王 应 宽 Wang Yingkuan Beijing, China December 27, 2011 美国工程院院士科普：学习如何骑车不跌倒 Learn how to ride a bike, with no falls 博主按： 在与美国专家朋友 William Bill Chancellor 通信互致圣诞与新年问候过程中，得知他老人家对骑单车很感兴趣，并且最近在加州当地一家报纸上发表了他的“研究成果”——学习如何骑车不跌倒！觉得有趣，随即索要他发表的文章。他很慷慨，发来文章的纯文本、 PDF 和发表源媒体的链接。转载于此，与各位学车的朋友和教孩子学车的老爸老妈们分享、共勉。 William Bill Chancellor 是加州大学戴维斯分校生物与农业工程系的退休教授，主要从事农业机械和能源利用效率等方面的研究。因为在他所从事领域的杰出成就被评为美国工程院院士。他年轻时因为搀扶一位初到美国求学不慎跌倒的泰国女留学生，并帮助她扛行李箱，后来就恋爱结婚了。关于他的传奇故事，以后专文介绍。 原文出处： Bill Chancellor and Mike Hacker. Learn how to ride a bike, with no falls. September 08, 2011 | Posted by Special to The Enterprise. Short URL: http://www.davisenterprise.com/?p=79565 http://www.davisenterprise.com/local-news/news-columns/learn-how-to-ride-a-bike-with-no-falls/ 关于作者 William Bill Chancellor 的资料链接 Prof. Bill Chancellor - Natl Academy of Engineering Award. http://tractors.ucdavis.edu/BAE/index.htm http://engineering.ucdavis.edu/go/50years/biographies/WilliamChancellor.html Pat Reynolds shows his 6-year-old son Cooper how to ride his new birthday bike using the no-falls method for uninitiated riders. Courtesy photo By Bill Chancellor and Mike Hacker September 08, 2011 | Posted by Special to The Enterprise Learn how to ride a bike, with no falls By Bill Chancellor and Mike Hacker Pat Reynolds shows his 6-year-old son Cooper how to ride his new birthday bike using the no-falls method for uninitiated riders. Courtesy photo By Bill Chancellor and Mike Hacker Editor’s note: The following is a description of a technique used by the authors, not a set of instructions. Learning to ride a bicycle is a rite of passage that’s etched into most of our childhood memories. Unfortunately, these memories often include skinned knees, run-ins with unforgiving trees, and an out-of-shape parent running alongside nearing cardiac arrest. However, there’s a technique for teaching bicycle-riding skills to first-time learners that can make for more pleasant memories — the no-falls method. This method is based on the principle that a bicycle is kept upright mostly by the rider continually steering to keep the wheel-ground-contact-line always under the rider. It’s the consummate balancing act, requiring forward motion and steering adjustments by the rider in response to bicycle tilt. And since these adjustments must happen within a split-second, they need to be pre-programmed in the rider’s mind for automatic and near-instantaneous response. The first step is for the learner to sit on a stopped bicycle with helmet securely fastened. The teacher holds the bicycle upright by the seat and prevents forward motion so the learner isn’t distracted by fear of falling. To set up the exercises, the learner is instructed to turn the handlebars in the direction the bicycle is tilting, the basis of the no-falls method. Then the teacher tilts the bicycle slowly to the right followed by tilting it slowly back to the upright position. In simultaneous response, the learner turns the handlebars in the direction of the tilt and straightens out the handlebars as the bicycle becomes upright again. Next the exercise is done to the left. This drill is repeated several times, with the learner always knowing which way the bicycle will tilt. Once the learner responds to tilts quickly (in about a half-second), the teacher progresses to tilting to the right (and then the left) in random amounts until the reaction time becomes similarly fast. Finally, the exercise includes random amounts of tilting in random directions until the learner responds quickly and proportionally to any change. The set of exercises is repeated twice more, with five-minute breaks between each repetition. To transition to actual riding, the teacher first ensures that the bicycle is in low gear and adjusts the seat so the learner can touch the ground with the left foot while sitting on the saddle. Next, with the learner off the bicycle, the teacher shows how to rotate the crank so that the right pedal is slightly forward of the top-most position. The learner then gets on the bicycle with right foot on the right pedal and left foot on the ground. Before beginning to ride, the learner must understand how to use the brakes to stop, that neither foot should be put down until the bike has nearly stopped, and how to pedal. Finally, the basic idea is reinforced by reminding the learner to turn the handlebars in the direction of any tilt. Then, it’s time to apply what has been learned in a flat, isolated area. On the first ride, the teacher may give the bicycle a gentle push to help get started and make pedaling easier. Later, independent starting can include pushing off with the left foot while pushing down with the right. The teacher should never have to run alongside, since the learner’s reaction time should be short enough to make necessary steering adjustments. After achieving success riding forward and applying the tilt-turn response automatically, learning to turn willfully comes next. To explain this concept, the teacher tells the learner to pretend there’s a traffic cone in the center of the turn and to tilt parallel to the side of the cone as the bicycle goes around the turn. How does the learner accomplish the needed tilt? Although it’s counter-intuitive, the turn may be started by briefly steering in the opposite direction to the desired turn. When the tilt-turn response takes over, all the learner has to do is keep the bicycle in the tilted mode until the turn has been completed. If followed properly, the no-falls method can help new riders learn to ride a bicycle quickly and safely, without tears or bandages. — Bill Chancellor is an emeritus professor of biological and agricultural engineering at UC Davis with a longtime interest in bicycling. Triathlete Mike Hacker is a technical writer/project lead for Dell Services, federal government. To offer a Davis Bicycles! column, write to Mont Hubbard or Matt Biers-Ariel at column@davisbicycles.org or log on to bikedavis.info to see instructions for authors. Short URL: http://www.davisenterprise.com/?p=79565 This story falls on page "A3" Posted by Special to The Enterprise on Sep 8 2011. Filed under Bicycling, Columns. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry Share Leave a ReplyClick here to cancel reply. Name (required) Mail (will not be published) (required) Website Notify me of followup comments via e-mail Type the two words: Type what you hear: Incorrect. Try again. Learn how to ride a bike with no falls.pdf My son Tian Jian is learning how to ride a bike with training wheels Tian Jian says hello on his bike Tian Jian is taking a nap while riding a bike Learn how to ride a bike with no falls
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