# 编者信息 熊荣川 明湖实验室 xiongrongchuan@126.com http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Bearjazz Heterogeneous Data Multiple data partitions may reflect separate loci for simultaneous inference of genealogies and species trees (Heled and Drummond 2010) and stochastic ancestral recombination graph reconstruction (Bloomquist and Suchard 2010) or the growing wealth of nonsequence data and their respective substitution models. These latter data and models include microsatellite markers (Wu and Drummond 2011), phenotypic traits under a multistate stochastic Dollo process (Alekseyenko et al. 2008), discretized geographic diffusion (Lemey et al. 2009), and multivariate continuous relaxed random walks (Lemey et al. 2010). We also ease the use of a growing number of tree prior specifcations. These include the extended Bayesian skyline model (Heled and Drummond 2008) for multilocus data, the flexible Gaussian Markov random field skyride model (Minin et al. 2008), and birth–death models of speciation (Stadler 2010) . 异质数据 多重数据分区可能反映了使用不同的基因座同时推断系谱和物种树（ Heled and Drummond 2010 ）和随机祖先重组图重建（ Bloomquist and Suchard 2010 ）或日益丰富的非序列数据及其自身的替代模型。后一种数据和模型包括微卫星标记（ Wu and Drummond 2011 ），多状态随机 Dollo 过程下的表型特征（ Alekseyenko et al. 2008 ），离散地理扩散（ Lemey et al. 2009 ），以及多变量连续松弛随机行走（ Lemey et al. 2010 ）。我们还可以轻松使用越来越多的系统发育树的先验设置。包括针对多基因片段数据的扩展贝叶斯天际线模型（ Heled and Drummond 2008 ），弹性高斯马尔可夫随机场天桥模型（ Minin et al. 2008 ），以及物种形成的出生 - 死亡模型（ Stadler 2010 ）。 Drummond A J , Suchard M A , Xie D , et al. Bayesian Phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7 . Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012, 29(8):1969-1973.
15 Helmholtz-CAS HCJRG Groups.xlsx HCJRG-106 Development and application of graphene FET arrays for the study of neuronal networks Schlüsseltechnologien FZJ Prof. Dr. Andreas Offenhusser SIMIT/Prof. Dr. Jianlong Zhao HCJRG-108 Experiments with stored highly-charged ions at the borderline between nuclear and atomic physics Struktur der Materie GSI PD. Dr. Yuri A. Litvinov IMP/Prof. Dr. Xinwen Ma HCJRG-116 Zoonotic Streptococci: Comparative Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Host Adaption and cross-Species Infections with Chinese and German Iso-lates ZOO STREP Gesundheit HZI Prof. Dr. G. Singh Chhatwal Immunology, Peking. IM/CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and/ Prof. Dr. George Fu Gao HCJRG-117 Space-borne Microwave Remote Sensing for Prevention and Forensic analysis of Natural Hazards and Extreme Events Erde und Umwelt KIT/GFZ Prof. Dr. Stefan Hinz (KIT), Prof. Dr. Doris Dransch (GFZ) Institute of Electronics/Prof. Dr. Robert Yu Wang/Prof. Yun Kai Deng HCJRG-118 Integrated catalytic technologies for efficient hydrogen production Energie KIT Prof. Roland Dittmeier Dalian Inst. of chemical physics / Prof. Dr. Andreas Goldbach, HCJRG-201 Advanced Laser Technologies for Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Quantum Materials Struktur der Materie DESY Prof. Dr. Franz X. Krtner Institute of Physics / Prof. Jimin Zhao HCJRG-202 Development of human norovirus antivirals Gesundheit DKFZ Dr. Grant Hansman Institute of Biophysics / Prof. Zihe Rao HCJRG-208 Characterization and Energy Production Strategies of Gas Hydrate Deposits in the Northern South China Sea Erde und Umwelt GEOMAR Prof. Dr. Klaus Wallmann Guangzhou Institute for Energy Conversion / Prof. Dr. Nengyou Wu HCJRG-214 RevHy - Study on the synthesis, structures and performances of complex hydrides systems for REVersible high capacity Hydrogen storage at low temperatures Energie HZG Dr. Martin Dornheim Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics / Prof. Ping Chen HCJRG-217 Tailored Interfaces for High-Performance Nanolayered Materials Schlüssel-technologien KIT Prof. Dr. Oliver Kraft Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science / Prof. Guang-Ping Zhang HCJRG-300 Novel Technologies for the New ATLAS Silicon Micro-Strip Detector at the High Luminosity LHC Struktur der Materie DESY Dr. Ingrid-Maria Gregor Institute of High Energy Physics/Prof. Xinchou Lou HCJRG-303 Optimization of Urban Traffic Management towards Environment - Friendly and Safe Mobility (OptimUM) Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr DLR Alexander Sohr Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics / Prof. Pinhua Xie HCJRG-307 Climatological impact of increasing anthropogenic emissions over Asia Erde und Umwelt FZJ Prof. Dr. Martin Riese Institute of Atmospheric Physics / Prof. Dr. Yi Liu HCJRG-315 Nanoporous transition metals for strength and function - towards a cost efficient materials base Schlüssel-technologien HZG Dr. Jürgen Markmann Institute of Metal Research / Prof. Hai-Jun Jin HCJRG-320 Optogenetic evaluation of central cardiovascular control Gesundheit MDC Prof. Dr. Michael Bader Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology / Prof. Dr. Liping Wang
