英语，看过，总觉得懂了。但过后，就又不知道所云了。英语，还是得翻译出来。不翻译出来，到底不能成为你自己的东西。很多年前，看过这么一段话，还自以为自己懂了，还在博客上写了，但最近在看这方面的问题，还是记不起来。所以，把相关文章翻出来，翻译出来，这回我想我是真的懂了这个问题了。 A Study of NK Landscapes’ Basins and Local Optima Networks A second important aspect in the study of networks has been the realization that in many real-world networks, the distribution of the number of neighbours (the degree distribution) is typically right-skewed with a "heavy tail", meaning that most of the nodes have less-than-average degree whilst a small fractions of hubs have a large number of connections. These qualitative description can be described mathematically by a power-law , which has the asymptotic form p(k) k− . This means that the probability of a randomly chosen point having a degree k decays like a power of k, where the exponent (typically in the range ) determines the rate of decay. A distinguishing feature of power-law distributions is that when plotted on a double logarithmic scale, a powerlaw appears as a straight line with negative slope . This behavior contrasts with a normal distribution which would curve sharply on a log-log plot, such that the probability of a node having a degree greater than a certain "cutoff" value is nearly zero. The mean would then trivially represent a characteristic scale for the network degree distribution. Since networks with power-low degree distribution lack any such cutoff value, at least in theory, they are often called scale-free networks . Examples of such scale-free networks are the world-wide-web, the internet, scientific collaboration and citation networks, and biochemical networks. 在网络研究第二个重要方面是在很多现实世界的网络结构中，节点邻居数量的分布通常是有着厚重尾巴的右倾斜分布，这意味着大多数节点的度少于平均数，而很少一部分的节点有很大的节点。这种数量描述可以用数学中的幂律来描述，这种幂律有着渐近线是。。。这意味着随机选择一个度为k的节点的概率随着幂k而减少，指数通常在2-3之间，指数大小决定着衰减的速度。幂律分布的典型特征是如果把这些点房子双Log坐标轴上的话，幂律分布就是一条斜率为负数的直线。这种性质和其整台分布相对。正态分布要是画在双LOG坐标轴上的话，会急剧弯曲。这种正态分布，选择一个比一个截止值更大的度的概率近乎为零。平均值就明显地代表着网络度分布的一个标度。而幂律分布的网络没有这样一个截止值，至少在理论上缺乏这么一个截止值。符合幂律分布的网络就要无标度网络。无标度网络有万维网，internet， 科学合作网和引文网，，生物化学网等。
今天收到JGR编辑Zhang的email，我的文章被JGR-Atmos接收了，虽然我是通讯作者，但也很开心。 Dear Dr. Zhao: I am pleased to accept "Statistical tests for a correlation between decadal variation in June precipitation in China and sunspot number" for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. 我会继续努力！我现在的方向是一个很有潜力的方向。
It was proposed by Christian Goldbach that every odd composite number can be written as the sum of a prime and twice a square. 9 = 7 + 2 1 2 15 = 7 + 2 2 2 21 = 3 + 2 3 2 25 = 7 + 2 3 2 27 = 19 + 2 2 2 33 = 31 + 2 1 2 It turns out that the conjecture was false. What is the smallest odd composite that cannot be written as the sum of a prime and twice a square? require(gmp) n - 1:10000 p - n for (i in seq(3,10000,2)) { if (any(p==i)) next x - sqrt((i-p )/2) if (any(round(x) == x)) { next } else { cat (i, "\n") } } 5777
Take the number 192 and multiply it by each of 1, 2, and 3: 192 1 = 192 192 2 = 384 192 3 = 576 By concatenating each product we get the 1 to 9 pandigital, 192384576. We will call 192384576 the concatenated product of 192 and (1,2,3) The same can be achieved by starting with 9 and multiplying by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, giving the pandigital, 918273645, which is the concatenated product of 9 and (1,2,3,4,5). What is the largest 1 to 9 pandigital 9-digit number that can be formed as the concatenated product of an integer with (1,2, ... , n) where n 1? is.pandigital = function(x){ g = 1:9 d = as.integer(unlist(strsplit(as.character(x),NULL))) setequal(d,g) } result = 0 for (i in 9387:9234) { result = paste(i, 2*i,sep='') if(is.pandigital(result)) break } "932718654"
