ORDER BY 语句用于对结果集进行排序。 ORDER BY 语句 ORDER BY 语句用于根据指定的列对结果集进行排序，默认升序 如果您希望按照降序对记录进行排序，可以使用 DESC 关键字。 原始的表 (用在例子中的)： Orders 表: Company OrderNumber IBM 3532 W3School 2356 Apple 4698 W3School 6953 实例 1 以字母顺序显示公司名称： SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company结果： Company OrderNumber Apple 4698 IBM 3532 W3School 6953 W3School 2356 实例 2 以字母顺序显示公司名称（Company），并以数字顺序显示顺序号（OrderNumber）： SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company, OrderNumber 结果： Company OrderNumber Apple 4698 IBM 3532 W3School 2356 W3School 6953 实例 3 以逆字母顺序显示公司名称： SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company DESC结果： Company OrderNumber W3School 6953 W3School 2356 IBM 3532 Apple 4698 实例 4 以逆字母顺序显示公司名称，并以数字顺序显示顺序号： SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company DESC, OrderNumber ASC结果： Company OrderNumber W3School 2356 W3School 6953 IBM 3532 Apple 4698 注意： 在以上的结果中有两个相等的公司名称 (W3School)。只有这一次，在第一列中有相同的值时，第二列是以升序排列的。如果第一列中有些值为 nulls 时，情况也是这样的。
在reduce_back_giraffe.prg里 分几步来做, 两次调用tableasciitest.prg: 1) Determination of Offset Slitlength 2) Subtraction of Background 3) Extraction of the Orders
Someone needs work done fast, and someone needs work. I am six hours ahead of my clients in China, and my subcontractor on the east coast is six hours ahead of me. For the first time, I am really enjoying the time difference!
科 学探索可以用不同形式来表现，因此就有了各种类型的论文，其中包括论著、综述、病例研究、方法学和理论性论文。目前，论著最常见的格式是IMRaD格式， 也就是引言、方法、结果和讨论（introduction, methods, results and discussion）的缩写。这些部分一般位于摘要和参考文献之间，但也有些期刊中将“方法”部分居于最后。国际医学期刊编辑委员会(ICMJE) 在其出版的《生物医学期刊投稿统一要求: 生物医学论文撰写和编辑》第IV.A.1.a节（“通则”）中IMRaD格式及其目的作了如下说明： “ 观察性和实验性论文通常(并非必须)分为以下几部分: 引言、方法、结果、 讨论，亦即“IMRAD” 结构。该结构并非强制性的论文格式，但的确能直观地反映科学发现的过程。长篇幅的论文中的某些部分可采用子标题(尤其是“结果”和“讨论”)，从而使其内 容更加清晰。” 在以后的帖子里，我们将分别阐述IMRaD各个部分的要点以及一些应避免的常见错误。但要说明的一点是：各部分的撰写顺序和他们在论文中出现的顺序(和我们这里讲述的顺序)是不同的。好的撰写顺序应该使论文尽可能清晰、连贯。这里推荐如下撰写顺序(外加摘要和标题) ： •方法 •结果 •简介 •讨论 •标题 •摘要 “方法”部分在研究开展过程中就可以写完，标准试验步骤甚至在做试验之前就可以完成。尽早完成“方法”部分使你能发现研究设计中潜在的问题，或之前未考虑到的额外对照。这样做的好处是：方法在实验开始之前还可以调整，避免将来费时费钱地重复做已经做过的试验。 “ 方法”写好、试验完成之后，接下来就是分析结果来确定它们是否支持你的假设，阐明他们到底揭示了什么。在此阶段就写“引言”属于不得要领，因为你的结果将 决定你该如何“编排”你的论文，或者说把你的结果放在哪个背景下予以阐述。因此，第二步应该是分析和撰写“结果”。在这个阶段，你要决定如何表述资料(例 如，用表、图、示意图还是照片；参见“图”部分的注意事项)，如何分析这些数据(参见“统计学”注意事项)，以及他们说明什么。作出上述决定后，你就需要 来描述它们。 至此，你应该已清楚你的结果如何支持你的假设，也了解该领域的现有文献。此时如有必要，你尚可修改你的研究问题或更改研究的 侧重点；如果你决定要修改，可能也另需重新分析数据和/或补充试验，才能构建出一个完整的研究故事。待这些都完成之后，再写“引言”来说明你工作的背景， 然后撰写“讨论”来说明你的结果和背景之间的关联。最后，趁热打铁，完成摘要和标题。摘要和标题的要素请参见前一章的注意事项。 英文原文 The ‘write’ order and IMRaD Scientific enquiry can take a number of different forms. As a result, there is a variety of publication types, including papers describing original research, reviews, case studies, methodology papers and theoretical papers. By far the most common format for writing scientific papers describing original research is the IMRaD format. The letters in this acronym stand for introduction, methods, results and discussion, representing the sections lying between the abstract and references in such manuscripts (although in some journals, the methods section is presented at the end rather than after the introduction, while in other journals the results and discussion sections are combined). The order of these sections reflects the process of scientific discovery, which is why it is a near universal format for research papers. The following posts describe the important components of each of these sections as well as some common mistakes to avoid. However, it is worth mentioning that these sections should not be written in the order in which they appear (or in which they are described here); rather, there is a specific order in which the sections of a manuscript should be written to achieve maximum clarity and consistency throughout. The recommended order for writing these sections, with the addition of the abstract and title, is as follows: • Methods • Results • Introduction • Discussion • Title • Abstract The methods can be written while you are performing the research or, for certain standard protocols, before it has even begun. Doing this early in the course of your research could make you aware of any potential problems in your study design, or point to additional controls you might not previously have considered. The advantage of this is that the methods can be adjusted before performing experiments, preventing the need for time-consuming and costly repeats of experiments already performed. With the methods written up and the experiments performed, you will want to analyze your results to determine how they relate to your hypothesis, and what they actually show. It is pointless writing the introduction prior to this stage because the results you obtain will determine how the paper needs to be ‘framed’, that is, what context the results are described in. Therefore, the results should be analyzed and written up second. During this stage you will