中德“微结构”联合实验室及相图、相变、材料设计与制备科学中心TEM小组 201 6 年 1 月 1 日 -12 月 31 日开会及国内外互访 1 月 29 日 -2 月 4 日 李凯参加澳大利亚显微技术与显微分析大会 1 月 29 日 -2 月 4 日， 李凯参加了在澳大利亚墨尔本举行的澳大利亚显微技术与显微分析大会 ，展示了关 于“ Microstructure and composition of segregation layers at WC/Co interfaces in ultrafine-grained cemented carbides co-doped with Cr and V ”的海报，并访问了墨尔本大学及莫纳什大学。 From Jan. 29 th to Feb. 4 th , Dr. Kai Li attended the Australian Conference on Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM2016) held in Melbourne, Australia. Kai Li presented his poster about “ Microstructure and composition of segregation layers at WC/Co interfaces in ultrafine-grained cemented carbides co-doped with Cr and V ” during the conference, and visited the University of Melbourne and Monash University. 3 月 19 日浙江大学王勇教授应杜勇、李凯邀请访问本课题组 3 月 19 日，浙江大学王勇教授应杜勇、李凯邀请访问本课题组并做 了关于 原位加热、原位气 氛加热 电镜在原子尺度观测材料的相变行为 的学术报 告。接待人员： 教师：李凯； 学生：杨明军、刘丝靓。 On March 19 th ，Prof. Yong Wang from Zhejiang University visited our group at the invitations of Prof. Yong Du and Dr. Kai Li. He made a presentation about “ In-situ heating investigation of the phase transformations in some key materials at the atomic scale in conventional and environmental transmission electron microscopes ” . R eception personnel : Dr. Kai Li, Mingjun Yang and Siliang Liu. 3 月 28-29 日 李凯、杨明军、刘丝靓参加2 016 原位技术应用进展及前沿论坛 。 3 月 28-29 日， 李凯、杨明军、刘丝靓在武汉参加了 2016 原位技术应用进展及前沿论坛 。全国共有 90 多人参加了在华中科大举办、由 Dens Alta 公司承办的 2016 原位技术应用进展及前沿论坛，有原位技术在纳米科学、材料工程学、生命科学的应用报告共 7 个。本组参会人员学习了最新的原位技术，并在武汉大学参观了原位加热技术在透射电镜上的操作过程。 On March 28-29 ， Dr. Kai Li, Mingjun Yang and Siliang Liu attended the In-situ technology progress and frontier workshop held in Wuhan （ China ）。 More than 150 scholars attended the workshop held in Huazhong University of Science and Technology and organized by DENS Solutions Company . There were 7 Reports on the application of i n-situ technology to nanoscience, material engineering, life science. Participates from our group learned the latest In-situ technology and watched an i n-situ heating demo experiment on the aberration corrected TEM in Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 5 月 31 日 -6 月 3 日 李凯参加 2016 Hysitron Workshop 暨纳米压痕表征应用技术交流会 及第九届微纳尺度材料行为国际研讨会 5 月 31 日 -6 月 3 日， 李凯参加了在西安交大（西安）举行的 2016 Hysitron Workshop 暨纳米压痕表征应用技术交流会 (5 月 31 日 ) 及第九届微纳尺度材料行为国际研讨会（6 月 1-3 日）。 From May 31 st to June 3 rd , Dr. Kai Li attended the 2016 Hysitron Workshop and Symposium on application of nano-indentation characterization （ May 31 st ） and The 9th International Workshop on Materials Behavior at Micro- and Nano- Scale （ June 1 st to June 3 rd ） held in Xi ’ an Jiaotong University. 6 月 12 日- 16 日 杜勇、李凯、 杨 明军、 刘丝靓 参加第15 届国际铝合金 大会。 6 月 12 日- 16 日 ， 杜勇、李凯、 杨 明军、 刘丝靓 参加了在重庆举办的第15 届国际铝合金（ ICAA15 ）大会。 杨明军展示了关于“ The effect of stam ping deformation on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy for automotive panels ”的海报并取得最佳海报奖。 From June 12 th to 16 th ，Prof. Yong Du, Dr. Kai Li, Mingjun Yang and Siliang Liu attended the 15th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys (ICAA15) held in Chongqing, China. Mingjun Yang made a poster presentation entitled “ The effect of stamping deformation on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy for automotive panels ” and won the Best Poster Award. 7 月 24 日 -28 日 李凯及杜 勇、张利军、王建川、卢照、龙乾新 参加 2016 中德“铝合金微结构”联合实验室双边研讨会。 7 月 24 日 -28 日， 李凯及杜 勇、张利军、王建川、卢照、龙乾新在波鸿 - 鲁尔大学（德国波鸿）参加 2016 中德“铝合金微结构”联合实验室双边研讨会。 李凯做了题为“ How can experimental microstructure characterization provide key parameters for phase field simulation? ”的口头报告。 