http://baike.baidu.com/view/488645.htm 过氧化苯甲酰是中国GB2760允许使用的面粉处理剂，近年来经过多方的论证，无论国外和中国的权威部门都已证实，过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中使用是安全的，而且没有对面粉的营养产生影响。 国际上，至今没有一个国家禁用，也没有任何关于过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中使用对人体有危害的科学报道。 按照《食品卫生法》，批准或禁用 食品添加剂 ，一定要有科学的依据。而且对于禁用的依据一定要确定其严谨性和科学性，不能把一些主观舆论和没有定论的观点作为禁用的依据，更不能有意夸大或者捏造事实去误导主管部门禁用过氧化苯甲酰。 有人认为过氧化苯甲酰只是面粉增白剂，对面粉只有增白作用，并没有实质性的提高面粉的质量，反而掩盖了麸星不合格的缺陷。而事实是过氧化苯甲酰根本不能漂白麸星，反而会使麸星更加明显；过氧化苯甲酰的作用也不只是漂白剂，更主要的作用是熟化剂，这一点在CAC、FDA、 加拿大 以及 日本 的法规中都有明确的解释，也是食品添加剂的基本常识。 关于认为面粉中过氧化苯甲酰超标事件时有发生；添加剂和面粉均为粉末，易结团，很难保证和面粉混合均匀，是重大卫生安全隐患。可以说是对面粉添加剂的使用技术不了解。事实上中国的企业超标使用基本上都在100mg/kg左右，而 美国 （FDA）对过氧化苯甲酰在面粉中的使用不作限制（GMP），加拿大规定的使用量在150mg/kg, 中国的使用量不存在重大卫生安全隐患。 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~DbSQL2:1 Evidence for Carcinogenicity : 关于致癌证据 Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide. Overall evaluation: Benzoyl peroxide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). **QC REVIEWED** Consumption Patterns : 使用方式 Benzoyl peroxide is used principally as a source of free radicals in the plastics and rubber industry. /Lesser amounts are used as/ a food additive and in non-prescription drugs (1985). **PEER REVIEWED** FDA Requirements : FDA 规定 Benzoyl peroxide is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. **PEER REVIEWED** FULL RECORD BEST SECTIONS Human Health Effects Evidence for Carcinogenicity Human Toxicity Excerpts Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations Drug Warnings Probable Routes of Human Exposure Minimum Fatal Dose Level Emergency Medical Treatment Emergency Medical Treatment Antidote and Emergency Treatment Animal Toxicity Studies Evidence for Carcinogenicity Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts Non-Human Toxicity Values Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics Metabolism/Metabolites Absorption, Distribution Excretion Mechanism of Action Interactions Pharmacology Therapeutic Uses Drug Warnings Interactions Minimum Fatal Dose Level Environmental Fate Exposure Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary Probable Routes of Human Exposure Natural Pollution Sources Artificial Pollution Sources Environmental Fate Environmental Biodegradation Environmental Abiotic Degradation Environmental Bioconcentration Soil Adsorption/Mobility Volatilization from Water/Soil Environmental Standards Regulations FDA Requirements Chemical/Physical Properties Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Color/Form Odor Taste Melting Point Density/Specific Gravity Heat of Combustion Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient Solubilities Spectral Properties Vapor Pressure Other Chemical/Physical Properties Chemical Safety Handling DOT Emergency Guidelines Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations Fire Potential Autoignition Temperature Fire Fighting Procedures Toxic Combustion Products Explosive Limits Potential Hazardous Reactivities Incompatibilities Hazardous Decomposition Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Protective Equipment Clothing Preventive Measures Stability/Shelf Life Shipment Methods and Regulations Storage Conditions Cleanup Methods Disposal Methods Occupational Exposure Standards OSHA Standards Threshold Limit Values NIOSH Recommendations Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Manufacturing/Use Information Major Uses Manufacturers Methods of Manufacturing General Manufacturing Information Formulations/Preparations Consumption Patterns U. S. Production U. S. Imports Laboratory Methods Clinical Laboratory Methods Analytic Laboratory Methods Sampling Procedures Special References Special Reports Synonyms and Identifiers Synonyms Formulations/Preparations Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO Standard Transportation Number Administrative Information Hazardous Substances Databank Number Last Revision Date Last Review Date Update History http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/d?./temp/~Z4KFCs:0 SIS Home About Us Site Map Search Contact Us GENE-TOX Search Results Env. Health Toxicology TOXNET GENE-TOX Relevancy Ranking Relevancy ranking attempts to find those documents most pertinent to your search, and to place the most relevant documents first in the list of returned documents. The ranking derives from the number of individual search terms occurring in a document, the number of times each search term occurs in a document, its rarity within the database, and the nearness of search terms to each other. Documents having combinations of search words tend to be ranked higher than documents having isolated occurrences of the words. For chemicals, add synonyms and CAS numbers to search: Yes No Item 1 through 1 of 1 Select Record Substance Name The following is the primary record for the chemical. All of the query terms were found. 