@ARTICLE{GXFF12, author = {Shan Gao and Shuo Xu and Yaping Fang and Jianwen Fang}, title = {Using Multitask Classification Methods to Investigate the Kinase-Specific Phosphorylation Sites}, journal = {Proteome Science}, year = {2012}, volume = {10}, pages = {S7}, number = {Suppl. 1}, abstract = {\textbf{Background:} Identification of phosphorylation sites by computational methods is becoming increasingly important because it reduces labor-intensive and costly experiments and can improve our understanding of the common properties and underlying mechanisms of protein phosphorylation. \textbf{Methods:} A multitask learning framework for learning four kinase families simultaneously, instead of studying each kinase family of phosphorylation sites separately, is presented in the study. The framework includes two multitask classification methods: the Multi-Task Least Squares Support Vector Machines (MTLS-SVMs) and the Multi-Task Feature Selection (MT-Feat3). \textbf{Results:} Using the multitask learning framework, we successfully identify 18 common features shared by four kinase families of phosphorylation sites. The reliability of selected features is demonstrated by the consistent performance in two multi-task learning methods. \textbf{Conclusions:} The selected features can be used to build efficient multitask classifiers with good performance, suggesting they are important to protein phosphorylation across 4 kinase families.}, } 全文见： Using multitask classification methods to investigate the kinase-specific phosph.pdf
Use bc $ echo "0.8 0.7" | bc 1 $ echo "0.8 0.7" | bc 0 $ echo ".08 0.7" | bc 0 use awk x = "0.80" y = "0.70" result = $ ( awk - vx = $x - vy = $y 'BEGIN{ print x=y?1:0}' ) if ; then echo "x more than y" fi
好不容易和敬仰的席宁老师互通了email，先赞一下席宁老师对待学生的态度，几乎是瞬间就回复了邮件，很客气的说： I would like to have a chance to chat with you over the phone. Could you please let me know what number and when it is convenient for me to call you? 兴奋之中，傻不拉几的就回复到：随时可以！ 写在这里就是希望能给自己告诫，永远别说，随时可以！ 人家问你什么时间方便，其实是一份很正式的约定，礼貌的做法是一定给出具体时间，哪怕对方不合适再修改。说随时可以就是放弃约定，对方也也就无从下手。 “随时可以”还体现出了对自己时间的不尊重，对方可不一定体谅你谦卑的心情，一旦认定你是个随意的人，自然也没有下文。 • 整理资料 找到很久前写下的话，声明一下原创。 铁杵能磨成针，但木杵只能磨成牙签，材料不对，再努力也没用 都是草,竹子可以比树长得高,芦苇也有天分,但是喝再多的水,晒再多的太阳也长不成参天大 草. 同样的一瓶饮料，便利店里卖3元，五星饭店里卖60元，很多的时候，一个人的价值取决于所 在的位置
Yonghe Zhang ionocovalent theory applications (4). I. Methods The Effective principal quantum number n is a term for describing the electron wavefunction. It determines the size and (in hydrogen atom) the energy of an orbital. The n is used to label electron shells and may take on integer values from 1 to infinity. Large n means a large valence shell. Based on the consideration ofthe spatial screening of the electron orbitals and the Zhengsionization energies , we have correlated a relationship with t he effective principal quantum number n* by observation-feedback calculation : n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 n * 1(0.85) 1.99 2.89 3.45 3.85 4.36 4.36(4.99） And the n * has been widely adopted for derivation and calculation of new atomic and molecular parameters such as effective nuclear charges topological index, bond energy, lattice energy, molecular connectivity index and topological index m G . N.-W. Zheng, Ko Hsueh Tung Pao, 1977, 22 (12), 531 Y. Zhang, J. Molecular Science, (Chinese) 1981, 1 , 125. Y. Zhang,, Inorg Chem., 1982, 21, 3886 ; K. Li, and D. Xue, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b), 2007, 244, 6, 1982. D. Yu, J. Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science Ed.), 2006, 23, 3, 1-4. C.-J. Feng, Chemical Researches., 1999, 10, 2, 57-63. C.-J. Feng, Chinese Journal of Inorg, Chem., 1999, 15, 3, 1-9. C.-J. Feng, Chinese Journal of Inorg, Chem., 2000, 16, 5, 715-720 S.-Y. Xu, Z.-P. Zhang, M.-Y. Song, J.-Y. Xue, Journal of University of Science and Technology of China , 2006, 36, 9, 1015-1020.
标签: Number
