Bay Point, CA. 94565 July 24, 2015 Secretary Apple Inc. 1 Infinite Loop, MS: 301-4GC Cupertino , California 95014 (via post mail email shareholderproposal@apple.com ) Re: Shareholder Proposal on Compensation Committee Dear Secretary: Enclosed please find my shareholder proposal for inclusion in our proxy materials for the 2016 annual meeting of shareholders and Scottrade letter of my shares ownership. I will continuously hold these shares until the 2016 annual meeting of shareholders. Should you have any questions, please contact me at 1-925-643-**** or zhao.cpri@gmail.com . Yourstruly, Jing Zhao Enclosure: Shareholder proposal Shares ownership letter Shareholder Proposal on Compensation Committee Resolved: shareholders recommend that Apple Inc. reform its Compensation Committee to include outside independent experts from the general public to adopt new compensation principles responsive to America’s general economy, such as unemployment,working hour and wage inequality. Supporting Statement According to Apple Notice of 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders,the CEO's total compensation is U.S. dollar 9,222,638 in 2014; the CFO's total compensation is 14,002,801 in 2014; the former CFO's total compensation is 68,591,562 in 2012;the Retails and Online Stores SVP's total compensation is 73,351,124 in 2014; the Internet Software and Services SVP's total compensation is 50,420,415 in 2012; and the Operations SVP's total compensation is 68,691,612 in 2012 (page 40). “In 2014, the CompensationCommittee selected and directly retained the services of Pay Goverance LLC, …on matters for which the Compensation Committee is responsible.” (page 29). However, any single consulting firm cannot represent the wide general public, such as unions and academic societies, to advise a fair, just and ethical compensation policy. As Thomas Piketty stated, “there is absolutely no doubt that the increase of inequality in the United States contributed to the nation’s financial instability.” (Capital in the Twenty-First Century, trans. Arthur Goldhammer. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014.p.297) “Let me return now to the cause of rising inequality in the United States. The increase was largely the result of an unprecedented increase in wage inequality and in particular the emergence of extremely high remunerations at the summit of the wage hierarchy,particularly among top managers of large firms.”(p.298) And, “the financial professions are about twice as common in the very high income groups as in the economy overall.” (p.303) “Because it is objectively difficult to measure individual contributions to a firm’s output,top managers found it relatively easy to persuade boards and stockholders that they were worth the money, especially since the members of compensation committees were often chosen in a rather incestuous manner.” (p.510) This proposal should also be evaluated in the context of our company’s overall compensation policy, such as the widely reported and criticized working condition issue, for Apple employees and especially for supply-chain workers in China, where most of our products are made and sold and our CEO “has served on the advisory board of Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management since October 2013” (Notice page 10).
Jinpeng Shen1, Zhiqiang Qiao1, Jun Wang, Kaili Zhang, Rui Li, Fude Nie, Guangcheng Yang*.Pressure loss and compensation in the combustion process of Al–CuO nanoenergetics on a microheater chip. Combustion and Flame 161 (2014) 2975–2981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.04.015 Combustion and Flame 161 (2014) 2975–2981.pdf This study investigates pressure loss and compensation in the combustion process of Al–CuO metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) on a microheater chip. A ball cell model of pressure change in the com- bustion process is proposed to show the effects of pressure loss on the reaction rate and efficiency of energy output at microscale. An effective compensation method for pressure loss is then developed by integrating Al–CuO MIC with CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) onto a SiO2/Cr/Pt/Au microheater chip. The combustion processes of Al–CuO MIC with different weight percentages of fine CL-20 particles on the microheater chips are observed by high-speed video recording. Results indicate that the reaction of Al–CuO MIC is a slow combustion process that turns into intense deflagration after adding fine CL-20 particles to Al–CuO MIC. The pressure–time characteristics indicate higher maximum pressure and pressurization rate for Al–CuO/CL-20 because the pressure loss at microscale is well com- pensated by the addition of fine CL20. This study proves the importance of pressure loss in the combustion process of MIC at microscale and provides an efficient compensation strategy for pressure loss to improve the reaction rate and efficiency of energy output at microscale environment.
When a chemical reaction exhibits a linear relationship between enthalpy and entropy , one might observe what is known as an Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation , where the magnitude of change in the Gibbs free energy is less than one might expect. Mathematically, this is because of the Gibbs free energy equation (ΔG = ΔH – TΔS), where the change in enthalpy (ΔH) and the change in entropy (ΔS) have opposite signs—ΔG will change very little if both enthalpy and entropy increase. For instance, in a reaction where the chemical bonds become stronger or where chemical bonds are being formed throughout the course of a reaction a negative ΔH value will result. At the same time, this aforementioned act of forming or even strengthening a bond will limit the movement of the molecule (in terms of the molecule’s ability to rotate, vibrate, etc.) and hence decrease the molecule’s entropy. This leads to a fairly small ΔG value. This effect is frequently invoked in the discussion of the thermodynamics of proteins, ligands, and nucleic acids. There are two variations on the usage of enthalpy-entropy compensation in explaining a reaction: the weak, and the strong form of compensation. The weak form of compensation is described when ΔH and ΔS have the same sign as a change occurs in some thermodynamic quantity excluding temperature. The weak form of compensation is a result of the rules of thermodynamics . Statistical mechanics shows qualitatively that as a system populates the lower energy levels, the enthalpy and entropy will both decrease. Given a regular change in some experimental variable (such as a series of homologous molecules, or a series of experimental conditions excluding temperature), the strong form of compensation occurs when ΔH and ΔS exhibit a linear correlation. In this case ΔG will be small relative to the range of values expected from the experiment. Athel Cornish-Bowden has argued enthalpy-entropy is probably a statistical artifact, which could result in observing a relationship between two variables which may at first seem to be a trustworthy, but is false because the relationship being observed does not actually exist. Sometimes a graph that is plotted against temperature will be used to attain a value of enthalpy and entropy, when in fact this is not the proper way to measure these values. Assume a linear, Arrhenius plot of the natural log of the rate constant, ln(k), versus inverse temperature T -1 . Both the intercept and slope of this plot are used alongside transition-state theory to reveal a linear plot of ΔS ‡ versus ΔH ‡ . This approach is fine for ΔH ‡ . On the other hand, the ΔS‡ value is derived from an extrapolation that can be as high as twenty times the range of the measured data. One cannot hope for more than a broad idea of the true value of ΔS ‡ . Plots of ΔH ‡ vs. ΔS ‡ have been shown to exhibit an extremely strong linear relationship. Criticism of the enthalpy-entropy compensation arises from this strong correlation, which is “too good to be true.” It is believed these plots are a result of looking at the same variable in two different ways, and nothing experimentally significant is being shown. Ideally, calorimetry experiments can yield the proper measurements of enthalpy and entropy.
标签: compensation
