作为全球首家提供 HiSeq X Ten 测序的公司，千年基因已与中国、韩国、美国、西班牙、乌拉圭等国家的研究人员合作启动 2 万例人全基因组测序。近日千年基因再传捷报，目前已与伦敦大学国王学院（ King's College London ）签署基因组项目合作协议，将应用 HiSeq X Ten 平台开展大规模人全基因组测序，并共同促进神经系统疾病的研究！ 伦敦大学国王学院精神病学研究所在精神病学及心理学方面的科研实力遥遥领先，该单位研究人员一直致力于在某些特定基因中挖掘与精神分裂症相关的遗传变异。随着人全基因组测序成本的显著降低，研究人员希望通过大规模人全基因组测序在整个基因组范围内发现更多致病变异同时包括前期尚未研究的结构变异。 为了找到最佳的项目合作伙伴，伦敦大学国王学院邀请全球最具影响力的几家测序机构参与竞标。最终千年基因以其 18 年的公司信誉、全球最高的测序质量及强大的数据分析实力从诸多竞争对手中脱颖而出，成为伦敦大学国王学院的项目合作伙伴。 对于本次合作，伦敦大学国王学院精神病学研究所 John Powell 教授表示：“我们正在研究基因结构变异对精神分裂症患者大脑功能的影响，并致力于开发新的诊断和治疗方法，千年基因提供的 HiSeq X Ten 测序将成为从大规模疾病样本中鉴定结构变异的最有效方法。” 同时，千年基因总部的 CEO HyungTae Kim 表示：“很荣幸能够通过伦敦大学国王学院严格的审核标准，并向其提供人全基因组测序服务。千年基因将提供最高质量的测序及数据分析服务，并协助该单位对神经系统疾病展开全面深入的研究。” 来 自千年基因官网 。
千年基因 总部 Macrogen 、首尔大学和乌拉圭蒙得韦巴斯德研究所联合启动首个南美基因组-乌拉圭人类基因组计划，研究目标旨在挖掘乌拉圭人群中不同疾病的遗传机制，同时推动乌拉圭遗传学研究的发展。 Macrogen 将结合 Illumina HiSeq X Ten 平台对80个乌拉圭人进行全基因组测序，同时将在首尔大学和乌拉圭蒙得韦巴斯德研究所提供相应的信息分析培训。 Macrogen公司 是第一家获得 HiSeq X Ten 测序资格的商业公司。 HiSeq X Ten 是第一个把测序价格降到1000美元以下的平台，该平台一年可以对18000个人进行测序。 测序结果将建成一个乌拉圭专属的数据库，为未来乌拉圭的个体化医疗奠定基础。这些结果将帮助人们更好地理解乌拉圭人群遗传性疾病的遗传基础。 September 19, 2014 By a GenomeWeb staff reporter NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) – The Institut Pasteur de Montevideo in Uruguay, Seoul National University, and Macrogen have launched the Urugenomes Project. The goal is to discover the genetic basis of different diseases in Uruguay as well as spur genetics research growth in Uruguay. As part of the project, Macrogen will sequence 80 Uruguayan genomes over the next three years using Illumina's HiSeq X Ten. Urugenomes Project is very important to us in many different aspects. The science aspect of studying the Uruguayan genome is very exciting, but we are also extremely thrilled about the educational and cultural aspect of this project, Jeong-Sun Seo, chairman of Macrogen, said in a statement. The project will include bioinformatics training for Uruguayan scientists at Seoul National University and the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. Development of bioinformatics capability is becoming strategically important not only for academic research but also for disease diagnosis and development of new biotech products in Uruguay, Luis Barbeito, the director of Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, said in a statement. The results of the project will be used to build a Uruguayan-specific database, which is expected to provide the basis for future personalized medicine in Uruguay. 更多信息 千年基因应用HiSeq X Ten平台启动首个南美基因组计划 。 总部Macrogen报道： Macrogen launch Urugenomes Project to decode the genome of Uruguyan population 。 测序中国报道： 南美首个基因组计划将使用X-Ten对80乌拉圭人测序 。 转自 GenomeWeb 。
2/23/2014 Sunday 10:00:42 PM LifestyleDesign---Day Ten Mylife in the United States Welcometo day 10! Praisethe Lord, now comes to the end of the week. It’s time to reviewing the past and meet the new challenges in the coming week. Frist priority is the To Do Lists in the coming day and week, followed by the summary of the past week. 2 Timothy 2:4 No one serving as a soldier entangles himself with the affairs of this life, that he may please the one who enlisted him. 2:5 And also if anyone contends in the games, he is not crowned unless he contends lawfully. 2:6 The laboring farmer must be the first to partake of the fruit. 2:7 Consider what I say, for the Lord will give you understanding in all things. Must Do Tasks in the Coming Week Num. To Do List Priorities Due Date Yes/No 1 Finish Structural Dynamics homework 1 Mon. 05:00pm 2 Fellowship with Br. Luke via Skype 1 Tue. 10:00am 3 Finish Soil Engineering Homework 1 Wed. 06:20pm 4 Prepare for Road Test Documents 1 Wed. 10:00pm 5 Road Test Practice at Test Center 1 Wed. 05:00pm 6 Hand in the assigned draft paper 1 Fri. 04:15pm 7 Draft the Goals to be achieved in March 1 Fri. 23:15pm 8 Finish assigned tasks in daily schedule 1 Sun. 23:30pm To Do Lists on Monday Num. To Do List Priorities Due Date Yes/No 1 Finish Structural Dynamics homework 1 Mon. 05:00pm 2 Finish assigned tasks in daily schedule 1 Mon. 23:30pm 3 Fellowship with Br. Michael 2 Mon. 10:00am 4 Print Road Test Appointment Details 2 Wed. 06:20pm 5 Road test Practice 2 Wed. 17:30pm 6 Prepare for Road Test Documents 3 Wed. 10:00pm 7 Finish 2 pages of the Draft paper 3 Fri. 04:15pm 1 Thessonians 5:23 “And the God of peace Himself sanctify you wholly, and may your spirit and soul and body be preserved complete, without blame, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ According to 1 Thessonians 5:23 man was created God’s vessel. The Bible divides thisvessel into three parts----the spirit, the soul, and the body. I’ll summarize my past week based on these three parts. Before we go, just a little bit definitions. The Body, refers to the physical body we have, belonging to the physiological level, contacts the things in the material world. It’s the most superficial part in man’s body. Inthe past week, I’m following a self-paced physical training plan: 14 Days to100 Burpees. Up to today, I can do 75reps, within 10 minutes. By the end I’ll be doing 100 at a time. This high intensity interval training basically removes any excuse I have for not working out because I don’t have enough time.Absolutely, in the past week, I feel more energetic, my endurance was boosted,and my efficiency was also improved. In the next week, I’ll stick to it. May Lord still strengthen me, and preserve my body! So what about the soul? The Soul simply the mental faculty, is our very self, possessing self-consciousness, that we may have our personality. It falls into psychological level, contacting the things of the mental realm and is a deeper part, a medium between our spirit and our body. The past week, I revised my daily schedule, and stick to it strictly. The most challenging one is that I developed a habit of writing blog in English. Writing,in general, is part of living a successful life. It is also a form ofcommunication. Anyhow, the better one writes, the better one speaks. In last week, based on my current skill level, I routinely give 45 minutes to this process each day. Mainly focused on building the habit of writing daily and learning to think in English. Also, I tried another three foreign languages, just out of interest. Anyone can learn to speak a foreign language as long as they are willing to put the time and focus into the project. 