孤独症特征主要表现为社会交往障碍、语言交流技巧障碍,以及重复刻板的行为和狭窄的兴趣。作为目前世界上患病人数增长最快的疾病之一,孤独症越来越受关注,但发病机理依旧是一个谜团,存在争议。到目前为止,没有人了解什么诱发了孤独症,即使处于领域最前沿的研究者,也从未找到最直接的诱因。在以往的研究进展中,研究者获得的结论是,有一种基因显然和孤独症有关。但全球三分之一的人口携带这种基因,并不是所有人都患上孤独症。这种精神病的发作,被确定和环境影响有关。 去年,美国著名学术期刊《环境与健康展望》( EHP ) 12 月中刊登了一项研究结果,将儿童患孤独症的风险,和母亲孕期所住地段联系起来:如果孕期住在高速公路附近,或儿童是在高速公路附近的房屋里出生,那么这些孩子得孤独症的风险,将比其他孩子高出一倍。至少,这个研究结果证明了环境与孤独症的关联性。 提到环境,我们不能不想到几十年内,变化急剧的人类的生存环境,可以说人类一直处于这种“ chemical soup ”中,特别是神经毒性的化学物质。到底它们怎么对机体造成损伤,到底两者之间是如何相互作用的,可以说我们一概不清。 2010 年,加拿大对国人体内的双酚 A 和铅的含量做了流行病学调查,结果发现,双酚 A 和铅在人体内血液、尿液、毛发中普遍存在。也许“禁止含铅汽油”的缘故,铅的含量有明显下降,而环境雌激素的典型代表——双酚 A 急剧增多。双酚 A 和铅都是神经毒性物质,同时二者也都属于内分泌干扰物,而且在人类生存环境中普遍共存。所以,我构建了低水平的铅和双酚 A 青春期联合暴露的小鼠模型。之所以选择青春期,是因为 “ Adolescence is best defined by characteristic adolescent behaviors that include high levels of risk-taking, high exploration, novelty and sensation seeking, social interaction, high activity and play behaviors that likely promote the acquisition of the necessary skills for maturation and independence ” ( Spear , 2000 ) 此外,尽管自闭症儿童研究是热点,研究成人“没有吸引力”。但是,成人代表着更大的挑战,成人自闭症对社会的影响更大,更难治疗。社会行为是自闭症的核心特征,其实这也是我研究青春期暴露检测成年社会行为的意义所在。 目前,我的研究结果表明:铅和双酚 A 联合暴露的前期行为学检测表明,雄性小鼠的“社会交往能力”下降,而雌性升高。同时,分子生物学水平表明二者的毒性在雄性表现协同,而在雌性表现拮抗。看来生存不利的风险因子,反而有利于雌性生存。本研究的数据正在处理中,有可能会确定铅和双酚 A 是自闭症的风险因子,同时也会为自闭症的诱因提供了新的认识,更好地解释男性自闭症患者远远超过女性的结论。 本研究的的成果,期望投在《 Environmental Health Perspectives 》(毒理学研究的头牌),但愿后面的实验顺利地发现更多的支持数据。(吼吼,为自己鼓鼓劲,哈哈,我要笑傲科研)。
环境毒素是自闭症的风险因子? http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=311533do=blogid=420225 Guangying Luo (SXAU) Environmental Toxins is Risk Factor for Autism? 摘要: 自闭症是一种典型的行为紊乱疾病,其主要特征社会交往障碍、语言障碍、动作刻板、反复以及缺乏兴趣。每年的 4 月 2 日 为国际自闭症日。但是自闭症的病因一直不明。作为一个环境毒理学的科研工作者,我提出一个疑问:环境毒素是自闭症的风险因子?本文对环境毒素的神经毒理研究做一综述。 Abstract: Autism is a behaviorally characterized disorder with impairments in social interactions, as well as stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. April 2nd is Autism Awareness Day. However, the etiology of autism is still unknown. As a science research worker of environmental toxicology, I have a question: Environmental toxins is risk factor for autism? This paper reviews the recent studies on neurotoxcity of environmental toxins. 关键词: 自闭症;环境毒素; PBDE ; PCB ; BPA ; PCDD Keywords: autism, environmental toxins, PBDE ; PCB ; BPA ; PCDD 知识发现平台 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: Autism C-query: Environmental Toxins The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 21 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 20372 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 715 terms on the current B-list ( 232 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. 