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伴随着初级医疗发展及医疗质量提高的前进步伐,中国医疗改革仍然是政府的当务之急。尽管取得巨大进展,中国仍然在医疗标准方面存在着巨大的城乡差距。各种面临的挑战包括社区医疗投资的迫切需要、受过良好训练的医护工作者的短缺、循证处方用药实践的提高及对处方用药控制的加强等。 《柳叶刀》杂志继续支持中国的临床研究者及医疗专家。杂志的3月3日版刊登了以中国医疗卫生改革及临床研究为主题的最新专题。杂志的2013中国版主题将提供进一步的机会以介绍中国地区公共卫生及临床研究的一些出色成果,并讨论医疗卫生改革计划的执行进展情况。2013年中国专题作为香港中文大学十五周年诞辰的内容之一,参照当年六月于香港举办的专题大会进行刊登发表。专题除了关注临床实践的进展,其主要议题还将包括食品安全、人口迁移及社会政策对民生的影响等。 杂志诚邀来自中国的高水平研究以及关于中国医疗卫生的其它地区研究团队的投稿。杂志将优先考虑增强疾病预防及临床治疗循证性的随机试验研究及关于医疗系统评估的研究文章。欢迎关于非传染性疾病处理进展及改善老年人医护等方面的文章。另外,杂志也欢迎所有可能改变中国及其它地区临床及公共卫生实践的研究投稿。请于2012年11月22日之前在线投稿,并在附函中注明应稿。 投稿网址:http://ees.elsevier.com/thelancet Lancet. 2012 Mar 3;379(9818):787. China - a call for papers. Francis Chan , Jin Ling Tang , Sian Griffiths , Joseph Sung , Michael R Phillips , Helena Wang . Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Suicide Research and Prevention Centre, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China. Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. The Lancet, Beijing 100738, China. Health-care reform in China remains high on the political agenda as moves are made to develop the role of primary care and improve the quality of care. Whilst good progress is being made, large discrepancies still exist between standards of care in rural and urban areas of China. Recognised challenges include the need for investment in community-based care, a shortage of appropriately trained health-care workers, and the promotion of evidence-based prescribing practice and control of prescribing. The Lancet continues to support clinical researchers and health professionals in China, and today publishes its latest issue themed around China's health-care reform and clinical research. The Lancet's 2013 China themed issue will provide a further opportunity to present some of the outstanding public health and clinical research being carried out in China, and review progress on implementation of the health-care reform programme. The 2013 China issue will be published to coincide with a symposium to be held in Hong Kong in June, 2013 as part of the fiftieth anniversary of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In addition to advances in clinical practice, major themes including food safety, migration, and the effect of social policies on people's livelihood will be addressed. We invite submissions of high-quality research from China or from research teams working on health in China. Priority will be given to reports of randomised trials that advance the evidence-base of prevention and clinical treatment of disease, and to articles about research on health-system evaluation. Reports on progress in tackling non-communicable diseases, as well as improving care for the elderly, will be welcome. Other studies that have the potential to change clinical and public health practice in China and other countries in the region are also welcome. Please submit manuscripts online before Nov 22, 2012, and mention in your cover letter that the submission is in response to this call for papers. To submit a paper go to http://ees.elsevier.com/thelancet
蒋高明 99. 国外转基因“事件”有哪些? 答:(1)关于Pusztai事件 英国Rowett研究所Pusztai博士用转雪花莲凝集素基因的马铃薯喂大鼠,1998年秋在英国电视台发表讲话,声称大鼠食用后“体重和器官重量减轻,免 疫系统受到破坏”。此事引起国际轰动,绿色和平组织、地球之友等组织称其为“杀手”马铃薯,策划了破坏试验地、焚烧转基因作物、阻止转基因产品进出口、游行示威等活动 。英国政府对此非常重视,委托皇家学会组织了同行评审,评审结果指出Pusztai的实验结论不成立,存在六方面的错误,即不能确定转基因和非转基因马铃薯的化学成分有差异; 对食用转基因马铃薯的大鼠未补充蛋白质以防止饥饿;供试动物数量少,饲喂几种不同的食物,且都不是大鼠的标准食物,缺少统计学意义;实验设计不合理,未作双盲测定;统 计方法不当;实验结果无一致性等。 事情果然如此吗?真的存在六方面的错误吗?北京大学科学与社会研究中心科学技术哲学专业硕士生何玲撰文指出了这件事情的疑点: (1)访谈Pusztai的电视节目于1998年8月10日播出,3天后即被Rowett研究所劝退,并不是等到皇家学会于99年5月公布调查结果之后。 (2)1999年10月,权威医学期刊The Lancet发表了Pusztai与其合作者Stanley Ewen共同署名发表的就这一研究的论文,而皇家学会的调查评论发表于1999年5月,皇家学会为什么没有等 到Pusztai的研究正式发表之后再来作结论呢? (3)Pusztai在Rowett研究所工作了35年,已经发表了270篇论文和3本专著,何以这样一位老资格的科学家在自己熟悉的领域里的研究会有6方面如此之多的错误? Pusztai发表的论文引起了欧洲对转基因食品安全性的怀疑,也触动了生物技术寡头的利益。英国首相办公室两个电话打到Pusztai工作过的研究所,并在三天内被解雇。《新科学 家》(New Scientist)杂志以“转基因土豆的英雄传奇原来是一出闹剧”的标题撰文写道:“对转基因食品的可怕的警告被证明是错误的,引起恐慌的大鼠实验根本就没有做。” 但是,1999年2月21名科学家的一份联合声明使得Pusztai一下子从犯了错误的科学家变成了维护公众利益的悲剧英雄。