화이팅 ! It is never too late to learn to speak a new language! The Spirit, which is the deepest part of man, belong to the spiritual level. As our inmost part, the spirit possessing God-consciousness, that we may contact God.Praise the Lord, in the past week, I experienced Lord as my Good Shepherd, and the one who changes death into life. I no longer complain about death situations around me or I am within. I just turn to Lord, open to Him in every death situation, let this Life-giving Spirit come to my spirit. I felt like I need Him day by day, moment by moment, and Love Him more and more in the past week. Thanks the Lord, He leads me through all the ups and downs. For problems of the body one may see a doctor; for problems of the mind one may visit a psychiatrist; Yet only God can solve the problems of the spirit. Only God can sanctify me wholly and can preserve my entire being, my spirit and souland body, complete, keeping it from being common or defiled. In the coming week, I should cooperate with Him in this matter, pray consistently, and stick to the Bible reading schedule, enjoy Lord Himself daily. Tips:Place for everything and everything in its place. For the rest of your days follow these four rules to keep your house in order: “If you take it out, put it back. If you open it, close it. If you throw it down,pick it up. If you take it off, hang it up. “
Stephen Merkowitz: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Geodesy Project (SGP) is soliciting information to improve its understanding of the interest, capabilities, and Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) estimates for planning the construction, deployment, and operation of the next generation Space Geodesy (SG) Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations that will be part of a new NASA’s Space Geodetic Network (SGN). NASA is considering the construction of up to ten new SLR stations that will contribute to the larger Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS).
Ten of the Best Mothers Ever 发布时间：2012-05-05 文章出自：www.esquire.com 原文链接： 点击查看 Ten of the Best Mothers Ever Salute the all-time masters in mommying with forgotten tales of the rearing of quarterbacks, presidents, Nobel Prize winners, and more By Sean Cunningham 10. Gloria Connors Jimmy Connors won 109 titles (including eight Grand Slams) and, along with fellow gutty athlete/total jerk John McEnroe, actually got America excited about white men in tiny shorts hitting yellow balls. None of it would have happened without his mother. Momma Connors started coaching her undersized boy at age two and taught him a crucial lifelong lesson: The world is a cruel place. ("See, Jimmy, even your own mother will do that to you, " she reportedly announced while whipping shots past him.) The early abuse gave Jimmy a passion that was as impressive (he made a legendary run to the U.S. Open semifinals at 39) as it was obnoxious (he famously expressed his disagreement with a call by giving the linesman the finger). Jimbo summed up it best when he credited her as the person who "made me a world champion." 9. Lucinda Elizabeth Shaw As any college student will tell you, sometimes the nicest thing parents can do is provide financial support until their child discovers what he or she wants to do. Of course, this is taken to an extreme when the child in question, like George Bernard Shaw, doesn’t know what he wants to do until he’s almost 40. Born in 1856, Shaw didn’t support himself as a writer until he began working as a theater critic in 1895 (and didn’t have his first real literary success until he was 41, with the play The Devil’s Disciple). Since Dad was an alcoholic with an inoperable squint — society did not look kindly upon squinters in this era — there was only one person to turn to: Mom. Her allowance/free housing kept him going until he established himself as one of the major writers of the twentieth century, winning a Nobel Prize for Literature (and an Oscar for the My Fair Lady-inspiring Pygmalion). He repaid her by tirelessly defending women’s rights. (Luckily, she was dead before she could witness his less-rousing senile final years, when he championed Joseph Stalin.) 8. Olivia Manning Quarterback Archie Manning knew he was onto something good when he married the Ole Miss Homecoming Queen, but had no idea how much he’d lucked out. In addition to doing extensive charity work for her home city of New Orleans, she sired three boys: Peyton (Super Bowl MVP quarterback), Eli (Super Bowl MVP quarterback No. 2), and eldest son Cooper, who may be her greatest triumph, despite his lack of hardware. A highly regarded receiver before the discovery of a career-ending spinal condition, Cooper is married with three children and works at an energy-investment firm instead of cranking out dozens of commercials, instantly making him the most likable Manning brother. Now if only Olivia would just adopt Jeremy Shockey. 7. Mother Brown You think your mom had it bad? Try being Irish writer Christy Brown's mother. In 1932, Mrs. Brown gave birth to a son, Christy, who had cerebral palsy and was essentially paralyzed except for one foot. While doctors and the boy’s father dismissed him as hopelessly retarded, she taught him to read and write. Meanwhile, she took care of the other 12 children — yes, as in a dozen — in hardscrabble Dublin on her spouse’s bricklayer salary. (She also had nine other kids who died shortly after childbirth — yay, Catholicism!) Her faith was vindicated as Christy went on to live a full life including a marriage and the autobiography My Left Foot, which inspired the movie of the same name and Daniel Day-Lewis’s non-milkshake-related Oscar. 6. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Some might take away points for her lobotomized daughter, but Rose still raised nine children including three senators, the first of whom went on to be president, the second of whom was the attorney general and one of the most beloved presidential candidates ever, and the third of whom was, er, Teddy. Her personal tragedies were the nation's as well, with Rose surviving the assassinations of two children, the plane-crash deaths of two more during World War II, and a marriage to an adulterous bootlegger. Unstoppable, Rose engaged in philanthropic works into her nineties and died at 104. Top that, Barbara Bush. 5. Mary She gave birth to Jesus Christ, who, depending on your particular belief system, was Our Lord and Savior or at least an unusually good prophet. The result of the Immaculate Conception (she was conceived without the stain of original sin), she later gave virgin birth to Jesus, paving the way for the salvation of humanity and the comic delight Monty Python’s Life of Brian. 4. Sarah Bush Lincoln Abraham Lincoln’s early life wasn’t easy. As we all know, he was born in a log cabin. His mother died when he was only nine. He was distant from his father growing up, and they didn’t get closer as the years passed. Fortunately, he had his stepmother, Sarah Bush Johnson, in his corner. She raised him as her own, encouraged his love of learning, and was so close Abe called her "Mother." Up until he entered the White House and the Civil War started taking up his time, Abe made a point of visiting her, proving parenting's about more than paternity. 3. Mary Thomas Granted, Mary Thomas's son, Isiah, hasn’t been doing all that well lately (although it does take a certain talent to lose a sexual harassment suit, two job titles, and 72 percent of the games coached, all in the same season), but just the fact that Zeke is in position to tarnish his NBA Hall of Fame career is a testament to her sheer will. At 14, she took a bus, by herself, from Mississippi to the West Side of Chicago, where she carved out a new life. (A change that was later immortalized by Alfre Woodard in the TV movie A Mother's Courage: The Mary Thomas Story.) Years later several armed members of the Vice Lords showed up at her home and demanded her seven sons join their street gang. This single mother quietly excused herself for a moment, fetched a sawed-off shotgun from the bedroom, and suggested they move along. While three of her sons ultimately got caught up in crime, Mary's other four boys and two daughters turned out just fine. Especially her youngest child, point-guard prodigy Isiah, who won a college title at Indiana University and two more as a professional with the Detroit Pistons. While Isiah's career off the court has been less than spectacular (he destroyed the CBA and the dreams of Knick fans everywhere), it’s estimated the Knicks owe him at least $18 million, so Mary will be able to afford plenty of ammo. 2. Mother Teresa While Mother Teresa is not a mom in the biological sense of the word, we'll make an exception for the winner of the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. Receiving the call from God at the age of 12, she joined the Sisters of Loreto at 18 and began serving in India in 1931. She would remain there for the final 66 years of her life. While she is inevitably described as a "saint on earth, " letters released after her death revealed a complex woman who struggled with her faith — "I spoke as if my very heart was in love with God — tender, personal love. If you were , you would have said, 'What hypocrisy.'" — yet she never let doubt stop her from caring for the destitute. At her funeral, Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral proclaimed, "Millions are feeling that they have become orphaned. I am one of the orphans." 1. Angela Cavallo A mother is loving, devoted, and possesses mind-blowing brute strength. At least, that’s the case with Angela. When her son Tony was working on a 1964 Chevy Impala in the driveway and the jack collapsed, she did exactly what you’d expect any woman in her late 50s to do: She lifted the car up a few inches for five minutes until neighbors could pull her baby to safety. So next time you manage to trap yourself under heavy machinery, remember: As long as Mom’s in shouting range, it’s going to be just fine. 十位史上最佳母亲 发布时间：2012-05-05 文章出自：译言 原文链接： 点击查看 吉米·康纳斯（Jimmy Connors）曾109次夺得冠军（包括8个大满贯），并且和他的同胞约翰·麦肯罗（John McEnroe）一起，使美国人真正对网球——这个白人穿着小短裤击打小黄球的运动兴奋起来。要是没有他的母亲，这一切是不会发生的。妈妈在康纳斯两岁的时候就开始教他打球，那时候他的个子比同龄孩子还矮小。妈妈教给他的更是一个至关重要的终身教训：世界是个残酷的地方。（“看，吉米，甚至连自己的妈妈都不会放过你！”据说她一边向他抽球一边这样喊着。）这种早期“虐待”给吉米带来的激情既令人钦佩（39岁时还传奇式地杀入美网半决赛），又使人憎恶（众所周知他曾向边裁竖中指，表达不满边裁喊出界）。吉米最贴切地概括了自己和母亲的关系，他说，妈妈是“使我成为世界冠军的人”。 【译注】康纳斯是美国网球史上的传奇人物之一，巅峰时期起始于1974年，最终结束于1983年，曾在1974-1978连续五年年终世界排名第一。 9. 露辛达·伊丽莎白·萧（Lucinda Elizabeth Shaw） 任何一个大学生都会告诉你，有时家长能做到的最伟大举措就是提供财务支持，直到孩子发现自己想要做的事情究竟是什么。当然，如果这个孩子，如萧伯纳（George Bernard Shaw），直到快四十岁才弄清楚自己想干什么，那可就有点过分了。萧伯纳出生于1856年，作为一个作家自己养活自己已是1895年的事了，那年他开始写剧评。他的第一个真正文学成就是在41岁时凭剧本《魔鬼的门徒》（The Devil’s Disciple）获得的。萧伯纳的父亲是个酒鬼，又患有不可矫正的斜视（那年头社会对斜眼可不善），他能求助的就只有一个人了——他的妈妈。母亲给他津贴和免费住房，直到他成为二十世纪的主要作家之一。他荣获诺贝尔文学奖，甚至还间接地得了个奥斯卡奖——影片《窈窕淑女》（My Fair Lady）是根据他写的舞台剧《卖花女》（Pygmalion）改编的。他一生不知疲倦地维护妇女权利，以此来报答母亲。幸运的是，母亲没有活着见到他不甚光彩的晚年，那时候他拥护斯大林。 【译注】萧伯纳（1856-1950），直译为乔治·伯纳德·萧，著名的爱尔兰剧作家（他出生时爱尔兰属于英国），1925年因作品具有理想主义和人道主义获诺贝尔文学奖。他去世14年后，根据他的剧本改编的电影《窈窕淑女》赢得八个奥斯卡小金人。 8. 奥利维亚·曼宁（Olivia Manning） 四分卫阿奇·曼宁（Archie Manning）迎娶“返乡女王”奥利维亚时只知道他找到了一生挚爱，但他完全没想到自己后来会有多幸运。奥利维亚除了为家乡新奥尔良做广泛的慈善工作，还培育了三个男孩：佩顿（Peyton，超级碗最有价值球员、四分卫）、伊莱（Eli，超级碗最有价值球员、四分卫二号），而长子库珀（Cooper）可能是她最大的成功，尽管他缺少硬件。库珀曾是一位呼声甚高的接球手，但有病的脊髓使他结束了体育生涯。他结了婚，有三个孩子，在一家能源投资公司工作而不是制作商业广告，这即刻让他成为最惹人喜爱的曼宁兄弟。