraged, thinking, boy, this is harder than I expected. And maybe all that work that I did in 2008, maybe it didnt make as much of a difference as I had hoped. But I want everybody here to understand dont let anybody tell you that what you did has not made a difference, that the fight isnt worth it. (Applause.) Because of you because of you, theres somebody in Minnesota right now that, instead of going bankrupt, is able to get treatment for their cancer. Because of you, theres a young person whos going to be able to go to college. Because of you, some small business has stayed open in the depths of a recession. Because of you, there are 100,000 brave young men and women who weve brought home from Iraq. (Applause.) Because of you. Because of you. So dont let them tell you that change isnt possible. Its just hard, thats all. And thats okay. Weve got to earn it. Were just in the first quarter. Weve got a lot more quarters to play. (Applause.) You know, this country was founded on a tough, difficult idea 13 colonies deciding to break off from the most powerful empire on Earth, and then drafting a document a Declaration of Independence that embodied ideas that had never been tried before: We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, endowed by our Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. (Applause.) Thats not an easy idea. And it had to be fought for, inch by inch, year by year. Slowly slaves were freed. Slowly women got the right to vote. (Applause.) Slowly workers got the right to organize. (Applause.) Imagine if our grandparents and our great-grandparents and our great-great-grandparents had said, oh, this is too hard. Folks are saying mean things about us. Im not sure if we can ever get to the promised land. We wouldnt be here today. But they understood that we are tested when we stand up in the face of difficulty; when we stand up in the face of uncertainty; when were unafraid to push forward. Because we know were doing it not just for ourselves, but for future generations. (Applause.) Thats how we came through war and depression. Thats why we have civil rights and womens rights and workers rights. (Applause.) Thats why weve been able to clean up our air and clean up our water. (Applause.) Thats why weve been able to end combat operations in one war. The journey we began together was never about putting me in the White House it was about building a movement for change that endures. (Applause.) Its about understanding that in America anything is possible if were willing to work for it and fight for it, and most of all, believe in it. So I need you to keep fighting. I need you to keep working. And I need you to keep believing. (Applause.) And if you knock on some doors again, if you make some phone calls again, if you talk to your neighbors again, if you go to vote again, then I promise you we wont just win this election, we wont just have Mark as governor, but you and I together, we are going to restore the American Dream for future generations. God bless you. And God bless the United States of America. (Applause.) Obama的竞选纪念章，一个5刀，3个十刀（Dollar） 以下是在网上下载的照片，记者们在前面拍摄的
王 应 宽 2010-10-21 UTC-6 CST UMN, St Paul MN, USA 奥巴马总统本周六将访问明尼苏达大学 本周明尼苏达最大的新闻就是美国总统奥巴马将于本周六（ 10 月 23 日）访问明尼苏达大学（双城校区）。当地各媒体均有报道。 明尼苏达日报（ Minnesota Daily ）的新闻标题为： Obama to be fourth U.S. president to speak at U ( 奥巴马是学校历史上第四位在明尼苏达大学演讲的美国总统 ) 。第一位访问明大的美国总统是 1903 年来访的罗斯福总统（ Teddy Roosevelt ），称赞明大 Gophers 橄榄球队； 8 年后的 1911 年美国第 27 任总统威廉 霍华德 塔夫脱（ William Howard Taft ）访问明大（称赞明大也许是美国最伟大的高校）；再后来是 2002 年乔治 . 布什总统来访（称明大校长 Mark Yudof 是他朋友）。 明尼苏达大学网站报道的标题为： 2010 visit of President Barack Obama to the University of Minnesota 。报道称，明大将热烈欢迎奥巴马总统的来访，大学能有机会迎接总统来访是稀有而独特的荣誉（ a rare and unique honor ），将为学校师生和整个社区提供瞻仰和聆听历史人物的良机。活动将于12:30pm 在大学的 University of Minnesota Field House 举行。学校将做好各方面的欢迎准备，包括卫生和安保工作，届时很多大楼设施和通道将关闭。但总统来访的活动对公众开放且不需要买票，但需要遵守相关的规定,要经过与机场类似的安检（undergo airpot-like security）不准带饮料、包、钝器等，但照相机、摄像机、望远镜等可以携带。到时候看看是否有时间也去凑凑热闹，看看总统老马。周六同时也是学校橄榄球队 Gopher 比赛的日子，校园将非常热闹。 2010 visit of President Barack Obama to the University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota will welcome President Barack Obama to the Twin Cities campus on October 23. The opportunity to host the President of the United States is a rare and unique honor, and will give U students and the entire U community a chance to see and hear a historic figure. The event is scheduled on Northrop Mall. Entrances will open at 12:30 p.m. A Gopher football game is also scheduled for Oct. 23, so campus will be busy. If you plan to attend: All those planning to attend President Barack Obamas Democratic Farmer Labor (DFL) political rally on the University of Minnesota campus on Saturday, October 23 should keep in mind several important logistical details. A map of the East Bank campus is available here . PLEASE NOTE, ALL DETAILS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE. CHECK BACK TO THIS PAGE FOR UPDATES. Entry: The event will be held on Northrop Mall (south of Northrop Memorial Auditorium) on campus. The event is free and open to the public and no tickets are required. The entry gates, located on the north end of Coffman Memorial Union plaza at the start of the small bridges that connect the Coffman plaza to Northrop Mall, will open at 12:30 pm. All who enter will undergo airport-like security including screening by metal detector. The program will last several hours. Carry-in policy: For safety and security reasons, certain items are prohibited, including laptop computers, sharp objects, metal or plastic drink bottles, folding chairs, backpacks and bags or purses larger than a standard sheet of paper. No posters or signs of any size will be permitted inside. No food or drink can be carried in, though refreshments will be available from concession stands on Northrop Mall. Personal cameras, binoculars and video cameras will be permitted inside the event area. For those bringing children, be advised that plastic baby bottles will be allowed, but strollers and outside chairs are prohibited. Prohibited items brought to the entry gate will go into garbage receptacles outside of the security area. (The University of Minnesota does not take responsibility for left items.) Food and beverages : In addition to establishments located off campus, food and beverages can be purchased on campus inside Coffman Memorial Union at Starbucks and Einstein Bros. Bagels from 10 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. These items, however, cannot be brought into the event. Beverages will be available for purchase from concession stands within the event area on Northrop Mall. Parking: With a home football game also scheduled for Oct. 23, daytime parking will be extremely limited. Attendees from the campus and Twin Cities community are strongly encouraged to walk or use public transportation . If you must drive, below are some options for parking, available on a space-available basis. Users will be charged event parking fees. Fairgrounds: All-day access is available at the Grandstand parking lot on the Minnesota State Fairgrounds. A free shuttle bus will be transporting people between there and TCF Bank Stadium all day. West Bank: The 21st or 19th Avenue ramps on the West Bank will also have all-day access. If you park on the West Bank, we recommend that you walk across the Washington Ave. Bridge to the event. East Bank: East River Road Garage, all-day access; Oak Street, Fourth Street, Washington Avenue, and University Avenue ramps, access after 11:30 a.m. Northrop and Church Street Garages will be closed all day. Directions to campus and maps with locations for these ramps can be found here . People with contract parking in U of M facilities will be able to use their parking passes in their home facility after 11:30 a.m. on a space available basis. Football patrons with parking passes may stay in their parking locations throughout the day. Bike parking: There are more than 6,500 bicycle racks and hoops located across campus. Additional bike parking will be available on the Yudof plaza on the south side of Coffman Union on the day of the event. Traffic: Traffic and bus scheduled and routes will be impacted by some street closures prior to and during and after the event. All those traveling in the campus area Saturday afternoon should be prepared for delays. Football shuttle buses will be extended to St. Paul and West Bank stops until approximately 6 p.m. to accommodate event goers. Metro Transit Bus Service: Bus routes serving the U of M campus on weekends include the 2, 3, 6, 16, and 22. Bus schedules will be impacted by road closures prior to and during the event. The event organizers provide detailed bus information here . General Metro Transit bus information can be found here . Transportation updates: If you are attending an unrelated event on campus, check the sponsoring department's website for additional information on possible cancellations, changes to parking or other details. Whenever possible, persons coming to campus on the day of the visit, whether attending the event or not, are encouraged to find alternatives to driving. Be advised that pedestrian and bicycle routes will be detoured around the site. Where possible, detours will be marked with signs. Pedestrians use extra caution while navigating the vehicle congestion on campus. Accessibility Information: Below is information for people with disabilities who would like to attend the event Parking: A limited amount of parking will be available in East River Road Garage. Users will be charged event parking fees. There will be volunteers at the entrance to the garage to assist event goers with accessibility needs. Upon exiting there will also be volunteers in the area that will direct event goers to the site. Event Entrance: When facing the Northrop Mall (the Coffman Student Union will be directly behind you) please enter the line on your left. This side of the walking bridge that extends over Washington Avenue does not have steps and will allow for easier access into the event. Accessibility Inside: There will be a designated area within the event for those with any special needs, including a sign language interpreter. Access to the area will be directed by volunteers. Those needing access to this area will be able to have one guest accompany them. Building closure: The following buildings will be closed from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Saturday, October 23 Ford Hall Johnston Hall Kolthoff Hall Morrill Hall Nicholson Hall Northrop Pillsbury Hall Smith Hall Tate Lab of Physics Vincent Hall/Murphy Hall Walter Library Wesbrook Hall In addition to the buildings that are closed, access to several other buildings near Northrop Mall will be limited. Buildings on the west side of Pleasant Street -- Science Teaching and Student Services (STSS), Appleby Hall, Fraser Hall, Wulling Hall and Scott Hall -- will be open but will only be accessible by entrances on the west side of the buildings. Similarly, buildings on the east side of Church Street -- Amundson Hall, Lind Hall, Mechanical Engineering, and Rapson Hall will also be open but will only be accessible by entrances on the east side of the buildings. A map of the Northrop Mall area is available here . Media Credentialing: All media must be credentialed for the event. Credentialing is being handled by the event organizers. Questions can be directed to Kristin Sosanie (651-251-6315, ksosanie@dfl.org ). Note: This is a political event. The University of Minnesota is pleased to be the venue for the event, however, it does not endorse political candidates or campaigns. Information about the event itself including accessibility-specifics can be found here . U of M News Service press release Further information about event Presidential visit history Background Information
据10月12日美国CNN报道，奥巴马政府实施暂停深水石油钻探。 Obama administration lifts deepwater drilling moratorium The Obama administration is lifting the moratorium on deepwater oil drilling that was put in place after the Gulf oil disaster, ????Interior Secretary Ken Salazar said Tuesday. Salazar and the new head of the government agency overseeing offshore drilling, Michael Bromwich, were scheduled to hold a 1 p.m. news conference on the issue. Salazar suspended certain deepwater drilling activities on July 12 under the premise that certain deepwater drilling posed a threat to the marine, coastal, and human environment. Since then, Salazarhas determined that deepwater oil and gas drilling can resume provided that operators certify compliance with all existing rules and requirements, including those that recently went into effect, the Department of Interior said ina press release. Members of industry must also demonstrate the availability of adequate blowout containment resources, the department said. We have more work to do in our reform agenda, but at this point we believe the strengthened safety measures we have implemented, along with improved spill response and blowout containment capabilities, have reduced risks to a point where operators who play by the rules and clear the higher bar can be allowed to resume, Salazar said. The oil and gas industry will be operating under tighter rules, stronger oversight, and in a regulatory environment that will remain dynamic as we continue to build on the reforms we have already implemented. Salazar reached the decision after reviewing a report by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement Director Michael Bromwich and considering other information on the progress of offshore oil and gas safety reforms, availability of spill response resources, and improved blowout containment capabilities, the agency said. In his decision today, Secretary Salazar directs BOEM to require the following before approving deepwater drilling: Members of industry must be subject to written and enforceable obligations that ensure containment resources are immediately available in the event of a deepwater blowout, regardless of the company or operator involved. The Department of the Interior has a process underway regarding the establishment of a mechanism relating to the availability of blowout containment resources, and Secretary Salazar said he expects that this mechanism will be implemented in the near future. The CEO of each operator seeking to perform deepwater drilling certify to BOEM that the operator has complied with all regulations, including the new drilling safety rules. Read the full story on CNN.com.
教你科学使用安全套 科学使用安全套的十六个细节： 1.每次性行为前，必须用一个新的胶质安全套。 2.避孕套有不同的规格，应根据阴茎勃起时的大小选择适当型号，如太大会脱落在阴道内，太小则被挤破使精液流入阴道内。 3.使用前应查看生产日期和有效期，过期的避孕套已经变质，容易破裂，不宜使用。 4.避孕套必须保存在阴凉、干燥和不接触酸、碱、油的环境中。如接触上述条件后变得发粘、发脆，即使在保质期内也不应再使用。 5.小心撕开独立密封的包装袋，避免用剪刀一类的利器。 6.必须在性交开始前戴上。 7.套上龟头前应捏瘪避孕套顶端供贮存精液用的小气囊，以防止气囊中的空气遇热膨胀，促使射精时精液向阴茎根部溢出。 8.保留安全套前端的空间。 9.避孕套不宜事先展开，而应在勃起的阴茎头上自龟头部分顺势向下展开。 10.保证安全套套住整个阴茎。 11.避孕套只能使用水基润滑剂。凡士林、液体石蜡、搽脸油、食油等均可在短时间内增加避孕套的脆性，加速其破裂。 12.避孕套如在使用中发现裂孔或滑脱，只更换避孕套仍是不安全的，应该立刻停止性交，使用消毒剂清洗生殖器。 13.射精后应在阴茎疲软前以手指按住避孕套底部连同阴茎一起抽出。 14.取下避孕套时不可让精液流出，也不要让避孕套外面的阴道分泌物接触身体。每个避孕套只能使用一次，用过的避孕套应装入塑料袋扔进垃圾筒。 15.取下避孕套的手指不可能不同时接触精液和阴道分泌物，因此性行为后不能再用手抚摸女性器官，必须立刻在流动水下用肥皂水洗手。 16.如果出现精液进入阴道内情况，马上采用紧急避孕法。 【附1】基本使用步骤 1 Put the condom on the tip of the erect penis 2 Roll the condom slowly on your penis. 3 During sex take care the condom doesn'ttears off 4 As soon as you ejaculate, take your penisout of vagina before it gets flaccid (soft) 5 Take off your condom as show in the figure. 6 Dispose off your used condom safely. 【附2】使用要点
http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/ZVcIZGHXgS0 Obama: if over billion chinese Citizens have the same Living Patterns as Austrialian and American right now,then all of us willbe in a very miserable time,this planet just can't stand it. 视频连接在上面 ??愤青的话我就不说了，明天有个报告要完成，没时间展开讨论。简单说几句： 1，资本市场全球化了，但利益永远是有国界的。目前的情况是，资本从发达国家向发展中国家流动，利润则反过来。改革开放30年，中国不再缺资本了。 2， 美国以5%的人口消耗着20%以上的资源，如果占世界人口25%的中国人以美国人的消费方式生活，那地球是得爆炸，这是大实话。不过为什么美国人不能降低资源消费量呢？典型的只准州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 3，奥巴马的意思：中国发展符合美国利益，美国不反对中国发展，只是中国领导人要想出经济发展的新模式，不能以损害环境消耗资源为代价（此处以资源消耗总量为标准）。我看除了减慢发展，别无他法。中国世界工厂的名号可不是盖的。见附录。 4，总量和人均的争锋，去年哥本哈根气候变化大会，我们已经见识过很多。奥黑的意思，实质就是，我们支持中国发展，不过中国这么多人，人均虽然不高，但如果他们资源消耗总量向我们靠拢的话，我们也会不高兴的。 5，，德国总理默克尔把食品价格飞涨的原因，归结为发展中国家十分不健全的农业政策。比如，现在有三亿印度人一天吃两顿饭，默克尔说，和以前相比突然间双倍的食物被消耗掉，再加上十亿中国人开始喝牛奶，这当然会改变我们的牛奶和其它（食品）的消费比例。怪不得前一段时间，有德国人问我，你们中国人也喝牛奶么？当时我很奇怪，现在算是明白了。（ http://www.tianya.cn/New/PublicForum/Content.asp?strItem=freeidArticle=1200409 ） 附录： 2009年中国工业数据汇总 不愧是世界工厂，不过今年2010年1-2月份的情况更加令人恐怖: 粗钢产量同比增长25.4%;水泥产量同比增长26.5%;电解铝产量同比增长45.6%;汽车产量同比增长92.4%;造船完工量同比增长1.68倍，新接订单达同比增长7.67倍;手机产量同比增长29.7%;彩电产量同比增长68.6%;微机产量同比增长41.3%;纱产量同比增长26.6%;布产量同比增长51.2%！ 2009年数据简单的分为了4类，欢迎补充。 一、基础工业数据： 1、 粗钢产量：5.68亿吨，占世界份额的46.6%，超过第2-第20名的总和; 2、 钢材产量：6.96亿吨;超过世界50%。 3、 水泥产量：16.3亿吨，超过世界份额的50%; 4、电解铝产量：1285万吨，达到世界份额的60%; 5、精炼铜产量;413万吨，达到世界份额的25%;进口430万吨，消费铜超过800万吨，达到世界精铜产量的50%; 6、 煤炭产量：30.50亿吨，占世界份额的45%; 7、 原油产量：1.89亿吨;进口2.04亿吨，消费量占世界份额 的11%; 8、 乙烯产量：1066万吨，世界第二（第一的是美国，与老美还有差距），当量消费2200万吨，自给率约为50%; 9、 化肥产量：6600万吨，占世界份额的35%; 10、 塑料产量：4479.3万吨; 二、基础设施数据： 1、新增装机容量8970万千瓦，总装机容量达到8.6亿千瓦（美国为10亿千瓦）; 2、新建高速公路4719公里，总里程达到6.5万公里（美国9万公里），09年新开工1.6万公里; 3、新增公路通车里程9.8万公里（含高速），农村公路新改建里程38.1万公里; 4、铁路投产新线5557公里，其中客运专线2319公里;投产复线4129公里;营业总里程达8.6万公里（仅次于美国）;09年新开工1.2万公里; 三、工业产品数据： 1、 汽车产量1379万辆，占世界份额的25%，世界第一; 2、 造船完工量4243万载重吨，占世界份额的34.8%;新接订单2600万载重吨，占世界份额的61.6%; 手持订单18817万载重吨，占世界份额的38.5%; 3、 微机产量1.82亿台，占世界份额的60%; 4、 彩电产量9899万台，占世界份额的48%; 5、 冰箱产量5930万台，占世界份额的60%; 6、 空调产量8078万台，占世界份额的70%; 7、洗衣机产量4935万台，占世界份额的40%; 8、微波炉产量6038万台，占世界份额的70%; 9、 手机产量6.19亿部，占世界份额的50%; 四、轻工产品： 1、纱产量2393.5万吨，占世界份额的46%; 2、布产量740亿米; 3、化纤产量2730万吨，占世界份额的57%; 其他： 黄金产量：313.98吨，世界第一; 玻璃产量：5.8亿重量箱，占世界份额的50%;