知识发现结果 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/view_b_txt.cgi?ID=20372 job id # 20372 started Tue Mar 29 22:51:12 2011 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 20372 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: AutismTue Mar 29 22:51:40 2011 A query = Autism started Tue Mar 29 22:51:40 2011 A query resulted in 17240 titles 20372 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: Environmental Toxins Tue Mar 29 22:52:04 2011 C: Environmental Toxins 18046 A: pubmed_query_A 17240 AC: ( Autism ) AND ( Environmental Toxins ) 21 C query = Environmental Toxins started Tue Mar 29 22:52:05 2011 C query resulted in 18046 titles A AND C query resulted in 21 titles 8770 B-terms ready on Tue Mar 29 22:54:35 2011 Sem_filter: Genes Molecular Sequences, and Gene Protein Names 715 B-terms left after filter executed Tue Mar 29 23:20:47 2011 B-list on Tue Mar 29 23:21:41 2011 1 toll receptor 2 gstm1 3 transporter gene 4 single nucleotide polymorphism 5 genome scan 6 akt 7 cytokine production 8 gastrin releasing peptide 9 genome wide 10 pten 11 snp 12 mthfr 13 homeobox 14 gene cluster 15 promoter polymorphism 16 beta catenin 17 epileptiform 18 gene environment 19 bdnf 20 toll 21 cpg 22 gaba a receptor 23 microrna 24 doublecortin 25 paraoxonase 26 gabaa 27 quantitative trait loci 28 vntr 29 inflammatory bowel disease 30 gene promoter 31 gaba a 32 jnk 33 clock gene 34 leptin 35 glutamate receptor gene 36 tetranucleotide repeat 37 paraoxonase gene 38 bhlh 39 gene variant 40 organization promoter 41 microsatellite 42 cdna 43 adhd 44 glutamate receptor 45 protein kinase b 46 th1 47 pcr 48 promoter region 49 tlr 50 stat3 51 trpv1 52 cytokine 53 opioid receptor 54 cloning gene 55 transducin 56 per1 57 gata-3 58 allelic variant 59 ampa 60 pacap 61 trinucleotide 62 exon 63 novel gene 64 bcl-2 65 aquaporin 66 twin 67 epilepsy 68 abcb1 69 tumor suppressor gene 70 gene encoding 71 estrogen receptor alpha 72 bdnf gene 73 metallothionein 74 ubiquitin 75 repressor 76 tachykinin 77 pcb 78 il-1 79 transporter 80 tetranucleotide 81 adrenomedullin 82 gaba 83 cd8 84 killer 85 transcription factor 86 phospholipase 87 il-6 88 genomic 89 lc 90 gene family 91 dpt 92 cue 93 apoe 94 glutathione s transferase 95 candidate gene 96 channel gene 97 intron 98 calmodulin 99 myelin basic protein 100 anxiety 101 signal peptide 102 cell adhesion molecule 103 gef 104 allelic heterogeneity 105 calcium channel 106 s100b 107 snap-25 108 tyrosine kinase 109 mdr1 110 cyclin 111 map2 112 theta 113 ms 114 untranslated region 115 vitamin d receptor 116 tandem repeat 117 milk 118 protein kinase c 119 spatial learning 120 untranslated 121 genome 122 glucose transporter 123 related gene 124 rna binding protein 125 nnos 126 tumor necrosis factor 127 oxytocin 128 cadherin 129 somatostatin receptor 130 lip 131 connexin 132 dopamine d2 receptor 133 g protein 134 tumor suppressor 135 mri 136 gene associated 137 gfap 138 trait 139 ect2 140 fibroblast growth factor 141 parkinson disease 142 chemokine 143 5-ht 144 ngf 145 p53 146 circling 147 heat shock protein 148 mhc haplotype 149 il-2 150 han 151 cd4 152 phosphodiesterase 153 cd3 154 