嘿，要是奥利维亚收养杰里米·肖基（Jeremy Shockey）就更好了。 【译注】橄榄球爱好者一定会记得今年超级碗（Super Bowl 2012）决战最后一分钟，伊莱·曼宁神奇达阵，帮助纽约巨人队击败新英格兰爱国者队，也使他第二次荣膺超级碗最有价值球员（MVP）称号。伊莱是历史上第五位两次赢得MVP的选手。佩顿现加盟丹佛野马队。文中最后提到的杰里米·肖基是新奥尔良圣徒队的近边锋。 7. 母亲布朗（Mother Brown） 你认为你妈妈过得不容易？想象一下爱尔兰作家克里斯蒂·布朗（Christy Brown）的母亲吧。1932年，布朗夫人生下了儿子克里斯蒂，他有脑瘫，除了一只脚以外基本上全身都是瘫痪的。虽然医生和孩子的父亲都认为他迟钝而毫无希望，她还是教他读书写字。同时，她要照顾其他12个孩子——没错，正是“一打”，而且是在生活艰辛的都柏林，靠着丈夫当瓦工的微薄薪水。（她还有其他九个孩子死于分娩后不久，没办法，天主教徒嘛！）她的信念终于得到了证实，因为克里斯蒂过上了完整的生活，包括婚姻和自传《我的左脚》（My Left Foot）。这部自传启发了同名电影，并且使扮演他的影星丹尼尔·戴-刘易斯（Daniel Day-Lewis）获得了名副其实的奥斯卡奖。 【译注】克里斯蒂·布朗（1932-1981）克服了常人难以想象的残疾，成为爱尔兰作家、画家。1970年，他将自传扩展为一部小说，该书荣登国际畅销书榜首，其后又有几部作品问世。他40岁结婚，去世时49岁。根据他的自传改编的电影在1989年拿到两项奥斯卡奖。 有些人可能说她的做了脑白质切断术的女儿给她丢了分，但露丝还是养大了九个孩子，其中包括三名参议员：第一位当上了总统；第二位任司法部长，也是史上最受爱戴的总统候选人之一；第三位是，呃，泰迪（Teddy）。那是她个人的悲剧，也是国家的悲剧——两个儿子遇刺身亡，还有两个在二战期间死于坠机。她的婚姻十分不如意，丈夫曾通奸并走私酒类。然而露丝是永不停步的，她到了九十多岁还在从事慈善工作，在104岁时寿终正寝。她的地位只有作为总统夫人和总统母亲的芭芭拉·布什（Barbara Bush）可与之争锋了。 【译注】约翰·肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy，1917-1963），1960年当选为美国第35任总统，1963年11月22日被刺杀。罗伯特·肯尼迪（Robert F. Kennedy，1925-1968），在竞选总统的活动中被刺杀。爱德华·“泰迪”·肯尼迪（Edward “Teddy” Kennedy，1932-2009），死于脑癌。 5. 圣母玛丽亚（Virgin Mary） 她生下了耶稣。取决于你的信仰体系，耶稣被看作我们的上帝和救世主，或者至少是一个不寻常的良好先知。作为始胎无玷（Immaculate Conception）的结果，她是没有原罪污点而怀孕，以处女之身诞下耶稣，为拯救人类铺平了道路，也激发了巨蟒喜剧团的《布莱恩的一生》（Monty Python’s Life of Brian，又译《万世魔星》）。 【译注】“巨蟒”（Monty Python）是英国著名的喜剧团体，《布莱恩的一生》是其成员导演的一部荒诞不经的调侃宗教的电影，有许多啼笑皆非的故事，对虔诚的宗教人士是场挑战。 4. 萨拉·布什·林肯（Sarah Bush Lincoln） 亚伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln）的早年生活是不容易的。大家都知道，他出生在一间小木屋。在他只有九岁时，母亲就去世了。他成长过程中和父亲的关系很淡漠，后来也一直不亲密。幸运的是，继母萨拉·布什·约翰逊始终支持着他。她像对待亲生孩子一样抚养他长大，鼓励他爱学习的习惯。他们之间非常亲近，亚伯拉罕叫萨拉“妈妈”，成人后还一直坚持去探望她，直到入主白宫、内战开始使他不再有时间这样做。这证明，为人父母之道远比生出一个孩子重要得多。 【译注】林肯（1809-1865），美国第16任总统，任期1861-1865，在任期间击败了南北战争中的南方分离势力，废除了奴隶制度，维护了国家统一。1865年4月15日遇刺身亡。 3. 玛丽·托马斯（Mary Thomas） 诚然，玛丽·托马斯的儿子伊塞亚（Isiah）最近不大走运（要说呢，在同一个赛季里输掉了一场性骚扰诉讼，丢掉了两个职称，还输掉了执教球队72%的比赛，这也得有点才能才做得到吧）。但是，伊塞亚是美国篮球协会名人堂（NBA Hall of Fame）的成员，所以才有玷污他职业生涯之说，这事实本身就纯粹是玛丽顽强意志的明证。她14岁那年，孤身一人乘坐长途汽车，从密西西比河来到芝加哥西城，在那里塑造出一个全新的生活。（这个改变后来被阿尔法·沃德（Alfre Woodard）描述在一部电视影片里：《母亲的勇气：玛丽·托马斯的故事》（A Mother's Courage: The Mary Thomas Story）。）几年后的一个晚上，“邪恶之王”（Vice Lord）帮派的多名成员带着武器来到他家，逼着她的七个儿子加入他们的街头黑帮。这位单身母亲悄悄离席，从卧室拿出一支自制霰弹猎枪，指着叫他们走开。虽然玛丽有三个儿子最终因犯罪被捕，她的其他四个男孩和两个女儿都成长为好人了。尤其是她最小的孩子，天才的控球后卫伊塞亚，他在印第安纳大学队赢得了美国大学联赛冠军，并作为职业球员在底特律活塞队（Detroit Pistons）两次夺冠。虽然伊塞亚在球场外的职业生涯一直不怎么辉煌（他摧毁了大陆篮球协会和尼克斯球迷的所有梦想），但是据估计尼克斯还欠着他至少1800万美元，因此，玛丽将能够买得起大量的弹药。 【译注】伊塞亚·托马斯1961年出生，人称“娃娃脸刺客”（Baby-Faced Assassin），业绩辉煌。1994年因伤病从职业篮球退役，1996年入选NBA历史50大球星，2000年入住名人堂。文中所述关于性骚扰诉讼等事件是2010年的情况，最新消息是他在上个月（2012年4月）被佛罗里达国际大学解雇了教练职位。 2. 特蕾莎修女（Mother Teresa） 虽然特蕾莎修女（英文称“特蕾莎母亲”）不是生物学意义上的妈妈，我们在此将这位1979年诺贝尔和平奖得主作为一个例外。她12岁接受上帝的召唤，18岁加入罗雷托修女会，1931年开始到印度服务。她之后的66年生命一直是在那里度过的。虽然她无可争议地被描述为“地球上的圣人”，她去世后公布的一些信件却揭示了一个在信仰中挣扎的女人复杂的内心——“我这样说，就好像我的心在与上帝恋爱，那是温柔的、个人的爱恋。如果你在场，你一定会说：‘多么虚伪啊。’”然而，特蕾莎修女从来没有让困惑阻止她照顾贫穷困苦的人。在她的葬礼上，印度总理古杰拉尔（Inder Kumar Gujra）宣称：“数以百万计的人们感到自己成了孤儿。我就是这样的孤儿之一。” 【译注】特蕾莎修女（1910-1997）是出生在马其顿的阿尔巴尼亚人，著名的天主教慈善工作者，一生致力于为印度（主要在加尔各答地区）的穷人和病人服务，生前身后享誉全球。 1. 安吉拉·卡瓦罗（Angela Cavallo） 一位母亲拥有的是爱心、忠诚，还有不可思议的蛮劲儿。至少，安吉拉的情况就是这样。那天在车道上，儿子托尼钻到车下修理一辆1964年的雪佛兰黑斑羚，忽然间千斤顶塌了下来！你猜猜一个年近60的老太太能怎么做？她把车子抬起了几英寸，足足坚持了五分钟，直到邻居们把她儿子安全地拖出来。因此，你若不幸被重型机械困住时，记住：只要妈妈能听到你喊叫，你就会没事的。 【译注】此事发生在1982年美国乔治亚州，后来在医学上被看作巨大刺激使肾上腺素猛增，产生超强力量的例子。 本文由由译言网meihelen提供
http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/57835/ Volume 24 | Issue 12 | Page 47 Date: 2010-12-01 Reprints | Issue Contents var addthis_config = { services_exclude: 'print,printfriendly', services_custom: { name: "Print", url: "http://www.the-scientist.com/article/print/57835", icon: "http://images.the-scientist.com/graphics/interface/print.gif"} }; Comment on this article By The Scientist Staff Top Ten Innovations 2010 Innovative products that have the life science community buzzing. As the global economy continues to pull out of its recent precipitous nosedive, one mantra rings true from Beijing to Bostoninnovation can save us. If developing interesting new technologies and products really is the lifeblood of economic health, then the life sciences industry is innovations beating heart. The Scientist received more than 60 entries to our third annual Top 10 Innovations competition, presenting our judgesNorthwestern University molecular chemist Neil Kelleher, sequencing pioneer Jonathan Rothberg, Princeton University genomicist Amy Caudy, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory biologist H. Steven Wileywith the very challenging task of winnowing these products down to the 10 best. This years winners include essential tools, such as sequencers, imagers, and cell counters, that have the potential to simplify and streamline work in biology labs; and cutting-edge advances, from tailor-made disease-model cell lines to heart cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Take a look at 2010s Top 10 Innovations. Their clever designs speak volumes about the bright future of scientific experimentation. THE JUDGES JONATHAN ROTHBERG is best known for pioneering high-speed, massively parallel DNA sequencing, an idea that came to him after his infant son was rushed to intensive care and he realized how critical individual genome sequencing is to human health. He founded 454 Life Sciences, bringing to market the first new method for sequencing genomes since Sanger and Gilbert won the Nobel Prize in 1980. Rothbergs invention ushered in the era of personal genomes with the first streamlined sequencing of an individual genomethat of James Watson, codiscoverer of DNAs molecular structure. AMY A. CAUDY is a Lewis-Sigler Fellow at Princeton Universitys Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics. Prior to her appointment at Princeton, she coauthored the textbook R ecombinant DNA: Genes and Genomes , and, as a graduate student in the Watson School of Biological Sciences at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, cloned several components of RNAi complexes. Her