各位挚爱着遇难矿工的家属，各位居住在蒙库尔和诺玛、或者怀特威尔、在煤山河谷直到整个西弗吉尼亚的遇难矿工的朋友、同事、邻居，首先，请容许我告诉你们：在矿难发生后的这些艰难日子里，我们一直与你们一起为死难者哀悼。我们与你们一起伤心，我们挂念着住进医院康复和呆在家里休养的幸存者们。我们感激各支救援队伍。是的，我们与你们一起伤心。 我们在此悼念二十九位美国人：卡尔阿蔻德、杰森阿特金斯、克里斯托夫贝尔、格利高里史蒂夫布罗克、肯尼斯艾伦查普曼、罗伯特克拉克、查尔斯褆莫西戴维斯、考瑞戴维斯、迈克尔李埃尔斯维克、威廉I.格里菲斯、史蒂芬哈拉、爱德华迪恩琼斯、理查德K.莱恩、威廉姆罗斯福林奇、尼古拉斯达瑞尔麦考罗斯基、乔马尔克姆、罗纳德李梅诺尔、詹姆斯E.姆尼、亚当凯斯摩根、雷克斯L.姆林斯、乔什S纳皮尔、霍华德D.佩恩、迪拉德厄尔波辛格、乔尔R.普莱斯、迪华德斯科特、加里考拉斯、格罗佛戴尔斯金斯、本尼威灵汉姆以及里奇沃克曼。 今天的所有悼词，不管来自我本人，还是副总统，还是州长，都无法修复你们因丧亲之痛而破碎的心灵，也无法弥补逝者离去在你们未来人生中留下的缺憾。如果我们试图寻找一丝慰藉，也许只有求助于天父的慈容。主平静我们焦虑的头脑，修复我们破碎的内心，安抚我们悲伤的魂灵。 在我们哀悼二十九位逝者时，我们不由得追忆他们的艰辛生活。在工作日，4点半，最迟5点，天还没有亮，他们便要起床开始一天的工作。他们身穿工作服，脚蹬硬头靴，头戴安全帽，默默地乘坐矿道缆车，历经一小时的行程，来到离地面五英里远的矿山深处。他们只能见到自己头顶的矿灯发出的光线或者矿道缆车上的暗淡的灯光。 他们日复一日地在煤矿深处挖掘着，他们的劳动果实变成了电力，正在照亮我们的追悼会场，也在平常的日子里照亮我们的教堂、我们的家园、我们的学校和我们的办公室。这些能源驱动着美国，也驱动着世界！而我们，我们对这一切早已安之若素，习以为常。 绝大多数日子里，他们能从黑暗的矿井探出头，眯眼盯着阳光。绝大多数日子里，他们能从矿井里出来，一身臭汗和尘垢。绝大多数日子里，他们能够回家。但是那一天除外。 这些男人，这些丈夫、父亲、祖父、弟兄、儿子、叔父、侄子，在他们做这份工作时，不是不知道其中的危险。他们中有些人曾经历工伤，有些人见过朋友受伤。他们当然知道做矿工有危险，他们的家人也心知肚明。他们心里明白，在自己上工前夜，孩子们会为他们祈祷。他们心里也明白，妻子们一定会等着自己换班结束后打电话，报平安。他们心里更明白，父母双亲一定会为每一条电视上的突发新闻字幕，每一次广播中的紧急插播而担惊受怕。 但他们还是义无反顾地离开家园，来到矿里。他们有些人从小就期待着成为矿工；他们期待踏着父辈乃至祖辈的足迹。然而，他们中没有一个人仅仅是为了自己而做矿工。 逝者在地层深处历经磨难，从事着艰辛的劳作，全都是为了自己的家庭，全都是为了你们啊！为了你们这些在坐的亲属有车可驾，有屋可居；为了给自己的孩子创造出机会，尽管他们已经无缘亲眼看见；也为了与配偶共享退休时光。这些艰辛的劳作都是为了更好生活的希望。所以说，这些矿工是为了圆自己的美国梦而生，也是为了圆自己的美国梦而死。 在矿上，为了各自的家人，他们自己变成了一个大家庭。他们一起分享彼此的生日，一起看橄榄球或者篮球休息放松，一起打猎或是钓鱼消磨时光。他们的一个姐妹告诉我，可能他们中不是每个人都喜欢做这些事，但他们却喜欢一道去做这些事。他们喜欢像一家人一样去做这些事。他们喜欢像一个集体一样去做这些事。 这是一种精神，有一首几乎每个美国人都耳熟能详的歌反映了这种精神。但是，我想，可能大家都会感到惊讶，这首歌竟然是一个矿工的儿子写的，他写的就是这个贝克利小镇，写的就是西弗吉尼亚人民。这首歌，《靠着我》，是一首友谊的颂歌，也是一首集体的的颂歌，一首团结的的颂歌。 在灾难发生后几分钟，几小时，几天，这个集体被外界关注了。救援人员冒着生命危险在充满沼气和一氧化碳的狭窄地道里搜寻，抱着一线希望去发现哪怕一位幸存者。朋友们打开了自家门廊的灯守灵，悬挂起自制的标语，标语上写着，为我们的矿工和他们的家人祈祷。矿区的邻居们相互安慰，相互支持，相互依靠。 我亲眼目睹了，目睹了矿工集体的力量。在灾后的几天里，电子邮件和普通信函不断涌入白宫。邮件来自全国各地，用的常常是一样的开头：我很骄傲来自一个矿工的家庭。我是一名矿工的儿子。我很自豪能成为一名矿工的女儿。他们都很自豪，他们让我多为矿工着想，为他们祈祷。他们说，永远别忘了，矿工照亮着美国。而后，他们在来信中还提出了一个简单的请求：不要让这种灾难再次发生。对，一定不要让灾难再次发生。 我们怎能有负于遇难的矿工？一个依赖矿工的国家怎么能不竭尽全力去保护他们？在这个国家，我们怎能容忍任何个人冒着生命危险去工作，去追寻美国之梦？ 我们没法让二十九位遇难者死而复生。他们此刻与主同在。我们还活在地球上，我们的职责就是从下一次这样的灾难中拯救生命。每个人各自努力再加上大家齐心协力，我们一定要尽职尽责以确保井下安全。我们一定要像矿工们互相对待一样去对待他们，视如家人。因为我们都是一家人，我们都是美国人。我们必须要互相依靠，互相照顾，互相爱护，互相祝愿。 今天，我想起一首圣歌，一首在我们伤心时总会想起的圣歌。 我虽穿行在死神笼罩的幽谷，但我无惧邪恶，因你与我同在。 你的牧杖，还有你的策竿，都在引导着我。 上帝保佑我们的矿工! 上帝保佑他们的家人! 上帝保佑西弗吉尼亚! 上帝保佑美利坚合众国! 附言：因为发现网上流传的奥巴马悼词译文有多处纰漏，甚至新闻标题就来自对原文的误译，例如《 东方早报 》的新闻标题 奥巴马悼矿工: 我们国家怎能容忍为工作付出生命？ 就完全不是奥巴马本意，奥巴马这句话的东方早报译文，我们的国家怎能容忍人们仅因工作就付出生命；难道仅仅是因为他们追求美国梦吗？，听着很漂亮，但纯属谎言！如果这句话是真实可靠的，那他的保镖，在阿富汗，伊拉克以及一切危险岗位上work的美国人将一哄而散！ 奥巴马很狡猾，他的上一句，How can a nation that relies on its miners not do everything in its power to protect them ? 用国家作主语，没后后患。 而这一句，打死他也不敢用国家作主语，因为阿富汗，伊拉克的士兵据此就可以申请还乡，堵着门儿骂小布什的阵亡士兵的老妈也会闻风而动，卷土重来。 任何国家的首脑都不敢说这一句话：我们的国家怎能容忍人们仅因工作就付出生命？ 理由很简单，每个国家都有危险的工作，必须有人去做。 因此，把这一句翻译成我们的国家怎能容忍人们仅因工作就付出生命；难道仅仅是因为他们追求美国梦吗？是重大的翻译乌龙，却引起我们不少网友拍手叫好，奥巴马如果有知，情何以堪呀。 因此，五一节期间自己动手翻译了一下，有关宗教的部分请南京大学小百合版版友指点了一下，错谬之处，自负其责，敬请科学网网友赐教。 版权所有，盗用必究，引用中文版请注明译者为南京大学李俊 英汉对照翻译： http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/blogcon?userid=HigherQM2007file=1272780571
Were here to memorialize 29 Americans:Carl Acord.Jason Atkins.Christopher Bell.Gregory Steven Brock.Kenneth Allan Chapman.Robert Clark.Charles Timothy Davis.Cory Davis.Michael Lee Elswick.William I. Griffith.Steven Harrah.Edward Dean Jones.Richard K. Lane. William Roosevelt Lynch.Nicholas Darrell McCroskey.Joe Marcum.Ronald Lee Maynor. James E. Mooney.Adam Keith Morgan.Rex L. Mullins.Joshua S. Napper.Howard D. Payne.Dillard Earl Persinger.Joel R. Price.Deward Scott.Gary Quarles.Grover Dale Skeens.Benny Willingham.And Ricky Workman. 我们在这里，怀念29位美国人： 卡尔阿克德、杰森阿金斯、克里斯多佛贝尔、格利高里史蒂夫布洛克、肯尼斯艾伦查普曼、罗伯特克拉克、查尔斯蒂莫西戴维斯、克里戴维斯、迈克尔李埃尔斯维克、威廉I.格里菲斯、史蒂芬哈拉、爱德华迪恩琼斯、理查德.K.雷恩、威廉姆.罗斯威尔特.林奇、尼古拉斯.达利尔.麦考斯基、乔.马克姆、罗纳德.李.梅尔、詹姆斯.E.姆尼、亚当.基斯.摩根、雷克斯.L.姆林斯、乔什.S.纳皮尔、霍华德.D.佩恩、迪拉德.厄尔.波辛格、乔尔.R.普莱斯、迪华德.斯科特、加里.考拉斯、格罗佛.戴尔.斯金斯、本尼.威灵汉姆以及里奇沃克曼。 Nothing I, or the Vice President, or the Governor, none of the speakers here today, nothing we say can fill the hole they leave in your hearts, or the absence that they leave in your lives.If any comfort can be found, it can, perhaps, be found by seeking the face of God -- (applause) -- who quiets our troubled minds, a God who mends our broken hearts, a God who eases our mourning souls. 无论我、副总统、州长，或是今天致悼词的任何一个人，都不能说出任何话语，可以填补你们因痛失亲人心中的创伤。如果有任何可以找得到的安慰，也许只能从上帝那里寻找得到，上帝安慰我们痛苦的头脑，修复破碎的心，减轻我们哀痛的内心。 Even as we mourn 29 lives lost, we also remember 29 lives lived.Up at 4:30 a.m., 5:00 in the morning at the latest, they began their day, as they worked, in darkness.In coveralls and hard-toe boots, a hardhat over their heads, they would sit quietly for their hour-long journey, five miles into a mountain, the only light the lamp on their caps, or the glow from the mantrip they rode in. Day after day, they would burrow into the coal, the fruits of their labor, what so often we take for granted:the electricity that lights up a convention center; that lights up our church or our home, our school, our office; the energy that powers our country; the energy that powers the world.(Applause.) 尽管我们在哀悼这29条逝去的生命，我们同样也要纪念这29条曾活在世间的生命。凌晨4点半起床，最迟5点，他们就开始一天的 生活 ，他们在黑暗中工作。穿着工作服和硬头靴，头戴安全帽，静坐着开始一小时的征程，去到五英里远的矿井，唯一的灯光是从他们头戴的安全帽上发出的，或是进入时矿山沿途的光线。 日以继夜，他们挖掘煤炭，这也是他们劳动的果实，我们对此却不以为然：这照亮一个会议中心的电能；点亮我们教堂或家园、学校、办公室的灯光；让我们国家运转的能源；让 世界 维持的能源。 And most days theyd emerge from the dark mine, squinting at the light.Most days, theyd emerge, sweaty and dirty and dusted from coal.Most days, theyd come home.But not that day. These men - these husbands, fathers, grandfathers, brothers sons, uncles, nephews - they did not take on their job unaware of the perils.Some of them had already been injured; some of them had seen a friend get hurt.So they understood there were risks.And their families did, too.They knew their kids would say a prayer at night before they left.They knew their wives would wait for a call when their shift ended saying everything was okay.They knew their parents felt a pang of fear every time a breaking news alert came on, or the radio cut in. But they left for the mines anyway - some, having waited all their lives to be miners; having longed to follow in the footsteps of their fathers and their grandfathers.And yet, none of them did it for themselves alone. 大多时候，他们从黑暗的矿里探出头，眯眼盯着光亮。大多时候，他们从矿里探出身，满是汗水和尘垢。大多时候，他们能够回家。但不是那天。 这些人，这些丈夫、父亲、祖父、弟兄、儿子、叔父、侄子，他们从事这份工作时，并没有忽视其中的风险。他们中的一些已经负伤，一些人眼见 朋友 受伤。所以，他们知道有风险。他们的家人也知道。他们知道，在自己去矿上之前， 孩子 会在夜晚祈祷。他们知道妻子在焦急等待自己的电话，通报今天的任务完成，一切安好。他们知道，每有紧急新闻播出，或是广播被突然切断，他们的父母会感到莫大的恐惧。 但他们还是离开家园，来到矿里。一些人毕生期盼成为矿工；他们期待步入父辈走过的道路。然而，他们并不是为自己做出的选择。 All that hard work, all that hardship, all the time spent underground, it was all for the families.It was all for you.For a car in the driveway, a roof overhead.For a chance to give their kids opportunities that they would never know, and enjoy retirement with their spouses.It was all in the hopes of something better.And so these miners lived - as they died - in pursuit of the American Dream. 这艰险的工作，其中巨大的艰辛，在地下度过的时光，都为了家人。都是为了你们；也为了在路上行进中的汽车，为了头顶上天花板的灯光；为了能给孩子的未来一个机会，日后享受与伴侣的退休生活。这都是期冀能有更好的生活。所以，这些矿工的生活就是追寻美国梦，他们也因此丧命。 There, in the mines, for their families, they became a family themselves - sharing birthdays, relaxing together, watching Mountaineers football or basketball together, spending days off together, hunting or fishing.They may not have always loved what they did, said a sister, but they loved doing it together.They loved doing it as a family.They loved doing it as a community. Thats a spirit thats reflected in a song that almost every American knows.But its a song most people, I think, would be surprised was actually written by a coal miners son about this town, Beckley, about the people of West Virginia.Its the song, Lean on Me - an anthem of friendship, but also an anthem of community, of coming together. 在矿里，为了他们的家人，他们自己组成了家庭：庆祝彼此的生日，一同休憩，一同看橄榄球或篮球，一同消磨时间，打猎或是钓鱼。他们可能不总是喜欢这些事情，但他们喜欢一起去完成。他们喜欢像一个家庭那样去做这些事。他们喜欢像一个社区一样去做这些事。 这也是美国人熟知的一首歌里表达的精神。我想，让大多数人惊讶的是这首歌实际是一名矿工的儿子所写，关于贝克利这个小镇的，关于西弗吉尼亚人民的。这首歌曲， 靠着我 （Lean on Me）是关于友谊的赞歌，但也是关于社区关于一同相聚的赞歌。 That community was revealed for all to see in the minutes, and hours, and days after the tragedy. Rescuers, risking their own safety, scouring narrow tunnels saturated with methane and carbon monoxide, hoping against hope they might find a survivor. Friends keeping porch lights on in a nightly vigil; hanging up homemade signs that read, Pray for our miners, and their families. Neighbors consoling each other, and supporting each other and leaning on one another. Ive seen it, the strength of that community. In the days that followed the disaster, emails and letters poured into the White House. Postmarked from different places across the country, they often began the same way: I am proud to be from a family of miners. I am the son of a coal miner. I am proud to be a coal miners daughter. (Applause.) They were always proud, and they asked me to keep our miners in my thoughts, in my prayers. Never forget, they say, miners keep Americas lights on. (Applause.) And then in these letters, they make a simpleplea: Dont let this happen again. (Applause.) Don't let this happen again. How can we fail them? How can a nation that relies on its miners not do everything in its power to protect them? How can we let anyone in this country put their lives at risk by simply showing up to work; by simply pursuing the American Dream? We cannot bring back the 29 men we lost. They are with the Lord now. Our task, here on Earth, is to save lives from being lost in another such tragedy; to do what must do, individually and collectively, to assure safe conditions underground -- (applause) -- to treat our miners like they treat each other -- like a family. (Applause.) Because we are all family and we are all Americans. (Applause.) And we have to lean on one another, and look out for one another, and love one another, and pray for one another. Theres a psalm that comes to mind today - a psalm that comes to mind, a psalm we often turn to in times of heartache.Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for You are with me; your rod and your staff, they comfort me. God bless our miners.(Applause.)God bless their families.God bless West Virginia.(Applause.)And God bless the United States of America.(Applause.) 灾难发生的几分钟，几小时，几日之后，这个社区终被外界关注。搜救者，冒着风险在充满沼气和一氧化碳的狭窄地道里搜寻，抱着一线希望去发现一位幸存者。朋友们打开门廊的灯守夜；悬挂自制的标语上写着，为我们的矿工和他们的家人祈祷。邻居们彼此安慰，相扶相依。 我看到了，这就是社区的力量。在灾难随后的几天，电子邮件和信件涌入白宫。邮戳来自全国各地，人们通常都是同一开头：我很骄傲来自一个矿工的家庭。我是一名矿工的儿子。我很自豪能成为一名矿工的女人。他们都感到自豪，他们让我关护我们的矿工，为他们祈祷。他们说，不要忘了，矿工维持着美国的光亮。在这些信件里，他们提出一个很小的要求：不要让这样的事再发生。不要让这事情再发生。 我们怎忍让他们失望？一个依赖矿工的国家怎能不尽全力履行职责保护他们？我们的国家怎能容忍人们仅因工作就付出生命；难道仅仅是因为他们追求美国梦吗？ 我们不能让29条逝去的生命回来。他们此刻与主同在。我们在这里的任务，就是防止有生命再在这样的悲剧中逝去。去做我们必须做的，无论个人或是集体，去确保矿下的安全，向他们对待彼此那样对待我们的矿工，如同一家人。因为我们是一家人，我们都是美国人。我们必须要彼此依靠，守望彼此，爱护彼此，为彼此祈福祈祷。 今天，我想起一首圣歌，在我们心痛时会想起这首歌。我虽行过死荫的幽谷，但心无所惧，因你与我同在。你的杖，你的竿，都在安慰我。 上帝保佑我们的矿工！上帝保佑他们的家人！上帝保佑西弗吉尼亚！上帝保佑美国！
孔子家谱应包括奥巴马 原载 世界著名科普杂志《科学美国人 (Scientific American) 》的中文版《环球科学》 2009 年第 4 期 前几年，曾有报道提出，英国牛津大学的基因专家能用 Y 染色体鉴定成吉思汗的直系后裔。那么，中国的基因专家们为什么不用 Y 染色体鉴定孔子后裔呢？ DNA 鉴定技术已广泛应用于个体识别、亲子鉴定、种族认定，其中以亲子鉴定最为普及。但 DNA 鉴定也有特定应用范围，只能在满足特定条件的情况下才适用。 DNA 鉴定最突出的特点就是否定容易肯定难（甚至不可能）。例如在鉴别父权时，得出否定结论相对简单，但单纯依赖 DNA 鉴定技术确定父权在理论上是不可能的，因为我们永远无法证明，除了那位正在接受检验的父亲外，世界上是否还存在另一个人，能给予孩子同样的一组特殊的标记等位基因（参见科学出版社 2007 年出版的《人类分子遗传学》第 631 页）。 因此，利用 Y 染色体来确定一个族群（非个人）的血缘关系、追踪人类的起源进化是有可能的，但绝不能用于鉴定某个特定历史人物的所谓直系后裔。 其实，前述报道所讲的成吉思汗，只是 13 世纪部分蒙古人的总称，并非专指成吉思汗本人。当年，中国人口超过 5,000 万，与成吉思汗拥有完全相同 Y 染色体的大有人在（至少，成吉思汗不可能没有任何同姓的男性近亲和远亲），他们的后裔与成吉思汗的后裔靠 Y 染色体是无法区分的。该报道也只是推测，这一Ｙ染色体源于一个生活在 13 世纪初的男子。 一个生活在 13 世纪早期的男子仅是一个十分抽象的假想对象，他只可能属于一个相当庞大的群体，根本无法证明是成吉思汗本人。该文作者也称，研究的目的是说明人类种族之间本是紧密联系的，不存在任何纯种种族，各种族之间是平等的，没有高下之分。可见作者的目的原本比传说的要高尚得多，根本不是为了寻根问祖（参见《环球科学》 2006 年第 7 期《基因寻根》）。 报道提及成吉思汗的原因，是由于原文有一个推测基础上的推测：成吉思汗生于 1162 年左右，死于 1227 年，在蒙古大军横扫欧洲大陆的过程中，他拥有数百甚至数千名子孙。因此，他最可能是这一相同染色体的来源。原文中的他最可能是，在新闻报道和人们的传说中往往变成了他就是。 在能用 Y 染色体来鉴定成吉思汗的直系后裔这句话中，如果不将成吉思汗理解成群体而是成吉思汗本人，真理马上就变成了谬误。国内曾有相关专业人士称：如果可以顺利建立孔子后裔 DNA 数据库，那么孔子后人认祖将会非常简单。这位专业人士可能就是错误理解了成吉思汗的含义。 同样，对孔子个人的后裔进行 DNA 鉴定也是不可能的，道理再简单不过：孔姓有多个分支，当时姓孔的男性当然不止孔子一个，他们都可能与孔子有相同的 Y 染色体。就拿孔子的亲属来说，孔子的直系先辈多代都是贵族，其中大量男性亲戚都拥有与孔子完全相同的 Y 染色体，再加上当时盛行一夫多妻制，他们会繁衍出大量后裔，因此要根据 Y 染色体将如此多男性亲戚的后裔与孔子的后裔区分开，当然是不可能的。 从 Y 染色体携带的遗传信息量来说，它也无法用于鉴定某位历史人物的直系后裔。 Y 染色体是人体染色体中最短的（长度只有 X 染色体的 1/3 ），包含的遗传信息非常少，正逐渐退化，且大多数序列无实质功能，被称为遗传垃圾场。最初， Y 染色体包含约 1,500 个基因，目前只剩 78 个，其中一部分还与 X 染色体有关，可发生交换，真正较稳定且有功能的基因更是所剩无几，这些少数功能基因基本上只与男性特征有关。女性没有 Y 染色体也生活得很好，由此看出在功能方面， Y 染色体的重要性也很有限。 当今世界，全球人口快速流动，不同种族之间婚配的障碍越来越少，人类基因大融合的速度和规模与日俱增。既然连不同民族间的差异都会变得越来越小，人们心目中姓氏的概念不可避免地会越来越淡化。 黑人奥巴马新当选美国总统便是对血统论致命的一击。当年，黑人曾被归为劣等民族，但如今黑人当上了世界上最强大国家的总统。奥巴马的父亲是肯尼亚黑人，母亲是美国白人。奥巴马沿父系仅上溯 10 代，就应该有约 1,000 个肯尼亚黑人祖先，以这 1,000 个黑人祖先为起点再回头向下追踪，又会有多少黑人与奥巴马是远房亲戚？同理，奥巴马在美国又有多少白人和其他有色人种的远房亲戚？亲戚的亲戚又有多少亲戚？奥巴马的这个扩大的家谱该如何书写？理论上，只要耐心地不断追踪，到最后，不仅所有的美国人和肯尼亚人，甚至全世界的任何人都可能是奥巴马的远房亲戚，包括所有的孔子后裔。 在遗传学家看来，不包括奥巴马总统的孔子家谱是不完整的，在修订孔子家谱时出现这样重大的疏忽也是完全不可接受的。 作者简介：严家新，中国医药集团总公司武汉生物制品研究所基因工程室研究员、博士生导师，主要研究方向为病毒的分子生物学和分子进化论，以及狂犬病毒新型疫苗和诊断技术。
【转载】一位中国网民致美国总统奥巴马的信 一位中国网民致美国总统奥巴马的信 尊敬的总统先生： 素闻您非常在意网民的声音，也注意到您去年11月首次访问中国时还特意要求与网民对话，回答他们的关切和问题。总统先生对普通网民声音的重视让像我这样的网民深受鼓舞，这也是我冒昧给您写这封信的重要原因，因为我是一名普通的中国网民，而且我想谈的事情也正是这些天中国网民非常关切的由您宣布的对台军售问题。所以，我真诚地希望您能看到我的这封信，听到一位普通中国网民对国家民族统一与和平安定的向往。 记得您去年11月在上海与中国青年对话时说过这么一段话：所以21世纪的实力不在零和游戏，一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。这就是我们为什么不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反，我们欢迎中国作为一个国际社会的强大的、繁荣的、成功的成员。您在竞选期间多次呼吁change，所以您的这番不寻求遏制中国的明确表态当时确实让我感受到了您在中美关系上change的诚意，至少我当时首先想到的是：您所领导的政府肯定不会如您的某些前任那样，在事关中国国家统一的台湾问题上让中国难受，因为中国老百姓太珍惜目前来之不易的台海和平局面了。 令我感到遗憾的是，离开上海才两个月，您不寻求遏制中国、我的政府全面支持一个中国政策的承诺里就增添了对台军售的奇怪内容。我不知道是我错了--您根本就没有change，还是您change得太快，快得我这个与您一样有着强烈民族自豪感的人还没来得及憧憬您的承诺可能给海峡两岸中国人带来何种和平与安宁。当然，我不希望是我错了，也不希望是您change得太快，因为无论是不change还是太擅长change，都与当初带着hope入主白宫的奥巴马总统形象不太相称。 一直以来都非常仰慕您雄辩的口才，真希望您能在百忙中抽空给您去年面对的中国青年、中国网民再来一次精彩演说，解释一下您对他们、对中国的承诺到底有没有change？不过在此要提醒一下，我们不需要美国国务院最近所称的对台军售有利于台海安全与稳定这种多少有点侮辱人类智商的解释。道理很简单：国家分裂势力手中的武器越精良，他们分裂国家的冲动就越强烈，就如美国南北战争期间南方叛军得到英国军舰援助后就更加敢于藐视林肯总统所领导的联邦政府一样。 总统先生，在您按着1861年林肯用过的《圣经》宣誓成为美国第44任总统时，不少人都将您视为林肯第二，有媒体还历数您与林肯总统有哪些共同点：出身贫寒、才华横溢、能言善辩等等，您也在自传《无畏的希望》一书中毫不掩饰您是林肯的超级粉丝。但无论您和林肯总统有多少相似点，从我这个普通中国人的角度来看，你们有着本质上的不同：林肯总统有过民族分裂的锥心之痛，有过对外部势力干涉国家统一的刻骨之恨！而这些您都没有！ 总统先生，您知识渊博，一定还记得美国南北战争期间的特伦特号事件。面对当时大英帝国的蛮横霸道，在举国上下誓言与英国干涉军血战之时，林肯总统忍辱负重，满足了英国的无理要求，释放了南方叛军向英国派遣的求援特使。但当时林肯总统也对自己的人民说：这是一颗难以吞咽的苦药丸，但我感到宽慰的是，英国在这件事上的胜利是暂时的，等到我们胜利地结束这场战争之后，我们将会变得非常强大，现在它让我们难堪，到时候我们将和它算总账。 总统先生，您是否知道，您现在宣布对台军售干涉中国的国家统一，也是在逼中国人民吞咽一颗难以吞咽的苦药丸？您是否想过，中国领导人也完全有理由说出您的偶像--林肯总统当年曾说过的那番话：现在它让我们难堪，到时候我们将和它算总账？！ 此致 敬礼 一个来自环球网论坛的中国网民：LTML 2010年2月2日 转载自： http://bbs.huanqiu.com/zongluntianxia/thread-309897-1-1.html 英文版： Letter from a Chinese web user to US President Barack Obama Dear Mr President: Ive heard that you care for the voices of web users. Ive also noticed that you requested a direct dialogue with web users to answer their questions and concerns during your visit to China last November. Your attention to web users has encouraged me to write to you. I am an ordinary web user from China. What I want to talk to you about is the US arms sale to Taiwan, which has raised a heated discussion on the Internet in China. I sincerely hope this letter reaches you, and that you would be able to hear the voice of an ordinary Chinese web user and his wishes for reunification and peace and his nation. In your speech to Chinese youth in Shanghai you said, the strength of the 21st century is not a zero-sum game, the success of a country to another country should not sacrifice the cost. This is why we do not seek to contain China's rise. On the contrary, we welcome to the international community, China, as a strong, prosperous and successful member. You have called for changes during your election campaign; so I think your words on not seek to contain Chinas rise shows your sincerity in making some changes in Sino-US relations. The first thing that comes to mind is that the US government under you, unlike your predecessors, will not annoy China on Chinas reunification and the Taiwan Question, as the Chinese nationals really appreciate the current peaceful cross-Straits relationship. However, two months after you left Shanghai, your promise not seek to contain Chinas rise and my administration fully supports a one-China policy is weirdly mingled with your decision to sell arms to Taiwan. I am not sure if I have interpreted you wrongly. Either you have not changed, or you have changed so fast that I do not even have the time to picture what great peace and happiness your promise would bring to the people across the Taiwan Straits. Of course, I hope I am not wrong in understanding your promise, and you are not changing fast. Because a president who brings hope into the White House, is not expected to change nothing or change too fast. I enjoyed your speech and admired your speaking skills. I really wish you could meet the Chinese youth and the Chinese web users, and explain whether your promise to them or to China has changed. But Id like to add a note here. We do not need lame explanations like arms sale to Taiwan is good for security across the Taiwan Straits, because it is an insult to our intelligence if we believe in such excuses. It is a simple fact that for the separatists, the more advanced their equipments is, the more they would want to split from the nation. In the American Civil War, the southern rebels were even crazier in their fight with the Federal government under Abraham Lincoln after they received military support from Britain. Mr President, when you first put your hands on the Bible that Abraham Lincoln once used and vowed to be the 44th president of the United States, many people called you Lincoln the second. There are even people in media counting the similarities between you and Lincoln: you are both from an ordinary family, and both have brilliant talent and eloquence. You also said you are a fan of Lincoln in your autobiography, The Audacity of Hope. But no matter how many similarities you and Abraham Lincoln might have, I, as an ordinary Chinese, think you have one deep-rooted difference. The difference is that President Lincoln had suffered from the splitting pains of his nation, and bore hatred for the external power that intervened to split his nation; but you did not. Mr President, you are a knowledgeable man. You must have remembered the Trent Affair during the American Civil War, where President Lincoln bit the bullet and met the unreasonable demands of the British to release the special envoys the southern rebels sent to Britain. However, during that time, Lincoln told his people that was a pretty bitter pill to swallow, but I contented myself with believing that England's triumph in the matter would be short-lived, and that after ending our war successfully we could if we wished call England to account for the embarrassments she had inflicted upon us. Mr President, do you know that you are compelling Chinese people to swallow a bitter pill by selling arms to Taiwan and interfering in the reunification of China? Has it occurred to you that the leaders in China might have spoken the same words your idol, Abraham Lincoln once said, that we wished (to) call America to account for the embarrassments she had inflicted upon us? Yours sincerely, LTML A Chinese web user from bbs.huanqiu.com Feb. 2, 2010
《大胆希望》（Audacity of Hope）是美国总统候选人巴拉克奥巴马（Barack Obama）2006年出版的，被看作是他2008年竞选总统的宣言。此书曾在2006年在《纽约时报》畅销榜非小说类上排名第三。 奥巴马是美国政坛上的新星。他在2000年竞选国会议员未果，但以其独特的个人魅力和谈吐初露锋芒。2004年他在民主党全国大会上发言，正式登上全国政治舞台。同年，他以70%的选票在伊利诺州当选为参议员。这次他在民主党总统候选人初选中的表现，更是有目共睹的了。但是他这本书，却不免使我联想起江湖药品的广告。 所谓江湖药品，其特点就是没有权威的认定，没有科学的疗效评判。为了吸引顾客，这些广告通常采用以下的策略。首先，要提供顾客治病的动力。通常，这些药所治的都是大家或多或少都有的病，但目前没有正规的有效疗法的，如过敏，更年期，癌症等等。广告会对 病症作出科学表述，例如更年期症状是由于激素水平变化引起的，衰老是由于细胞机能衰退等等，一方面让读者感到有治疗的希望：了解是解决的第一步。另一方面又让读者产生一个错觉：因为这一段是科学的表述（虽然是众所周知的），所以整个广告都是有科学基础的。接下去，就会推出革命性的新药。如何证明这是好药呢？一个办法是用一些标签，如纯粹天然，基于最新科研成果等。另一个办法是与权威联系起来，如某某诺贝尔奖得主支持，某某宇航员爱用，某某演员用了效果很好。由于读者的联想习惯，就从认可这些权威和标签进而认可了所推销的药了。 《大胆希望》这本书，也是采取类似的策略。文中首先列举了美国目前的种种弊端，特别是华盛顿政治圈中的问题。作为一个新科参议员，作者以自己的经验和观察抨击了国会在运作，选举和募款等方面的种种问题，的确发人深省。这些问题并非他首先发现（例如，可参考Faith and Politics by John Danforth），但他的描述确有入木三分的功力。对于美国社会，作者也列举了种种问题，如种族间的机会不平等仍然存在，贫富差别愈演愈烈，全球化对工人阶层带来损害，教育体制问题重重，影响到美国未来的竞争力等等。这部分可称全书的精华，确实是发人深省。读者自然会认为，能把问题看得如此透彻的人，一定有解决的办法了。 遗憾的是，《大胆希望》并没有提出什么有吸引力的药方。在有些问题上，作者采取中间立场，既呼吁帮助少数民族（主要是黑人），又说这样不会影响白人的机会和利益。既反对保守派的家庭价值把妇女关在家里，又反对自由派女权主义，认为抚养孩子也是有价值的工作。在其他问题上，作者更没有明确的对策。但这并不影响作者利用希望，改变，热情等标签，暗示读者把他与这些问题的解决联系在一起。 另一个联想的工具，是自传性的包装。这本书中，奥巴马经常引述自己的经历。这既提供了独特的视角，又增加了亲切感，是本书的一大特色。但是有不少自我描写，其实与主题关系不大，而是包装的一部分。例如他对自己家庭的描写，多次提到和孩子在一起的时光，和太太相亲相爱的镜头等。这些对于表述或支持他对家庭，妇女问题的立场都没有作用。另一方面，让读者看到他是一个珍惜家庭，爱妻爱子女的好人，自然会增加对他的认同和信任。这和江湖药品广告中说发明者是某某名人的后代一样，没有逻辑的意义，但是有强大的联想功能。 所以，我们从《大胆希望》这本书，可以很好地借鉴奥巴马的自我推销技艺，也可以对他加深一层认识。但是，就象江湖广告并不表明那个药是假药一样，我们也不能从奥巴马的推销中断定他是有名无实。以后，我将试图为大家仔细分析奥巴马的政见，看看他是不是真的是希望的象征。 【作者注：这是首发于2008年6月的旧文。当时奥巴马刚刚赢得民主党总统候选人的资格。在奥巴马总统就任一周年之际，回顾他的政绩重温这篇旧文，却也不无意义。】
