蒋高明 记得从2007年开始，国内很多媒体都在关注国际农业资本对国内大豆和食用油市场的争夺。海关总署更发出预警，指出外资企业在我国粮食领域的控制力正在加强。跨国投资企业 丰益国际，斥资30亿美元进驻东北，企图垄断国内非转基因大豆的市场。 入住黑龙江省的丰益国际，已投巨资收购东北大豆的跨国企业，早在2006年就开始在黑龙江省圈地建厂。他们建立的工厂其规模黑龙江省内最大的，包括一个大型油脂加工厂 ，一个仓储工厂，有十多万平方米。外资进驻后，整个把货源进行控制，那就是对价格走势造成很大的影响。 以丰益国际、嘉吉、邦基、ADM和路易达孚为代表的跨国资本，最擅长的手段就是利用资金优势，通过资本运作消灭对手，垄断市场，从而实现操控价格，牟取巨额利润的目的，来 中国之前，他们已经用这样的办法控制了拉美等地的粮食市场。2004年，跨国巨头盯上了中国大豆，他们利用期货把大豆价格一路拉到了每吨4300元的历史高价，诱使国内榨油企 业集中采购了约300万吨的美国大豆，随后又一路把价格打压到每吨3100元，导致中国油脂企业半数破产，跨国粮商趁机利用并购、参股、合资等形式，控制了近60%的国内油脂企 业，国内最大的油脂加工企业九三集团也曾传出有外资试图参股的消息。 那些跨国粮商在中国办了很多大加工企业，但是他们不是为了通过加工企业加工产品在市场上赚钱，而是要通过办加工厂来消化他们从国际市场上倒来的大豆，他们主要是为了卖 大豆，以前许多外商也与我们谈过合作的问题，他们都有一个相似的条件，就是合作可以，但是你必须买我的大豆。 随着国内企业对进口大豆依存度逐步增加，进口大豆价格也从每吨2000多元一度猛涨到了6000元/吨的历史高价，国际粮商赚了个盆满钵满，然而跨国粮商在中国的布局并未结束， 2005年，跨国企业开始进入东北，收购非转基因大豆，让国内企业一时看不明白的是，他们竟然把高价生产的非转基因大豆油，用远低于转基因大豆油的价格推向了市场。 非转基因大豆是稀缺资源，非转基因大豆油是上等油，应该卖个好价格，可有的商家恶意在转基因大豆油旁边放一瓶非转基大豆油。几年万，转基因标价标价是56元一桶，非转基 因标价35元一桶。然后告诉消费者，哪个油好看标价就知道了，可消费者真要买这瓶非转基大豆油商家却不卖，其用心可想而知了。他们是将国产非转基因大豆彻底打垮后，好在 国内推广其转基因大豆，因为，中国人吃天然非转基因大豆的权利被彻底剥夺了。我国的大豆产业就是这么沦陷的。 跨国粮商为了争夺一个市场，他们可以在两三年内把产品价格压得很低，让竞争对手跟不上，抬不起头来，一般的企业都陪伴不起。随着低价油的抛出，国内油脂企业再此遭遇重 创，到2006年，东北半数以上的油脂企业处于倒闭、停产或半停产状态，而与此同时，跨国资本却迅速扩张，丰益国际其旗下控制的大豆压榨企业达到了12家，年压榨能力超过 1000万吨，占据了中国小包装食用油近85%的市场份额。 外资成功控制了中国大豆后，又在东北打粮食物流方面的主意，这是非常可怕的一件事情。跨国粮商控制南美大豆，恰恰是通过控制南美的物流来实现的，他们现在想把这种模式 复制到中国东北，东北的粮食物流一旦被外资控制了，其后果是非常严重的，那将会出现我们当家，他们来做主的局面。 更可怕的是，几大跨国粮商仿佛铁板一块，他们相互持有股份，捆绑在一起，利用丰富的国际贸易经验和资金优势，迅速完成了在中国市场的布局，现在国内 90多家榨油企业，有 64家已经变成外资独资或合资，中国85%的油脂加工总量已经被外资牢牢控制。狼来了，而且狼真的来了。 外国大豆迅猛的涌入，铺天盖地都进来了，2007年大概我们总进口量得达到3800万吨，我们国产大豆也就1600万吨，进口量是国产量的2倍多；而到2011年，中国进口的转基因大豆 达到了历史性的5300万吨，严重地对中国的大豆产业造成损害。中国大豆产业一步步退缩，进口大豆一步步逼近，最后中国大豆产业离彻底消亡的日子不远了。 大豆是这样，那么，玉米、小麦和水稻呢？外资正准备新一轮的粮食攻势，这就是在中国培养其代理人，用转基因垃圾粮食打开中国主流缺口，并进一步垄断之。且看下面的报道 ： 2012年2月18日，就在中国国家副主席习近平访美后不久，美国杜邦先锋就发出了这样的信号：中国一号文件让他们很舒服。这个消息来自美国一篇英文报道，主要内容是杜邦先锋 良种公司将与中国开展长期业务，该公司将改造中国的农业。这就是说，他们正在布局对中国粮食的垄断业务，并为中国农业绘制一张“宏伟的蓝图”。 该公司对中国说：我们将在你们国家创造一个农业革命。主要内容是：大量使用该公司转基因种子，大量使用该公司的大机器、化肥和农药，把中国天然有机小农经营农业改为规 模集约化经营的“化工农业”。为此，该公司说，中国新近颁布的“一号文件”让该公司感到“很舒服”，因为，中国农业终于开始用该公司的“专业语言”了。 提到先玉335的时候，该公司没有正面回答“是”或“不是”转基因，而只是说“中国不允许未经获准种植转基因作物”，但先玉335在中国种植了，种植面积很大。 报道说，该公司在北美开发的先玉335是专门为中国市场销售的。在美国并没有先玉335品种的专利、或获准种植上市的文件，只有该品种的父本PH4CV的专利文件、但没有该用专利 之作物获准商业化种植上市的文件。先玉335是在中国辽宁“组合”出来、专为在中国种植的。 中国农业官员和杜邦孟山都公司联手已经是如此紧密了。美国公司不但捆邦了李家洋当顾问和中国农业部副部长，而且还渗透中国决策层搞了让他们“很舒服”的2012年“一号文 件”，甚至开始公开捆邦未来的中国国家主席了。 中国盲目搞转基因大跃进已经20来年。再和杜邦公司联手搞上10年，中国农业将基本完蛋。豆业惨败而不得不依靠进口，玉米也已经是砧板上的“鱼肉”，水稻则是被祸害得 不成样子。可以说，今后十年，是中国农业发展和粮食供应的生死攸关的十年。 附件是该报道全文原文，希望能读英文原文的网友自己判断吧。 Hicks: Pioneer takes long view on work in China New seed corn lines and planting tactics are geared toward a transformation of agriculture there. 11:05 PM, Feb. 18, 2012 | Written by LYNN HICKS http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20120219/BUSINESS03/302190021/1029/?utm_source=feedburnerutm_medium=feedutm_campaign=Feed%3A+desmoinesregister% 2FBusiness+%28DesMoinesRegister.com+-+BUSINESS%29 Bill Niebur tells his Chinese guests: We will create a revolution in your country. But first, he says, we will be your partner, we will tap into local wisdom and we will lay a solid foundation based on harmony, respect and trust. Pioneer Hi-Bred has a “long-look philosophy,” Niebur, who runs the seed company’s Chinese operations, explains to Hebei province officials visiting the Johnston headquarters in a historic week of Iowa-China diplomacy. “When we went into China, we realized we were planting trees.” He