据 PHYS.ORG 网站 2012 年 12 月 10 日 报道 , 美国 加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校 ( University of California - San Diego )的生物学家已经利用基因工程使藻类产生一种复杂而昂贵的用于治疗癌症的药物获得成功。他们的研究结果就在近期发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》( Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences )的网站上。这项研究打开了大量制造这些蛋白质和其他 “ 设计 ” 的蛋白质,降低生产成本之门,与现在可用哺乳动物细胞生产相比较具有很大优势。加州大学圣地亚哥分校生物学教授 Stephen Mayfield, 也是圣地亚哥藻类生物技术研究中心主任认为,因为可以采用海藻来制备相同的药物 , 因此有机会可以使药物的价格急剧下降。他们的方法甚至可能被用来制造其他任何系统无法产生的新奇复杂的设计药物,以全新的方法可以用来治疗癌症或其他人类疾病。更多信息请浏览: http://www.pnas.org/ Journal reference: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Provided by University of California - San Diego http://phys.org/news/2012-12-algae-complex-anti-cancer-drug.html#nwlt
基因在海藻与动物间水平转移 Ancient gene transfer from algae to animals:Mechanisms and evolutionary significance http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/83/abstract
王 应 宽 2010-02-27 Beijing , China 第一篇被 SCI 收录的合作署名文章发表 2009 年在明尼苏达大学做访问学者期间,参与了合作导师 Roger Ruan 领导团队的科研工作。其间,有幸与团队里的博士后 Wang Liang ( 汪靓 ) 等合作署名发表论文一篇( Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp . in Different Wastewaters from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant , http://www.springerlink.com/content/b46086hr6261610x/ ) 。文章内容是海藻生物油制取项目中关于在城市污水处理厂用不同成分污水养殖绿藻的研究成果。论文发表在 Springer 旗下期刊 Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (应用生物化学与生物技术),属于化学和材料科学类期刊,系 SCI 收录源刊,目前影响因子 1.643 。虽然影响因子不高,但文章的价值和影响较大,主要源于该研究系目前世界关注的热点,老板在此领域又处于国际领先地位,而且研究成果的应用前景广阔。海藻被认为是新一代生物质能源新的希望,对优质藻种,其含油量高,生长繁殖速度快,可以在污水中养殖,不与粮争地,不与人争粮,而且其通过藻类的养殖可以有效去除污水中的氮磷等富营养物,既能生产能源,又具有环保生态效益,因而具有良好的前景。 说来惭愧,此文乃有本人署名的第一篇 SCI 收录文章。个人水平低、不长进,从事编辑出版工作为人作嫁是一方面,但主要还是因为学科门类和研究方向不同的缘故。本人从事的专业为农业机械化(本科和硕士研究生专业)和编辑出版学(博士研究生专业)。前者属于农业工程学科领域,该领域的研究成果一般难以发表在 SCI 收录的期刊, SCI 收录农业工程学科领域的期刊也比较少。农业工程学科领域被 SCI 收录的论文大多是借了与其他学科交叉的势。很多该领域的成果大都发表在被工程索引( Engineering Index, Ei Compendex )收录的期刊。本人此前发表的农业工程方面的文章多被 EI 收录。后来转了向,投入较多精力从事编辑出版、开放存取、网络学术传播等方面的研究,发表论文数十篇,但属于人文社科领域,与 SCI 相去更远了。当然,也因为发表的这些文章大都是中文的,如果将来在国外期刊发些这方面的英文文章,也可能被 SSCI 收录(《社会科学引文索引》( Social Science Citation Index ,简称 SSCI ),也算与 SCI 的亲戚攀上点关系了! 论文第一作者靓妹系出名门,在国内时就读于同济大学和上海交通大学,赴美留学在明尼苏达大学获得博士学位,然后从事博士后研究。她天资聪颖,勤学不辍,发表了不少高水平论文。最近得知她又去亚利桑那州立大学的一个非常有名的 Algae实验室 Laboratory for Algae Research and Biotechnology ( http://larb.asu.edu/ ) 高就了。靓妹的爱国心令人感动,一心想着在美国多方学习提高,待学成后回国效力。她说:美国虽好,但还是时常想家,相信游子总有回到母亲怀抱的一天的。衷心希望国内各方为海外游子回国创业营造良好环境,以不辜负他们的赤子爱国心!在明尼苏达大学访学期间,在我的怂恿下,靓妹也在科学网开了博客( http://www.sciencenet.cn/u/eversci/ )。欢迎大家关注和支持! 论文中文摘要如下。论文的英文全文 PDF 附后,欢迎感兴趣的同行斧正。 城市污水处理厂不同成分废水中绿藻培养 汪 靓1,民 敏1,李叶丛1,陈 灵1,陈以峰1,刘玉环1,王应宽1,阮榕生*1,2 1 Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN55108, USA 2南昌大学生物质转化教育部工程研究中心,生命科学与食品工程学院,南昌 330047 收稿日期 : 2009-08-21 接受日期: 2009-11-09 在线发表日期: 2009-11-24 摘 要: 该研究旨在评价绿藻在当地城市污水处理厂工艺流程中 4 个不同位置取样的污水中的生长状况,以及绿藻的生长对污水中氮、磷、化学需氧量 COD 和金属离子的去除效果。 4 种废水样品为:初级沉淀前的废水 #1 ,初级沉淀后的废水 #2 ,活性污泥槽中的废水 #3 ,污泥离心渗滤液 #4 (污泥离心渗滤后产生的废水)。在 4 种废水 #1 、 #2 、 #3 、 #4 中,绿藻在指数阶段的平均生长速率分别为 0.412, 0.429, 0.343, 和 0.948day1 。绿藻对废水 #1 、 #2 、 #4 中铵态氮( NH4N )的去除率分别为 82.4%, 74.7%, 和 78.3% 。废水 #3 中的硝态氮去除较明显,对无机氮主要形态的 NO3N 的去除率达 62.5%, 是养藻所产生的 NO2N 的 6.3 倍。绿藻对废水 #1 、 #2 、 #4 中磷的去除率分别为 83.2%, 90.6%, 和 85.6% ,对 COD 的去除率分别为 50.9%, 56.5%, 和 83.0% 。而 #3 废水中磷的去除率仅为 4.7% , COD 的含量在绿藻生长后反而略有上升,可能是因为绿藻中小的有机分子光合作用产生排泄物所致。试验显示,离心渗滤液中的金属离子,特别是 Al, Ca, Fe, Mg 和 Mn 在绿藻养殖后被有效的去除了。研究结果表明,在营养富集的离心渗滤液中养殖海藻,为城市污水处理厂利用海藻养殖工艺循环利用渗滤液去除废水中的营养成分提供了新的途径,达到环保去污和生产有价值的生物燃油原料的双重目的。 