lab combines genomic and metabolomic methods to discover the biological roles of uncharacterized enzymes, with the goal of identifying key drivers of cancer growth. NEIL L. KELLEHER is a researcher at Northwestern University where his group is recognized as a significant force in top-down proteomics, natural-products biosynthesis/discovery, and chromatin biology. Kelleher has been successful in driving both technology development and applications for high-performance mass spectrometry at the interface of chemistry and biology. He is especially interested in the biosynthesis and discovery of polyketides and nonribosomally produced peptides. H. STEVEN WILEY is the lead biologist at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, where he utilizes cell imaging, computational biology, and high-throughput proteomics to study cell communication. His work combines the techniques of molecular and cellular biology with both biochemical and optical assays, and uses the results to construct computer models of cellular processes. He sits on the editorial board of The Scientist , and is a frequent contributor to the magazine. Third-Gen Sequencing Courtesy of Pacific Biosciences The long awaited third-generation sequencer from Pacific Biosciences takes first place in this years Top 10 Innovations contest. The technology qualifies as belonging to a new era because its the first single-molecule real-time sequencer, says Stephen Turner, the machines coinventor and the companys chief technology officer, speaking to a packed auditorium at this years American Society of Human Genetics meeting. Related Articles Top Ten Innovations of 2009 Top Ten Innovations of 2008 Heres To Intelligent Innovating Like other single-molecule sequencing machines, the PacBio RS reads a burst of fluorescent color as a tagged nucleotide is incorporated into a single molecule of DNA. However, what differentiates this technology from others is that the anchored DNA polymerase processes nucleotide binding in real time. Most second-generation technologies wash each type of nucleotide over the polymerase one at a time, simplifying detection, but slowing the process. The PacBio RS eliminates the need for multiple washings by anchoring a single DNA polymerase at the bottom of a chamber. The labeled nucleotides diffuse freely into the well, where they are excited by a laser and their fluorescence is detected by optics on the transparent underside of the chamber. Because the laser light emits a wavelength of about 600nm, it cant penetrate farther than the bottom part of the 70-nm-wide well, keeping labeled nucleotides outside of the well in the dark, and thus greatly reducing background signal. The surprising advantage of real-time sequencing is that the machine can detect a natural stalling when, for example, the DNA polymerase encounters a methylated or otherwise modified base. The amount of time the polymerase stalls can be used to calculate different epigenetic modifications, adding a new layer of information to the sequencing data. The instrument costs $695,000; consumables and sequencing kits are sold separately. Rothberg: PacBio RS is a true technical tour de force. Nothing but awe comes with the observations of single molecules of DNA read out to thousands of basestruly a seductive technology. Caudy: Ultrafast sample analysis and long read lengths make this an exciting new entrant to the DNA sequencing field. My early-adopting pals suggest there are some initial hiccupshope they can deliver on the promises. Another knockout performance Courtesy of Sigma-Aldrich Sigma-Aldrich cracked the upper reaches of our inaugural Top 10 Innovations list in 2008, snagging third place with its CompoZr custom zinc-finger nuclease service. Ever since then, the platform has borne serious fruit. Last year, Sigma-Aldrichs knockout rat, made using CompoZr, took fifth place. This year, the company scores silver with the next step in realizing the potential of zinc-finger technology: custom-made cell lines. This year its all about cells and cell biology, says Dave Smoller, president of Sigmas research biotech business unit. Sigma first offered the design-your-own-cell-line service to biopharmaceutical companies in February, according to Supriya Shivakumar, the companys global commercial marketing manager. Its very interesting what customers are bringing to us and having us make for them, because its beyond even what we had thought of, Shivakumar says, adding that companies have requested more-efficient engineered cells capable of pumping out specific therapeutic proteins and custom cells that mimic a particular human disease. Weve made everything from simple to large deletions; weve inserted big chunks of fluorescent protein genes, and even made single-nucleotide changes. Though Smoller wont say how many custom orders have been filled, he notes that the price varies from north of $40,000 to $50,000 all the way up to $100,000 for a custom-made cell line, depending on the genetic manipulations requested. In November, Sigma began shipping off-the-shelf cell linesstarting with human osteosarcoma cells containing fluorescently-tagged organelle marker proteinscreated using CompoZr, and selling for approximately $6,000 a pop, according to Smoller. Sigma is betting that the ease, convenience, and precision of their service will attract more business as it expands. Theres a lot of demand for having something thats guaranteed, everything is done for you, and everything you wanted is delivered to your door, Shivakumar says. Caudy: Designer cell lines without the work of mouse engineering are an exciting development that brings the power of zinc finger technology to the masses. Kelleher: Making precise molecular surgery in mammalian systems is hard and tedious work. Many such systems have endogenous backgrounds that make teasing out of the mechanisms and effects of