From July 24 th to 28 th , Dr. Kai Li attended the 2 016 Sino-German Cooperation Group “Microstructure in Al alloys” Bilateral Symposium held in Bochum-Ruhr University (Bochum, Germany) together with Yong Du, Lijun Zhang, Jianchuan Wang, Zhao Lu, Qianxin Long. Dr. Kai Li made an oral presentation on “How can experimental microstructure characterization provide key parameters for phase field simulation?” . 8 月 25 日 -9 月 2 日，李凯参加 欧洲显微学大会 8 月 25 日 -9 月 2 日，李凯参加了在法国格勒诺布尔举行的“ QuantiSTEM ”培训课程（ 8 月 25-26 日）以及在法国里昂举行的欧洲显微学大会（ 8 月 28 日 -9 月 2 日），在大会期间李凯展示了关于“ Quantitative measurement for the microstructural parameters of nano-precipitates in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys ”的海报。 From Aug. 25 th to Sept. 2 nd , Dr. Kai Li participated in the QuantiSTEM training course held in CEA-Grenoble in France (Aug. 25 th to 26 th ) and the European Microscopy Congress held in Lyon, France. During the Congress, Kai Li presented his work by a poster entitled “Quantitative measurement for the microstructural parameters of nano-precipitates in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys” . 8 月 26 日 - 29 日 , 刘丝靓赴重庆 学习三维原子探针 实验 和数据分析的基本流程 。 8 月 26 日 - 29 日 , 刘丝靓赴重庆 大学曹玲 飞老师 课题组 做 A l- M g- S i- C u 合金 样品的三维原子探针实验 ， 学习了三维原子探针 实验 和数据分析的基本流程 。 From Aug. 26 th to 29 th , Siliang Liu went to Chongqing university to conduct 3 dimensional atom probe (3DAP) experiments of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy. During the procedure, Siliang Liu learned the fundamentals of the 3DAP technology and related data analy sis . 10 月 10 日 -11 日李凯和杨明军参加 原位成像技术研讨会 10 月 10 日 -11 日，李凯和杨明军参加了在北京大学召开，由 Gatan 公司及 DENS Solutions 公司协办的原位成像技术研讨会，并访问了高鹏教授研究组。 From Oct. 10 th to 11 th , Kai Li and Mingjun Yang attended the In situ imaging technology seminar held in Beijing University (in collaboration with Gatan co. ltd and DENS Solutions co. ltd), and visited the group of Prof. Peng Gao. 10 月 12 日 -16 日李凯参加 2016 年全国电子显微学学术年会 10 月 12 日 -16 日，李凯参加了在天津举行的 2016 年全国电子显微学学术年会，并做了题为“结合传统电子显微术及先进表征技术对 Al-Mg-Si-Cu 合金进行微结构定量”的特邀报告。 From Oct. 12 th to 16 th , Kai Li attended the 2016 Annual Conference on Electron Microscopy of China held in Tianjing and introduced his work by an invited oral presentation entitled “Hybrid application of conventional electron microscopy and advanced characterizing techniques to quantitative microstructural studies of 6XXX Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys” . 10 月 20 日 -24 日李凯参加第十七届亚洲材料大会 10 月 20 日 -24 日，李凯参加了在青岛举行的第十七届亚洲材料大会（ IUMRS-ICA2016 ），并做了题为“集成传统电子显微术及先进表征技术深入研究 Al-Mg-Si-Cu 合金微结构”的特邀报告。 From Oct. 20 th to 24 th , Kai Li attended International Union of Materials Research Societies - The 17th International Conference in Asia （ IUMRS-ICA2016 ， Qingdao ， China ） and introduced his work by an invited oral presentation entitled “Hybrid application of conventional electron microscopy and advanced characterizing techniques for innovative insights into 6XXX Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys” . 10 月 26 日 -10 月 28 日李凯参加第 30 批中国博士后科技服务团 10 月 26 日 -10 月 28 日，李凯参加了第 30 批中国博士后科技服务团（广东珠海行）并对珠海润星泰公司进行了为期半天的学术交流及参观。李凯做了题为“ 结合计算材料学、传统电子显微术及先进表征技术对 Al-Mg-Si-Cu 合金进行微结构定量 ”的报告并邀请润星泰公司在适当时候访问中南大学。 From Oct. 26 th to 28 th , Kai Li joined the 30 th China Postdoctoral Science and Technology Service Group (in Zhuhai) and visited RXT co. ltd. Kai Li made an oral presentation entitled “ Hybrid application of computational materials science, conventional electron microscopy and advanced characterizing techniques to quantitative microstructural studies of 6XXX Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys ” and invited RXT co. ltd to visit Central South University in a due time. 11 月 5 日 润星泰公司董事长、副总经理及技术总监一行来本课题组访问 11 月 5 日 , 应杜勇及李凯邀请，润星泰公司董事长、副总经理及技术总监一行来本课题组访问。 On Nov. 5 th , board chairman, assistant general manager and technical director of RXT co. ltd visited our group at the invitations of Yong Du and Kai Li. 11 月 17 日 -18 日杨明军参加了第七届中国 FIB 技术及学术交流研讨会 11 月 17 日 -18 日，杨明军参加了在重庆大学举办的第七届中国 FIB 技术及学术交流研讨会，参会人员来自国内高校及研究所超过 100 人。来自国内的 FIB 专家共做报告 26 场， 6 张海报。 From Nov. 17 th to 18 th , Mingjun Yang attended t he 7th China FIB Technology and Academic Exchange Seminar held in Chongqing University. M ore than 100 scholars from universities and research institutes in China attended the meeting, bringing 26 oral reports and 6 posters .
