近期，委内瑞拉的学者Jaffe等人发现发展中国家在物理、化学方面发表的论文数与经济发展成正相关，可以用来预测人均GDP的增长。他们的研究论文“Productivity in Physical and Chemical Science Predicts the Future Economic Growth of Developing Countries Better than Other Popular Indices”已经发表在PLoS ONE上。相比与农业、生物医药方面的发表论文数量，物理、化学方面的成就与以后的经济增长不仅相关性更强，而且更显著。或许应了那句老话：“ 学好数理化，走遍天下都不怕 ”。 科学研究促进经济发展，强大的经济后盾能保障科学研究的顺利进行，这是一个常识性的问题。但就这么一点常识性的认识，却很少有基于数据的支持，从这点意义上来讲，本研究具有一定的价值。Jaffe等人发现发达国家在农业方面的论文产出和投入相对较少，这点就像恩格尔系数一样，发达国家农业、农学方面已经很发达了，其投入固然可以相对少点。发展中国家物理、化学方面论文产出与人均GDP的高度相关性或许并不能用来说明二者是相互促进的因果必然关系，但在复杂的世界，有时发现简单的相关性，甚至不用去解释都足以令人激动和兴奋。 同时，他们也发现人均GDP与环境科学方面的论文产出负相关，这点是我不愿看到的。环境科学或者我们的生态学领域的研究与经济增幅从长远的角度来看应该是正相关的，就像生态与经济从词源的角度同根同源一样。作者发现的这种负相关估计经不起 更长 时间序列的检验，如从5年延伸到15年或者50年。 尽管有以上不足的地方，但作者还是得出了一些令人深思的结论，如对于发展中国家更应该重视基础研究，以期保证持续的经济增速；而过多的投入到应用研究经济增幅则不会那么明显。这或许也说明了基础研究和应用研究区别的一个方面。
苦逼的中国高中教育和美国的高中课程对比 2011-06-14 17:22 (分类: 教育问题 ) 当中国高考变成3+1之后，是简单了，还是复杂了；是文理不分科了，还是分得更确底？高中3年，来来回回，也就那几门课的东西：语数英，史地政，理化生。没了。这就是你3年高中接触到的东西，别的还能有什么？你大部分时间是在题海战场上辛苦度过。说是中国中学教育基础扎实，确实如此，不可否认，但是在题海里冲浪出来，不把你培养成考试机器，也得让你对考试无所畏惧。可是这样的教育为了什么，获得了什么？目的只有一个，只是为了那一刻的“龙门”一跃——高考！ 话锋一转，国内常见的话语，说美国高中简单。真是如此吗？到美国读过高中的人心里清楚，没见识过美国高中的人，只能跟着瞎说或者听信别人的“谣传”。要了解真相，并不难，网络那么方便，上网查找一下，一目了然，请看后面这个课程名单。虽然不是每个学校都会或者都有能力开那么多课程，但这样的课程名单重点是有什么课程，可以学什么。 美国也有不少是一般学校，满足最基本的高中要求，这算是比较差的高中，跟国内差的学校一样，水平参差不齐。你能拿中国最好的高中跟这类高中对比嘛？要知道，大量的美国高中，不管是公立还是私立，都会开数量不定的AP课程或者Honors 课程，这些课程的难度是大学一年级的基础课或者是专业基础课。而课程的灵活性是针对学生个人的喜好和接受能力进行选课，而不是所有人都上一样的课程。 这样的高中课程表还可以看出什么名堂吗？不想写了，自己看吧。反正这对于你我，都不再重要了。真想了解的人，还是自己去思考或者进一步查找研究一下。 还可以上纲上线一下，比如说，中国高中的题海战术已经意味着中国教育从高中就开始落后了。你别说分数考得高，就是胜利或者赢出，可是在你专注于琢磨考试技巧和题海练习的时候，美国高中生接受的是各种思维训练，发展能力和技能的培养。于是，当你以高分的成绩被中国“顶尖”大学录取而沾沾自喜的时候，美国高中生以一种挑战者的心态被美国“顶尖”大学录取。然后，在中美“顶尖”大学的差距之下，4年后，还有可比性吗？ 总之，不要人云亦云，认识到差距，更需要做出改进，否则落后了，还不懂得进取，只能一直落后下去。 High School Course List K12 Math, English, Science, and History courses are offered in multiple levels—Core, Comprehensive, Honors, Advanced Placement®, Remediation, and Credit Recovery to meet the needs of diverse learners. With K12, students have tremendous flexibility: they can take the Core level in some subjects and Honors or AP® in others—as they build the path to post-high school success that is right for them. Up to four years of a World Language (depending on the language) is offered as well. Finally, students can enroll in a variety of electives such as Anthropology, Web Design, Personal Finance, and more to pursue their passions. We know that the combination of rich, engaging content with interesting, interactive demonstrations and activities helps students absorb and retain information. The use of graded assignments and assessments further allows students to demonstrate progress against learning objectives. And there are easy-to-use online planning and progress tools to keep students on track, each day. Below, you'll find a current course listing. Complete information on each course, plus updates, can be found by clicking on each course in the list, or downloaded in our high school course catalog . K12 2011-2012 High School Course List English Core ENG102: Literary Analysis Composition I ENG202: Literary Analysis Composition II ENG302: American Literature ENG402: British World Literature Comprehensive ENG103: Literary Analysis Composition I ENG203: Literary Analysis Composition II ENG303: American Literature ENG403: British World Literature Honors/AP® ENG104: Honors Literary Analysis Composition I ENG204: Honors Literary Analysis Composition II ENG304: Honors American Literature ENG404: Honors British World Literature ENG500: AP English Language Composition ENG510: AP English Literature Composition Electives ENG010: Journalism * ENG020: Public Speaking*♦ Remediation ENG001: English Foundations I ENG011: English Foundations II Credit Recovery ENG106: Literary Analysis Composition I ENG206: Literary Analysis Composition II ENG306: American Literature ENG406: British World Literature Science Core SCI102: Physical Science SCI112: Earth Science SCI202: Biology SCI302: Chemistry Comprehensive SCI113: Earth Science SCI203: Biology SCI303: Chemistry SCI403: Physics Honors/AP SCI114: Honors Earth Science SCI204: Honors Biology SCI304: Honors Chemistry SCI404: Honors Physics SCI500: AP Biology SCI510: AP Chemistry SCI520: AP Physics B SCI530: AP Environmental