下面是转自新浪博客一任群芳妒的博客文章（有调整）： 10 月9日，挪威诺贝尔奖委员会(Nobel Committee)宣布授予奥巴马总统2009年度诺贝尔和平奖。奥巴马获悉后发表讲话。以下是奥巴马9日在白宫玫瑰园讲话的全文译文。 早上好。我没有料到今早醒来是这样。在我接到消息后，玛莉娅（Malia）走进来说：爸爸，你获诺贝尔奖了，而今天是波（Bo，小狗的名字译注）的生日！ 萨夏（Sasha）接着说：还有，我们就要过三天长周末了。所以，有孩子帮助保持清醒是好事。 诺贝尔奖委员会的决定令我既惊讶又深受感动。我要说明：我不认为这是表彰我个人的成就，而是对为实现所有国家人民的愿望发挥美国带头作用的肯定。 坦率地说，我认为自己没有资格跻身于获此殊荣的众多变革者之列是那些男女志士对和平的勇敢追求激励了我和整个世界。 但我也知道，这个奖反映出这些男女志士及全体美国人民都想建立的那种世界一个将我国建国纲领的承诺变为现实的世界。我知道，诺贝尔和平奖在历史上从来不是仅用来表彰具体的成就，而是也被作为一种给一系列事业增添动力的手段。因此，我将把接受这个奖视为行动的召唤一个呼吁所有国家迎接21世纪共同挑战的行动召唤。 这些挑战无法由任何一位领袖或任何一个国家应对。因此，本届政府致力于创建一个交往接触的新时代一个所有国家必须为我们所向往的世界承担责任的时代。 我们不能容忍一个核武器向更多国家扩散的世界，不能容忍一个核武大屠杀的恐怖危及更多人民的世界。正因为如此，我们已经开始为争取实现没有核武器世界而采取具体步骤，因为，虽然所有国家都有和平利用核能的权利，但所有国家也都有责任表明他们的和平意图。 我们不能让气候变化构成的威胁日益增长埋下冲突与饥荒的祸种，摧毁海岸线，城市萧疏给我们将传予子孙后代的世界造成永久性破坏。因此，我们所有国家必须承担各自的责任，改变我们使用能源的方式。 我们不能让民族间的差异来界定看待彼此的方式，因此，我们必须在不同信仰、种族和宗教的人民之间谋求一个新开端，一个以互利和互尊为基础的开端。 我们必须竭尽全力解决多少年来导致无数创痛与苦难的冲突，这一努力必须包括坚定不移地致力于最后实现所有以色列人和巴勒斯坦人在各自国家平安生活的权利。 我们不能容许一个使更多人被剥夺机会与尊严的世界这种人人渴望的机会与尊严体现在，能够受教育，能够过像样的生活；享有安全感，不在疾病或暴力恐怖的威胁下无望过活。 即便在努力寻求一个和平解决冲突，共享繁荣的世界的同时，我们也必须面对今天我们眼前的世界。我是一国之最高统帅，而这个国家有责任结束一场战争并在另一战场抗击直接威胁美国人民和盟国的无情的敌人。 我也清楚，我们正在应对导致数百万美国人待业求职的全球性经济危机的冲击。这些是我必须为美国人民的利益每天迎战的问题。 我们面临的一些工作不可能在我的任期内完成。有些工作，例如全部销毁核武器，可能在我的有生之年也不会完成。 但我深信，只要我们认识到这些挑战不可能由一个人或一个国家来独自应对，则最终问题会得到解决。这份奖励针对的并非仅是本届政府的努力，而是全世界人民作出的无畏努力。 因此，这份奖励必须由为正义和尊严而奋斗的每一个人分享其中包括为争取自己的发言权，甘冒遭受毒打和枪击的危险默默上街游行的年轻妇女；包括因拒绝放弃追求民主而被软禁家中的领袖；包括为了地球他方的人而牺牲自己，一次次奔赴战场的士兵；包括那些在世界各地为了和平事业贡献出自己的安全、自由甚至生命的所有男女人士。这一直是美国的事业，一直是世界对美国瞩以厚望的原因，也是我认为美国将继续走在最前列的原因。 Good morning. Well, this is not how I expected to wake up this morning. After I received the news, Malia walked in and said, Daddy, you won the Nobel Peace Prize, and it is Bo's birthday. And then Sasha added, Plus, we have a three-day weekend coming up. So it's -- it's good to have kids to keep things in perspective. I am both surprised and deeply humbled by the decision of the Nobel Committee. Let me be clear, I do not view it as a recognition of my own accomplishments, but rather as an affirmation of American leadership on behalf of aspirations held by people in all nations. To be honest, I do not feel that I deserve to be in the company of so many of the transformative figures who've been honored by this prize, men and women who've inspired me and inspired the entire world through their courageous pursuit of peace. But I also know that this prize reflects the kind of world that those men and women and all Americans want to build, a world that gives life to the promise of our founding documents. And I know that throughout history the Nobel Peace Prize has not just been used to honor specific achievement; it's also been used as a means to give momentum to a set of causes.And that is why I will accept this award as a call to action, a call for all nations to confront the common challenges of the 21st century. Now, these challenges can't be met by any one leader or any one nation. And that's why my administration's worked to establish a new era of engagement in which all nations must take responsibility for the world we seek. We cannot tolerate a world in which nuclear weapons spread to more nations and in which the terror of a nuclear holocaust endangers more people. And that's why we've begun to take concrete steps to pursue a world without nuclear weapons: because all nations have the right to pursue peaceful nuclear power, but all nations have the responsibility to demonstrate their peaceful intentions. We cannot accept the growing threat posed by climate change, which could forever damage the world that we pass on to our children, sowing conflict and famine, destroying coastlines and emptying cities.And that's why all nations must now accept their share of responsibility for transforming the way that we use energy. We can't allow the differences between peoples to define the way that we see one another. And that's why we must pursue a new beginning among people of different faiths and races and religions, one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect. And we must all do our part to resolve those conflicts that have caused so much pain and hardship over so many years. And that effort must include an unwavering commitment to finally realize that -- the rights of all Israelis and Palestinians to live in peace and security in nations of their own. We can't accept a world in which more people are denied opportunity and dignity that all people yearn for: the ability to get an education and make a decent living, the security that you won't have to live in fear of disease or violence without hope for the future. And even as we strive to seek a world in which conflicts are resolved peacefully and prosperity is widely shared, we have to confront the world as we know it today. I am the commander in chief of a country that's responsible for ending a war and working in another theater to confront a ruthless adversary that directly threatens the American people and our allies. I'm also aware that we are dealing with the impact of a global economic crisis that has left millions of Americans looking for work. These are concerns that I confront every day on behalf of the American people. Some of the work confronting us will not be completed during my presidency. Some, like the elimination of nuclear weapons, may not be completed in my lifetime. But I know these challenges can be met, so long as it's recognized that they will not be met by one person or one nation alone. This award is not simply about the efforts of my administration; it's about the courageous efforts of people around the world. And that's why this award must be shared with everyone who strives for justice and dignity; for the young woman who marches silently in the streets on behalf of her right to be heard, even in the face of beatings and bullets; for the leader imprisoned in her own home because she refuses to abandon her commitment to democracy; for the soldier who sacrificed through tour after tour of duty on behalf of someone half a world away; and for all those men and women across the world who sacrifice their safety and their freedom and sometime their lives for the cause of peace. That has always been the cause of America. That's why the world has always looked to America. And that's why I believe America will continue to lead. Thank you very much！
Chinese President Hu Jintao, right, welcomes President Obama in Beijing on Tuesday http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/11/17/obama.china/index.html\ 很惊讶记者能够抓住如此精彩的瞬间。我看后久久无法释怀！ 来者不善：奥巴马昂首挺胸，头抬得老高，但却用眼角的余光盯着胡哥，心中的算盘扒得咚咚响. 沉着应对：胡哥为奥巴马引路，目光却落在奥巴马脸上。随时想吃透奥巴马的内心世界！
美国总统奥巴马在上海演讲 （包括提问） 美国总统；奥巴马；上海；演讲词；英文全文 The White House Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Remarks by President Barack Obama at Town Hall Meeting with Future Chinese Leaders Museum of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China November 16, 2009 http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-town-hall-meeting-with-future-chinese-leaders 1:18 P.M. CST PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon. It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you. I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome. I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations. I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good. (Laughter.) What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman. And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue. This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past. Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future. The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries. Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people. However, America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence. In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China. This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial. Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions. And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so. And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation. A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis. The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success -- because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed. As one American player described his visit to China -- " people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different." Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979. And in three decades, just look at how far we have come. In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion -- today it tops over $400 billion each year. The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry. This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life. And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity. In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union. Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time -- economic recovery and the development of clean energy; stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe. All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu. And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited. Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors. The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students. There are nearly 200 "friendship cities" drawing our communities together. American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery. And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting. It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty -- an accomplishment unparalleled in human history -- while playing a larger role in global events. And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion. There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know the future." Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years. Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not when we consider the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure. We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect. And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding -- on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out -- we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways. I believe that each country must chart its own course. China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture. The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy. Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles -- that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights; that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes; that commerce should be open, information freely accessible; and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice. Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters. In many ways -- over many years -- we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union. We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery. It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced. Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights. None of this was easy. But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms. That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" could long endure. That is why Dr. Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed. That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to all who would work for it; and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President. And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world. We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation. These freedoms of expression and worship -- of access to information and political participation -- we believe are universal rights. They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities -- whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation. Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries; our respect for different cultures; our commitment to international law; and our faith in the future. These are all things that you should know about America. I also know that we have much to learn about China. Looking around at this magnificent city -- and looking around this room -- I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future. Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements. For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's. In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research -- a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure y ou build to the technology you use. China is now the world's largest Internet user -- which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event. This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change -- and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow. But above all, I see China's future in you -- young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century. I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things are shared. And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game; one country's success need not come at the expense of another. And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise. On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations -- a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you. To return to the proverb -- consider the past. We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide. That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations. And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people -- in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play. And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America. That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000. And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century. And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people. For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written. So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world. And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward. So thank you very much. And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you. Thank you very much. (Applause.) --------------------------------- So -- I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings. And what we're going to do is I will just -- if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy. So let me begin, though, by seeing -- and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then -- so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair. All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front. Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. And what's your name? Q My name is (inaudible) and I am a student from Fudan University. Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges. So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year. Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question. I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago -- my home town -- that he's visited there twice. And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities. One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint. And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China. But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well. So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies. We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail. In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other. I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor. And so I would love to attend. I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S. pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here. So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting. Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city. So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai. Thank you. (Applause.) Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case -- Q First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes. Q I want to pose a question from the Internet. I want to thank you, Mr. President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China . I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States? (Applause.) PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had several meetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have had consultations about a wide range of issues. But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States. In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you -- these are all highlights -- but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree. So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change . The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm. Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China. On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population. So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it. There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations -- obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States -- but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases. So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting -- a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership. Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. They will watch to see what we do. And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues. Okay? (Applause.) All right, it's a -- I think it must be a boy's turn now. Right? So I'll call on this young man right here. Q (As translated.) Mr. President, good afternoon. I'm from Tongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: "It is always good to have a friend coming from afar." In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences. China advocates a harmonious world. We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity . I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future? PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point. The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture. We have people coming from all around the world. And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like. In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya; I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States; my sister is half-Indonesian; she's married to a Chinese person from Canada. So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations. (Laughter.) And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society. Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries. I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture. So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights -- that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past. That's a universal value. I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women. I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well. I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women. And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't. So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world. And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out. Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that. But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values. And we -- and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make. If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values. Okay? All right. We're going to take a question from the Internet. Q Hello, Mr. President. It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well. So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose -- continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried. I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer. So I would like to know if, Mr. President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question. Thank you. (Applause.) PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China. We don't want to change that policy and that approach. I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of -- and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues. One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved. We always think that's the better course. And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born. Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I prefer to look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place -- there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology. And I think that that's starting to hap pen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay? Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on, let's get -- whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here. I'll call on you next. Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later. Go ahead. Q Thank you. PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later. But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards. Go ahead. Q Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University . I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace. In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to -- more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you -- will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. That was an excellent question. I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. Obviously it's a great honor. I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize. All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world. And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote. In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job. (Laughter.) And so you -- there's a saying -- I don't know if there's a similar saying in China -- we have a saying: " You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it." And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it. I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world. It's not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are -- date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years. In many parts of the world -- let's say, in the continent of Africa -- there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve. And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people. And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence. Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples -- through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures. And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace. Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage. And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place. We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do; that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us. That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world. (Applause.) Okay. All right? Jon -- I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S. press corps so that -- AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right. And not surprisingly, "in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?" And second, "should we be able to use Twitter freely" -- is the question. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter. I noticed that young people -- they're very busy with all these electronics. My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone. But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable. They can begin to think for themselves. That generates new ideas. It encourages creativity. And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use . I'm a big supporter of non-censorship. This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions. I can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet -- or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged. Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freely because then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time. I think people naturally are -- when they're in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or -- but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear. It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States. And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation . In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially , nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters; we didn't have the most powerful political brokers. But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies. And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well. Now, that's not just true in -- for government and politics. It's also true for business. You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was -- less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you. It was a science project. And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist. So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter. The more open we are, the more we can communicate. And it also helps to draw the world together. Think about -- when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha -- one is 11, one is 8 -- from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai. They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about. And that's just an enormous power that they have. And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about. Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology. It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that. But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness. And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum. Okay? I'm going to take two more questions. And the next one is from a gentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here's the microphone. Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset. (Laughter.) And here comes my question. My name is (inaudible) from Fudan University School of Management. And I would like to ask you the question -- is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect. I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that -- how you struggled to get it. And what's your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don't know if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize. (Laughter.) So I can't guarantee that. But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following. Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard. You're curious. You're willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself. You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom. Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service ; some of you might want to be teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople. But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions -- "Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts? -- those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest. The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves. So they want to make a contribution to society. They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives. I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and -- all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition. They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world. And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you've been working. All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately. We've run out of time so quickly. Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here. Q Mr. President, it's a great honor for the last question. And I'm a college student from Fudan University, and today I'm also the representative of China's Youth (inaudible.) And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much. PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question. Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians. And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands -- a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon -- and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose an extraordinary threat. Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks. Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing -- one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield. I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home. And it is a great weight on me. It gives me a heavy heart. Fortunately, our Armed Services is -- the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go. And I think that it is possible -- working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia -- to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left. But it's a difficult task. It's not easy. And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not just a military exercise. We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers. And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option. And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope. That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take. Okay? All right, I have had a wonderful time. I am so grateful to all of you. First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English. Clearly you've been studying very hard. And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations. I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States. You will be welcome. I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China. And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world. So thank you very much everybody. Thank you. (Applause.) END 2:08 P.M. CST
奥巴马总统美国东部时间10月23日中午在MIT访问期间有很多花絮。有支持清洁能源的，有反战的，什么声音都有。没有人喊口号，没有骚乱，只是静静的打着标语。。。。。想让总统知道（出于安全因素可惜看不见），想让世人知道他们的想法。。。警察自始至终没有干预。。。这就是美国的自由。下面是博主拍摄的一些花絮，大家欣赏。 奥巴马总统在进入会场（转载） 不知道是抗议还是欢迎 The President at MIT 点击左边按钮播放 .
奥巴马总统演讲视频网址 http://amps-web.mit.edu/public/amps/webcast/2009/obama-2009oct23/ MIT校长Susan主持会议（转载） 奥巴马走上讲台（转载） 奥巴马总统演讲电视照片（博主拍摄） 奥巴马总统演讲电视照片（博主拍摄） 在MIT主楼大厅教室收看演讲实况的学生们（博主拍摄） 在4-237教室收看演讲实况（博主拍摄） 在26-100教室收看演讲实况的老师和学生们（博主拍摄） 如此多的人都没有办法进入会场（博主拍摄） 尽管看不见奥巴马总统，但是和他也就不到100米的距离了（博主拍摄） 奥巴马总统10月23日（美国东部时间）中午在参观MIT部分实验室后12点30分在MIT的Kresge Auditorium 发表了大约30分钟的讲演，主要内容是美国在清洁能源中的领导作用。Kresge Auditorium 大约能容纳1000左右听众，MIT的教职员工大约有200张票，普通人员就没有办法目睹奥巴马的风采了。不过MIT设了很多报告厅和教室大屏幕电视现场直播演讲实况，MIT网站上也同时直播演讲内容。奥巴马总统的来访日几乎成了MIT的节日，难得见到那么多人出来。 MIT校内新闻如下（转载） President Barack Obama, in a historic visit to the MIT campus, praised the Institute's commitment to energy research and issued a strong call for the nation to lead the world in the development of new, efficient and clean energy technologies. Nations everywhere are racing to develop new ways to produce and use energy, he said in remarks delivered to a packed Kresge Auditorium. The nation that wins this competition will be the nation that leads the global economy. I'm convinced of that. And I want America to be that nation. Before delivering his speech on American leadership in clean energy, the President was escorted by MIT President Susan Hockfield and MIT Energy Initiative Director Ernest Moniz on a tour of MIT laboratories conducting energy research. Extraordinary research being conducted at this Institute, Obama said, citing work that could lead to windows that generate electricity, batteries that are grown by viruses rather than being built, highly efficient new lighting systems and ways of storing energy from offshore windmills so that it can be delivered when needed. You just get excited being here, and seeing these extraordinary young people, he said. It taps into something essential about America, he said, asserting that the nation has always been about discovery. It's in our DNA. 'Heirs to a legacy of innovation' Obama's talk came as Congress gears up for hearings on clean energy legislation and as negotiators from around the world prepare for December's U.N. climate talks in Copenhagen. The President said that the clean-energy research he saw in the labs is a reminder that all of you are heirs to a legacy of innovation, not just here but across America, that has improved our health and our well being and helped us achieve unparalleled prosperity. But Obama indicated that this prosperity was in jeopardy, threatened in part by the very force that drives it. The system of energy that powers our economy also undermines our security and endangers our planet, he said. Discussing energy legislation that is presently working its way through the U.S. Congress with some bipartisan support, including a bill jointly sponsored by Republican Senator Lindsay Graham and Democratic Senator John Kerry, the President said he believed a consensus was growing. We are seeing a convergence, he said. The naysayers, the folks who would pretend that this is not an issue, they are being marginalized. But, he added, the closer we get, the harder the opposition will fight. Young people, he said, understand that this is the challenge of their generation. Indeed, Forgan McIntosh, co-president of the MIT Energy Club and an MBA student at the MIT Sloan School of Management, said before the event that he hoped the President would use his occasion to jump-start progress on redefining Washington's role in the energy sector and its leadership position in the global race for clean energy competitiveness. Reached after the speech, McIntosh said he was not disappointed. The President used his speech to express a solid commitment to leading the global clean energy race for both economic and climate concerns, he said. 'The go-to place' President Obama's visit to MIT was only the second in the Institute's history by a sitting president, following President Bill Clinton's appearance for a Commencement address in 1998. This was the first such visit to include a tour of laboratories and meetings with MIT faculty members. After taking the stage in Kresge, Obama began his talk with a few quips about MIT, initially describing it as the most prestigious school in Cambridge Massachusetts. The graduate of Harvard Law School quickly backtracked, adding, well, in this part of Cambridge. Then, referring to MIT's tradition of hacks, he said I might be here for a while a bunch of engineering students put my motorcade on top of Building 10. Following the speech, Moniz said Obama was truly thrilled with the work he saw and the scale of the commitment he saw here. Robert Armstrong, deputy director of the MIT Energy Initiative, said the fact that the President chose to come here for this talk illustrates the fact that MIT is becoming the go-to place for work on clean energy. Hockfield, in her remarks before the President's talk, said that President Obama has articulated a powerful vision for restoring economic growth, creating jobs and counteracting climate change by investing aggressively in clean energy research and development. Hockfield hailed the historic significance of the visit, saying the fact that President Obama has come to MIT to talk about America's potential to lead in clean energy is a tribute to the groundbreaking work of our faculty and students, including many in this room. She added that we share President Obama's view that clean energy is the defining challenge of this era. To meet the doubling of global energy demand by 2050; to drive new patents, new products, new industries and new jobs, and to mitigate climate change, clean energy is the only avenue. Chancellor Phillip L. Clay said that the President's visit signals that the administration understands the very important leadership contribution that MIT is making on the energy problem, and shows the President's commitment to applying science and technology to solving problems such as energy. Personally, he said, I'm just so pleased and proud there's no place on my body left to pinch. 奥巴马总统参观MIT实验室 President Barack Obama commended MIT for its extraordinary energy research and urged America to take leadership in cleaner technologies in a speech today at Kresge Auditorium. This is the nation that has led the world for two centuries in the pursuit of discovery. This is the nation that will lead the clean energy economy of tomorrow, Obama said to a crowd of about 750, including over 200 students and faculty. Obama singled out innovation as the solution to Americas challenges. He talked of a peaceful competition with other countries to develop alternative sources of energy. The nation that wins this competition will be the nation that leads the global economy. I am convinced of that. And I want America to be that nation, he said. He pointed out that the Recovery Act, or stimulus bill, is already leading the U.S. in the direction of green jobs and research. The act provides the largest single boost in scientific research in history, he said. The law also sets aside $80 billion dollars for creating jobs in alternative energy and energy efficiency. For Americans this investment acts not just help to end this recession, but to lay a new foundation for lasting prosperity, he said. Obama also advocated for the Senate climate change bill, which would cap greenhouse gas emissions and transform our energy system into one thats far more efficient, far cleaner. Obama Visits Bldg. 13 Before the speech, President Susan J. Hockfield and MIT Energy Initiative director Ernest J. Moniz led Obama on a tour of several laboratories focusing on clean energy and technology. Obama saw presentations on high-powered, virus-assembled batteries from Professors Angela M. Belcher and Paula T. Hammond 84; quantum dot LED lights from Professor Vladmir Bulovic; offshore wind turbines from Professor Alexander H. Slocum 82; and solar cell concentrators from Professor Marc A. Baldo. Hes just a warm, friendly human being. Slocum said. Ive met plenty of plastic politicians. Obama is just real. Crowds gather, Obama cracks jokes Obama arrived at Kresge shortly after 12:30 p.m. Cecilia R. Louis 10, a member of the Chorallaries, sang the national anthem. Both Hockfield and Moniz gave brief opening comments. Moniz praised Obamas commitment to integrating sound science and critical analysis. Obama began his speech with a light jab at his alma mater. Its always been a dream of mine to visit the most prestigious school in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he said to laughter and cheers. After a pause, he added hold on a second certainly the most prestigious school in this part of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Most students did not get tickets, but many still gathered near Kresge to try and catch a glimpse of the President. A few people also showed up to protest, drawing attention to human rights violations, the Afghanistan war, healthcare reform, and abortion. When Obamas motorcade came down Memorial Drive around 12:30 p.m., there were screams and pointing as the crowd ran down Mass. Ave. to see the procession. Later, in Kresge, Obama would return the enthusiastic greeting. You just get excited being here and seeing these extraordinary young people and the extraordinary leadership of Professor Hockfield because it taps into something essential about America its the legacy of daring men and women who put their talents and their efforts into the pursuit of discovery. Obama spoke for about 20 minutes, then came down from the podium to shake hands with MIT faculty and students. He left promptly after 1 p.m. to attend a $500-a-head fundraiser for Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick. 早在今年3月奥巴马总统和MIT校长Susan Hockfield 就清洁能源研究问题共同发表讲话 网址 http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/hockfield-whitehouse-0323.html startUp();