Breathing Nitric Oxide plus Hydrogen Gas Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and.pdf 氢气生物学研究论文最近相对减少，原因一方面可能是相对比较容易的研究已经太少，例如简单制备一个氧化、炎症相关疾病模型，使用氢气进行治疗，确定是否有效，从氧化损伤、细胞凋亡和炎症等角度进行观察和分析。另一方面，很重要的是作用分子机制没有找到突破点。虽然许多学者尝试从基因表达组、蛋白组、代谢组等角度希望可以找到氢气作用的重要通路，但是似乎都没有确定性结论。最近来自日本的北里大学医学工程技术系的 小田利広新保（ ToshihiroShinbo ）等采用一种新的研究方式，或许可以给一些学者提供一种新的研究设计。他们采用联合呼吸 氢气和一氧化氮的方法尝试对心肌梗死治疗效果的研究，研究结果发现，联合使用在提高心脏保护效果的基础上，可以减少一氧化氮治疗引起的心脏硝基化损伤。 众所周知，一氧化氮的心脏效应存在双面性，一方面可以对抗炎症损伤，另一方面存在细胞毒性。一氧化氮的抗炎症损伤作用主要是通过鸟苷酸环化酶和多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶 -1 途径产生，而细胞毒性主要通过活性氮、亚硝酸盐／过氧化氢／血红素过氧化和过渡金属等途径产生。 具体点说，一氧化氮的细胞毒性产生的机制包括，活性氮导致蛋白硝基化、以及其他途径引起的细胞色素 C 释放、蛋白激酶 C ε 和 纤维蛋白原激活，线粒体锰 SOD 、 前列环素合成酶活性下降。如果这种细胞毒性效应过强，可以导致细胞坏死、凋亡，甚至心脏功能紊乱。 一氧化氮呼吸疗法首先在肺疾病中使用，也发现存在肺外效应。例如可以抑制血小板和中性粒细胞活性，扩展缺血组织血管等。 Geury 等发现， 10ppm 一氧化氮 呼吸预适应可以有效保护心肌缺血损伤。 Hataishi 等发现，吸入 一氧化氮可以有效治疗 心肌缺血再灌注损伤。他们提出，吸入 40 或 80 ppm 具有治疗效果，但 20 ppm 就失去治疗效果。也有人发现吸入 80 ppm 可以治疗猪心肌缺血再灌注损伤，减少心脏梗死体积，提高心脏功能。这些研究已经推动一些相关临床研究。例如有人已经将吸入 一氧化氮作为冠状动脉介入治疗引起的心肌损伤的二期临床研究 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01398384 。 2007 年， Ohsawa 等发现呼吸氢气可以产生抗氧化效应。他们发现，氢气可以选择性中和羟基自由基和过氧亚硝酸阴离子，从而具有对抗细胞氧化损伤的作用。此外，他们采用大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，脑缺血再灌注是典型的组织氧化损伤，呼吸氢气可以有效治疗该类脑损伤。该研究提示，呼吸氢气可以作为组织缺血再灌注损伤引起的组织氧化损伤的治疗手段。随后， Hayashida 探讨了呼吸氢气对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用，结果发现呼吸氢气可以引起心脏缺血组织氢气浓度迅速增加，对缺血心脏功能和组织损伤具有显著的保护作用。后来有学者证明，呼吸 1.3% 对狗心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。这些研究提示，呼吸氢气对心脏缺血再灌注损伤具有潜在治疗价值，因此有学者已经开展了呼吸氢气的安全性以及对冠状血管介入治疗相关心肌损伤保护的临床研究 UMIN000006825 on December 4, 2011 。 考虑到一氧化氮治疗存在可能被其细胞毒作用掩盖的可能性，而氢气对一氧化氮引起的过氧亚硝酸阴离子具有中和作用，因此如果联合应用两种气体，将可以获得优势互补或者珠联璧合的意义。 所以他们开展了这一研究，目的就是观察联合两种气体的呼吸是否可以获得更有效的治疗效果，是否可以改善部分不利作用，达到协同治疗的目的。 值得注意的是，研究确实达到这一目的，一是发现联合两种气体确实比单纯一种气体的效果理想（呼吸一种气体的最理想效果不清楚的情况下，这一结论不够严谨），呼吸一氧化氮治疗后，组织硝基酪氨酸含量增加（反映亚硝酸阴离子作用），联合应用可以减少这一不良效果。呼吸一氧化氮具有预适应保护心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用，而呼吸氢气没有这一效应的结果也很有价值，因为预适应的最重要价值是相反性和间接性，相反性是只这种效应是来自不利效应，间接性是这种效应不是适应因素的直接效应，必须经过机体自身产生。 研究采用呼吸氢气浓度监测技术也值得推广。虽然过去也有学者采用这种方法，但描述的不够清晰。 Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013 Jun 14. Breathing Nitric Oxide plus Hydrogen Gas Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Nitrotyrosine Production in Murine Heart. Shinbo T , Kokubo K , Sato Y , Hagiri S , Hataishi R , Hirose M , Kobayashi H . Source 1Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences. Abstract Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to decrease the infarct size in cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I-R) injury. However, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced by NO causes myocardial dysfunction and injury. Since H 2 is reported to eliminate peroxynitrite, it was expected to reduce the adverse effects of NO. In mice, left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 60 min followed by reperfusion was performed with inhaled NO (80 ppm), H 2 (2%), or NO + H 2 , starting 5 min before reperfusion for 35 min. After 24 hrs, left ventricular function, the infarct size and area at risk (AAR) were assessed. Oxidative stress associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by staining for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, that associated with RNS by staining for nitrotyrosine, and neutrophil infiltration by staining for granulocyte receptor-1. The infarct size/AAR decreased with breathing NO or H 2 alone. NO inhalation plus H 2 reduced the infarct size/AAR, with significant interaction between the two, reducing ROS and neutrophil infiltration, and improved the cardiac function to normal levels. While nitrotyrosine staining was prominent after NO inhalation alone, it was eliminated after breathing a mixture of H 2 with NO. Preconditioning with NO significantly reduced the infarct size/AAR, but not preconditioning with H 2 . In conclusion, breathing NO + H 2 during I-R reduced the infarct size and maintained cardiac function, and reduced the generation of myocardial nitrotyrosine associated with NO inhalation. Administration of NO + H 2 gases for inhalation may be useful for planned coronary interventions or for the treatment of I-R injury.