determine how your data should be presented (for example, in tables, graphs, schematics or photographs; see the chapter on graphics), how they need to be analyzed (see the chapter on statistics), and what they mean; once decided, you will then need to describe them. By now you will have a good idea of how your findings relate to your hypothesis and the existing literature in your field. It might be necessary at this point to ask a different research question or to change the focus of your research. Following such a change, re-analyses of your data and/or additional experiments might be necessary to make a complete story. Once these are done, the introduction can be written, to provide the context, and then the discussion can be written to describe the relevance of your findings within that context. Finally, with all of that fresh in your head, the abstract and title, the important components of which are described in previous tips, should be written last. Dr Daniel McGowan 分子神经学博士 理文编辑学术总监
This is a paper presented in the 6th International Symposium on Radiative Transfer (Rad-10) ABSTRACT. The second-order radiative transfer equation (SORTE) is in a form like diffusion equation, hence no additional artificial diffusion or upwinding treatment is needed in the numerical discretization for stabilization. The computational efficiency of the finite element method based on SORTE is investigated by comparison with that of the finite element methods based on original first order radiative transfer equation (FORTE). The FORTE based finite element methods considered are the finite element method with Galerkin approach (Galerkin-FORTE) and the finite element method with least-square approach (LS-FORTE). By comparison, the accuracy of the finite element method based on the SORTE is generally better than those based on the FORTE under the same discretization scheme, spatial grid and angular grid. The finite element method based on the SORTE shows the best computational efficiency among the three finite element methods, i.e., to obtain the same target accuracy, the least computational time is required. J.M. Zhao, J.Y. Tan, L.H. Liu. Computational Efficiency of the Finite Element Method Based On the Second-Order Radiative Transfer Equation. The 6th International Symposium on Radiative Transfer. 13~19 June, 2010, Antalya, Turkey. download My presentation is here .
Do buyers and sellers behave similarly in a limit order book? A high-frequency data examination of the Finnish stock exchange Kaj Hedvall a , , , Jonas Niemeyer b and Gunnar Rosenqvist a a Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, P.O. Box 479, 00101, Helsinki, Finland b Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden Available online 10 June 1998. Abstract The symmetry of an electronic limit order book is studied using high-frequency data. Is the order flow generated by buyers of the same structure as the one by sellers or would factors such as short selling restrictions and information trading result in asymmetries in the order flow? A model expressing the symmetry of a limit order book is developed and tested within a log-linear Poisson regression framework. Although the orderflow was found to be quite symmetric in general, clear asymmetries were identified for various trade categories suggesting differences between the order submission of buyers and sellers using a limit order book. Author Keywords: Market microstructure; Limit order book; Log-linear Poisson regression; Quasi symmetry JEL classification codes: C25; G14; G15
PRL 98, 034101 (2007) Abstract:The understanding of emergent collective phenomena in natural and social systems has driven the interest of scientists from different disciplines during decades. Among these phenomena, the synchronization of a set of interacting individuals or units has been intensively studied because of its ubiquity in the natural world. In this Letter, we show how for fixed coupling strengths local patterns of synchronization emerge differently in homogeneous and heterogeneous complex networks, driving the process towards a certain global synchronization degree following different paths. The dependence of the dynamics on the coupling strength and on the topology is unveiled. This study provides a new perspective and tools to understand this emerging phenomena. 这篇文献，我没有仔细地阅读，但也有粗略的观感如下： 1.Kuramoto 模型，研究了ER和SF两种拓扑结构的网络，在由完全非同步向完全同步转化过程中的差异。这种转化过程是发生时，网络拓扑结构是静态的，但耦合的强度是改变的。据了解，这个思路也不是第一次出现在这篇文章中。 2.利用KM模型的相对简单特性，给出了 关于全局和局域同步范围的量度r，rlink。这样的思路，如何体现在一个具体一些极限环模型中呢？即在其他模型中如何定义这两个量度？如果说KM就抽象可以代表所有极限环振子系统，那么对于相位不是那么方便定义的混沌振子系统，如Lronz系统，这种方法还如何办呢？ 3.In the presence of hubs, a giant component of synchronized pairs of oscillators forms and grows by recruiting nodes linked to them.这说明了了hubs结点在同步过程中的作用。 4.我感兴趣的是给定一个耦合强度，如果在完全非同步的初始状态下，向可能的同步状态演化过程中hubs结点的作用是不是与本文所述的一样呢？
标签: order