pharmacophores in cell biology difficult. Be Gone, Tedium Courtesy of EMD Millipore Forget the days of squinting at slides with a clicker in hand, or operating bulky benchtop machines to determine the number of cells in your sample. Cell counting is now portable, using the new Scepter Handheld Automated Cell Counter from EMD Millipore. It takes the tedium away, says Grace Johnston, product manager for Scepter. Introduced in March 2010, the EMD Millipore Sceptercurrently the only handheld automated cell counter availablesold over 1,000 units in its first six months on the market. The Scepter handles like a pipette and is equipped with a screen that displays instructions to guide the user through the process. A lot of scientists get nervous about adapting to an automated instrument, but its really straightforward and easy to use, says Johnston. Instead of relying on object recognition software like some automated benchtop counters, the Scepter draws samples into a disposable sensor where they pass through an opening charged with a current. As cells disrupt the current, the Scepter records each change in voltage. Within seconds14, on averagethe screen displays cell concentration, average cell diameter, and average cell volume, as well as histograms of each distribution. You can have accurate and reliable cell counts from one sample to the next, and all of that can be done right at the culture hood within 30 seconds, says Johnston. At a list price of $2,995, its also the most inexpensive automated cell counter on the market, she adds. Wiley: Cell counting is normally a very tedious process and usually only provides minimal information on the cell population. This instrument, which is only slightly larger than an automatic pipette, allows you to count cells in your tissue-culture hood, simplifies the procedure, and provides much useful data, such as the fraction of intact cells. Caudy: At last, an alternative to lining up for the Coulter counter, and far easier than sweating over fragile hemocytometers. Pure and Simple Courtesy of Diffinity The Diffinity RapidTip is a one-step pipette tip for use in DNA purification. Following a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), samples contain more than just the DNA of interest. They also contain nucleotides, primers, and other impurities that must be removed. Traditional techniques for purifying the DNA involve several steps of washing, buffering, and rinsing that can take up to 30 minutes or longer. With the Diffinity RapidTip, all those steps are combined into a single, normal-looking pipette tip. The product is extremely easy to use, says the companys CEO and president Jeff Helfer. Put on the pipettor, aspirate, and dispense. Its that simple. The process requires 1012 repetitions of pulling up and releasing the solution, and takes about one minute, making it about 50 times faster than traditional post-PCR purification techniques, Helfer says. The company plans to release a newer version of the RapidTip in January, one that would require only two or three repetition cycles, making it even more efficient. You start and end the process with the very same disposable pipette tip, Helfer says. Its green, much less expensive, and at the end of the day, we improve lab work flow and productivity. The tips contain a proprietary substance that removes the impurities from a PCR reaction while simultaneously repelling the amplified double-stranded DNA of interest. Using similar differential-affinity technology, Diffinity is developing several other tips for use in a variety of applications, including automated applications, restriction-digest experiments, DNA extraction from electrophoresis gels, and next-generation sequencing library preparation. The list price is $1.50/tip, available in boxes of 48 or 96. Discounts and free samples are available. Wiley: A great technology that saves time and effort in the lab while improving sample handling and experimental reproducibility. This would be great when using robotics. Caudy: Finally, the convenience Ive enjoyed for years in peptide sample cleanup, applied to DNA. Heart Cells on Demand Courtesy of Cellular Dynamics International iCell Cardiomyocytes are essentially human heart cells in a test tube. Researchers at Cellular Dynamics International (CDI) induce human fibroblasts to become pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The iPSCs are then reprogrammed to become a mixture of cells that are representative of the human heart and exhibit the typical electrophysiological characteristics of a living heart. The main purpose of iCell Cardiomyocytes product is for drug discovery, says Joleen Rau, senior director of marketing and communications at CDI. Cardiotoxicity is a serious problem in drug development and is the second biggest reason for drug withdrawal from the market. We saw a market need based on a serious human health issue and realized there was an opportunity to save pharma money, make drug development safer, and perhaps save lives. The cardiomyocytes express monomeric red fluorescent protein, which allows for their easy identification under appropriate conditions, and a blasticidin-resistance gene, which allows CDI to achieve cardiomyocyte cultures that are at least 95 percent pure. CDI can also create iCell Cardiomyocytes from peripheral blood samples, meaning that doctors and researchers can send in blood drawn from any human donor and have CDI generate the iPSCs needed to make personalized cardiomyocyte cultures. This capability to generate cells from diverse groups will help our customers to better understand how drug effects vary across different populations, Rau says, as well as to generate cardiomyocytes from patients afflicted with diseases such as hypertrophy and long QT syndrome (a potentially fatal condition), which will also aid in drug discovery. A vial that contains a minimum of 1.5 