《中药生物技术》教学：BTTCM8 赵秀举 摘要 一，复习和检查预习 二，冬虫夏草菌丝体的液体深层发酵培养 三，课外拓展（自由选择，有时候选择比努力重要！） 《中药生物技术》教学进度 教材： 中药生物技术，贾景明，专业教材，化学工业出版社， 2008 教 学 内 容 （写明章、节扼要内容） 教学时数 教学方式 备注 实施方案、总论 2 讲授 分组、评分规则、读书报告要求 中医学 2 讲授讨论 阴阳表里五行 中药学 2 讲授讨论 配伍：君臣佐使 次生代谢物 2 讲授指导 分类结构合成途径 细胞工程 2 讲授指导 喜树 细胞工程应用 2 讲授指导 颠茄 发酵过程 2 讲授指导 发酵应用 2 讲授指导 功能红曲 生物转化应用 2 讲授 基因的克隆与表达 2 讲授指导 基因的克隆与表达应用 2 讲授指导 花色苷、青蒿酸 基因技术 2 讲授指导 基因技术与中药鉴定 2 讲授指导 广藿香、鹿 作用机理 2 讲授指导 作用机理应用 2 讲授指导 茵陈蒿汤 机动 2 复习 一，复习和检查预习 1，灵芝属于 科。 2， 发酵的分类标准有： 、 、 、 。 3，表4-3真菌制剂 基源 的活性成分。一到五组，分别是1、2，3、4，7、8，9、5，11、6. 二，授课 发酵技术的过程 冬虫夏草菌丝体的液体深层发酵培养 三，课外拓展/翻译提示 Investigation of liquid–solid hydrodynamic boundary layers and oxygen requirements in hairy root cultures. Gary R. C. Williams, Pauline M. Doran* Biotechnol Bioeng, 1999, 64:729-740 Biotechnology and Bioengineering (Biotechnology Applied Microbiology) Keywords （关键词） : Atropa belladonna （颠茄） ; critical oxygen tension （ 临界氧 分压 ） ; hair roots （ 毛状根 / 发根 ） ; mucilage （黏液） ; oxygen mass transfer （氧传递） ; Solanum aviculare （澳洲茄） Abstract （摘要） Rates of oxygen uptake, growth and alkaloid production by hairy roots in submerged culture were investigated using a recirculation reactor allowing operation at high liquid velocities for removal of hydrodynamic boundary layers. 毛状根 深层培养 时的摄氧率、生长率和生物碱产生率利用再循环生物反应器进行调查，这种反应器在高液速时移除流动分界层。 Measurements were performed at dissolved oxygen tensions of 31–450% air saturation. 测量在溶解氧分压为 31 -450% 空气饱和度的条件下进行。 Critical oxygen concentrations for Atropa belladonna hairy roots were above airsaturation, viz. 100–125% air saturation for oxygen uptake and 150% air saturation for growth, demonstrating that these roots cultivated in reactors with air sparging are oxygen-limited. 颠茄毛状根培养的临界氧浓度高于空气饱和度 , 即摄氧时 100 - 125% 空气饱和度，生长时 150% 空气饱和度 , 表明这些在空气喷射反应器中进行的毛状根培养，氧气为限制因素。 The critical oxygen tension for oxygen uptake by Solanum aviculare hairy roots was 75% air saturation. 澳洲茄毛状根摄氧时的临界氧分压是 75% 空气饱和度。 Both the specific oxygen uptake rate and specific growth rate of A. belladonna hairy roots were dependent on the mass (g dry weight) of roots present; even in the absence of boundary layers, growth did not remain exponential over the entire culture period. 