美国研究图书馆学会、美国大学协会、美国公立及赠地大学协会的联合声明《扩大公众对出版物的存取》（Expanded Public Access to Publications） National Research Council National Research Council The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Memorandum, “Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research,” provides new opportunities for a productive partnership between research universities and Federal research funding agencies. Enhanced access to the results of federally funded research accelerates the pace of scientific discovery, promotes innovation, and enriches education. Public Access，Publications The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Memorandum, “Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research,” provides new opportunities for a productive partnership between research universities and Federal research funding agencies. Enhanced access to the results of federally funded research accelerates the pace of scientific discovery, promotes innovation, and enriches education. 详情请下载： 美国研究图书馆学会、美国大学协会、美国公立及赠地大学协会的联合声明《扩大公众对出版物的存取》（Expanded Public Access to Publications）.pdf 扩大公众对出版物的存取978636823.pdf
中科院-亥姆霍兹首轮5个联合科研团队新鲜出炉 为进一步彰显中科院与德国亥姆霍兹联合会之间数十年间的广泛科研合作，加强在重点领域里的青年科研人员培养，2011年两家机构的院长与主席在北京签署关于每年联合选拔并资助5个双边联合科研团队的合作计划。 自2012年年初发布项目通知后，截止5月初共征集到联合项目的 有效申报22项 ，经双边各自组织专家评审并于9月初双边进行会商之后，现确定首批5个联合团队。每个团队将得到为期3年、每年不超过16万欧元的联合资助。 下一轮的项目招标将于2013年1月底公布。 首批入选的5个项目分别是： 1， 德国于利希中心与中科院上海微系统所在“关键技术”领域的合作项目 Development and application of graphene FET arrays for the study of neuronal networks Prof. Dr. Andreas Offenhäusser, Forschungszentrum Jülich und Prof. Dr. Jianlong Zhao, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT) 2，德国达姆斯达特重粒子中心GSI与中科院兰州近物所在“物质结构”领域的合作： Experiments with stored highly-charged ions at the borderline between nuclear and atomic physics Yuri A. Litvinov, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung und Prof. Dr. Xinwen Ma, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 3，亥姆霍兹感染研究中心与中科院微生物所在“生命科学”领域的合作： Zoonotic Streptococci: Comparative Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Host Adaption and cross-Species Infections with Chinese and German Isolates ZOO STREP Prof. Dr. G. Singh Chhatwal, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung und Prof. Dr. George Fu Gao, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Peking 4，卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院、波兹坦地学中心与与中科院电子所在“航空航天与地学环境”领域的合作 Space-borne Microwave Remote Sensing for Prevention and Forensic analysis of Natural Hazards and Extreme Events Prof. Dr. Stefan Hinz, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Prof. Dr. Doris Dransch, Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam – Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ und Prof. Yun Kai Deng, Prof. Dr. Robert Yu Wang, Institute of Electronics, Peking 5，卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院与中科院大连化物所在“能源”领域的合作项目 Integrated catalytic technologies for efficient hydrogen production Roland Dittmeier, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie und Andreas Goldbach, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics --------------------------------------- Fünf Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Groups ausgewählt Die langjährige und erfolgreiche Kooperation zwischen der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft und der Chinesischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (CAS) wird durch ein neues Programm zur Förderung gemeinsamer Forschergruppen gestärkt. Im Rahmen des gemeinsamen Vorhabens ‚Helmholtz-CAS Joint Research Groups‘ wurden im September 2012 fünf Forschungsvorhaben zur Förderung empfohlen. Unterstützt werden die Forscherteams durch CAS und den Impuls- und Vernetzungsfonds der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft mit bis zu 150.000 Euro jährlich für drei Jahre. Mit diesen Mitteln sollen gemeinsame Projekte oder Expeditionen finanziert sowie Nachwuchsforschende gefördert werden. Die nächste Ausschreibung für HCJRG findet im Frühjahr 2013 statt. Die geförderten HCJRG sind: Development and application of graphene FET arrays for the study of neuronal networks Prof. Dr. Andreas Offenhäusser, Forschungszentrum Jülich und Prof. Dr. Jianlong Zhao, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT) Experiments with stored highly-charged ions at the borderline between nuclear and atomic physics Yuri A. Litvinov, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung und Prof. Dr. Xinwen Ma, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou Zoonotic Streptococci: Comparative Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Host