Science♦ Electives SCI010: Environmental Science * SCI020: Life Science: Oceanography * Credit Recovery SCI106: Physical Science SCI116: Earth Science SCI206: Biology SCI306: Chemistry World Languages Comprehensive WLG100: Spanish I WLG200: Spanish II WLG300: Spanish III WLG400: Spanish IV♦ WLG110: French I WLG210: French II WLG310: French III WLG410: French IV♦ WLG120: German I WLG220: German II WLG320: German III♦ WLG420: German IV♦ WLG130: Latin I WLG230: Latin II WLG140: Chinese I WLG240: Chinese II WLG150: Japanese I♦ WLG250: Japanese II♦ Credit Recovery WLG106: Spanish I♦ Honors/AP WLG500: AP Spanish Language WLG510: AP French Language Technology Computer Science TCH010: Computer Literacy I * (changing to Computer Literacy) TCH030: Digital Photography Graphics * (changing to Image Design Editing) TCH040: Web Design * TCH060: C++ Programming * TCH070: Game Design I * (changing to Game Design) TCH090: Online Game Design * (changing to Flash Game Development) TCH016: Flash Animation * TCH017: 3D Art I–Modeling * TCH018: 3D Art II–Animation * TCH026: Audio Engineering * TCH027: Green Design Technology * TCH028: Digital Arts I * TCH029: Digital Arts II * TCH036: Computer Science I♦ TCH037: Computer Science II*♦ TCH038: Engineering Design I/CAD*♦ TCH039: Engineering Design II*♦ TCH500: AP Computer Science A♦ Mathematics Core MTH112: Pre-Algebra MTH122: Algebra I MTH202: Geometry MTH302: Algebra II MTH312: Business Consumer Math * Comprehensive MTH113: Pre-Algebra MTH123: Algebra I MTH203: Geometry MTH303: Algebra II MTH403: Pre-Calculus/Trigonometry MTH413: Probability Statistics*♦ MTH433: Calculus♦ Honors/AP MTH124: Honors Algebra I MTH204: Honors Geometry MTH304: Honors Algebra II MTH500: AP Calculus AB MTH510: AP Statistics Electives BUS030: Personal Finance * Remediation MTH001: Math Foundations I MTH011: Math Foundations II Credit Recovery MTH116: Pre-Algebra MTH126: Algebra I MTH206: Geometry MTH306: Algebra II History Social Sciences Core HST102: World History HST202: Modern World Studies HST212: Geography World Cultures * HST302: U.S. History HST312: Modern U.S. History HST402: U.S. Government Politics * HST412: U.S. Global Economics * Comprehensive HST103: World History HST203: Modern World Studies HST213: Geography World Cultures * HST303: U.S. History HST313: Modern U.S. History HST403: U.S. Government Politics * HST413: U.S. Global Economics * Honors/AP HST104: Honors World History HST204: Honors Modern World Studies HST304: Honors U.S. History HST314: Honors Modern U.S. History HST500: AP U.S. History HST510: AP U.S. Government Politics * HST520: AP Macroeconomics * HST530: AP Microeconomics * HST540: AP Psychology * HST550: AP European History * HST560: AP World History♦ Electives HST010: Anthropology * HST020: Psychology * HST030: Macroeconomics * HST040: Civics♦ Credit Recovery HST106: World History♦ HST206: Modern World Studies HST216: Geography World Cultures♦ HST306: U.S. History HST316: Modern U.S. History HST406: American Government*♦ HST416: Economics*♦ Electives Additional Courses ART010: Fine Art ART020: Music Appreciation ART500: AP Art History♦ BUS010: Business Communication Career Exploration * BUS020: Business Personal Relationships * BUS030: Personal Finance * BUS040: Introduction to Entrepreneurship * BUS050: Introduction to Entrepreneurship II * BUS060: Introduction to Marketing I * BUS070: Introduction to Marketing II * ENG010: Journalism * ENG020: Public Speaking*♦ HST010: Anthropology * HST020: Psychology * HST030: Macroeconomics * HST040: Civics♦ PRJ010: Service Learning SCI010: Environmental Science * SCI020: Life Science: Oceanography * OTH010: Skills for Health * OTH020: Physical Education * OTH040: Reaching Your Academic Potential * OTH050: Achieving Your Career College Goals * Credit Recovery OTH016: Health*♦ OTH026: Physical Education*♦ Orientation ORN010: Online Learning ORN100: Finding Your Path I ORN200: Finding Your Path II ORN300: Finding Your Path III ORN400: Finding Your Path IV * This is a one-semester course. ♦ New for 2011–2012. More information coming soon. Please note: not all courses are available in all K12 schools. 来源： http://www.k12.com/courses/high-school-courses/high-school-course-list
标签: 数理化