expression gene 155 crh 156 ecd 157 meta 158 interferon gamma 159 neuropeptide 160 receptor gene 161 olfactory 162 hepatocyte growth factor 163 dopamine receptor 164 vasoactive intestinal peptide 165 p22 166 ribosomal protein 167 mhc 168 domain 169 reduced expression 170 copy 171 rora 172 hla 173 gene silencing 174 rho 175 erk 176 ige 177 lh 178 intronic 179 immune response 180 adenylate cyclase 181 gene involved 182 integrin 183 promoter 184 a2 185 allele 186 gene related 187 caveolin-1 188 epidermal growth factor 189 high mobility group 190 task 191 enhancer 192 rhoa 193 protein gene 194 pet 195 dhfr 196 cdc 197 p glycoprotein 198 sun 199 clock 200 trh 201 gene knockout 202 lobe 203 sri 204 conductance 205 insulin growth factor 206 dna binding protein 207 opiate receptor 208 met 209 allelic 210 isoform 211 estrogen receptor 212 gene japanese 213 gene association 214 neurotensin 215 efflux 216 protein kinase 217 startle response 218 ornithine carbamoyltransferase 219 fold 220 thyrotropin releasing hormone 221 dopamine beta hydroxylase 222 glutamic acid decarboxylase 223 precocious 224 cre 225 dna sequence 226 tac 227 3h 228 p1 229 peptidase 230 s6 231 na v 232 rsh gstm1与 Autism、 Environmental Toxins 研究论文: Autism gstm1 Environmental Toxins http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/show_sentences.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature Autism gstm1 Environmental Toxins 1: Animal model of autism using GSTM1 knockout mice and early post-natal sodium valproate treatment.2010 Add to clipboard 2: Analysis of case-parent trios at a locus with a deletion allele: association of GSTM1 with autism .2006 Add to clipboard 1: Sulforaphane- and Phenethyl isothiocyanate-Induced Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1-Mediated Genotoxicity in Human Hepatocytes: Role of GSTM1 genotype and CYP3A4 Gene Expression.2010 Add to clipboard 2: Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1 ) polymorphisms and lung cancer: a literature-based systematic HuGE review and meta-analysis.2008 Add to clipboard 3: Alterations of liver function test indices of filling station workers with respect of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1.2005 Add to clipboard 4: Possible risk modification by CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in lung cancer susceptibility in a South Indian population.2005 Add to clipboard 5: Increased frequencies of glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) gene deletions in Korean patients with acquired aplastic anemia.2001 Add to clipboard 6: Peculiarities of the GSTM1 0/0 genotype in French heavy smokers with various types of chronic bronchitis.1997 Add to clipboard 7: Proportion of the GSTM1 0/0 genotype in some Slavic populations and its correlation with cystic fibrosis and some multifactorial diseases.1996 Add to clipboard
