Liu W, Dai X*, Xu J. Influences of leaf-mining insects on their host plants: A review. Collectanea Botanica, 2015,34: e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2015.v34.005 免费全文下载: http://collectaneabotanica.revistas.csic.es/index.php/collectaneabotanica/article/view/231/256 ABSTRACT Influences of leaf-mining insects on their host plants: A review. — Leaf-mining insects are an herbivore group whose larvae live and feed inside plant leaves. Leaf mines are distinct marks on leaves and can provide much information on insect-plant relationships. Most leaf miners are monophagous or oligophagous. Therefore ecologists and paleontologists use them to study interactions and coevolution among plants, insects and natural enemies. There are many different types of leaf-mining patterns on plant leaves, which may have different impacts on host plants. Compared with ectophagous herbivores, leaf-mining insects should have unique influences on host plant characteristics, such as leaf morphology, leaf chemistry, plant physiology, plant growth and production. Obvious impacts include leaf asymmetry, callus formation, photosynthesis, and green islands. Types and degrees of such influences are varied for different leaf miner species or different host plant species. In turn, the change of plant features may have positive or negative impacts on oviposition and feeding of leaf-mining insects. Studies on plant responses to leaf-mining and the defensive mechanisms of plants are helpful in understanding the coevolution between leaf miners and their food plants. KEYWORDS: chemical ecology; interspecific interactions; pest resistance. 摘要 潜叶昆虫对寄主植物的影响:综述。— 潜叶昆虫是一类植食性昆虫,以幼虫在叶片组织内取食并生活,不破坏叶表皮或至少不破坏外壁。潜道(潜叶幼虫在植物薄壁组织或表皮内部形成的取食道)为学者研究昆虫—植物关系提供了大量的信息。大部分潜叶昆虫为单食性或寡食性。因此,生态学家和古生物学家可将其作为模式生物,用于研究植物、昆虫和天敌三者的种间关系与协同进化。潜叶昆虫在植物叶片上形成许多不同类型的潜道,因而对植物造成的影响也不尽相同。与外食性昆虫相比,潜叶昆虫对植物形状有独特的影响,这些性状包括叶片形态、化学成分、植物生理、生长和产量。比较明显的影响包括叶片的不对称性、形成愈伤组织、降低光合作用以及形成“绿岛效应”。不同潜叶昆虫对不同植物的作用方式及影响程度不同。与此相反,植物特性的改变可能会促进或抑制潜叶昆虫的取食和产卵。因此,研究寄主植物对潜叶为害的应对措施及防御机制,有利于了解潜叶昆虫和寄主植物之间的协同进化。 关键词 :化学生态;种间相互作用;抗虫性。
廖承清,徐家生,戴小华*, 赵小林. 潜叶铁甲及其寄主植物的多样性. 生态科学,2015, 34(5): 159-166. LIAO Chengqing, XU Jiasheng, DAI Xiaohua, et al. Species diversity of leaf-mining hispines and of their host plants . Ecological Science, 2015, 34(5): 159-166. 摘要和全文下载网址 Abstract and full text: http://www.ecolsci.com/CN/abstract/abstract1606.shtml 摘要 在国内外已有的文献资料基础上, 分别从世界和中国范围对潜叶类铁甲及其寄主植物的物种多样性进行系统研究。铁甲多样性非常丰富, 世界共计24 族185 属3273 种, 其中中国分布的共10 族32 属272 种, 占世界铁甲的8.3%;世界已报道的潜叶铁甲共383 种, 约占全部铁甲的11.7%, 主要集中在Chalepini 族和Hispini 族。潜叶铁甲的寄主植物种类繁多, 共涉及35 目80 科443 属, 其中以禾本科最多, 其次为菊科、豆科、棕榈科、锦葵科、壳斗科和蔷薇科等。不同潜叶铁甲类群的寄主谱差异明显: 在族级水平, Chalepini 族和Hispini 族的寄主范围最为广泛, 而Hispoleptini族和Prosopodontini 族寄主类群则比较单一; 在属级水平, 以趾铁甲属Dactylispa 寄主植物最多。研究发现, 铁甲在族级和属级阶元的种数与其寄主植物种数、属数和科数均呈现出明显的正相关性, 表明铁甲的种类越丰富, 所需要的寄主植物范围就越广泛, 反之则越狭窄; 不同寄主植物上的潜叶铁甲多样性也有明显不同, 单子叶植物上寄生的铁甲明显多于双子叶, 在科级水平上, 禾本科上潜食的铁甲种类最多, 其次为棕榈科、豆科、姜科以及蔷薇科。 Abstract : Using existing domestic and foreign literatures, we analyzed species diversity of leaf-mining hispines (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) and of their host plants in the world and in China, respectively. Hispine diversity is rich, with 24 tribes, 185 genera and 2373 species in the world and 10 tribes, 32 genera and 272 species in China. There are 383 reported leaf-mining hispine species, accounting for 11.7% of total hispine species number, mainly in Chalepini and Hispini. Host plant diversity of leaf-mining hispines is also high, with 35 orders, 80 families and 443 genera, most of which belong to Poaceae, then Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Malvaceae, Fagaceae and Rosaceae. Host plant spectra of different hispine groups have obvious differences: at tribe level, host range in Chalepini and Hispini is widest but it is narrowest in Hispoleptini and Prosopodontini; at genus level, Dactylispa holds the most host plants. Significant positive correlations between hispine species number at tribe or genus level and species or genus or family number of host plants were found. This suggests that the richer hispine species is, the wider their host range is, or vice versa. Leaf-mining hispine diversity varies with their host plants: monocots host much more hispine species than dicots; at host family level, Poaceae has most number of leaf-mining hispine species, and then Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Zingiberaceae and Rosaceae.
沙门氏菌以及大肠杆菌都是严重危害人类(以及其他动物)并经常被提及的东西,总之是靠人类作为寄主并以动物营养过着滋润的日子。可是风光不再的时候可怎么办?只能惨淡经营不死就了不得了。于是,植物,就可能被感染。研究表明在美国,生吃的蔬菜每年被感染的比例由1960年的0.7%升为近年来的25%,一方面表明生吃蔬菜的多了,更关键的是表明,植物确实可以作为沙门氏菌的寄主,甚至侵染到植物内部细胞。虽然不见得有什么营养,至少能保证不死了。都到内部细胞了,洗洗也没用啊! 一旦这些植物被人或动物食用,于是沙门氏菌门就可以大规模进军了。至于详细的是否植物会介入沙门氏菌的生活史,植物会有何防御机制,侵染的基因调控等,请参看: Plants as alternative hosts.pdf 。由此,得出结论:植物也不保险啊,该回火星的就洗洗回吧。 本文作为一个opinion文章,只是罗列近年来的进展并归纳了文章,并没有提出特别新颖的观点,并且也没有讲为什么专性寄生是如何进化的,于是接:拒=4:5。