Adaption and cross-Species Infections with Chinese and German Isolates ZOO STREP Prof. Dr. G. Singh Chhatwal, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung und Prof. Dr. George Fu Gao, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Peking Space-borne Microwave Remote Sensing for Prevention and Forensic analysis of Natural Hazards and Extreme Events Prof. Dr. Stefan Hinz, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Prof. Dr. Doris Dransch, Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam – Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ und Prof. Yun Kai Deng, Prof. Dr. Robert Yu Wang, Institute of Electronics, Peking Integrated catalytic technologies for efficient hydrogen production Roland Dittmeier, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie und Andreas Goldbach, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
全球十六位科学家联合撰文质疑全球变暖说 以下这篇文章由文末所列的16位科学家共同署名： 如何应对“全球气候变暖”或许是当代任何一个民主国家的政治候选人都必须考虑的问题。有这样一种被人反复提及的说法：几乎所有科学家都要求采取强有力的措施，阻止全球变暖。但政治候选人应该了解，这种说法是不符合实际情况的。事实上，许多著名科学家和工程师认为没有必要为抑制全球变暖而大动干戈，而且持这种观点的人数还在不断增加。 去年9月份，诺贝尔奖得主、物理学家伊瓦尔·贾埃弗(Ivar Giaever)发表了一封公开信，宣布退出美国物理学会(American Physical Society)，贾埃弗在上次大选中是奥巴马(Obama)总统的支持者。信的开头这样写道：“我没有延续（我的会员资格），因为（美国物理学会政策）声明中的一些说法我不敢苟同。 美国物理学会称：‘无可辩驳的证据表明，全球变暖正在发生。如果不采取行动缓和这一趋势，地球的物理和生态系统、社会体系、安全和人类健康可能会严重受损。我们必须从现在开始减少温室气体排放。’ 美国物理学会可以讨论质子的质量是否会逐渐变化，也可以讨论多重宇宙如何运行，但全球变暖的证据果真是无可辩驳的吗？” 几十年来，国际上一直在大力宣传所谓二氧化碳“污染物”数量增加将摧毁人类文明的说法，但也有一大批科学家（其中许多是非常杰出的科学家）认同贾埃弗的观点。这些科学“异端人士”的数量也在逐年增加。其原因在于一系列不可动摇的科学事实。 对气候变暖论挑战最大的事实也许是，迄今为止全球气候已有十多年未呈变暖趋势了。气候变暖论者对此是了解的，正如 2009年“气候门”(Climategate)事件中气候科学家凯文·特伦伯斯(Kevin Trenberth )在电子邮件中所述：“事实上，我们现在无法解释为什么没有出现变暖现象，这无疑是一种讽刺。”不过，只有在人们相信那些计算机模型（在这些模型中，所谓的包括水汽和云在内的反馈机制会大幅放大二氧化碳微弱的影响）的前提下，才可以说气候没有如期变暖。 十多年来全球气候并没有变暖，这暗示计算机模型显著夸大了二氧化碳增加对气候变暖的影响。实际上，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)发布相关预测22年以来，气候变暖的程度一直小于预期。面对这种尴尬，宣 扬气候变暖威胁论者将矛头从气候变暖转向了极端气候，以期将千变万化的气候中出现的所有异常都归咎于二氧化碳。 其实二氧化碳并不是污染物。二氧化碳是一种无色、无味的气体，我们每个人都会呼出高浓度二氧化碳，它是生物圈生命循环系统的关键要素。二氧化碳的增加会大大促进植物生长，所以温室管理者为了让作物长得更好，常常将二氧化碳浓度增加三四倍。这并不奇怪，因为植物和动物是在二氧化碳浓度相当于现在10倍左右时进化形成的。在作物品种增加、化学肥料技术及农业管理水平提高等因素的带动下，过去一个世纪以来农业产量大幅增加，但几乎可以肯定的是，大气中二氧化碳增加是促进农业增产的原因之一。 尽管有越来越多的科学家公开质疑气候变暖说，但许多年轻科学家私下里表示，尽管他们对全球变暖说深表怀疑，却不敢说出来，因为担心这会使他们升迁受阻，甚至发生更糟糕的事情。他们的担忧不无道理。 2003年，学术期刊《气候研究》(Climate Research)的编辑克里斯·德弗赖塔斯(Chris de Freitas)博士大胆刊登了一篇不符合政治导向（但符合事实）的同行评审文章，文章结论是，如果以过去一千年的气候变化为背景，那么近期气候变暖并非异常现象。国际上的全球变暖论者很快针对德弗赖塔斯博士发起蓄意攻击，要求撤销他的编辑职位和大学教职。所幸德弗赖塔斯博士保住了他的大学教职 。 科学研究本不应该如此，但历史上我们有过先例──比如在特罗菲姆·李森科(Trofim Lysenko)操纵苏联生物学的恐怖年代。宣称信奉基因遗传学（李森科将基因学说斥为资产阶级伪科学）的苏联生物学家被解除工作职务。许多人被送入劳改营，一些人甚至被处以极刑。 为什么人们对全球变暖如此热衷？为什么这个问题会如此触动美国物理学会的神经？许多会员要求美国物理学会（贾埃弗已于数月前宣布退出） 不再用“无可辩驳”一词描述科学问题，他们的要求应该说是合情合理的，却遭到美国物理学会拒绝。原因有好几个，但首先要从“何人得益？”这个老问题谈起。用现代语言来说就是“跟着钱走。” 气候变暖威胁论让许多人捞到大量好处，它使 政府资金流入相关学术研究项目，成为政府扩大官僚机器的理由。这种论调是政府增加税收，让纳税人为企业补贴（这些公司深谙操纵政治体系之道）埋单的借口，还是吸引巨额捐款流入许诺拯救地球的慈善基金的诱饵 。李森科之流日子过得非常好，他们处心积虑地捍卫着自己的信条及其带来的特权。 我们要代表许多对气候科学做过认真和独立研究的科学家和工程师，对所有政治候选人说： 采取激烈行动为世界经济“脱碳”并无令人信服的科学依据 。即便认同政府间气候变化专门委员会夸大的气候预期，采取激烈的温室气体控制政策也是不经济的。 耶鲁大学经济学家威廉·诺德豪斯(William Nordhaus)近期对多种政策方案进行的研究显示，效益成本比率接近最高的是一项允许经济增长在超过50年的时间里不受温室气体排放控制措施影响的政策。这种政策为世界欠发达国家带来的好处尤其大，这些国家也希望分享一些发达国家在物质财富、健康和期望寿命等方面的优势。而许多其他政策应对方案的投资收益则为负。此外，二 氧化碳的增加及其可能导致的小幅升温将使地球整体受益 。 如果当选政治领导人觉得必须在气候方面“做些什么”的话，我们建议他们去支持那些增进人类对气候了解的出色科学家。这些科学家们通过精心设计的卫星、海洋和陆地仪器，通过对观察数据的分析来研究气候。我们越了解气候，就越能更好地应对瞬息万变、古往今来困扰人类生活的自然界。当前私人和政府在气候方面投入巨额资金，但其中很大一部分投资有无必要很值得怀疑。 每个政治候选人都应该支持保护及改善环境的合理措施，但有一些耗资不菲的项目纯属浪费资源，依据的是耸人听闻却站不住脚的“无可辩驳的”证据，支持这样一些项目毫无意义 。 克洛德·阿莱格尔(Claude Allegre)，巴黎大学(University of Paris)地球科学学院(Institute for the Study of the Earth)前院长；J·斯科特·阿姆斯特朗(J. Scott Armstrong)，《预测学期刊》(Journal of Forecasting)及《国际预测学期刊》(International Journal of Forecasting)联合创办人；简·布雷斯洛(Jan Breslow)，洛克菲勒大学(Rockefeller University)生化遗传学和新陈代谢实验室(Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism)负责人；罗杰·科恩(Roger Cohen)，美国物理学会(American Physical Society)会员；爱德华·大卫(Edward David)，美国国家工程院(National Academy of Engineering)和美国国家科学院(National Academy of Sciences)会员；威廉·哈珀(William Happer)，普林斯顿大学(Princeton)物理学教授；迈克尔·凯利(Michael Kelly)，英国剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)工科教授；威廉·基宁蒙斯(William Kininmonth)，澳大利亚气象局(Australian Bureau of Meteorology)前气候研究主管；理查德·林德森(Richard Lindzen)，麻省理工(MIT)大气科学教授；詹姆斯·麦格雷斯(James McGrath), 弗吉尼亚理工大学(Virginia Technical University)化学教授；罗德尼·尼科尔斯(Rodney Nichols)，纽约科学院(New York Academy of Sciences)前总裁兼首席执行长；伯特·鲁坦(Burt Rutan)，宇航工程师，“航海家号”(Voyager) 及“宇宙飞船一号”(SpaceShipOne)设计师；哈里森·H·施密特(Harrison H. Schmitt)，“阿波罗17号”(Apollo 17)宇航员、美国前参议员；尼尔·沙维夫(Nir Shaviv)，耶路撒冷希伯来大学(Hebrew University)天体物理学教授；亨克·滕内克斯(Henk Tennekes)，荷兰皇家气象服务中心(Royal Dutch Meteorological Service)前主任；安东尼奥·齐基基(Antonio Zichichi)，日内瓦全球科学家联盟(World Federation of Scientists)主席。 