4 月 2 日 ,国际自闭症日。目前,我的感兴趣的课题: Environmental Toxins Are Risk Factor for Autism? 所以,一直比较关注有关自闭症的 Topic 。前几天, Mail Online 上有一新闻: A 12-year-old child prodigy has astounded university professors after grappling with some of the most advanced concepts in mathematics. Jacob Barnett has an IQ of 170 - higher than Albert Einstein - and is now so far advanced in his Indiana university studies that professors are lining him up for a PHD research role. The boy wonder, who taught himself calculus, algebra, geometry and trigonometry in a week, is now tutoring fellow college classmates after hours . 这小家伙的智商比老爱还高,达到 170. 更为有趣的是: Jake was diagnosed with Aspergers syndrome, a mild form of autism, from an early age 由此看来,自闭症患者不一定智商高?智商高的人是不是都有一定的自闭症?看来自闭症在少数人上与超智商是有联系的。 自闭症是一种身体与生理障碍,不是一般人认为的心理病。根据国际在线于 2005 年底的文章报道引述,孤独症可能与超常智力拥有某种关系。就文章所说,孤独症可以使人更具创造力。 文中又指出,一些名人诸如 牛顿 、 爱因斯坦 等都是孤独症患者,并引用某学者说,他们的孤独症可能归咎于他们的高 智商 。而且,看过《越狱》,一定不会忘记斯科菲尔德,他也是个自闭症患者。 说到这,想到了丛兄的“孤独论”,我也知道孤独是一种心境,与孤单绝不一样。自闭症患者是不是已经达到了孤独的最高境界? 你有 ONE 说 ONE ,有 ONE 说万,有万说 ONE ,有万说万!
Guangying Luo (SXAU) Environmental Toxins is Risk Factor for Autism? 摘要: 自闭症是一种典型的行为紊乱疾病,其主要特征社会交往障碍、语言障碍、动作刻板、反复以及缺乏兴趣。每年的 4 月 2 日 为国际自闭症日。但是自闭症的病因一直不明。作为一个环境毒理学的科研工作者,我提出一个疑问:环境毒素是自闭症的风险因子?本文对环境毒素的神经毒理研究做一综述。 Abstract: Autism is a behaviorally characterized disorder with impairments in social interactions, as well as stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. April 2nd is Autism Awareness Day. However, the etiology of autism is still unknown. As a science research worker of environmental toxicology, I have a question: Environmental toxins is risk factor for autism? This paper reviews the recent studies on neurotoxcity of environmental toxins. 关键词: 自闭症;环境毒素; PBDE ; PCB ; BPA ; PCDD Keywords: autism, environmental toxins, PBDE ; PCB ; BPA ; PCDD 自闭症是一种综合性的精神发育障碍疾病,它的主要特征包括:社会交往障碍、语言障碍以及动作刻板、反复。 1 最新统计,在美国每 145 个出生的婴儿中,就有 1 个自闭症患者。 2 自闭症是近年来增长速度最快的精神病之一。 3 而且,成年自闭症也一直处于上升的趋势。但是,自闭症的诱因,仍然不清楚。 4 自闭症患者增多的原因,众说不一。文献中,受到公众认可的原因主要分三个方面: 5 1) 优越的诊断技术 随着科学技术的发展,医院的诊疗手段也越来越高,人们的经验越来越丰富,诊断能力也越来越强,所以说有人认为优越的诊断技术是自闭症增多的原因。可是,并没有令人信服的数据来证明这个结论。 2) 遗传因素 尽管有一些自闭症可以追溯到遗传基因,但是人类的基因不可能在短短几十年内突变的那么快。也就是说,人类基因变异的速度与自闭症患者增多的原因,没有显著地相关性。 3) 环境污染 在过去的几十年里,一个最显著的变化就是人类居住的环境。人类有更多的机会暴露于环境污染物。而且这些环境污染物,特别是环境毒素,能够影响胎儿、婴儿、青少年、成年以及老年的脑的发育,影响脑的结构和功能。 人类暴露的环境化合物,例如 PBDE 、 PCB 、 BPA 、 PCDD ,广泛应用于工业生产以及日常生活中。研究表明,这些环境毒素和重金属可能是大脑异常发育的风险因子,特别是人一生中最容易受到的风险因子攻击的几个阶段 : 包括胎儿期、婴儿期、青少年期和老年期。 6 科研工作者针对环境毒素的神经毒性已经在人和动物身上做了大量的研究。 Vreugdenhil HJ, 等( 2002 )研究报道,孕期暴露于 PCBs 和 PCDD 能够影响脑的发育和内分泌系统。 7 Viberg H, 等 ( 2008 )研究发现, PBDEs 也对脑的发育有着不利的影响。许多动物实验表明,暴露于 PBDEs 会严重影响动物的运动和认知功能。机理相关的研究表明, PBDE 会影响重要蛋白的表达,例如 BDNF 、 CaMKII 和 GAP-43 。这些蛋白参与神经的发育和突触的发生。 8 Kuroda Y, 等( 2003 )研究证实多动症( ADHD )与 PCBs 暴露有关, PCBs 干扰了脑发育的神经回路。 9 此外,双酚 A ( BPA )是环境类雌激素中的经典代表,一直处在风口浪尖。据研究报道,双酚 A 广泛存在于大气中和人们的日常生活用品中, He LL ,等( 2008 )通过体外实验研究证实,从饮水的塑料瓶释放的双酚 A 可能与大脑的神经发育有关。 10 自从 1998 年,韩国环境部认识到暴露于环境毒素的可能后果以来,科研工作者搜集了大量的证据,发现环境毒素的有害效应很容易发挥。