expects those roots to transform Chinese agriculture in the next 10 to 15 years. Together, he tells the Chinese, “we are writing the most important story of this century.” The Chinese officials want to know more. They want to shift the plot to prevent food shortages in the world’s most populous nation. The story thus far isn’t promising. As the Chinese grow wealthier and more move to cities, they are eating more like Americans. Consumption of meat and dairy has soared. Despite record corn harvests in recent years, China, the world’s second-largest producer of corn, behind the U.S., can’t keep up with demand. Farmers there produce about 86 bushels per acre, compared with 172 last year in Iowa. Chronic water shortages, less arable land and other constraints will pressure production. As a result, China has begun buying U.S. corn and is expected to buy much more. By 2022, China is forecast to import six times the amount of corn it does now and become the world’s largest importer of the grain, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said in a report Monday. That demand could lead to higher food prices for U.S. consumers, economists warn. But Pioneer bases its business on disproving the theories of 18th-century economist Thomas Malthus, who argued that population gains will eventually outstrip agricultural production. Niebur believes China can move into the top tier of corn producers by yield, without using more land or water, but by creating “virtual acres” through advanced seed genetics. Pioneer’s parent, DuPont, showed its commitment to the Chinese market last week by announcing plans for a seed technology center in Beijing, promising the latest breeding methods to develop high-yield corn hybrids. And China showed that it appreciates Pioneer. At a reception before a state dinner at the Iowa Capitol Wednesday, the future leader of China, Xi Jinping, surprised Paul Schickler, Pioneer’s president. Xi told the small audience that Pioneer seed was planted on 2 million hectares (4.9 million acres). Later, at the state dinner, Schickler was sitting between two vice ministers when Xi singled out Pioneer as a friendly company. One of the officials said to Schickler: “Wow, that’s impressive.” The future leader of China had given his approval, which could help Pioneer get in the door with state-owned institutes or other potential partners. “It validates the strong reputation we have in China, and relationships we’ve built there in the last 10 to 15 years,” Schickler said. China relationship started 15 years ago Pioneer opened its first office in China in 1997 and started forming joint ventures and other partnerships shortly after. In 2004, Pioneer began selling Hybrid XY335, a combination of two inbred lines developed in North America solely for the Chinese market. The hybrid set a national corn yield record in its second year of use. “The product changed the face of corn growing,” Niebur said. Pioneer believes that XY335 — and its counterfeit replicas — together make it the most widely planted hybrid in China. The hybrid does so well that some have questioned whether the seed was genetically modified, according to Asian news reports. China does not allow commercial cultivation of GMO corn. Pioneer sells seed to 8 million Chinese farmers, and Niebur plans to double that. Numbers are hard to come by, but Pioneer estimates it has about 9 percent of