奥巴马总统10月23日中午12点（美国东部时间）将在MIT做题为美国在清洁能源中的领导作用的演讲。MIT正在紧锣密鼓的准备之中。演讲的地点在著名的kresge Auditorium。按照惯例23日中午前后MIT附近的交通会有所紧张。MIT在网站上告诉师生员工座位比较紧张，希望大家谅解！我看看到时候有没有运气了，请大家关注我的跟踪报道。2009年3月奥巴马总统在白宫和MIT校长Susan Hockfield共同敦促大力推动清洁能源的研究资助，博主曾经做过相关报道（ http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=222389 ）。 MIT网站上打出的奥巴马总统演讲的通知 地图中红A指示的是奥巴马总统演讲的具体位置 空中俯瞰奥巴马总统发表演讲的 kresge 礼堂 kresge 礼堂全景图 奥巴马访问期间至MIT成员的一封信： President Barack Obama will visit MIT on Friday, Oct. 23. Details of the event were described in an e-mail sent this evening to the MIT community from Kirk Kolenbrander, MIT's Vice President for Institute Affairs and Secretary of the Corporation. The letter follows It is my great pleasure to announce that on Friday, October 23, President Barack Obama will be visiting MIT, where he will deliver an address in Kresge Auditorium on clean energy after meeting some of the MIT faculty and students whose work centers on energy. The President will be joined by Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick. President Obamas decision to speak about energy from our campus is a high honor and one that can truly be shared by the entire MIT community. Students, faculty and staff at the Institute are helping to frame the national policy debate on energy, push the frontiers of energy research, and revitalize energy education. With our flagship energy initiative MITEI MIT is bringing real-world solutions to the most challenging problems in energy. President Obama and President Hockfield both believe that the leading minds in science and technology must bring their talent squarely to bear on creating transformational energy solutions. We are thrilled to see MIT recognized as central to that historic effort. 奥巴马总统演讲期间媒体记者注意事项： TO RSVP: Members of the media who wish to cover the visit should contact the White House Office of Media Affairs details here: www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/MediaRSVPMITRemarks10-23-09/ NOTE: All names submitted for credentials must be accurate and reflect the identification media presents at the check point. WHEN: Friday, Oct. 23. Press check in: 10-11 a.m.; Program: 12 p.m. WHERE: Kresge Auditorium , 48 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Mass. (Note: This is directly across from the main MIT entrance at 77 Massachusetts Ave. See map here. ) FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: Patti Richards, MIT News Office, 617.253.8923; prichards@mit.edu 访问过MIT的前美国总统如下： Harry Truman was scheduled to speak here while he was in office at MIT's mid-century convocation, but canceled the appearance because he was afraid he would be upstaged by the appearance of former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. He did appear for a speech years later, in 1956 , as an ex-president. Franklin Roosevelt made an appearance at MIT long before his presidency, in 1916, for the dedication of MIT's campus, when he was assistant secretary of the Navy. George H. W. Bush appeared at MIT in 1981, to address the annual dinner meeting of the MIT Sustaining Fellows in DuPont gymnasium, when he was vice-president. John F. Kennedy made a taped appearance, which was played during MIT's centennial celebrations in 1961. There is an unconfirmed report that Calvin Coolidge visited MIT and drank tea at Walker Memorial, but no information about when this might have taken place. 从 Main MIT entrance at 77 Massachusetts Ave看 Kresge Auditorium MIT将开放多个教室提供有限电视和网上直播（10月22日早上消息）
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/index.html The Nobel Peace Prize 2009 for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples Photo: Pete Souza, Obama-Biden Transition Project, licensed by Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Barack Obama USA 44th President of the United States of America b. 1961 http://news.163.com/09/1009/17/5L6T6PCB0001121M.html 中国日报网环球在线消息：据美国媒体报道，10月9日诺贝尔基金会宣布美国总统奥巴马因其在促进国际外交和各国合作的卓越贡献获得2009年诺贝尔和平奖。 很少有人能做到奥巴马那样，吸引全世界的目光，并给人们带来更美好未来的希望，诺贝尔评奖委员会表示，奥巴马的外交建立在这样的概念上，即那些想要领导世界的人，必须在以世界上大多数人所分享的价值观与态度的基础上行事。 评奖委员会表示，他们对奥巴马在推动无核化世界上的努力，给予了特别关注。奥巴马为国际政治带来了新气象。多边外交重新赢得青睐，联合国及其它国际机构的作用得到了充分重视，评委会认为。 不过中国社科院国际问题专家、评论员叶海林却认为这个奖项颁给奥巴马是个笑话，他说诺贝尔和平奖本是为奖励作出重大贡献的人而非即将作出重大贡献的人。或许奥巴马应该感谢小布什，因为自小布什以后，如果美国领导人不再放出狠话，那么就可以获得和平奖。但是其实奥巴马并没有真正改善阿富汗的、中东的局势，没有对世界和平作出真正的贡献。 奥巴马得了和平奖可能从另一方面说明，欧洲人有多渴望美国改变其态度，和平奖颁给奥巴马或许为了鼓励美国领导人继续做出正确的事情。 奥巴马是美国历史上第三位在职期间获得和平奖的总统，在他之前美国总统罗斯福获得1906年诺贝尔和平奖，美国总统威尔逊获得1919年的诺贝尔和平奖。 奥巴马呼吁核裁军获诺贝尔和平奖 2009-10-09 18:12:42 来源: 中国网 跟贴 19 条 手机看新闻 核心提示：10月9日美国总统奥巴马因为世界和平所做的工作，以及呼吁削减世界核武库而赢得2009年诺贝尔和平奖。上个月，奥巴马主持召开了一次具有历史意义的联合国安理会大会，史上首次核不扩散和核裁军大会，并通过了美国提出的无核武世界决议案。 中国网10月9日电 据路透社报道，10月9日美国总统奥巴马因为世界和平所做的工作，以及呼吁削减世界核武库而赢得2009年诺贝尔和平奖。 挪威诺贝尔委员会称赞奥巴马为加强世界外交和世界人民合作做出了非凡的努力。奥巴马是美国历史上首位非洲裔总统，在今年1月份上台后，他呼吁削减核武库，并致力于重启陷入僵局的中东和平进程。 挪威诺贝尔委员会在颁奖词中称，很少有人能像奥巴马这样引起全世界关注，让人们期望更美好的未来。 奥巴马获奖距他上任不到9个月的时间。尽管制订了很宏大的计划，但是他在中东局势或者伊朗核问题上仍没有取得任何突破，在阿富汗战争上面临着艰难抉择。 上个月，奥巴马主持召开了一次具有历史意义的联合国安理会大会，史上首次核不扩散和核裁军大会，并通过了美国提出的无核武世界决议案。 奥巴马是最近十年间第三为获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国民主党政要。前副总统戈尔2007年和联合国气候变化小组共同获得诺贝尔和平奖，前总统吉米-卡特2002年获得诺贝尔和平奖。 按照传统， 2009年诺贝尔奖 颁奖仪式将在今年12月10日举行。除和平奖颁奖仪式在挪威首都奥斯陆举行以外，生理学或医学奖、物理学奖、化学奖、文学奖和经济学奖都将在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩举行。今年诺贝尔奖每项奖金仍为1000万瑞典克朗(约合140万美元)。 (本文来源：中国网 )
作者：東東槍 （博主试改） 博主注：今人之國文好已屬不易，兼之洋文好更加不易。作者之才，有目共睹；佩服之餘，略作潤飾。小改之試，請多批評。 Hello ， Chicago! 芝城父老，別來無恙 ！ If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 余嘗聞世人有疑，不知當今美利堅凡事皆可成就耶？開國先賢之志 方 仍 巋然於世耶？民主之偉力不減於昔年耶？凡存諸疑者，今夕當可釋然。 Its the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference. 今夕之釋然，皆蒙美利堅民眾之協力學塾祠廟之外 ，市井鄉野之間 ，萬千父老 心焦似焚， 苦待 竟日 多時 ， ， 願獻一票之力。其中 多有 ， 平生未嘗 如此 涉國事者 ，數亦不少 ，而今有此義舉，皆因一念不衰今夫天下， 定將 非同既往，願發籲天之聲， 必 以 成 動地 變革 之勢。 Its the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America. 今夕之釋然，皆仰吾國同胞之齊心何談貧富老幼之差、黨社宗族之異，惶論 族群 髮 膚 色 肌體 之別、志趣 愛惡 健殘 之分。吾國既以合眾為名，吾輩則更無疏離之意，紅藍 二黨 並肩而立， 數十 聯 邦 州挽手 相合，無分你我，共稱一家， 昂然 永存 于世，齊聲一呼，天下乃有此釋然。 Its the answer that led those whove been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day. 今夕之釋然，皆因憤懣者之鎮靜，憂懼者之勇氣，猶疑者之篤定平素世間種種，消磨其志向，潰滅其夢想，而值此風雲之際，除舊更新，當仁不讓，傾力而動乾坤者，更何人哉！ Its been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America. 俟之誠久，其志彌堅。幸天地明察，乃有今 日，乃有此刻，乃有此一 之 選舉，乃有我 億萬美利堅大好國民 等努力， 吾邦之大變革，方得自茲而始也！ A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain. Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And hes fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that theyve achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nations promise in the months ahead. 頃接參議員麥君凱恩 親 電， 雖未得晤，幸有一談， 其言諄諄，其意誠誠，鄙人感佩之至。選戰期內，麥君勞碌幾重，奔波幾許，皆為國家計。諸般求索，時日良多，皆非 餘 我等 所能及。 于 於 國於民之驚人犧牲，亦非庸庸如吾輩者所可想見。以麥君之膽魄襟懷，能為吾邦所用，實國家之幸，萬民之幸也。 前 選 途漫漫，其事未竟 全成 ，餘所盼矚由衷者，唯共麥凱恩君、佩 林 琳 君 ， 及諸賢士比肩， 會 践 吾等之 綿力 諾言 ，成吾邦之大業。 I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden. 喬君拜登，亦吾所感銘至深者也。競選之業，艱險不足與外人道，幸有喬君之輔佐，其誠天可鑒之。喬君其人，素言懇辭切，意篤情真，蓋嘗經斯蘭克頓街鄉鄰之提命，飽聆特拉華州父老之晤教也。他日余既登總統之位，喬君必當副之。 And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nations next first lady Michelle Obama. 拙荊米氏，追隨鄙人凡一十六年， 既為愛侶，更為摯 亦妻亦 友，既為吾闔家之基石， 又 更 乃余終生之至愛。鄙人嘗自忖度，倘無賢妻若此，今朝闊論高談於此處者，不知何人矣！ Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy thats coming with us to the new White House. 小女薩沙、瑪麗， 余 素深喜之。昔日為父嘗與汝等言，此番選戰若得一勝，願購 小 寵 犬一頭相贈，待闔家喬遷總統府邸之日， 偕 汝等 當與之 同 往 進吾宅 。今當勝負已出，既有一諾在前，必自踐行不欺也。 And while shes no longer with us, I know my grandmothers watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is beyond measure. 祖母大人雖已仙逝，料必有靈在天，俯察人寰，想應頷首開顏矣。吾奧巴馬氏列祖列宗，亦當如是。今日今時，此情此景，鄙人追思之心，烏鳥之情，曷其有極！唯生死陌路，仙凡有別，雖懷反哺之心，而無答報之門也！ To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that youve given me. I am grateful to them. 至若瑪雅、艾瑪二姐妹，以及吾家諸同胞，所惠我者，亦屬良多，久沐恩德，此當拜謝。 And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America. To my chief strategist David Axelrod whos been a partner with me every step of the way. To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what youve sacrificed to get it done. 大衛普勞夫君，大衛阿克塞羅德君，一為鄙人競選事務之經理，一為鄙人國事韜略之智囊。 余 嘗自喟歎，左右謀士，余所仰賴者，皆 亙古 史上 未見之賢才。普阿二君，則更此中之翹楚。 區區不才，有何德能，可得膀臂若此？ 當此功成之際，感荷之心，亦自拳拳。 But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you. 至於鄙人銘之肺腑，須臾不敢忘懷者， 則 余 之 助選 諸 位 友 也。蓋今日鄙人之勝績，實諸位之勝績，鄙人之榮光，實諸位之榮光！ I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didnt start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause. 余素樸陋，雖有參選之心，並無必勝之 志 算也 。謀事之初，銀資乏匱， 從 擁 者寥寥；起事之地，皆蔽寓 荒 陋 齋， 不 在 高閣 遠離 京畿 ；成事之基，無非尋常百姓，涓滴之獻。 It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generations apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep. It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth. 今日之勝，有賴一眾熱血青年，拋其家，別其室，不辭其苦，不計其酬，矻矻於此國中青年愛國之心已泯之謬論，今可休矣！今日之勝，有賴壯志未已之諸前輩，無懼寒暑，行走奔波，勸說民眾。今日之勝，乃數百萬美利堅民眾之勝，察其意，皆屬踴躍為國，觀其行，處處謹嚴有序，足堪告慰二百年前開國之先賢民有、民治、民享之政體，未嘗動搖也！ This is your victory. 嗟夫！此實諸位之功也！ And I know you didnt do this just to win an election. And I know you didnt do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. 余知諸君之意非在此一選舉，亦非在鄙人一身。蓋瞻前路之艱辛，益知此任非同小可也。雖今夕歡賀於此，而明朝酒醒，大患仍自當前，不容有怠兩地 烽煙熊熊而起 硝煙尚烈 ， 四海之內紛紛而亂 全球生態堪憂 ，金融 危機 也 創 百年之最！ 業界惶惶而不得寧 。 Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how theyll make the mortgage or pay their doctors bills or save enough for their childs college education. Theres new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet, alliances to repair. 是夜， 慶功 飲宴 笙歌 之聲不絕於耳，而 異邦 伊阿 大漠群山中，吾國 大好青年 英勇男兒 ，兀自苦 戰 戍邊塞 ，惝恍竟夜，性命尚未得安。吾國 千 億 萬庶民，為人父母者，兀自惴惴難眠，所憂者，乃房宅 所 之 貸、病患之費、撫育之資也。至若吾國能源之耗，百業之興，庠序之教，攻伐之術，懷遠之道，亦皆吾等忡忡掛懷者也。 The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you, we as a people will get there. 渺渺乎其遠，如不可達，危危乎其高，若不可攀。朝夕歲月，焉得成就？餘不揣愚鈍，願以四載韶華，付諸此業，勝算何如雖不可知，然昂揚必勝之奇志，成就偉業之壯懷，平生未之有也。君子一諾，其重何如，此地今夕，願斗膽發一狂言吾輩既 在 眾 ，其事必成！ There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who wont agree with every decision or policy I make as president. And we know the government cant solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way its been done in America for 221 years block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand. 逶迤坎坷，份內之事。異見爭端，料必有之。國中之政府，諒非無所不能者。 余 所秉承不移者，唯忠信矣。倘有危難於前，必無欺瞞於世。諸君言論臧否，縱悖逆相左之議， 余 必當洗耳以聆。於此之外，更當懇請諸君，不吝心血，致力報效，以振吾美利堅重興之業。 余 亦別無他想，唯盼吾儕協力，延繼吾國既肇二百二十一年之大統，匯涓滴之力，而成萬世之業。 What began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek. It is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cant happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice. 昔年冬日，余有志於斯，投身此業，屈指算來，倏然近二載矣。當此秋夜，追思反省，仍無潰退逃亡之意。選戰之勝，無非一役之功， 余 夢寐所思矢志所求者，非在乎此。溯源究本，此役之勝，不過革世變時一大好良機耳。倘止步於斯，垂手而待，或無諸君傾力相援，則壯志豐功，無非泡影，諸般夢想，終必虛妄。 So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other. Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, its that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers. In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people. 愛國之心，報國之念，吾人固有之，然逢今日之世，此心此念亦當一變吾輩各執己業，益當各竭其力，各盡其命，非但為一己之利，而更期普世之榮。今歲，金融業界動盪多舛，細審觀之，當可以之為鑒實業之損，亦是金融之 傷 殇 。可知，既在邦域之內，吾輩榮辱休戚，皆相與共矣！ Lets resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Lets remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity. Those are values that we all share. 黨爭紛紜，陰謀卑鄙，愚魯無知，皆腐蝕清白、惑亂政局之弊也，其緣由已久， 余 今願與諸君協力，共滅除之。昔年曾有此郡先賢，執共和黨之幟，而掌總統府之權。自強獨立，自由統一等信念，皆斯人之所倡，亦吾輩之所宗。 And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. 今歲選戰，吾民主黨人幸有一勝，然謙遜和合之心未嘗少減。余素信服者，乃山河破碎之際，林肯總統之言既是至親，終不為敵。雖弩張劍拔，而血脈未嘗斷，情義不少減。 And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices. I need your help. And I will be your president, too. 固然，仍有四方志士，不為鄙人所動，另有高明之選。雖終慳此一票之緣，然諸君高論， 余 亦聲聲在耳，字字在心。倘能得諸君之援手，鄙人幸甚。他日待 余 總而統之，亦必不另眼以待也。 And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world, our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. 吾邦民眾，散居天下，各安其命，而其志一也。吾邦鼎盛之勢，今已乍現鋒芒。 To those to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security: We support you. And to all those who have wondered if Americas beacon still burns as bright: Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity and unyielding hope. 至於心懷叵測，與世人為仇、與天下為敵者，吾邦猛志常在，彼等必取滅亡。心思純良，久慕大同者，吾輩當傾力以助，鼎力相援。猶疑未定，不知吾自由之邦興衰如何者，吾輩願以今日盛況以告之美利堅之所以謂之美者，非刀兵之強，金銀之 眾 巨 ，實民主、自由、機 遇 會 、夢想之美也！ Thats the true genius of America: that America can change. Our union can be perfected. What weve already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow. 天自有道，地自有德，恩賦吾邦無上異稟無他，唯變而已矣。美利堅變革不怠，合眾國日趨盡善。當以過往先賢之偉績，助吾儕今日之雄心，開子孫萬世之輝光。 This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one thats on my mind tonights about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. Shes a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing: Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old. 今 歲 之 選戰，多 開 領 亙古之先， 屢 定 傳千秋佳話。感我至深者，亞特蘭大之老嫗安尼克森庫帕也庫氏之一票，于數百萬美利堅民眾之選票無異，其所以引人稱奇者，其人今歲高齡一百有六矣。 She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldnt vote for two reasons because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin. 當其父輩之時，天道不彰，黑人為奴。庫氏其生也不逢時，汽車尚不行於道，飛機未曾起於空，庫氏既屬黑人，又系女流，票選一事，概無瓜葛。 And tonight, I think about all that shes seen throughout her century in America the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we cant, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can. 今日今時，回溯庫氏百歲之涯，但見吾邦先賢屢敗屢戰，且退且進，悲欣交集，甘苦雜陳。幸而正道存焉，壯志存焉，曰：吾輩既在，無所不能。 At a time when womens voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can. 萬馬齊喑，其事堪哀，吾邦女界怒而起，憤而爭，苦戰不歇，歷數十載。幸哉庫氏，以百歲之高齡，終得親見女流自立於世，重獲天賦之權吾輩既在，無所不能！ When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs, a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can. 當百業蕭條，國人絕望哀鳴之際，庫氏親見吾美利堅出曠世之新政，挽狂瀾於既倒，扶大廈之將傾，退畏懼之勢，扶奮勇之心，終至人各有位，民心乃安吾輩既在，無所不能！ When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can. 當吾 國良 珠 港遭襲，天下桀紂當道，暴政肆虐之時，庫氏親見豪傑 群起 輩出 ，民主不 衰 敗 吾輩既在，無所不能！ She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that We Shall Overcome. Yes we can. 蒙哥馬利公車之罷輟，伯明罕城黑人之群起，塞爾瑪城血雨腥風之事，庫氏般般親歷。更曾親聆亞特蘭大傳教之士振臂登高之呼吾等必勝！誠哉斯言！吾輩既在，無所不能！ A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can. 俟科學昌明於世，創想通貫一時，既登廣寒之闕，又潰柏林之牆。洋洋乎！有百年如是，乃見今歲選戰中，庫氏之一票。浩浩兮！一百零六載 交鋒 寒暑 更迭，方有美利堅今日之變革吾輩既在，無所不能！ America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made? 轉眼興亡過手，而今邁步從頭。追昔撫今，不禁捫心而問俟再曆百年歲月，倘吾等後輩兒孫，亦有得享高夀如庫氏者，複可見何等之變 數 革 ？吾輩今日之功，他年可得而見之乎？ This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time, to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth, that, out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope. And where we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we cant, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes, we can. 所謂天命時運，莫過於此當為吾邦萬民造安身立命之業，為吾輩兒孫啟各顯雄才之門，為寰宇各國創太平靜好之世，為吾等壯志賦千秋不滅之元神。吾邦立國之本，必將光耀於天下。萬千同胞，當如一人，一息尚存，夢想不滅。縱有世人旁觀在側，而疑竇生焉，吾輩亦當以千秋不易之訓共答之曰吾輩既在，無所不能！ Thank you. God bless you. And may God bless the United States of America. 拜謝諸君。願天佑吾民，天佑吾邦。 （2009-05-24）
Hockfield, Obama urge major push in clean energy research funding David Chandler, MIT News Office March 23, 2009 At a press briefing at the White House on Monday, MIT President Susan Hockfield joined U.S. President Barack Obama in calling for a truly historic new level of federal funding for clean energy research. The event came as Congress prepares to take up the president's budget, which calls for dedicating $150 billion over 10 years for a new clean energy RD andtechnology fund.This initiative represents the largest and most important investment in science and technology by the U.S. government since the Apollo moon-landing program in the 1960s, Hockfield said. The federal investments made during the Apollo era spawned a set of technologies that have transformed our lives and workplaces, she said. The RD and technology investments that President Obama proposes have equally profound potential as an economic catalyst. That would be good news in any economy. But of course today, it provides a lifeline. The value of such investments was underscored by a 1997 report from the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, which was chaired by the new White House science advisor John Holdren, Hockfield said. That report showed that every government dollar invested in energy RD returns 40-fold to the economy -- in energy efficiency, energy savings and in new technologies -- a 40-to-1 return on investment, she said. The new clean energy technologies to be developed through this research and development funding will power our long term prosperity, Obama said at the briefing. With this new funding proposal, along with $39 billion in clean energy research funding and $20 billion in tax incentives that were included in the economic stimulus package, Obama said, we have achieved more in two months in support of a new clean-energy economy than we've achieved in perhaps 30 years. In addition, he said, the initiative will help the nation end, once and for all, our dependence on foreign oil. Also speaking at the White House briefing was Paul Holland, who is on the board of a new company called Serious Materials that has re-opened manufacturing plants shuttered by the housing downturn and is using them to produce what Obama described as probably some of the most energy-efficient windows in the world. Hockfield said that the kinds of new breakthroughs likely to be spawned by this federal investment in RD are exemplified by a variety of projects already under way at MIT. These include innovations that could turn windows into efficient, cost-effective solar cells, new materials that make batteries long-lasting, safe and rapidly charging, quantum dot light bulbs that are 500 percent more efficient than incandescent bulbs, and methods for using benign viruses to make clear, non-toxic, lightweight batteries. Hockfield said that in addition to the economic impact of these research funds, these same investments also offer the only route to the breakthrough technologies required to address the daunting challenges of energy security, rapidly accelerating energy demand and climate change. And, as an added bonus, solving these challenges has captured the imaginations and ambitions of young people -- students at MIT and across the country, young scientists and engineers passionately committed to inventing a bright, clean energy future. 下面是视频，请大家点击欣赏！ object width=365 height=340param name=movie value= http://www.c-spanarchives.org/flash/cspanPlayer.swf?pid=284779-2autoplay=0/paramparam name=allowFullScreen value=true/paramembed src= http://www.c-spanarchives.org/flash/cspanPlayer.swf?pid=284779-2autoplay=0 type=application/x-shockwave-flash allowfullscreen=true width=365 height=340/embed/object President Susan Hockfield speaks at White House briefing on energy and new technology spending.