No Need to Panic About Global Warming There's no compelling scientific argument for drastic action to 'decarbonize' the world's economy. Editor's Note: The following has been signed by the 16 scientists listed at the end of the article: A candidate for public office in any contemporary democracy may have to consider what, if anything, to do about "global warming." Candidates should understand that the oft-repeated claim that nearly all scientists demand that something dramatic be done to stop global warming is not true. In fact, a large and growing number of distinguished scientists and engineers do not agree that drastic actions on global warming are needed. In September, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ivar Giaever, a supporter of President Obama in the last election, publicly resigned from the American Physical Society (APS) with a letter that begins: "I did not renew because I cannot live with the statement: 'The evidence is incontrovertible: Global warming is occurring. If no mitigating actions are taken, significant disruptions in the Earth's physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur. We must reduce emissions of greenhouse gases beginning now.' In the APS it is OK to discuss whether the mass of the proton changes over time and how a multi-universe behaves, but the evidence of global warming is incontrovertible?" In spite of a multidecade international campaign to enforce the message that increasing amounts of the "pollutant" carbon dioxide will destroy civilization, large numbers of scientists, many very prominent, share the opinions of Dr. Giaever. And the number of scientific "heretics" is growing with each passing year. The reason is a collection of stubborn scientific facts. Perhaps the most inconvenient fact is the lack of global warming for well over 10 years now. This is known to the warming establishment, as one can see from the 2009 "Climategate" email of climate scientist Kevin Trenberth: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't." But the warming is only missing if one believes computer models where so-called feedbacks involving water vapor and clouds greatly amplify the small effect of CO2. The lack of warming for more than a decade—indeed, the smaller-than-predicted warming over the 22 years since the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) began issuing projections—suggests that computer models have greatly exaggerated how much warming additional CO2 can cause. Faced with this embarrassment, those promoting alarm have shifted their drumbeat from warming to weather extremes, to enable anything unusual that happens in our chaotic climate to be ascribed to CO2. The fact is that CO2 is not a pollutant. CO2 is a colorless and odorless gas, exhaled at high concentrations by each of us, and a key component of the biosphere's life cycle. Plants do so much better with more CO2 that greenhouse operators often increase the CO2 concentrations by factors of three or four to get better growth. This is no surprise since plants and animals evolved when CO2 concentrations were about 10 times larger than they are today. Better plant varieties, chemical fertilizers and agricultural management contributed to the great increase in agricultural yields of the past century, but part of the increase almost certainly came from additional CO2 in the atmosphere. Enlarge Image Corbis Although the number of publicly dissenting scientists is growing, many young scientists furtively say that while they also have serious doubts about the global-warming message, they are afraid to speak up for fear of not being promoted—or worse. They have good reason to worry. In 2003, Dr. Chris de Freitas, the editor of the journal Climate Research, dared to publish a peer-reviewed article with the politically incorrect (but factually correct) conclusion that the recent warming is not unusual in the context of climate changes over the past thousand years. The international warming establishment quickly mounted a determined campaign to have Dr. de Freitas removed from his editorial job and fired from his university position. Fortunately, Dr. de Freitas was able to keep his university job. This is not the way science is supposed to work, but we have seen it before—for example, in the frightening period when Trofim Lysenko hijacked biology in the Soviet Union. Soviet biologists who revealed that they believed in genes, which Lysenko maintained were a bourgeois