关键词 :城市污水,离心渗滤液,海藻,营养物去除,金属,绿藻 Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp. in Different Wastewaters from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant LiangWang 1 , MinMin 1 , YecongLi 1 , PaulChen 1 , YifengChen 1 , YuhuanLiu 1 , YingkuanWang 1 and RogerRuan 1, 2 1 Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN55108, USA 2 Nanchang University, Nanchang, China Received: 21August2009 Accepted: 9November2009 Published online: 24November2009 Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of green algae Chlorella sp. on wastewaters sampled from four different points of the treatment process flow of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) and how well the algal growth removed nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and metal ions from the wastewaters. The four wastewaters were wastewater before primary settling (#1 wastewater), wastewater after primary settling (#2 wastewater), wastewater after activated sludge tank (#3 wastewater), and centrate (#4 wastewater), which is the wastewater generated in sludge centrifuge. The average specific growth rates in the exponential period were 0.412, 0.429, 0.343, and 0.948day1 for wastewaters #1, #2, #3, and #4, respectively. The removal rates of NH4N were 82.4%, 74.7%, and 78.3% for wastewaters #1, #2, and #4, respectively. For #3 wastewater, 62.5% of NO3N, the major inorganic nitrogen form, was removed with 6.3-fold of NO2N generated. From wastewaters #1, #2, and #4, 83.2%, 90.6%, and 85.6% phosphorus and 50.9%, 56.5%, and 83.0% COD were removed, respectively. Only 4.7% was removed in #3 wastewater and the COD in #3 wastewater increased slightly after algal growth, probably due to the excretion of small photosynthetic organic molecules by algae. Metal ions, especially Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn in centrate, were found to be removed very efficiently. The results of this study suggest that growing algae in nutrient-rich centrate offers a new option of applying algal process in MWTP to manage the nutrient load for the aeration tank to which the centrate is returned, serving the dual roles of nutrient reduction and valuable biofuel feedstock production. Keywords :Municipal wastewater,Centrate,Algae,Nutrients removal,Metal,Chlorella 附注: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 期刊简介 Part A: Enzyme Engineering and Biotechnology Editor-in-Chief: Ashok Mulchandani ISSN: 0273-2289 (print version) ISSN: 1559-0291 (electronic version) Journal no. 12010 Humana Press 期刊 Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 出版社 Humana Press Inc. ISSN 0273-2289 (Print) 1599-0291 (Online) DOI 10.1007/s12010-009-8866-7 学科分类 化学和材料科学 SpringerLink Date 2009 年 11 月 24 日 This journal is devoted to publishing the highest quality innovative papers in the fields of biochemistry and biotechnology. The typical focus of the journal is to report applications of novel scientific and technological breakthroughs, as well as technological subjects that are still in the proof-of-concept stage. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology provides a forum for case studies and practical concepts of biotechnology, utilization, including controls, statistical data analysis, problem descriptions unique to a particular application, and bioprocess economic analyses. The journal publishes reviews deemed of interest to readers, as well as book reviews, meeting and symposia notices, and news items relating to biotechnology in both the industrial and academic communities. In addition, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology often publishes lists of patents and publications of special interest to readers. Related subjects Biochemistry Biophysics - Biotechnology Impact Factor: 1.643 * Journal Citation Reports, Thomson Reuters Abstracted/Indexed in: abstracted_indexed Abstracts in Anthropology, Academic OneFile, AGRICOLA, ASFA, Biochemistry and Biophysics Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Biotechnology Citation Index, CAB Abstracts, CAB International, CEABA-VtB, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), ChemWeb, Compendex, CSA/Proquest, Current Abstracts, Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS), Current Contents/ Agriculture, Biology Environmental Sciences, Current Contents/Life Sciences, DECHEMA, Elsevier Biobase, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Gale, GeoRef, Global Health, Google Scholar, Health Reference Center Academic, IBIDS, INIS Atomindex, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, OCLC, PubMed/Medline, Reaction Citation Index, Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch), SCOPUS, Summon by Serial Solutions, TOC Premier 原文 Full-text PDF Cultivation of Green Algae Chlorella sp. in Differ