亲爱的同胞们： 今天我站在这里，为我们将面对的任重道远而慨叹。感谢你们对我寄托的信任，同时缅怀我们的前人所做出的牺牲。感谢布什总统为美国做出的贡献，以及他在总统任期交叠过程中的慷慨合作。 至此，共有四十四位美国人曾进行过总统宣誓。这一誓言曾在国家和平、欣欣向荣时做出过。然而这一誓词更曾在乌云笼罩和风暴袭来之时被宣读。美国人民之所以能够走过那些艰难的时刻，不仅仅是因为领袖的能力或远见；更是因为我们，我们人民，保持着对先人理想的忠诚，对我们国家创始文件的追随。 对于我们这一代美国人来说，也是这样，也必须这样。 国家正面临危机，这一点大家已经没有疑问。美国处在战争之中，面对一个有巨大影响力、充满暴力和仇恨的网络。我们的经济严重衰退。这来源于部分人的贪婪和不负责任，更由于作为一个整体，我们未能做出面对一个新时代的艰难决策。人民失去房屋、工作机会减少、商业活动遭到破坏。医疗保障过于昂贵，学校教育系统出现太多失败。而我们对能源的使用，日益让对手强大，与此同时又威胁着我们的星球。 这些，是从数据和统计中可以看到的危机信号。还有难以度量但同样深远的问题，那就是整个国家信心的缺失。那萦绕在我们头上的恐惧，认为美国的衰败不可避免，认为我们的下一代人不可能再有太高的期望。 今天我要对你们说，我们面临的挑战是真切的、严重的，而且有很多重。解决他们不可能很轻松，也不可能在短时间内发生。但美国人民，请记住这一点：这些挑战会被解决。 今天，我们聚集在一起，因为我们选择了希望而不是恐惧；我们选择了为共同的目标团结在一起，而不是冲突与争执。 今天，我们共同终结那些虚假的承诺、陈腐的教条、以及指摘与怨言。这些已经困扰了我们的政治体系太长时间。 我们的国家仍旧年轻，但借用圣经中的话，该是抛开那些孩子气的时候了。现在，需要重新拿出我们的坚韧精神，选择自己的历史。我们要延续代代相传的宝贵礼物，延续神圣的理想，那就是上帝赐予我们的承诺－－人人平等，人人自由，人人都有机会去追求最大程度的幸福。 在重温我们国家伟大的同时，我们必须明白，伟大不是凭空而来的，而是赢得的。在我们的历程中，从来没有走捷径或是退而求其次。这一历程不是为懦弱者准备的，不是为那些享乐高于工作、只知追求名利的人准备的。相反，是那些甘于承担风险的人，实干家，创造者－－有些众人皆知，而更多的在辛勤工作中默默无闻－－是他们带着我们穿越漫长、崎岖的道路走向繁荣与自由。 为了我们，他们把仅有的财物装进行囊，漂洋过海追求新的生活。 为了我们，他们开拓西部，在条件恶劣的工厂中流血流汗；他们忍受鞭笞，开垦贫瘠的土地。 为了我们，他们战斗和牺牲在协和镇（Concord）、葛底斯堡（Gettysburg）、诺曼底和科萨恩(KheSahn)。 一次又一次，这些男男女女，他们奋斗和牺牲；他们将双手磨破为了给我们带来更好的生活。在他们眼中，美国超越了我们每个人雄心的总和，超越了个人、财富和派系的差别。 今天，我们仍在这样的历程上。我们仍旧是地球上最繁荣、最强大的国家。美国工人们的效率并不比危机开始之前低。我们的头脑具有同样的创造力。我们的产品与服务和上周、上月、或者去年一样有需求。我们的能力从未被削弱。但墨守陈规、维护狭隘的利益、面对艰难的决策畏首畏尾的日子将一去不复返了。从今天开始，我们必须重新找回我们自己，掸去身上的尘土，开始重塑美国的重任。 环顾四周，有无数工作等着我们。经济状况期待着我们大胆和快速的行动。我们会付诸行动－－不仅仅是创造就业机会，同时还要为未来的增长打下新的基础。我们将建设公路、桥梁和电网，以及将我们紧密联系起来、提供商业信息的数字高速公路。我们会重新树立科学应有的地位，并利用技术手段提高医疗保障的质量，同时降低其费用。我们将利用太阳、风与土壤，来驱动我们的汽车和工厂。我们将改革我们的学校和大学，以满足新时代的需要。这些都有可能实现，更会去实现。 现在，有人还在怀疑我们的信心──他们认为我们的国家无法承担这样的重大计划。他们太健忘了，他们忘记了这个国家曾经取得的成就，他们忘记了当拥有了理想、共同的目标和必要的勇气，这些自由的人民曾经取得的辉煌成就。 这些愤世嫉俗的人无法理解这个国家所发生的转变──那些陈腐的政治已经缠绕了我们太久太长。我们现在面临的问题不是政府太大还是太小，而是政府所扮演的角色──应该帮助家庭获得体面的收入，购买他们的所需，有尊严地退休。当这些答案都是肯定的时，我们才能继续前进。如果答案是否定的，一切都将不复存在。我们这些管理公共财产的人应该负起责任──把钱花在刀刃上、改掉恶习、光明正大地行事──因为只有这样我们才能重塑人民和政府之间的信任。 市场力量的好坏不是我们的问题。市场在创造财富和推进自由进程方面是无可代替的，但是这场危机也提醒了我们没有审慎的监管，市场的力量将如野马一样脱缰──一个仅有财富的国家不可能持续繁荣。我们在经济上所取得的成功不仅体现在我们的经济总量上，也体现在我们的繁荣程度上，体现在我们为每个渴望成功的心灵所提供的机会上─这并非出自恻隐之心，而是我们实现共同利益的必经之路。 我们拒绝在安全和理想之间妥协。我们的建国先辈们，面对我们无法想象的凶险，却依然用几代人的鲜血维护了神圣的法律和人权。那些理想依然在照亮着这个世界，我们不会因一时的困难而放弃这些理想。我要对那些正在看着我们的国家和人民说，无论你身处繁华的都市还是像养育了我父亲那样的小村庄：对于那些追求和平与尊严的男人、女人和孩子，美国将永远是你们的朋友，我们将继续和你们一起前进。 我们是这种传统的捍卫者。我们继续追寻这些信念的指引，我们将直面这些挑战并更加努力─更多的沟通与合作。我们会负责地将伊拉克还给当地的人民，并在阿富汗保卫来之不易的和平。我们将与老朋友和原来的敌人一道，共同消除核威胁，解决全球变暖的根源。我们不会为自己的做法道歉，更不会动摇捍卫和平的决心，对于那些崇尚恐怖、滥杀无辜的人，我们的精神是强大而不可战胜的。你拖不垮我们，我们将会打败你。 我们多种族混居是一种优势。我们是一个由基督徒、穆斯林、犹太教徒、印度教徒和无神论者共同组成的国家。我们吸收了各种文化的精髓，从世界的每个角落学习。因为我们经历过内战和种族隔离的痛苦洗礼，并在黑暗中更加坚强和团结，我们无法保证，但是我们相信憎恨终将消弭，分隔终将散去。随着世界越来越紧密地联系在一起，我们共同的人性将显露出来，美国必须承担引领新时代和平的重任。 对于穆斯林世界，我们将基于共同的利益和信仰，寻找更好的合作之路。对于那些在世界各个地方挑起冲突或一味批评西方不良影响的领导者：你的人民评判你的依据是你建立了什么，而不是破坏了什么。对于那些依靠腐败和欺骗并压制异议而追求权利的人们：你们站在了人类历史的对立面。如果你们能张开紧握的拳头，我们也将伸出友谊之手。 对于那些贫穷的人们，我们保证和你们一起建设繁茂的农场和干净的水源，滋养那些饥寒交迫的身体和心灵。对于那些与我们一样相对富裕的国家，我们不能再对外界的苦难漠不关心，更不能继续大肆索取世界的资源。世界必须改变，我们都必须改变。 当我们审视前方的道路时，我们会感激那些跨越千山万水来到这里的人们。今天，他们有话对我们说，也是安息在阿林顿国家公墓里的先烈们时刻提醒我们的。我们尊敬他们不仅因为是他们捍卫了我们的自由，更因为他们正是奉献精神的化身；他们致力于寻找远高于自身的生命真谛。而此时，在这个特殊的时代，我们更需让这种精神长存。 因为归根结底，政府所能做的，也是必须做到的，是体现每个美国人的信念和决心，这也是这个国家赖以生存的精神力量。这种力量是洪灾泛滥时，陌生人之间的温暖善举；是经济困难时期，人们自损利益保全朋友工作的无私忘我。这是消防员们毅然冲入浓烟火海的勇气，也是父母培养孩子的无私之心，这些都决定了我们的命运。 或许，我们今日遇到挑战前所未有，所有的情况完全陌生。但是，我们赖以走向成功的价值观从未改变诚实、勤勉、勇敢、公正、宽容、好学、忠贞和爱国。我们的历史亦由这些真理推进，亘古不变。如今，我们面对的是一个全新的责任时代人人都需重视，对我们自己，我们的国家乃至整个世界，都有一份责任。我们会欣然接受这份责任，人生也正因此而充实。 这是公民的价值和承诺。 这是我们信心的源泉上帝赐予我们知识以应对无常的命运。 这是我们所崇尚的自由与信念的真谛这就是为什么今天，不同肤色，不同信仰的男女老少在此汇聚一堂；这就是为什么六十年前，一位父亲走入餐厅甚至无人理睬，而今天他的儿子可以站在这里，在你们面前许下最庄严的誓言。 所以让我们记住这一天，记住自己，记住为此的付出。在我们的国家诞生之初，先辈们在最寒冷的日子里，围聚在结冰的河边靠微弱的篝火取暖。离乡背井，后有敌军，鲜血染红了白雪。就在革命的道路如此模糊，意志也开始踌躇之时，我们的国父有这样几句话： 告诉未来的世界当一切陷入寒冬，万物俱灭，只有希望和勇气可以长存这座城市和这个国家，在共同的危机下团结起来，共同面对前方的艰难。 美国，面对我们共同的危机，在这艰难的寒冬，让我们牢记那些永恒的字句。怀着希望和美德，让我们再一次勇敢地面对冰冷的现实，迎接任何可能的风浪。让我们的子孙传唱，当我们面对挑战时，我们没有怯懦、没有退缩，更没有踟蹰不前。我们在上帝的关爱下眺望远方，我们在自由的道路上继续前进，我们的精神将永远闪耀着光芒。 My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition. Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents. So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land -- a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. Watch the historic inauguration of Barack Obama with CNN and the best political team on TV Live coverage all day Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met. On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics. We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the fainthearted -- for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things -- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor -- who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom. For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction. This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act -- not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do. Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions -- who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage. What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them -- that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account -- to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day -- because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government. Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control -- and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart -- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: Know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more. Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint. We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort -- even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you. For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace. To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it. As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment -- a moment that will define a generation -- it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all. For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate. Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends -- hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task. This is the price and the promise of citizenship. This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny. This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed -- why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath. So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet . America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
美国斯坦福大学的Sharon R. Long是一名研究豆科植物紫花苜蓿与根瘤菌共生固氮的专家。她是唯一一名当选为奥巴马总统科学顾问团的女科学家。她的当选除了她自身的能力和魅力外，奥巴马总统为了美国的能源和环境而做出的长远考虑也是重要因素。因为通过大力发挥生物固氮作用，可减少化学氮肥的使用，进而减少化学氮肥生产过程中耗费的大量能源及对环境的污染。苜蓿是美国重要的农作物之一，在畜牧业养殖中有牧草之王之称，这种豆科植物只需靠根系的根瘤固氮作用即可满足自身对氮素的需要，而不需要化学氮肥。 她的实验室网址为： http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Sharon_Long/ 或 http://cmgm.stanford.edu/biology/long/ （更详细一些） 下面是关于Sharon R. Long当选为科学顾问的报道： Stanford University plant biologist Sharon R. Long is the only woman on the team of science advisors assembled by Barak Obama in September. Long's lab studies the symbiotic interaction of Rhizobium bacteria and alfalfa roots to form nodules . Root nodules are able to take nitrogen from the air to form ammonia, which is used by plants to synthesize amino acids, nucleotides and other cellular components. This ability allows the plants to grow with less nitrogen fertilizer than required by other crops, making the process of great interest to the agricultural industry. There has, in fact, been some criticism of Obama's choice of Long because of her ties to the agricultural biotech company Monsanto , on whose board of directors she served until last fall. 当选总统科学顾问后，记者对其进行了采访，如下，可以到相关网站上听录音： （ http://www.sciam.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=the-day-after-science-in-the-obama-08-11-05 ） Long was interviewed about science under the Obama administration by Steve Mirsky for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast. Listen to the interview . 此次谈话中，她提到了她的研究方向，即豆科植物与根瘤菌之间的分子对话。以下是节录： Steve: You want to talk for just a couple of minutes about your particular expertise? You mentioned that it's in crop research in part and the specifics of what the administration plans to do in those areas? Long: My own area of research is on the symbiosis between beneficial soil bacteria and plants in legume family, and this is familiar to many because it's the basis for crop rotation. Plants such as beans, clover, alfalfawhich is what I studyor soybean are members of a plant family that have the unique ability to host beneficial bacteria in their roots. Now because of the bacteria and because they have the bacteria in their roots, these plants are actually able to flourish using nitrogen that the bacteria convert from a form that's in the air into a molecule that the plants make protein out of. That means that these plants don't need nitrogen fertilizer. This is the reason why, for example, the Native Americans had the practice of planting a little mound with squash, beans and corn. The beans didn't just produce a great seed, they also provided nitrogen nourishment for themselves and for the little mound of plants that were around them. Likewise crop rotation has been used in the ancient world, Mediterranean and in many other cultures throughout the world. That is important because crop rotation of that kind is a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture. And my work is very basic. I don't really study the applications in the field, but I do work on the question of how bacteria and plants can recognize each other in a highly specific way and how they can come together in a complex process so that the bacteria are benefiting the plant by providing them with the nitrogen that they need to make lots of protein, and in return, the plant, which can carry out photosynthesis, is able to provide sugars and other energy to the bacteria. So each partner benefits from the exchange. That's my great love in research. Whether that will be addressed in particular in the science plans of the future administration isn't known to me, but it is something that relates to energy, to productivity, to self-sustainability. So I hope that along with all of my colleagues in the United States who study this, I hope we'll all be able to make application and try to make our case for doing good science and create some benefits from that. Steve: Some enlightened self-interest for you then to be involved here. 一个博客上关于Long的介绍： Sharon Long: Recently stepped down as dean of Stanford University's School of Humanities Science to return to her research on the symbiosis of soil bacteria with alfalfa . Long resigned last year from the Board of Directors of Monsanto , an agricultural biotechnology corporation. A former MacArthur Fellow , Long is a member of the leadership council of the National Academy of Sciences. She has contribute d to the campaigns of both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. （来自： http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/09/obama-campaign.html ）
