一个是最重要的粮食作物； 一个是集粮食、饲料和啤酒原料于一身的谷类作物； 而它们的共同点是都是基因组庞大的禾本科作物。 如今，它们的基因组也公布于世，为作物遗传和育种研究者带来新的资源和工具。 2012年11月29日NATURE当期2篇文章以ARTICLE的形式报道了大小麦基组测序结果。其中，来自英国利物浦大学和加州大学戴维斯分校等研究者报道了小麦的全基因组测序结果。小麦的基因组非常复杂和庞大，拥有17G碱基对，包含约9.6万个基因，是水稻基因组的43倍，成为禾本科作物中最重要粮食作物基因组测序的里程碑。 小麦基因组测序（17 Gb）： http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7426/full/nature11650.html Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20 per cent of the calories consumed by humans. Major efforts are underway worldwide to increase wheat production by extending genetic diversity and analysing key traits, and genomic resources can accelerate progress. But so far the very large size and polyploid complexity of the bread wheat genome have been substantial barriers to genome analysis. Here we report the sequencing of its large, 17-gigabase-pair, hexaploid genome using 454 pyrosequencing, and comparison of this with the sequences of diploid ancestral and progenitor genomes. We identified between 94,000 and 96,000 genes, and assigned two-thirds to the three component genomes (A, B and D) of hexaploid wheat. High-resolution synteny maps identified many small disruptions to conserved gene order. We show that the hexaploid genome is highly dynamic, with significant loss of gene family members on polyploidization and domestication, and an abundance of gene fragments. Several classes of genes involved in energy harvesting, metabolism and growth are among expanded gene families that could be associated with crop productivity. Our analyses, coupled with the identification of extensive genetic variation, provide a resource for accelerating gene discovery and improving this major crop. 同时，德国莱布尼茨植物遗传学与农作物研究所Nils Stein教授领衔的一个国际大麦测序联盟公布了大麦基因组测序结果。大麦的基因组也非常庞大，拥有5.1G碱基对，是水稻基因组的13倍。大麦基因组测序的完成，将为大麦遗传育种研究和啤酒工业带来新的动力。 大麦基因组测序(5.1Gb)： http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7426/full/nature11543.html A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the world’s earliest domesticated and most important crop plants. It is diploid with a large haploid genome of 5.1 gigabases (Gb). Here we present an integrated and ordered physical, genetic and functional sequence resource that describes the barley gene-space in a structured whole-genome context. We developed a physical map of 4.98Gb, with more than 3.90Gb anchored to a high-resolution genetic map. Projecting a deep whole-genome shotgun assembly, complementary DNA and deep RNA sequence data onto this framework supports 79,379 transcript clusters, including 26,159 ‘high-confidence’ genes with homology support from other plant genomes. Abundant alternative splicing, premature termination codons and novel transcriptionally active regions suggest that post-transcriptional processing forms an important regulatory layer. Survey sequences from diverse accessions reveal a landscape of extensive single-nucleotide variation. Our data provide a platform for both genome-assisted research and enabling contemporary crop improvement.
最近一段时间做了一些 GRE 阅读，发现了一个规律：一篇文章刚开始一看，全蒙了，啥都不懂，再看第二遍，还是蒙的，第三遍，也不行……咋办呢？把不懂的单词一个一个的查出来，尝试理解每一个句子。一遍下来，豁然开朗！一篇文章中，大部分东西我们应该是懂的，只有三四个单词不认识或者三四个句子不明白意思，但就是这些小小的细节，造成了我们对整篇文章的理解程度大幅下降。民间说法：一粒老鼠屎打坏一锅粥。 科研中又何尝不是如此呢？阅读一篇文献，如果有一两个看不懂的公式了，整篇文章就看不懂了；看一段代码，小部分没看懂，整段代码的理解就困难了。所以，我们在很多情况下都要善于发现这些关键的、阻碍我们理解的小问题，理性的看待、分析问题，不要被问题的表面现象所吓倒，一个大问题总有一部分是我们懂的，集中精力消除那一小部分不懂的东西大问题可能就迎刃而解了。 小小的感触，仓促的记录下来，资历尚浅，请大家不要拍砖。
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