million plateable cells lists for $1,500, and is guaranteed to cover a single 96-well plate. Kelleher: A symbol of just how fast a basic-science breakthrough can lead to new products. Wiley: This is the first of what we expect to be many commercially available cell lines from differentiated human stem cells. This will start to move experimental biology from using the most convenient types of cell to those most relevant to a particular study. Fluorescence movies in focus Cytometry A. 2006 Aug 1;69(8):748-58. Multispectral imaging in biology and medicine: slices of life. Levenson RM, Mansfield JR. This material is reproduced with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc., Watching drugs or biologics pulse through a patient in real time usually takes expensive equipment such as a PET and/or CT scanner. For in vivo mouse studies on tight budgets researchers commonly bind a fluorescent marker to the compound of interest, and take a fluorescence snapshot. The natural background fluorescence of the entire mousewhich makes it hard to distinguish the target from normal tissueis then subtracted away to sharpen the image. But subtracting background fluorescence in a live movie proved challenging. So the scientists and engineers at Cambridge Research Instrumentation Inc. (CRI) took a page from PET scan technology: using the compounds pharmacokineticsthe rate at which the drug is absorbed, circulated, and excretedthey improved the resolution by compensating for the background at every time point. The kinetic imaging movie is of a bolus of indocyanine green travelling through the vasculature of a mouse over about 2 minutes following a tail vein injection. The dye mixes into the general blood pool, then accumulates in the liver. The technology, called the Maestro Dynamic, could be especially useful for tracking how long cancer drugs remain at their target before being metabolized and/or excreted. Normally, to obtain data about drug accumulation in organs or tumors, one would sacrifice a cohort of mice every hour or two over the course of a day. By continually collecting data in real time, says James Mansfield, director of the companys multispectral imaging systems, the number of mice needed could be reduced from around 100200 to about 10. Fluorescent labels can only yield information to a depth of a few centimeters, which just about covers the depth of the average mouse from all sides. For use in humans, however, CRI researchers have designed a mount for their fluorescence-detection camera that you can swing over top of a surgical suite, says Mansfield, giving doctors the ability to image the surface of the organs theyre working on in real time, to check, for example, that theyve removed all of a tumor. The list price in the United States is $230,000. Wiley: A kinetic in vivo imaging system that generates time-based kinetic images of fluorescent reagents and labeled antibodies. The kinetic data is used to greatly enhance the information that can be extracted from in vivo imaging, thus extending the usability of this technology to a far greater number of applications. Caudy: The Maestro Dynamic takes whole-animal imaging from static to dynamic, operating over a range well into the tissue-permeating near-infrared spectrum. Culturing Cells in 3-D Courtesy of Reinnervate Limited Most three-dimensional cell-culturing technology is not what it should be, says Ashley Cooper, CEO of Reinnervate Limited. Many nanoscale scaffolds currently on the market are so large that cells grown in the material dont even touch. You get cells growing in two dimensions in a three-dimensional architecture, he says. This year, after eight years of development, Reinnervate introduces Alvetex, a thin, highly porous and uniform scaffold for 3-D cell culturing that better mimics the growth and formation of tissues in the body. Were defining once and for all what is proper three-dimensional cell culture, says Cooper. The inert, stable polystyrene scaffold is made of the same material as most of the clear plastic multiwell dishes used by cell biologists today. It was a conscious design feature, says Cooper, geared for easy assimilation of the new technology into the lab. The scaffold comes precut into thin 200 discs, and the material can hold an average of 20 cell layers per disk. This allows every cell to be within easy reach of nutrients and airnever more than 100 from the edge, the same as the average distance between cells in the body and blood vessels. This is absolutely important for an avascular in vitro cell-culture system, says Cooper. The scaffold requires no additional lab equipment and is compatible with a broad range of lab techniques, including immunofluorescence microscopy, he says. Alvetex debuted at the Cell-Based Assays conference in London at the end of November, and is currently available in a 12-well plate format that costs $109. Additional formats, including 24-, 48- and 96-well plates and various well inserts, will become available over the next 12 months. Wiley: This should enable the routine and reproducible creation of 3-D cell cultures in the laboratory. Extends the concept of 3-D culture beyond simple, reconstituted extracellular matrices to complex extracellular structures. Kelleher: Another example of innovation to move us closer to better models for mimicking in vivo behavior of cells with the control of in vitro conditions. Centering cells with sound Courtesy of Applied Biosystems Invented by Applied Biosystems in California, the Attune Acoustic Focusing Cytometer is the first instrument that uses ultrasound waves to position cells flowing through a cytometer into a single line before they reach a laser-based detection device. The focusing technology allows for better efficiency without sacrificing resolution and sensitivity when quantifying and/or observing cells in real time. The sample rates are greater