1999年2月12日,分别来自9个国家的21名科学家发表声明支 持Pusztai,要求Rowett研究所免除Pusztai的罪名,呼吁先行研究转基因生物体的未能预见的危害,在此之前暂停转基因作物的种植。科学家们谴责Rowett研究所主任Philip James剥夺了Pusztai的言论自由并且压制了科学数据,Pusztai从此成为维护公众利益而勇敢揭露生物公司内幕并因此被阴谋迫害的英雄。英国众议院的一些成员立刻要求暂停转基 因作物的种植,并争论政府或者生物技术公司是否压制了对他们不利的科研数据。 后来,英国著名的柳叶刀杂志(The Lancet)正式发表Pusztai的论文就是证实了Pusztai的研究结果。柳叶刀主编Horton征求了六位评审人意见,六位中有五位同意发表,其中有一 位评审人认为Pusztai的数据是“有错误的”,但是他说“我希望看到这篇文章公开发表,这样同行的科学家们可以作出自己的判断……如果不发表这篇文章的话,那就可能有压制 不利数据的嫌疑”。 国内停转专家仅引用的是《新科学家》对Pusztai实验结果的单方面指责,完全没有引用后面《柳叶刀》对该事件的进一步事实澄清。这好比看一场悬念片,仅看到一半就匆忙下了 结论。而国内学者得到的信息是从某些转基因推手断章取义得来的,是选择性失明。 《农业转基因生物知识100问》中的第99问依然以讹传讹,就是对国内读者的知情权不尊重了。 最近,笔者收到美国著名学者Jeffrey M. Smith 的电子邮件,他在《Biotech's Dirty Tricks Exposed in New Documentary Scientists Under Attack》一文中,重新回顾了 Pusztai事件始末。因为时间关系,不能翻译成中文,这里特将一些关键的句子用黑体加横线标准出来,供有兴趣的读者参考。 The insect-killing, career-ending potato "As a scientist looking at it and actively working on the field, I find that it's very, very unfair to use our fellow citizens as guinea pigs." - Arpad Pusztai, UK's World in Action TV show When Dr. Pusztai voiced his concerns about the health risks of genetically modified (GM) foods during a nationally televised interview in August 1998, his was not simply just another voice in a contentious debate. Pusztai was the world leader in his field, and he had received major government funding to come up with the official method for testing the safety of GM foods. His protocols were supposed to become the required tests before any new GMO entered the European market. Pusztai was an insider, and an advocate of GM foods—that is until he actually ran those tests on supposedly harmless GM potatoes. The high-tech spuds were engineered to produce their own pesticide. "The point of the whole genetic modification experiment was to protect the potato against aphids, which are one of the major pests in Scotland," he said. His team inserted a gene from the snowdrop plant into the potatoes, which did in fact protect the GM crop from the insects. As part of his safety studies, he fed that insecticide producing GM potato to rats, along with a complete and balanced diet. Another group of rats ate natural potatoes. A third was fed not only the natural potatoes, but they also received a dose of the same insecticide that the GM potato produced. This way, if the insecticide was harmful, he would see the same health problems in both the group that ate the GM potatoes, and those that ate the diet spiked with the insecticide. To his surprise, only those that ate the GM potato had severe problems—in every organ and every system he looked at. Massive health problems linked to GMOs "After the animals were killed and dissected," Pusztai recalled, "we found out that in comparison with the non-genetically modified potatoes, their internal organs developed differently." The intestines and stomach lining, for example, increased in size, the liver and kidneys were smaller, and the overall rate of growth was retarded. And the immune system suffered. Pusztai emphasized, "They found in those data 36 – 36! – very highly significant differences between the GM-fed animals and the non-GM fed animals." Since the rats that ate the natural potatoes plus the insecticide did not have these issues, there was one obvious conclusion—the process of genetically engineering the potatoes caused unpredicted side effects, turning a harmless food into a dangerous one. When Pusztai saw the extensive damage that his potatoes caused in the lab animals, he also realized that if biotech companies had done the safety studies, the dangerous potatoes would have easily made it to market. He knew this because a few months earlier, he had reviewed the confidential submissions from the biotech companies which allowed their GM soy and corn onto the market. "They were flimsy," he said. "They were not scientifically well founded." They would never detect the changes in GMO-fed animals. Reading the industry studies was a turning point in Pusztai's life. He realized what he was doing and what the industry scientists were doing was diametrically opposed. He was doing safety studies. Companies