比如, PBDEs 、 PCDD 、 PCBs 和 BPA 增加暴露的程度,可能与自闭症患者的增多有着必然的联系。 1) PBDEs 工业生产和日常生活中,塑料、电子产品、泡沫胶和纺织业都离不开 PBDE 。 Kim 等( 2005 )调查发现,韩国人血液中 PBDE 的含量远远高于任何其他国家。 11 Davis C 等( 2002 )研究发现长时间暴露于 PBDE ,会干扰神经分化。 12 2) PCDD 据报道,塑料和废物燃烧炉与二噁英以及它的代谢物 PCDD 有相关性。在荷兰,废物燃烧炉是 PCDD 的主要来源。称为“垃圾食品”的快餐也包含污染物,比如 PCDD 、 PBDE 以及 PCBs 。 Peterson 等研究表明胎儿期暴露二噁英和哺乳动物的产前死亡具有相关性。 13 研究证明孕期 PCDD 和 PCBs 都可以穿过胎盘屏障。 14 因此,怀孕期间母源暴露可能决定胎儿暴露环境毒素程度的风险因子之一。 3) 聚氯联苯( PCBs ) PCBs 广泛存在于各种产品中,特别是建筑材料和电解液中。新建筑、旧电子产品和废物燃烧炉是 PCBs 的来源。来自于 Koopman-Esseboom 等的一份流行病学调查报告表明,母源 PCB 暴露严重影响后代的认知行为。 15 Kenet 等研究发现,孕期暴露 PCB 可能促进发育紊乱。 16 Huisman 等报道孕期和出生后暴露于 PCBs 和 PCDD 都会干扰新生婴儿的神经发育。 17 4) 双酚 A ( BPA ) 双酚 A 广泛应用于环氧树脂和聚碳酸酯,因此它与我们的日常生活紧密相连。但是,高温情况下, BPA 很容易从食品容器中脱离出来。 Bindhumol 等研究指出双酚 A 可以引起氧化应激。 18 Lin 等也报道 BPA 诱导的活性氧对多巴胺能神经元有细胞毒性作用。 19 环境毒素的神经毒理机制,目前仍然不是很清楚。有研究报道,环境毒素可以作为及拮抗剂干扰甲状腺激素的功能。实际上,甲状腺激素在神经元的发育中,起着重要的作用。其他的研究还表明,环境毒素和神经递质系统相互作用,比如多巴胺系统和胆碱能系统,从而改变小鼠的行为模式。 20 也有几个研究报道环境毒素干扰神经元内的第二信使系统和增加氧化应激以及细胞内 Ca2+ 水平。 21 环境毒素,例如 PBDEs 、 PCDD 、 PCBs 和 BPA 可以考虑为自闭症的风险因子,但是进一步的证实需要我们把环境毒理学研究与动物行为学研究相交叉,建立自闭症的科研平台,为环境毒素诱导行为恶化的基础研究奠定基础。 参考文献 1. Nickl-Jockschat T, Michel TM. The role of neurotrophic factors in autism. Mol Psychiatry. 2010 2. Di-Cicco-Bloom E, Lord C, Zwaigenbaum L, Courchesne E, Dager SR, Schmitz C et al. The developmental neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 6897–6906 3. Siverman JL, Yang M, Lord C, Crawley JN. Behavioural phenotyping assays for mouse models of autism. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010; 11(7): 490-502. 4. Daniel H. Geschwind. Autism: many genes, common pathways? Cell. 2008; 135: 391-395 5. Darold A. Treffert, MD. Autistic disorder: 52 years later: some common sense conclusions. http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant_syndrome/savant_articles/autistic_disorder 6. Eriksson P, Ahlbom J, Fredriksson A. Exposure to DDT during a defined period in neonatal life induces permanent changes in brain muscarinic receptors and behaviour in adult mice. Brain Res. 1992;582:277–281. 7. Vreugdenhil HJ, Slijper FM, Mulder PG, Weisglas-Kuperus N. 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幼鼠 Foxp2 敲出影响其发出正常超声 熊荣川 译 摘要: 言语和语言的神经生物学研究早先在 KE 家系中展开,该家系一半的成员患有严重的言语和语言障碍。和该表型相关的基因被定位到 7 号染色体上( 7q31 ),鉴定为 FOXP2 基因,一种包含一个多谷氨酸通道和一个 DNA 叉头结合域的转录因子。因为连锁研究表明染色体区域 7q31 和自闭症有关联,该症状中语言障碍也是症状之一。而且,在具体的语言障碍研究中,认为 FOXP2 是一个潜在的与自闭症并发语言缺陷以及(或者)单纯语言障碍相关的基因位点。本文描述了鼠 Foxp2 基因缺陷小鼠的特征。双拷贝 Foxp2 缺陷基因导致严重的运动障碍、过早死亡以及在与母亲隔离时不能像正常小鼠一样发出超声。单拷贝的基因干扰导致中度发育延迟但对隔离时发出的超声影响明显。在杂合子动物模型中,学习和记忆都表现正常。在 Foxp2 干扰小鼠中还观察到了小脑畸形,尤其是对纤维细胞的影响最为突出。我们的研究结果支持 Foxp2 在小脑发育及与不同动物社交相关的发育过程中发挥有重要作用的观点。 