the seed corn market in China. That makes it a leader among multinational companies and puts it in the top three to five corn seed companies overall, the company said. “I can tell you that from my trips in Asia, every Chinese seed company that we have met with benchmarks against Pioneer,” Mark Connelly, an analyst at Credit Agricole Securities, said in a DuPont investor forum in November. Pioneer now sells 20 hybrids in China, and Niebur expects 10 to 15 will be released in the next year. Company helps teach improved methods The company is doing more than providing seed. It’s teaching the people. Most Chinese farmers still plant by hand, in plots of a half acre to one and a half acres, Niebur said. The uniform size of Pioneer seeds enables farmers to use two-or three-row planters. Pioneer agronomists have worked with provincial officials to encourage farmers to plant a single seed — instead of planting three corn seeds in a hill, then thinning out all but the strongest plants. The next wave will include helping farmers use fertilizer, herbicides and irrigation more effectively, Niebur said. Agriculture has not advanced at the same pace as other industries in China, Niebur said. But that’s changing. On Feb. 1, the government released “Document No. 1,” recommendations on accelerating agricultural production. The document supports technological innovation, farmer training and education to boost productivity — words that Pioneer finds comforting. “We see a shift of attitudes and beliefs on what it will take to professionalize and advance agriculture,” Niebur said. Change means tension, takes time to pay off. But transformation creates turbulence. Niebur quoted Mao Zedong to his Hebei guests: “A revolution is not a dinner party.” In other words, it won’t be enjoyable for everyone. Members of the delegation shook their heads knowingly. “Everyone realized the context of that comment,” Niebur said later. Progress will leave some behind, as it always does. But China, Niebur says, must advance and mechanize to keep up with demand. Its farmers are aging. But China need not follow Iowa’s example of massive shift to large-scale farming: Pioneer seeds and agronomy training will benefit farmers with an acre or two, he said. “We will see the largest number of smallholders in the world,” he said. “I don’t think they will disappear.” After a demonstration in a Pioneer greenhouse filled with fast-growing corn, Hebei Gov. Zhang Qingwei presses Niebur. How can we help Pioneer? Niebur asks that provincial officials continue to allow the company to form more relationships. “Too generic,” Zhang said through a translator. Niebur gets more specific, with talk of research collaborations, new business ventures, and permission to work on new crops, like oilseeds. They agree to continue the conversation in Hebei, a province that surrounds Beijing. The irony: Niebur lives in Beijing. He and the governor are practically neighbors, but they have traveled 6,500 miles to meet in Johnston. It’s a start. Schickler is confident that Pioneer — and Iowa — will have the opportunity to harvest all the goodwill from last week. “More important than this week is what things look like three years from now,” he said. “That’s when things will really show, ‘Wow, this was a historic event. Look at where we are.’ ” 从上文的报道来看，中国人的米袋子正在被人家抢去，且大部分中国人依然蒙在鼓里，糊里糊涂吃了七八年转基因不说，今后吃饭不得不看人家脸色的日子也不远了。
标签: 黑龙江省