王 应 宽 2010-02-06 Beijing, China 博主按:本人2009年5-12月在美国明尼苏达大学访学期间,有幸参与了合作导师阮榕生教授主持的关于海藻生物质能方面的研究课题。此文根据试验研究结果写成,发表在EI核心收录源刊《农业工程学报》。因为本人是第二作者,为公平公正,在评审过程中隐去全部作者,实行盲审。在通过评审后又几经修改终于发表。海藻生物质能是美国乃至世界新能源领域的研究热点,阮教授在海藻生物油研究方面进行了大量探索,主持多个关于海藻方面的课题,累计项目经费超过500万美元,整体研究水平处于国际领先地位,曾被《纽约时报》等多家媒体采访报道。希望此文的内容能为国内做海藻生物质能研究的同行提供些有益的参考。 微波裂解海藻快速制取生物燃油的试验 万益琴 1,2 ,王应宽 2,3 ,林向阳 2,4 ,刘玉环 1,2 ,陈 灵 2 ,李叶丛 2 ,阮榕生 1,2※ ( 1 .南昌大学生物质转化教育部工程研究中心,生命科学与食品工程学院,南昌 330047 ; 2 . Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA ; 3 .农业部规划设计研究院,北京 100125 ; 4 .福州大学生物科学与工程学院,福州 350108 ) 摘 要:为了探索低成本的海藻生物油快速制取工艺技术,研究组已成功开发出一套海藻的选育、培养、收获、干制技术。利用自行优选、培养、收获并干制的海藻粉,基于课题组在生物质的微波裂解技术已取得的突破,采用自行研制的玉米秸秆微波裂解的相关设备,对微波裂解海藻制取生物燃油的技术进行试验研究,获得大量在自然条件下可分层的海藻生物油。采用气相色谱 - 质谱( GC-MS )分析了所得到的生物油产品中两相油组分,得到了生物油产品中的物质组成及其相对含量,可为海藻生物油的精制及其副产品的开发利用提供了参考。研究表明,微波裂解海藻是一种低成本、快速、高效制取海藻生物燃油的方法,为海藻生物油的规模化生产提供参考。 关键词:海藻,微波,裂解,生物燃油,生物柴油,生物质能 doi : 10.3969/j.issn.1002 - 6819.2010.01.052 中图分类号: TP751.1 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1002 - 6819(2010) - 01 - 0295 - 06 万益琴,王应宽,林向阳,等 . 微波裂解海藻快速制取生物燃油的试验 . 农业工程学报, 2010 , 26(1) : 295 - 300. Wan Yiqin, Wang Yingkuan, Lin Xiangyang , et al . Experimental investigation on microwave assisted pyrolysis of algae for rapid bio-oil production . Transactions of the CSAE, 2010, 26(1) : 295 - 300. (in Chinese with English abstract) Experimental investigation on microwave assisted pyrolysis of algae for rapid bio-oil production Wan Yiqin 1,2 , Wang Yingkuan 2,3 , Lin Xiangyang 2,4 , Liu Yuhuan 1,2 , Paul Chen 2 , Li Yecong 2 , Roger Ruan 1,2 ※ (1. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion , Ministry of Education , Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China ; 2. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering , University of Minnesota , St. Paul , MN 55108, USA ; 3. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineerin g, Beijing 100125, China ; 4. College of Biological Science and Technology , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108, China ) Abstract: In order to explore technologies for rapid and cost-efficient bio-oil production from algae, the authors research group has developed a whole set of new process for algae variety selection, culture, harvest and dehydration. Based on the previous technical breakthrough by the research group in microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of biomass, the optimized algae harvested from self-cultivated tank was dehydrated and used to conduct experiments on MAP of algae to produce bio-oil using self-developed equipment for microwave assisted pyrolysis of corn stover. Some algae-based bio-oil with water-oil two-phase stratification under natural conditions was obtained. The two-phase bio-oil products were then analyzed to acquire their compositions using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS); the compositions and their percentages were acquired, which can provide theoretical basis for refining algae-based bio-oil products for various usages and developing value-added by-products. The research results show that MAP of algae is a rapid, cost-competitive and efficient method for producing bio-oil, which provides reference for mass production of bio-oil from algae. Key words: algae, microwave, pyrolysis, bio-oil, biodiesel, biomass energy 附全文PDF 微波裂解海藻快速制取生物燃油的试验