关键词: 自闭症 小脑 交流 语言 言语 Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene Neurobiology of speech and language has previously been studied in the KE family, in which half of the members have severe impairment in both speech and language. The gene responsible for the phenotype was mapped to chromosome 7q31 and identified as the FOXP2 gene, coding for a transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA-binding domain. Because of linkage studies implicating 7q31 in autism, where language impairment is a component of the disorder, and in specific language impairment, FOXP2 has also been considered as a potential susceptibility locus for the language deficits in autism andor specific language impairment. In this study, we characterized mice with a disruption in the murine Foxp2 gene. Disruption of both copies of the Foxp2 gene caused severe motor impairment, premature death, and an absence of ultrasonic vocalizations that are elicited when pups are removed from their mothers. Disruption of a single copy of the gene led to modest developmental delay but a significant alteration in ultrasonic vocalization in response to such separation. Learning and memory appear normal in the heterozygous animals. Cerebellar abnormalities were observed in mice with disruptions in Foxp2, with Purkinje cells particularly affected. Our findings support a role for Foxp2 in cerebellar development and in a developmental process that subsumes social communication functions in diverse organisms. 文献来源: Shu W. G., Cho J. Y., Jiang Y. H., Zhang M. H., Weisz D., Elder G. A., Schmeidler J., De Gasperi R., Sosa M. A. G., Rabidou D., Santucci A. C., Perl D., Morrisey E.,Buxbaum J. D. (2005). Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (27): 9643-9648.
2008年新创刊的Autism Research《孤独症研究》, I SSN: 1939-3792,双月刊,2009年入选 Web of Science的Science Citation Index Expanded和Social Sciences Citation Index,JOHN WILEY SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, USA, NJ, 07030出版,目前在SCI和SSCI数据库可以检索到该期刊2008年的第1卷第1期到2009年的第2卷第4期共60篇论文。 60 篇论文的主要国家分布: 美国44篇、英国7篇、 加拿大 3 篇、 意大利3篇、 德国 2 篇、 比利时6篇、西班牙5篇、澳大利亚3篇、孟加拉国2篇、韩国2篇等. Autism Research《孤独症研究》网址: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/116308170/home 作者投稿指南: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/116308170/home/ForAuthors.html 在线投稿: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/autismresearch Editorial Board E D I T O R - I N - C H I E F Anthony J. Bailey, M.D. Cheryl and Reece Scott Professor of Psychiatry University of Oxford A S S O C I A T E E D I T O R S Sally J. Rogers The M.I.N.D. Institute University of California, Davis Sacramento, CA Robert T. Schultz Director, Center for Autism Research Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA James S. Sutcliffe Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN L I T E R A T U R E R E V I E W E D I T O R Edwin H. Cook, Jr. Institute for Juvenile Research University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL E D I T O R I A L R E C E I V I N G O F F I C E Autism Research Editorial Receiving Office 111 River Street MS 8-02 Hoboken, NJ 07030-5744 USA P: 201-748-6484 F: 201-748-5931 autismres@wiley.com