like Monsanto, on the other hand, were doing as little as possible to get their foods on the market as quickly as possible. Pusztai also realized that the GM soy and corn already on the market had been produced using the same process that had created his dangerous potato. Thus, the GM crops being consumed in the UK and the US might lead to similar damage in the gut, brain and organs of the entire population . Thus, during his TV interview, Pusztai flatly stated: "If I had the choice, I would certainly not eat until I see at least comparable experimental evidence which we are producing for genetically modified potatoes ." Ambushed After the TV show aired, Pusztai was a hero at his prestigious Rowett Institute, where the director praised his work to the press, calling it world-class research. After two days of high-profile media coverage throughout Europe, however, the director received two phone calls from the UK Prime Minister's Office . "It's only when we think there was political pressure coming from the top that the situation changed," said Pusztai. "And then the director, to save his own skin, decided that the best way to deal with the situation A) to destroy me, B) to make me shut up." Pusztai was told the next morning that his contract would not be renewed, he was silenced with threats of a lawsuit, his team was disbanded, and the protocols were not to be implemented in GMO safety assessments. And then came the attacks . Coordinated between the Institute, biotech academics, and even the pro-GMO UK government, a campaign to destroy Pusztai's reputation was launched. They were determined to counter the negative media coverage and protect the reputation of GMOs—even if it meant promoting blatant lies and sacrificing a top scientist's career. Because Pusztai was gagged, he said, "whatever they did say on TV, radio and wrote in the newspapers, I could not deny it, I could not correct it, I could not say what was the real situation." "The most hurtful thing of all," remembers Pusztai's wife Susan, "was that he wasn't allowed to talk to his colleagues and his colleagues were not allowed to talk to him. So whenever he entered a room, they went silent within seconds." After seven excruciating months, a committee at the UK Parliament invited Pusztai to speak. This lifted the gag order, which allowed Pusztai to ultimately publish his research, and be interviewed for this film.
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB014e6m3o22qzazI26I49I0 78 documents semantically analyzed Top Years Publications 2008 25 2010 12 2007 7 2009 5 2005 5 2003 5 2004 4 2006 3 2002 3 1997 3 1998 1 1994 1 1995 1 1987 1 1990 1 1991 1 Top Countries Publications China 78 Switzerland 3 United Kingdom 1 Top Cities Publications Beijing, China 40 Shanghai, China 7 Laizhou 6 Xi'an 4 Guangzhou 4 Nanjing 3 Geneva 3 Wuhan 2 Kunming 2 Changping 2 Shantou 2 Hangzhou 2 Liverpool 1 Changsha 1 Dalian 1 Anyang 1 rmqi 1 Top Journals Publications Lancet 78 1 2 3 ... 38 Top Terms Publications Humans 77 China 53 Adult 34 Middle Aged 21 Aged 15 Child 15 Adolescent 13 Patients 12 Health Care Reform 11 Prevalence 11 Asian Continental Ancestry Group 10 Disease Outbreaks 10 Women 9 Public Health 9 Child, Preschool 9 Delivery of Health Care 8 antigen binding 8 Men 7 Antibodies 7 Rural Health 7 1 2 3 ... 38 1 2 3 ... 25 Top Authors Publications Phillips M 3 Gao Z 2 Zhang Y 2 Guan Y 2 Yang G 2 Li S 2 Hui S 1 Yu X 1 Huang Y 1 Qu G 1 Xu J 1 Ke Y 1 Xu D 1 Sun B 1 Wan X 1 Tang S 1 Guo Y 1 Shibuya K 1 Cheng G 1 Rao K 1 1 2 3 ... 25
荷兰 爱思唯尔 (Elsevier)出版 公司 最小气啦,世界四大医学名刊,就《柳叶刀》》(The Lancet)医学杂志没有免费开放。 全部免费医学期刊见 http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/index.htm#top 1. New England Journal of Medicine English ISSN: 0028-4793 EISSN: 1533-4406 FMJ Impact: 45,138 ISI Impact Factor: 47.050 Free after 6 months 1993-present Certain sections are free after 6 months. 3. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association English ISSN: 0098-7484 EISSN: 1538-3598 FMJ Impact: 23,399 ISI Impact Factor: 28.899 Free after 6 months 1883-present Certain sections are free after 6 months. 4. BMJ (British Medical Journal) English ISSN: 0959-8154 EISSN: 1468-5833 FMJ Impact: 15,612 ISI Impact Factor: 12.827 Free after 36 months 1988-present Title was 'British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)' until 1987. Free access to all articles prior to 2006. A one-time registration needs to be completed to access the archive, here: http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/register