奥巴马的出生地事关重大 黄安年文 黄安年的博客 /2009 年 2 月 3 日发布 出生地对于美国总统来说涉及是否具备基本条件的重大问题。美国联邦宪法第二条规定 : 无论何人 , 除生为合众国公民或在本宪法采用时已是合众国公民者外 , 不得当选总统 ; 美国宪法是 1788 年 7 月 2 日正式生效的 , 这就意味着所有美国总统必须生为合众国公民或 1788 年 7 月 2 日前为美国公民。在早期美国总统中 , 惟有华盛顿、 J. 亚当斯、杰斐逊、麦迪逊、门罗、 J Q 亚当斯、杰克逊、范布伦、哈里逊、 Z 泰勒等 10 位符合在本宪法采用时已是合众国公民者的条件，其他 34 任总统全部出生于 1788 年 7 月 2 日后。 对于奥巴马来说 , 总统的合法性必须符合生为合众国公民这一基本条件。 但是奥巴马的出生地却存在一些谜团 , 一旦倒奥巴马条件具备，恐怕奥巴马出生地的质疑将成为总统合法性的致命杀手锏。既然 2009 年 1 月 20 日总统就职演说那天因就职宣誓词的次序与宪法规定不完全符合，为慎重起见在 21 日又举行一次补誓，那么一旦利益集团质疑出生地合法性 , 谁能保障不会在国会通过一项任命特别检察官来独立调查奥巴马的出生地问题 , 那时所有存疑都将水落石出，而现在显然时机未到。 那时 , 恐怕小奥巴马于 1961 年 8 月 4 日出生在檀香山的出生证明原件和复印件都会大白于天下 , 夏威夷州长下令密封之举必然失效； 那时，肯尼亚驻美国大使去年对美国媒体说，奥巴马在肯尼亚出生是众所周知的，奥巴马父亲家族有两个人目击了他的出生。之说 , 势必再次要求作证，不仅是这位肯尼亚驻美国大使，还有目击了他的出生的奥巴马父亲家族两个人。此外还有奥巴马在肯尼亚出生是众所周知的那些人和媒体也会发飙。 那时 , 据说奥巴马的母亲 1961 年 8 月大腹便便怀着奥巴马准备从肯尼亚的蒙巴萨登机返回美国，却被航空公司劝阻，俟分娩后母子才回到夏威夷。之说必将引发轩然大波。这里的问题在于既然小奥巴马于 1961 年 8 月 4 日出生在檀香山，那么应该有在檀香山医院的分娩记录 , 既然奥巴马的母亲 1961 年 8 月大腹便便怀着奥巴马准备从肯尼亚的蒙巴萨登机返回美国，却被航空公司劝阻那么，肯尼亚的航空公司和檀香山的航空公司都该有这方面的登机记录 , 将前后时间一对照就会水落石出的。如果奥巴马果真出生在肯尼亚，那么只要不是在家里接生的，医院里也会留下记录的。 那时 即使奥巴马确实在是夏威夷出生，但是跟随其母移民印尼，因此根据 1940 年美国《国籍法》，他已失去美国公民资格。的质疑也会引发一阵议论。不过笔者以为，美国宪法中只有关于出生地的规定 , 只有凡年龄不满 35 岁、在合众国境内居住不满 14 年者，也不得当选为总统的规定 , 并无由美国国籍转入其他国家的国籍的禁止规定 , 因此移民印尼问题对他不构成违宪问题。 夏威夷媒体报道过以上内容，不过美国主流媒体完全不予注意，更无一家媒体追踪报道。美国社会需要一个救世主，已经完全不在乎这个救世主来自何方，也完全不在乎他是否在美国出生。去年美国民主党籍的前宾夕法尼亚州副检察长菲利普伯格（ Philip J Berg ）向地区法院起诉，要求禁止非美国本土自然出生的奥巴马参选总统，被法院驳回。这种说法说明主流媒体和民主党人已经接受奥巴马而不管其他一切疑点了 , 在造就既定事实后 , 所有疑点也就不成为疑点。如果这样，那么其后续代价也太大了。 令人生疑的是 , 这样明显的漏洞解说 , 还是不能令人深信为何在竞选过程中没有得到澄清？美国政治家和政敌会愚蠢到这种程度吗？ 附网上相关报道 : *************************** 奥巴马父母的身世截然不同。他的母亲安邓纳姆 (Ann Dunham) 生长在堪萨斯州的一个小镇，后来随家人搬到夏威夷群岛，并在那里结识了获得夏威夷大学奖学金的肯尼亚留学生老奥巴马 (Barack Obama Sr.) 。两人于 1959 年结婚，小奥巴马于 1961 年 8 月 4 日出生在檀香山。两年后，老奥巴马离开了年轻的妻子和年幼的儿子，先到哈佛大学读研究生，然后返回肯尼亚在政府部门从事经济工作。小奥巴马后来仅在十岁时见过父亲一面。 奥巴马六岁那年，他的母亲再婚，嫁给了一位印度尼西亚石油公司的主管。他们举家迁往印尼，奥巴马在首都雅加达的学校上了四年学。他后来返回夏威夷，在那里读高中，同外祖父和外祖母一起生活。 http://www.america.gov/st/elections08-chinese/2008/November/20081110093014xjyrrep0.4197657.html?CP.rss=true ****************************************** Biography: Barack Hussein Obama was born Aug. 4,1961, inHonolulu, Hawaii. His father, Barack Obama, Sr., was born ofLuo ethnicity inNyanza Province, Kenya. Hegrew upherding goats with his own father, who was adomestic servant tothe British. Although reared among Muslims, Obama, Sr., became anatheist atsome point. Obamasmother, Ann Dunham, grew upinWichita, Kansas. Her father worked onoil rigs during the Depression. After the Japanese attack onPearl Harbor, hesigned upfor service inWorld War IIand marched across Europe inPattonsarmy. Dunhamsmother went towork onabomber assembly line. After the war, they studied onthe G.I.Bill, bought ahouse through the Federal Housing Program, and moved toHawaii. Meantime, Baracksfather had won ascholarship that allowed him toleave Kenya pursue his dreams inHawaii. Atthe time ofhis birth, Obamasparents were students atthe EastWest Center ofthe University ofHawaii atManoa. Obamasparents separated when hewas two years old and later divorced. Obamasfather went toHarvard topursue Ph.D. studies and then returned toKenya. His mother married Lolo Soetoro, another EastWest Center student from Indonesia. In1967, the family moved toJakarta, where Obamashalf-sister Maya SoetoroNg was born. Obama attended schools inJakarta, where classes were taught inthe Indonesian language. Four years later when Barack (commonly known throughout his early years asBarry) was ten, hereturned toHawaii tolive with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Dunham, and later his mother (who died ofovarian cancer in1995). http://www.biography.com/featured-biography/barack-obama/index.jsp *********************************************** 奥巴马的出生地之谜（本期时事亮亮点主题） 发表于 2009-02-02 22:28:28 奥巴马出生地点是夏威夷还是肯尼亚 美国法律规定总统候选人必须是在美国本土自然出生。奥巴马竞选网站去年公布的奥巴马出生证明，并非原件，即使这个复印件也已经被夏威夷州长下令密封，除非奥巴马本人授权，不得启封。为什么奥巴马没有出生证明的原本？为什么连复印件也不能公布？ 肯尼亚驻美国大使去年对美国媒体说，奥巴马在肯尼亚出生是众所周知的，奥巴马父亲家族有两个人目击了他的出生。 据说奥巴马的母亲 1961 年 8 月大腹便便怀着奥巴马准备从肯尼亚的蒙巴萨登机返回美国，却被航空公司劝阻，俟分娩后母子才回到夏威夷。如果此说成立，奥巴马就不具备成为美国总统的法律资格。 即使奥巴马确实在是夏威夷出生，但是跟随其母移民印尼，因此根据 1940 年美国《国籍法》，他已失去美国公民资格。 奥巴马是穆斯林 奥巴马的父亲是肯尼亚黑人穆斯林，其母嫁之，必皈依伊斯兰；穆斯林之子即为穆斯林；其后奥巴马母亲再嫁印尼穆斯林，此时她已经是穆斯林，无需再次入教。奥巴马随母移民印尼，童年在雅加达本地穆斯林学校就读。 奥巴马在 2008 年 9 月 7 日接受美国广播公司电视台 This Week 节目采访时说到 my muslim faith （我的穆斯林信仰），见 You Tube 的相关视频。巴拉克侯赛因奥巴马并不否认他的穆斯林背景。 奥巴马持印尼护照访问巴基斯坦 1981 年奥巴马 20 岁时，曾经持印度尼西亚护照访问巴基斯坦，当时美国公民不可访问巴基斯坦。这是很容易查证的事情。 夏威夷媒体报道过以上内容，不过美国主流媒体完全不予注意，更无一家媒体追踪报道。美国社会需要一个救世主，已经完全不在乎这个救世主来自何方，也完全不在乎他是否在美国出生。 去年美国民主党籍的前宾夕法尼亚州副检察长菲利普伯格（ Philip J Berg ）向地区法院起诉，要求禁止非美国本土自然出生的奥巴马参选总统，被法院驳回。 这一切构成了巨大的问号。（资料来源：杨恒隆著《无码奥巴马》，香港财经出版社 2009 年 1 月出版） http://blog.ifeng.com/article/2117252.html 奥巴马祖母成肯尼亚名人 已接待近 5000 名来访者 2008-12-07 01:18:55?? 作者：王淡宜 ?? 来源：新华网 ?? 浏览次数： 6?? 文字大小：【大】【中】【小】 * 新华网内罗毕 12 月 5 日电在 11 月 4 日奥巴马当选美国总统后，奥巴马祖母莎拉的生活发生了很大变化，莎拉承认新的生活让她很难应付。肯尼亚允许一夫多妻，莎拉是奥巴马祖父多个妻子中的一个，并非奥巴马父亲的生母，但奥巴马一直亲切地称呼她为祖母。 新华网内罗毕 12 月 5 日电在 11 月 4 日奥巴马当选美国总统后，奥巴马祖母莎拉的生活发生了很大变化，莎拉承认新的生活让她很难应付。 据肯尼亚《旗帜报》 5 日报道，莎拉目前生活在肯尼亚西部尼安萨省科盖洛村，来自世界各地的人到她家参观访问。截至目前，这位 86 岁的老人已接待近 5000 名来访者。 现在，莎拉每天在家要接待数以百计的客人，还必须对这些人一一表示谢意并与他们谈话。科盖洛村和莎拉的家已成为一个旅游景点，繁华程度不亚于尼安萨省许多城市中心区。 为保证她的安全，肯尼亚政府有关部门已采取了严密的保护措施。在明年 1 月 20 日奥巴马正式就任总统之前，莎拉的行动将受到限制。据报道，莎拉家中情况必须每天向美国驻肯尼亚大使馆报告。 尼安萨省警察局一位高级警官说：莎拉现在是非常重要的人物，我们不希望有任何意外发生。 这位快乐的老太太一直抱怨膝盖不太灵便，但她仍不得不完成每天繁忙的日程安排。她与来访者握手合影，回答来自世界各地记者的提问。 莎拉说：来访者实在太多，我甚至连做饭的时间都没有了。他们使我不知所措，这是我以前没有想到的。 当有人求见莎拉时，警察都会提前通知她。莎拉说，看见警察出现，我就知道又有客人要来了。 奥巴马 1961 年出生在美国夏威夷，父亲是肯尼亚人，母亲是美国人。肯尼亚允许一夫多妻，莎拉是奥巴马祖父多个妻子中的一个，并非奥巴马父亲的生母，但奥巴马一直亲切地称呼她为祖母。 http://www.djbkw.com/djwzb/2008/1207/article_10102.html ****************************
My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition. Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents. So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met. On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics. We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom. For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction. This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do. Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage. What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government. Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more. Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint. We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you. For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace. To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it. As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all. For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate. Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task. This is the price and the promise of citizenship. This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny. This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath. So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet . America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations. Thank you. God bless you. And God bless the United States of America.
在看到黄安年老师转载的美国官方翻译之前，我先看了新华社网站登的全文中译： http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-01/21/content_10693010.htm 发现并没有翻译全部原文。有两个各地方被删除了，一处是共产主义这个词，也许是因为奥巴马把法西斯主义和共产主义相提并论，这还可以理解。 另一处删掉了好几段，不知道是什么原因。好在黄老师的博客中有这几段的译文，拷贝如下： 面对穆斯林世界，我们寻求一条新的前进道路，以共同利益和相互尊重为基础。 对于世界上那些妄图制造矛盾、将自己社会的弊端归罪于西方的领导人 ，我们奉劝你们：你们的人民将以你们的建设成就而不是你们的毁灭能力来评判你们。 对于那些依靠腐败、欺骗、压制不同意见等手段固守权势的人 ，我们提醒你们：你们站在了历史错误的一边；但只要你们放弃压迫，我们将伸手相助。 对于贫困国家的人民， 我们保证同你们并肩努力，为你们的农田带来丰收，让清洁的用水取之不竭；使饥饿的身体得以饱食，使饥渴的心灵受到滋润。 对于那些象我们一样比较富裕的国家 ，我们要说我们再不能对他人的苦难无动于衷，也再不能肆意消耗世界的资源。 世界已经改变，我们必须与时俱进。 顺便把英文原文也拷到这里： To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict or blame their society's ills on the West, know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history, but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to the suffering outside our borders, nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it. 除了两处删除外，新华社网站登的译文比美国官方翻译的水平也低不少。
新关的年关好过了 关键词 新关 年关 2009 奥巴马 Key word: Eric Shinseki ； New Year;2009;Obama United States president-elect Barack Obama announced that retired General Eric Shinseki would be his nominee for Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Conclusion from engineer JI in his scientific blog . 五年前因为反对美军入侵伊拉克，不得不退伍回老家 夏威夷 的日裔前美军上将新关，将要度过 5 年以来最容易度过的一个年关。这恐怕不是因为他要当什么部级干部了，那不是什么新鲜事，对他来讲不具备吸引力。吸引他的应该是，事实将证明 5 年以前他不是错误的。而且，还愿意为那些不得不参加侵略战争，留下许多善后事宜的前军人们服务。其他内阁成员的选择不好说，这个部长的人员选定，是有其合理性的。 一朝天子一朝臣，美国总统及其内阁也类似。 对于 5 年前解甲归田的新关来说，下一个新年的关口，不难度过。虽然说近乎廉颇的年龄了，也不过担任了文官。此处不留爷，自有留爷处；此时不用也，自有有用时。新关的 2009 注定要有些奥巴马的前任布施不熟悉的内容了。 就新关而言，有一点是可以肯定的，就是在即使处于劣势的情况下，也敢于坚持并且发布自己的观点。就算当时不合事宜，不被认为是识时务的俊杰，也要坚持自己认为正确的观点。不就是从将军到农民吗？没有什么大不了的。也不错，休了五年的长假，海边散了 5 年步，早已经容光焕发了。再不工作几年，不是将军了，恐怕真的要挺起高耸入云的将军肚子了。 66 岁以后上任，的确不算早，一晃就古稀了；新关最好不要谋求连任，尽了义务就行了，别那么累！年轻人，是需要这个位子锻炼业务能力呢！ 参考文献： 新华报业网讯 据美国《世界日报》报道，美国下任总统奥巴马计划 12 月 7 日 正式宣布任命已退伍日裔陆军上将新关 (Eric Shinseki) 为联邦退伍军人部长，成为第一位获奥巴马挑选为新政府亚裔阁员，消息于 6 日传出，亚裔民主党人均表兴奋。 66 岁的新关，在夏威夷出生长大，他毕业于美国军校，在 Duke 大学获得英文系的硕士学位， 1965 年加入军部服务。 新关由美国陆军基层干起，曾获颁紫心奖章的最高勇敢荣誉，逐步获得晋升。他于 1999 年获任命为美国陆军参谋长，一直是美国史上官阶最高的亚裔军人。 2003 年新关批评布什政府攻打伊拉克的策略不正确而不获留任，同年 8 月退伍，在美国陆军服务长达 38 年。 李艳虹说，奥巴马决定任命新关出任联邦退伍军人部长，充分显示奥巴马因才任人的优点，她大力支持奥巴马选用新关，新关于前总统克林顿时代获得任命，为联邦政府内第二线的高职位，奥巴马当选前，新关从未公开支持奥巴马。 5 年前新关被迫退伍后，返回夏威夷定居。李艳虹记得当年新关在国会公开批评布什出兵攻打伊拉克的行动，当新关返回夏威夷后，该州居民鼓励新关竞选州长，但新关未如支持者所愿。 President-elect Barack Obama announces Gen. Eric Shinseki as Secretary of Veterans Affairs Chicago -- President-elect Barack Obama announced today that General Eric Shinseki will be his nominee for Secretary of Veterans Affairs. General Shinseki is a former Army Chief of Staff and 38-year Army veteran who served two combat tours in Vietnam . He understands the changing needs of our troops and their families and shares President-elect Obamas commitment to modernizing the VA to meet the challenges of our time. Throughout his nearly four decades in the U.S. Army, he won the respect and admiration of our men and women in uniform because they have always been his highest priority, President-elect Obama said. He has always stood on principle -- because he has always stood with our troops. And he will bring that same sense of duty and commitment to ensuring that we treat our veterans with the care and dignity they deserve. General Eric K. Shinseki, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Born in Hawaii to a Japanese-American family, Eric Shinseki graduated from West Point in 1965. He went on to serve in the Army for 38 years, from 1965 to 2003, including two combat tours in Vietnam , where he lost part of his right foot. He served as Chief of Staff of the Army from 1999-2003. General Shinseki has commanded troops from Vietnam to the Balkans, and his career has been marked by innovation, vision, and fierce loyalty to the troops who served under him. He is the recipient of numerous decorations, including the Bronze Star, the Purple Heart, the Legion of Merit, and the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medals. 致谢： 新闻线索来自科学网电子杂志 200886 期。
美国媒体报道奥巴马的新环境班子已见分晓，诺贝尔奖获得者 朱 棣文被提名为能源部长。看来奥巴马真用the best and the brightest. 2007 年在美国科学促进会的年会上，曾听过 朱 棣文的大会演讲： The energy problem and what we can do to solve it. 他说，美国人均天然能源消耗是每年3500 亿 焦耳，人们（包括物理学家）对这个数字没有概念。现代社会到来之前，财富一般按有多少牲畜、佣人来计算。 如果把人均 天然能源消耗折算成维持一个干活的人生存所需能量的话，美国的能耗水平相当于 把人均 1000个佣人给他干活，欧洲人平均每人有500个佣人，中国的人均能耗相当于每人有100个佣人，所以现代化的生活水平比过去顾几十个佣人的有钱人家高。但是如果要进一步提高发展中国家人民的生活水平，需要将能源的使用效率最大化，也需要新的能源。 朱棣文当了Lawrence Berkeley Lab 主任后，这个国家实验室的研究重点转移到可再生能源上，尤其各种提高太阳能利用率的研究。 朱 棣文说他在贝尔实验室长大，贝尔实验室出了 15 位诺贝尔奖获得者。该实验室成功的秘诀是只雇年轻人：研究生毕业或刚做完博士后的年轻人，也有个别拿到助理教授职位的人，给这些年轻人自由、宽松的工作环境，有充分的资金，不受官僚们的干预。 可以在网上看讲演的录像： http://www.aaas.org/meetings/Annual_Meeting/2007_San_Fran/lectures/chu/chu.ram 最好是和PPT 片子一起看: http://www.aaas.org/meetings/Annual_Meeting/2007_San_Fran/lectures/chu/chu.ppt