1 BENZOYL PEROXIDE 94-36-0 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~Z4KFCs:1 BENZOYL PEROXIDE CASRN: 94-36-0 For other data, click on the Table of Contents Substance Identification: Substance Name: BENZOYL PEROXIDE CAS Registry Number: 94-36-0 Chemical Classification Category: Lactones, organic peroxides Taxonomic Name Assay: Prokaryotes - other genotoxic effects Mutagenicity Studies: GENE-TOX Evaluation A (pre-1980): Species/Cell Type: Escherichia coli polA (W3119 vs P3478) Assay Type: Rec-assay, DNA effects (bacterial DNA repair) Assay Code: RE1T Results: No conclusion Panel Report: EMICBACK/45048 ; MUTAT RES 87:211-297,1981 Administrative Information: GENETOX Record Number: 671 Last Revision Date: 19910822 Update History: Complete update on 01/30/1991, 6 fields added/edited/deleted. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+toxline:@term+@DOCNO+EMICBACK/45048 SIS Home About Us Site Map Search Contact Us TOXLINE Env. Health Toxicology TOXNET TOXLINE For chemicals, add synonyms and CAS numbers to search: Yes No Include PubMed records: Yes No Print this page Search tips Find full text Item 1 of 1 EVALUATION OF TESTS USING DNA REPAIR-DEFICIENT BACTERIA FOR PREDICTING GENOTOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY: REPORT OF THE U.S. EPA'S GENE-TOX PROGRAM Authors: LEIFER Z KADA T MANDEL M ZEIGER E STAFFORD R ROSENKRANZ HS Source: MUTAT RES 87:211-297,1981 Test Object: BACTERIA Assay: Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-REC ASSAY Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-POL TEST Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-MULTILOCUS Publication Types: REVIEW Journal Title Code: MUREA Title Abbreviation: MUTAT RES Year of Publication: 1981 Secondary Source ID: EMICBACK/45048 General Note Owner: MUTATION RESEARCH Document Number: EMICBACK/45048 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/h?./temp/~EhZ2FX : TOXLINE for document.mainform.queryxxx.focus() Search History will be lost after one hour of inactivity. To combine searches use # before search number. e.g. #2 AND #6. Searches may not be combined across databases. 各数据库的检索策略和检索结果 Query: 检索策略与检索用词 ( benzoyl peroxide OR panoxyl OR dibenzoyl peroxide OR benzoyl superoxide OR vanoxide OR persadox OR oxylite OR luperco ast OR lucidol OR loroxide OR diphenylglyoxal peroxide OR dibenzoylperoxyde dutch dibenzoylperoxid german benzoylperoxyde dutch benzoylperoxid german benzoperoxide benoxyl ) The chemical name benzoyl peroxide was identified. The following terms were added from ChemIDplus: panoxyl dibenzoyl peroxide benzoyl superoxide vanoxide persadox oxylite luperco ast lucidol loroxide diphenylglyoxal peroxide dibenzoylperoxyde dutch dibenzoylperoxid german benzoylperoxyde dutch benzoylperoxid german benzoperoxide benoxyl CAS Registry Number: 94-36-0 Search Database Query Time Result # 6 toxline EMICBACK 45048 19:31:51 1 # 5 toxline EMICBACK 45048 19:29:51 1 # 4 toxline tox predicting genotoxicity carcinogenicity deficient repair 19:29:14 100 # 3 toxline EMICBACK 45048 19:28:24 1 # 2 genetox ( benzoyl peroxide OR panoxyl OR dibenzoyl peroxide OR benzoyl superoxide OR vanoxide OR persadox OR oxylite OR luperco ast OR lucidol OR loroxide OR diphenylglyoxal peroxide OR dibenzoylperoxyde dutch dibenzoylperoxid german benzoylperoxyde dutch benzoylperoxid german benzoperoxide benoxyl ) 19:27:56 1 # 1 toxline, dart, chemid, hsdb, ccris, cpdb, genetox, ctd, iris, iter, lact, tri2007, hazmap, hpd ( benzoyl peroxide OR panoxyl OR dibenzoyl peroxide OR benzoyl superoxide OR vanoxide OR persadox OR oxylite OR luperco ast OR lucidol OR loroxide OR diphenylglyoxal peroxide OR dibenzoylperoxyde dutch dibenzoylperoxid german benzoylperoxyde dutch benzoylperoxid german benzoperoxide benoxyl OR 94-36-0 ) 19:23:57 1217 http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/d?./temp/~VmzzAu:0 各个数据库的检索结果（文献和数据量），研究者可以根据需要分析这些文献和数据。 