详细信息见 http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=16590tip=sidclean=0 Lancet Country : United Kingdom Subject Area : Medicine Subject Category : Medicine (miscellaneous) Publisher : The Lancet Publishing Group . Publication type : Journals. ISSN : 01406736, 1474547X Coverage: 1823-2009 H Index : 375 Scope: The Lancet is the world leading independent general medical journal. The journal coverage is international in focus and extends to The Lancet is the world leading independent general medical journal. The journal coverage is international in focus and extends to all aspects of human health. The Lancet is published weekly from editorial offices in London and New York. It aims to publish the best original primary research papers, and review articles of the highest standard. The Lancet is stringently edited and peer-reviewed to ensure the scientific merit and clinical relevance of its diverse content. Drawing on an international network of advisers and contributors, The Lancet meets the needs of physicians by adding to their clinical knowledge and alerting them to current issues affecting the practise of medicine worldwide. ( source ) Show full scope Charts Data SJR indicator vs. Cites per Doc (2y) // The SJR indicator measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is. Cites per Doc. (2y) measures the scientific impact of an average article published in the journal, it is computed using the same formula that journal impact factor (Thomson Reuters). Citation vs. Self-Citation // Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. Cites per Document vs. External Cites per Document // Evolution of the number of total cites per document and external cites per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. Cites per Document in 2, 3 and 4 years windows // Evolution of Citations per Document to a journal's published documents during the two, three and four previous years. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor (Thomson Reuters) metric. International Collaboration // International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country. Journal's Citable vs. Non Citable Documents // Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore citable, this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers, reviews and short reviews) in three years windows. Journal's Cited vs. Uncited Documents // Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year. Indicators 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 SJR 0,780 0,859 0,997 0,982 1,080 1,363 1,630 1,720 1,576 1,587 Total Documents 2.894 2.683 2.750 2.337 2.259 1.924 1.624 1.794 1.684 1.647 Total Docs. (3years) 8.195 8.301 8.440 8.327 7.770 7.346 6.520 5.807 5.342 5.102 Total References 21.272 18.334 18.343 20.061 23.598 24.338 23.697 25.842 27.325 24.570 Total Cites (3years) 25.926 33.033 37.270 35.311 35.765 38.311 39.846 38.704 33.620 32.490 Self Cites (3years) 538 490 687 664 612 635 690 802 808 836 Citable Docs. (3years) 2.824 3.405 3.592 3.531 3.270 3.274 2.903 2.518 2.289 2.240 Cites / Doc. (4years) 9,18 10,08 10,70 9,90 10,74 11,69 12,49 14,76 13,98 14,07 Cites / Doc. (3years) 9,18 9,70 10,38 10,00 10,94 11,70 13,73 15,37 14,69 14,50 Cites / Doc. (2years) 8,39 8,83 10,45 9,75 10,32 12,76 13,67 16,39 15,20 11,88 References / Doc. 7,35 6,83 6,67 8,58 10,45 12,65 14,59 14,40 16,23 14,92 Cited Docs. 3.781 4.084 4.207 4.063 3.619 3.337 3.054 2.847 2.513 2.368 Uncited Docs. 4.414 4.217 4.233 4.264 4.151 4.009 3.466 2.960 2.829 2.734 % International Collaboration 6,84 11,29 17,78 21,91 19,34 20,74 23,03 19,12 22,33 22,34