http://thisisdongdongqiang.cn/archives/1577 枪： 前些天，奥巴马胜选演说开始在网上流传，就想起：或可搞个文言版本出来。 不过当时没想自己弄，只去某文言网站留了条言，提了个建议。结果，过了几天去看，发现并没有动静。于是才想，或者可以自己弄弄看？ 于是，上周五译了两三段，周末用工作加班、看碟读书之外的时间把剩下的部分也搞出来了。下边就是。 我没什么文言功底，更没拿文言写过东西。来不了古奥的，只会用些浅近的夹生文言，大概意译一下。如果说范本的话，倒是有些地方故意模仿民国时各路军政要人通电、讲演的语气像不像三分样吧。 本来想，还有一个办法是更加洒狗血一点儿，在文言里加上各路方言土语俏皮话儿歇后语之类。那就是另一个玩儿法了。 译好之后，有点儿没信心，发给某文言小能手看了一下，问这玩意儿可以一贴么？人家鼓励我半天，说已经不错了，贴吧。可是不久，又发来人家自己翻译的几段，一看我就晕了先秦范儿的 其实，当年林语堂还曾以夹生北京话翻译《独立宣言》，如今我以半吊子文言翻译奥巴马讲演，算是很对得起他们了。 咳，嘛对得起对不起的！乐呵儿乐呵儿得了 〈奥巴马胜选演说文言版〉 东东枪 译 Hello，Chicago! 芝城父老，别来无恙， If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 余尝闻世人有疑，不知当今美利坚凡事皆可成就耶？开国先贤之志方岿然于世耶？民主之伟力不减于昔年耶？凡存诸疑者，今夕当可释然。 Its the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference. 今夕之释然，皆蒙美利坚民众之协力学塾祠庙之外，市井乡野之间，万千父老心焦似焚，苦待竟日，愿献一票之力。其中，平生未尝涉国事者，数亦不少，而今有此义举，皆因一念不衰今夫天下，非同既往，愿发吁天之声，必成动地之势。 Its the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America. 今夕之释然，皆仰吾国同胞之齐心何谈贫富老幼之差、党社宗族之异，惶论发肤肌体之别、志趣爱恶之分。吾国既以合众为名，吾辈则更无疏离之意，红蓝二党并肩而立，数十邦州挽手相合，无分你我，共称一家，昂然于世，齐声一呼，天下乃有此释然。 Its the answer that led those whove been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day. 今夕之释然，皆因愤懑者之镇静，忧惧者之勇气，犹疑者之笃定平素世间种种，消磨其志向，溃灭其梦想，而值此风云之际，除旧更新，当仁不让，倾力而动乾坤者，更何人哉！ Its been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America. 俟之诚久，其志弥坚。幸天地明察，乃有今日，乃有此刻，乃有此一选举，乃有我亿万美利坚大好国民吾邦之大变革，方得自兹而始也！ A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain. Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And hes fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that theyve achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nations promise in the months ahead. 顷接参议员麦君凯恩电，虽未得晤，幸有一谈，其言谆谆，其意诚诚，鄙人感佩 之至。选战期内，麦君劳碌几重，奔波几许，皆为国家计。诸般求索，时日良多，皆非余所能及。于国于民之惊人牺牲，亦非庸庸如吾辈者所可想见。以麦君之胆魄 襟怀，能为吾邦所用，实国家之幸，万民之幸也。前途漫漫，其事未竟，余所盼瞩由衷者，唯共麦凯恩君、佩林君，及诸贤士比肩，会吾等之绵力，成吾邦之大业。 I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden. 乔君拜登，亦吾所感铭至深者也。竞选之业，艰险不足与外人道，幸有乔君之辅佐，其诚天可鉴之。乔君其人，素言恳辞切，意笃情真，盖尝经斯兰克顿街乡邻之提命，饱聆特拉华州父老之晤教也。他日余既登总统之位，乔君必当副之。 And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nations next first lady Michelle Obama. 拙荆米氏，追随鄙人凡一十六年，既为爱侣，更为挚友，既为吾阖家之基石，又乃余终生之至爱。鄙人尝自忖度，倘无贤妻若此，今朝阔论高谈于此处者，不知何人矣！ Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy thats coming with us to the new White House. 小女萨沙、玛丽，余素深喜之。昔日为父尝与汝等言，此番选战若得一胜，愿购小犬一头相赠，待阖家乔迁总统府邸之日，偕汝等同进吾宅。今当胜负已出，既有一诺在前，必自践行不欺也。 And while shes no longer with us, I know my grandmothers watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is beyond measure. 祖母大人虽已仙逝，料必有灵在天，俯察人寰，想应颔首开颜矣。吾奥巴马氏列祖列宗，亦当如是。今日今时，此情此景，鄙人追思之心，乌鸟之情，曷其有极！唯生死陌路，仙凡有别，虽怀反哺之心，而无答报之门也！ To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that youve given me. I am grateful to them. 至若玛雅、艾玛二姐妹，以及吾家诸同胞，所惠我者，亦属良多，久沐恩德，此当拜谢。 And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America.To my chief strategist David Axelrod whos been a partner with me every step of the way.To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what youve sacrificed to get it done. 大卫普劳夫君，大卫阿克塞罗德君，一为鄙人竞选事务之经理，一为鄙人国事韬略之智囊。余尝自喟叹，左右谋士，余所仰赖者，皆亘古未见之贤才。普阿二君，则更此中之翘楚。区区不才，有何德能，可得膀臂若此？当此功成之际，感荷之心，亦自拳拳。 But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you. 至于鄙人铭之肺腑，须臾不敢忘怀者，则诸位也。盖今日鄙人之胜绩，实诸位之胜绩，鄙人之荣光，实诸位之荣光！ I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didnt start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause. 余素朴陋，虽有参选之心，并无必胜之志。谋事之初，银资乏匮，从者寥寥；起事之地，皆蔽寓荒斋，不在高阁；成事之基，无非寻常百姓，涓滴之献。 It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generations apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep. It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth. 今日之胜，有赖一众热血青年，抛其家，别其室，不辞其苦，不计其酬，矻矻于 此国中青年爱国之心已泯之谬论，今可休矣！今日之胜，有赖壮志未已之诸前辈，无惧寒暑，行走奔波，劝说民众。今日之胜，乃数百万美利坚民众之胜， 察其意，皆属踊跃为国，观其行，处处谨严有序，足堪告慰二百年前开国之先贤民有、民治、民享之政体，未尝动摇也！ This is your victory. 嗟夫！此实诸位之功也！ And I know you didnt do this just to win an election. And I know you didnt do it for me.You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. 余知诸君之意非在此一选举，亦非在鄙人一身。盖瞻前路之艰辛，益知此任非同小可也。虽今夕欢贺于此，而明朝酒醒，大患仍自当前，不容有怠两地烽烟熊熊而起，四海之内纷纷而乱，金融业界惶惶而不得宁。 Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how theyll make the mortgage or pay their doctors bills or save enough for their childs college education. Theres new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet, alliances to repair. 是夜，饮宴笙歌之声不绝于耳，而异邦大漠群山中，吾国大好青年，兀自苦戍边 塞，惝恍竟夜，性命尚未得安。吾国千万庶民，为人父母者，兀自惴惴难眠，所忧者，乃房宅所贷、病患之费、抚育之资也。至若吾国能源之耗，百业之兴，庠序之 教，攻伐之术，怀远之道，亦皆吾等忡忡挂怀者也。 The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you, we as a people will get there. 渺渺乎其远，如不可达，危危乎其高，若不可攀。朝夕岁月，焉得成就？余不揣愚钝，愿以四载韶华，付诸此业，胜算何如虽不可知，然昂扬必胜之奇志，成就伟业之壮怀，平生未之有也。君子一诺，其重何如，此地今夕，愿斗胆发一狂言吾辈既在，其事必成！ There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who wont agree with every decision or policy I make as president. And we know the government cant solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way its been done in America for 221 years block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand. 逶迤坎坷，份内之事。异见争端，料必有之。国中之政府，谅非无所不能者。余 所秉承不移者，唯忠信矣。倘有危难于前，必无欺瞒于世。诸君言论臧否，纵悖逆相左之议，余必当洗耳以聆。于此之外，更当恳请诸君，不吝心血，致力报效，以 振吾美利坚重兴之业。余亦别无他想，唯盼吾侪协力，延继吾国既肇二百二十一年之大统，汇涓滴之力，而成万世之业。 What began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek. It is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cant happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice. 昔年冬日，余有志于斯，投身此业，屈指算来，倏然近二载矣。当此秋夜，追思 反省，仍无溃退逃亡之意。选战之胜，无非一役之功，余梦寐所思矢志所求者，非在乎此。溯源究本，此役之胜，不过革世变时一大好良机耳。倘止步于斯，垂手而 待，或无诸君倾力相援，则壮志丰功，无非泡影，诸般梦想，终必虚妄。 So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other. Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, its that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers. In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people. 爱国之心，报国之念，吾人固有之，然逢今日之世，此心此念亦当一变吾辈各执己业，益当各竭其力，各尽其命，非但为一己之利，而更期普世之荣。今岁，金融业界动荡多舛，细审观之，当可以之为鉴实业之损，亦是金融之伤。可知，既在邦域之内，吾辈荣辱休戚，皆相与共矣！ Lets resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Lets remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.Those are values that we all share. 党争纷纭，阴谋卑鄙，愚鲁无知，皆腐蚀清白、惑乱政局之弊也，其缘由已久，余今愿与诸君协力，共灭除之。昔年曾有此郡先贤，执共和党之帜，而掌总统府之权。自强独立，自由统一等信念，皆斯人之所倡，亦吾辈之所宗。 And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. 今岁选战，吾民主党人幸有一胜，然谦逊和合之心未尝少减。余素信服者，乃山河破碎之际，林肯总统之言既是至亲，终不为敌。虽弩张剑拔，而血脉未尝断，情义不少减。 And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices. I need your help. And I will be your president, too. 固然，仍有四方志士，不为鄙人所动，另有高明之选。虽终悭此一票之缘，然诸君高论，余亦声声在耳，字字在心。倘能得诸君之援手，鄙人幸甚。他日待余总而统之，亦必不另眼以待也。 And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world, our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. 吾邦民众，散居天下，各安其命，而其志一也。吾邦鼎盛之势，今已乍现锋芒。 To those to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security: We support you. And to all those who have wondered if Americas beacon still burns as bright: Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity and unyielding hope. 至于心怀叵测，与世人为仇、与天下为敌者，吾邦猛志常在，彼等必取灭亡。心 思纯良，久慕大同者，吾辈当倾力以助，鼎力相援。犹疑未定，不知吾自由之邦兴衰如何者，吾辈愿以今日盛况以告之美利坚之所以谓之美者，非刀兵之 强，金银之众，实民主、自由、机遇、梦想之美也！ Thats the true genius of America: that America can change. Our union can be perfected. What weve already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow. 天自有道，地自有德，恩赋吾邦无上异禀无他，唯变而已矣。美利坚变革不怠，合众国日趋尽善。当以过往先贤之伟绩，助吾侪今日之雄心，开子孙万世之辉光。 This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one thats on my mind tonights about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. Shes a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing: Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old. 今岁选战，多开亘古之先，屡传千秋佳话。感我至深者，亚特兰大之老妪安尼克松库帕也库氏之一票，于数百万美利坚民众之选票无异，其所以引人称奇者，其人今岁高龄一百有六矣。 She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldnt vote for two reasons because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin. 当其父辈之时，天道不彰，黑人为奴。库氏其生也不逢时，汽车尚不行于道，飞机未曾起于空，库氏既属黑人，又系女流，票选一事，概无瓜葛。 And tonight, I think about all that shes seen throughout her century in America the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we cant, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can. 今日今时，回溯库氏百岁之涯，但见吾邦先贤屡败屡战，且退且进，悲欣交集，甘苦杂陈。幸而正道存焉，壮志存焉，曰：吾辈既在，无所不能。 At a time when womens voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can. 万马齐喑，其事堪哀，吾邦女界怒而起，愤而争，苦战不歇，历数十载。幸哉库氏，以百岁之高龄，终得亲见女流自立于世，重获天赋之权吾辈既在，无所不能！ When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs, a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can. 当百业萧条，国人绝望哀鸣之际，库氏亲见吾美利坚出旷世之新政，挽狂澜于既倒，扶大厦之将倾，退畏惧之势，扶奋勇之心，终至人各有位，民心乃安吾辈既在，无所不能！ When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can. 当吾国良港遭袭，天下桀纣当道，暴政肆虐之时，库氏亲见豪杰群起，民主不衰吾辈既在，无所不能！ She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that We Shall Overcome. Yes we can. 蒙哥马利公车之罢辍，伯明翰城黑人之群起，塞尔玛城血雨腥风之事，库氏般般亲历。更曾亲聆亚特兰大传教之士振臂登高之呼吾等必胜！诚哉斯言！吾辈既在，无所不能！ A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can. 俟科学昌明于世，创想通贯一时，既登广寒之阙，又溃柏林之墙。洋洋乎！有百年如是，乃见今岁选战中，库氏之一票。浩浩兮！一百零六载交锋更迭，方有美利坚今日之变革吾辈既在，无所不能！ America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made? 转眼兴亡过手，而今迈步从头。追昔抚今，不禁扪心而问俟再历百年岁月，倘吾等后辈儿孙，亦有得享高寿如库氏者，复可见何等之变数？吾辈今日之功，他年可得而见之乎？ This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time, to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth, that, out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope. And where we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we cant, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes, we can. 所谓天命时运，莫过于此当为吾邦万民造安身立命之业，为吾辈儿孙启各显 雄才之门，为寰宇各国创太平静好之世，为吾等壮志赋千秋不灭之元神。吾邦立国之本，必将光耀于天下。万千同胞，当如一人，一息尚存，梦想不灭。纵有世人旁 观在侧，而疑窦生焉，吾辈亦当以千秋不易之训共答之曰吾辈既在，无所不能！ Thank you. God bless you. And may God bless the United States of America. 拜谢诸君。愿天佑吾民，天佑吾邦。
今天美国又诞生了一个奇迹，美国人选出了他们国家历史上的第一位黑人总统，美国今天奉献给美国总统选举史上一个全新得记录。 奥巴马是谁？我知道多少？其实，我一点也不了解他。这一年多来，每天我都可以从报纸、电视、网络上看到他的名字，但我甚至都没有去阅读过他的简历，因为这跟我没多大的关系。奥巴马与众不同，以前没有任何政绩，没有固定的形象，想怎么装扮就怎么装扮。于是他打出的是：Change, We need ， We Can ，这样的竞选宣言吸引了大批的年轻人。面对美国目前的危机，奥巴马的话让年轻人们热血沸腾。奥巴马在选举只有 48 小时时走到哪里都是那么几句激动人心的话：这次选举不是关于我，而是关于你们的。我们一起，先改变 XX 州，然后我们就可以改变国家！改变世界！！ 奥巴马真能改变美国？真能改变世界吗？我真的不想再多说了，只想说，如果麦凯恩改变不了世界，奥巴马照样改变不了。在目前国际环境下和内政外交之下（尤其是经济危机），奥巴马上台后，能够改变华盛顿和美国几个州的经济情况，已经算是不错了更不用说改变世界。 毫无疑问，全球所有的人都认定，2008年美国总统大选是具有历史意义的，那就是肤色！一个白色，一个黑色，两位总统候选人代表了美国的历史。奥巴马当选美国总统之所以改变世界，就是应为这个改变是从人的内心开始的，而世界的改变往往是由人类内心的改变而引发的。这以为这半个世纪前马丁－路德－金那场历史最伟大的演讲之一I have a dream开始实现。人类已经开始消弱种族歧视，美国 这个世界上最强大的国家，也是这个世界上曾经有过最惨痛的种族歧视的国家，出现了一位黑人总统。 奥巴马当选首先是给美国少数族裔特别是黑人族群带来新的希望。这将改变少数族裔的地位，提升他们自身的发展。 奥巴马当选美国总统对于生活在美国甚至全世界的华人华侨也是一个振奋人心的消息。要知道，很多黑人的祖先都是奴隶和偷渡客的后代，而中国人现在虽然背井离乡，却很少是被当奴隶卖出去的。中国人在国外大多只注重经济利益，而不怎么关心所在国的政治，这也导致中国人移民后，很少出现专业政客，为自己的同胞谋求政治利益。这次奥巴马的当选登上美国最高权力宝座给所有居住在民主国家的华人华侨带来新的启示和巨大的希望。 奥巴马当选美国总统的意义就在这里了，美国已经有几十个清一色的白人男性总统了，但没有一个总统被选上后，可以像奥巴马被选上时那样，全世界都可以自豪的说，世界已经被改变，新的历史被创造了！
今年是美国的总统选举年，选举结果全世界瞩目，最后结果要到年底才出。 今年的焦点是美国会出现第一位黑人总统或者第一位女总统吗？ 目前民主党参选人奥巴马与希拉里的选情目前仍难分胜负，初选投票竞争之激烈，前所未见。奥巴马身为黑人，能够作为民主党候选人，首先他应该感谢的人是 马丁 路德 金 。 马丁 路德 金的正式姓名是小马丁 路德 金 ，许多人都习惯称他为马丁 路德 金。 金博士是美国当代史上最著名的黑人民权领袖，记得美国小学生的音乐教材就有好几首关月他的歌曲。他的名字在世界上几乎无人不晓。 1963年8月28号，二十五万黑人为争取民权在首都华盛顿集会。在林肯纪念堂门口马丁.路德.金博士在集会上发表了他著名的演讲我有一个梦想。 1964 年，金博士三十五岁，他获得了当年的诺贝尔和平奖。 1968 年 4 月 4 号 , 马丁 路德 金博士在田纳西州孟菲斯罗林酒店的阳台上遇刺。凶手的一颗子弹击中了他的颈部 , 马丁 路德 金博士不幸遇难 , 年仅三十九岁。 尽管今日的美国，种族问题还远非得到完全解决，但是回过头去看， 正是 金博士的努力，才有今年美国总统大选第一次出现黑人候选人，民主党总统候选人提名的巴拉克.奥巴马。 要知道，在40多年前的美国，黑人甚至连选举权也没有。 贝拉克 奥巴马（ Barack Obama ）是非洲裔美国人，伊利诺伊州联邦参议员，在黑人选民中占有强大优势。也许今年美国真会出现第一位黑人总统，那时美国和 奥巴马都要感谢 马丁 路德 金博士。 昨天是 金博士遇刺40周年，下文是当年他著名的演讲稿《 我有一个梦想 》。 I have a Dream By Martin Luther King, Jr. （ Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963 ） Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would beguarranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on thispromissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, which has come back marked insufficient funds. But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, formany of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, When will you be satisfied? We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring. And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. When we let freedom ring, whem we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!
标签: 奥巴马
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