Search All Databases (e.g. asthma air pollution, ibuprofen fever, vinyl chloride) References from Biomedical Literature TOXLINE Toxicology Literature Online 毒理学文献 1065 DART Developmental Toxicology Literature 发育毒理学文献 19 Chemical, Toxicological, and Environmental Health Data ChemIDplus Chemical Identification/Dictionary 化学鉴定/词典 1 HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank 危险物质事实数据库 40 CCRIS Chemical Carcinogenesis Information 化学致癌信息 4 CPDB Carcinogenic Potency Database 致癌作用数据库 1 GENETOX Genetic Toxicology Data 遗传毒理学数据 1 CTD Comparative Toxicogenomics Database 比较遗传毒理学数据库 6 IRIS Integrated Risk Information 综合危险信息 2 ITER International Toxicity Estimates for Risk 国际危险毒性评估 1 LactMed Drugs and Lactation Database 药物与哺乳期数据库 6 TRI Toxics Release Inventory 毒物详细目录 48 TOXMAP Environmental Health e-Maps 环境卫生数字地图 Map It Haz-Map Occupational Exposure/Toxicology 职业曝露/毒理学 Show me Household Products Health Safety Information on Household Products 家用产品卫生与安全信息 Show me Emergency Medical Treatment : 急症医疗处理 EMT Copyright Disclaimer: Portions of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) database have been provided here for general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE OR MEDITEXT(R) DATABASE SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. The use of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases is at your sole risk. The POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases are provided AS IS and as available for use, without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Micromedex makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Micromedex does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the POISINDEX(R) or MEDITEXT(R) databases. Copyright 1974-2010 Thomson MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, downloading, sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a violation of Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** BENZOYL PEROXIDE ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. Life Support: o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted. Clinical Effects: 0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE 1) Benzoyl peroxide may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Signs and symptoms of exposure may include decreased pulse and temperature, dyspnea and wheezing, abdominal pain, and stupor. 2) Conjunctival inflammation and superficial corneal opacity have been noted when benzoyl peroxide was applied to the eyes of experimental animals. Allergic dermatitis may occur. 0.2.4 HEENT 0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE 1) Conjunctivitis may be noted from ocular exposure. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) WITH THERAPEUTIC USE 1) Skin contact causes primary and sensitization dermatitis. Moderate erythema and edema have followed topical exposure to 10% solutions. 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) Benzoyl peroxide is classified as FDA pregnancy category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of benzoyl peroxide use in pregnant women. It is not known if benzoyl peroxide is excreted in the breast milk. 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 致癌问题 0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS94-36-0 (IARC, 2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: Benzoyl peroxide b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. Laboratory: A) The L929 mouse fibroblast cell line may exhibit similar benzoyl peroxide exposure characteristics as human eye fibroblasts. Thus the L929 cell line may have application for testing the cytotoxic vapor effects from benzoyl peroxide containing dental products. Treatment Overview: 0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) DILUTION: Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL in a child). 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. 2) Vitamin E may be of use in therapy. Range of Toxicity: 毒性剂量 A) Human exposure to 12.2 mg/m(3) produces nose and throat irritation.
标签: 过氧化苯甲酰