fiction, were fired from their jobs. Many were sent to the gulag and some were condemned to death. Why is there so much passion about global warming, and why has the issue become so vexing that the American Physical Society, from which Dr. Giaever resigned a few months ago, refused the seemingly reasonable request by many of its members to remove the word "incontrovertible" from its description of a scientific issue? There are several reasons, but a good place to start is the old question "cui bono?" Or the modern update, "Follow the money." Alarmism over climate is of great benefit to many, providing government funding for academic research and a reason for government bureaucracies to grow. Alarmism also offers an excuse for governments to raise taxes, taxpayer-funded subsidies for businesses that understand how to work the political system, and a lure for big donations to charitable foundations promising to save the planet. Lysenko and his team lived very well, and they fiercely defended their dogma and the privileges it brought them. Speaking for many scientists and engineers who have looked carefully and independently at the science of climate, we have a message to any candidate for public office: There is no compelling scientific argument for drastic action to "decarbonize" the world's economy. Even if one accepts the inflated climate forecasts of the IPCC, aggressive greenhouse-gas control policies are not justified economically. Princeton physics professor William Happer on why a large number of scientists don't believe that carbon dioxide is causing global warming. A recent study of a wide variety of policy options by Yale economist William Nordhaus showed that nearly the highest benefit-to-cost ratio is achieved for a policy that allows 50 more years of economic growth unimpeded by greenhouse gas controls. This would be especially beneficial to the less-developed parts of the world that would like to share some of the same advantages of material well-being, health and life expectancy that the fully developed parts of the world enjoy now. Many other policy responses would have a negative return on investment. And it is likely that more CO2 and the modest warming that may come with it will be an overall benefit to the planet. If elected officials feel compelled to "do something" about climate, we recommend supporting the excellent scientists who are increasing our understanding of climate with well-designed instruments on satellites, in the oceans and on land, and in the analysis of observational data. The better we understand climate, the better we can cope with its ever-changing nature, which has complicated human life throughout history. However, much of the huge private and government investment in climate is badly in need of critical review. Every candidate should support rational measures to protect and improve our environment, but it makes no sense at all to back expensive programs that divert resources from real needs and are based on alarming but untenable claims of "incontrovertible" evidence. Claude Allegre, former director of the Institute for the Study of the Earth, University of Paris; J. Scott Armstrong, cofounder of the Journal of Forecasting and the International Journal of Forecasting; Jan Breslow, head of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University; Roger Cohen, fellow, American Physical Society; Edward David, member, National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences; William Happer, professor of physics, Princeton; Michael Kelly, professor of technology, University of Cambridge, U.K.; William Kininmonth, former head of climate research at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Richard Lindzen, professor of atmospheric sciences, MIT; James McGrath, professor of chemistry, Virginia Technical University; Rodney Nichols, former president and CEO of the New York Academy of Sciences; Burt Rutan, aerospace engineer, designer of Voyager and SpaceShipOne; Harrison H. Schmitt, Apollo 17 astronaut and former U.S. senator; Nir Shaviv, professor of astrophysics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Henk Tennekes, former director, Royal Dutch Meteorological Service; Antonio Zichichi, president of the World Federation of Scientists, Geneva.
“占领华尔街”的口号不断改变，8日变成“占领华盛顿”，15日更变成“占领全球”，诉求从反企业贪婪、财富不公、反战、不满富豪权贵自私自利、牺牲中产阶级和贫民等，再到抗议气候暖化、汽油价格昂贵都有。 “占领华尔街”运动可能蔓延到全世界其他国家。示威民众计划于15日发起全球大串连，发动名为“为世界改变而联合”的全球抗议活动。 8日在“占领洛杉矶”活动中，有人开始呼吁大家一同参与15日的“为世界改变而联合”(United for global change)活动。
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