than 10 times faster than traditional cytometers, says Mike Olszowy, head of flow cytometry at Life Technologies, Applied Biosystems mother company. Prior to the advent of the Attune cytometer, researchers controlling the sample stream had to choose between speed of sampling and resolution quality. Now, with the help of sound waves that line up cells in the center of the sample stream, researchers can maximize speed and resolution simultaneously and adjust the flow to perform cell-by-cell analyses at the detection point. The new machine can thus allow researchers to more efficiently identify cell surface proteins expressed by cells (immunophenotyping), detect rare cell populations, quantify DNA binding to cell surfaces, or simply count cells. Currently selling for around $100,000, the device was put on the market in June 2010, and Applied Biosystems has sold more than 25 of the benchtop counters worldwide. Wiley: Designed to use sound waves to precisely control the movement of cells and increase instrument simplicity, sensitivity and throughput. Looks like it will be particularly useful for analyzing dilute cell samples. The simplicity and relatively low cost of the instrument should also increase the number of scientists who use flow cytometry. Caudy: With a footprint small enough to fit in a laminar-flow hood and a completely new approach to fluidics, the Attune cytometer promises less clogging than other flow cytometers, even while speeding through huge populations of cells. Picture-Perfect Gels Courtesy of Bio-Rad Laboratories Gel electrophoresis and blotting techniques are by far the most commonly employed methods for the identification and quantification of specific DNA, RNA, and proteins in a sample. But very often, capturing quality images of the separated bands and readying them for publication using photo-editing software can be laborious and time-consuming. With Gel Doc EZ, the newest gel imaging system from Bio-Rad Laboratories, researchers can load a gel and get print-quality images of up to 1200 dpi in seconds with just a single push of a button, says Ryan Short, marketing manager for Bio-Rad imaging. The most user-friendly and versatile of the gel documentation systems on the market, according to Short, the Gel Doc EZ system offers four specialized gel trays for the imaging of fluorescent, colorimetric, and SYBR Green stains, as well as a novel stain-free option for imaging protein gels that circumvents the multiple washing and staining steps required. The stain-free application can save scientists hours, if theyre doing traditional protein staining, Short says. With a high-quality camera and lens packed into a housing thats just 44 x 26 x 38 cm, the system is also markedly compact and can easily fit on a benchtop with room to spare. The Gel Doc EZ costs $8,350 and includes software for image acquisition and analysis. Trays are sold separately and are priced at $1,150 each, with the exception of the stain-free tray, which costs $3,350. Stain-free precast gels are sold for $15 and $16. Rothberg: Sometimes the best innovations are products that make the things you do simpler, faster, and cheaper. The Gel Doc EZ imager is one of those products. Wiley: Combines a number of innovations to make a tedious lab chore easy. This is clearly a case where the whole is much greater than the sum of its parts. A handy little squirt Courtesy of Redd Whyte Redd Whyte, a small UK-based life-science company, breaks into the top 10 this year thanks to the versatility of their new microplate dispenserthe Preddator. This bench top robot addresses the vexing limitations of existing fluid dispensers, which typically cant handle cell-containing sample volumes smaller than 3 microliters. According to Redd Whytes managing director, Roger Poole, the Preddator can dispense as little as 20 nanoliters of a variety of solutions, including normal aqueous solutions, cell-containing solutions, saline solutions, beads, mineral oils, and surfactants. This product gives the platform to try things that they never would have dreamed that they could have done, Poole says. The Preddator, which has a price tag of about 26,000, was adapted from a robotic instrument that came to Redd Whyte from the glue industry, where precision spots of adhesive are applied to manufacture an army of plastic goods. A suite of enhancements later, the microplate dispenser can drop virtually any fluid volume into 96-well to 3456-well plates in a variety of patterns that the user can program. Poole says that the Preddator, which was officially released in October, was developed with Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis, which fully endorses the product and uses the instrument to test targets and drugs in primary and secondary screenings. This helps them significantly speed up the process and takes out a lot of the guesswork, he says. But high-throughput screening for drug discovery is only one of the applications to which the Preddator is suited. Poole adds that PCR work and protein crystallography could also benefit from the robots ability to handle exceedingly small quantities of a variety of sample types. Wiley: Accurately dispensing beads and cells into high-density microtiter plates has been very challenging. This remarkably flexible and high-speed dispensing system appears to solve the problem, opening up new applications for high-throughput robotics. Kelleher: The efficiency of high-throughput assays relies on flexible, low-volume liquid handling. Working with high precision at low volumes is often limited by reagent delivery. The Preddator system works right in a critical volume regime where pilot assays need to deliver smaller volumes to go big in terms of success. Read more: Top Ten Innovations 2010 - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/57835/#ixzz16uNmVpKx
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