颠茄毛状根的 比摄氧率 和 比生长速率 均取决于当时的质量 ( 克干重 ); 即使没有边界层 , 生长也不会在整个培养时期保持指数状态。 Cryo-scanning electron microscopy showed that hairy roots grown submerged in liquid mediumwere covered with thick layers of hydrated mucilage and root hairs, representing a significant additional barrier to oxygen transfer. 低温扫描电子显微镜显示 , 液体培养基深层培养时，生长的毛状根覆盖着水化黏液厚层和根发是 , 氧转移过程一个重要的附加障碍。 Roots protruding out of the liquid medium showed no evidence of mucilage accumulation. 而生长在液体培养基外的毛状根则没有黏液积聚。 The specific oxygen demand of A. belladonna root tips was 3.3–11.5 times higher than for the remainder of the roots, the ratio increasing as the dissolvedoxygen tension was reduced. 颠茄根尖 比 需氧量 是 根其余部位的 3.3 - -11.5 倍 , 且随着溶氧分压降低这一比率上升。 Specific growth rates, biomass yields from sugar, and atropine levels were maximum at around 150% air saturation, but decreased significantly with oxygen concentrations above ca. 200%. 比 生长率、糖和阿托品生物量在 150% 空气饱和度下达到最高 , 但当氧气浓度在大约 200% 空气饱和度以上时显著降低。 四，作业 计算（10分）中药活性成分代谢/发酵技术 请根据表1和2，确定固态发酵生产药物MK的最优组合。 表1 固态发酵条件优化正交试验因素与水平 水平 A 高温时长/d B 低温时长/d C装料量/g D （空，误差项） 1 3 12 300 2 5 15 360 3 6 17 500 表2 固态发酵条件优化正交试验结果 试验 A B C D MK/‰ 1 1 1 1 1 10 2 1 2 2 2 17 3 1 3 3 3 11 4 2 1 3 2 13 5 2 2 1 3 17 6 2 3 2 1 20 7 3 1 2 3 18 8 3 2 3 1 13 9 3 3 1 2 15 往期回顾 《中药生物技术》课程教学体会 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-392245-640411.html 课程与就业微信公众号
冬虫夏草在我国具有悠久的药食用历史，仅分布于青藏高原，为冬虫夏草真菌感染蝠蛾幼虫形成的菌虫复合体。因相关的生物学问题大多不清楚，人工培养诱导冬虫夏草菌有性生殖及产生子实体的技术问题仍没有解决，导致市场价格奇高。过度的野外挖掘采集不仅导致当地环境的严重破坏，给物种的安全性也带来严重威胁。 最近的一项名为“基因组分析揭示冬虫夏草菌有性生殖与生活史的神秘性”的研究成果发表于 Chinese Science Bulletin 2013 年第 23 期上。研究揭示了冬虫夏草菌的基因组复杂性、有性生殖控制基因的分布特征及高寒环境适应机制等。该研究由中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所王成树课题组牵头完成。 该项研究通过基因组测序及比较基因组分析发现，冬虫夏草菌与其他昆虫真菌的进化关系相近，但由于存在大量的转座子重复序列而导致其基因组显著扩张，比其他近缘的昆虫病原真菌基因组大四倍左右，但编码基因数量减少三分之一以上，表现出共生真菌而非昆虫病原菌的典型特征。尤其不同的是，不同于其他近缘真菌种类，冬虫夏草菌的单倍体基因组同时含有两种互补的交配型基因，说明其单倍体细胞具有独立进行有性生殖及产生子实体的能力，但这一过程的诱导与仍不清楚的当地环境因子有关。研究还发现冬虫夏草菌的细胞内含有大量的油性脂滴，基因组编码有额外的抗冻蛋白及脂肪酸去饱和酶等，从而保障冬虫夏草菌适应高寒的青藏高原环境。 该项研究成果有利于促进冬虫夏草菌与昆虫相互作用的机理研究，进一步功能解释不同基因参与合成的生物活性分子，以及研究揭示青藏高原环境特有的生物或非生物因子如何诱导有性生殖及子实体发育，从而为实现冬虫夏草的人工培养奠定技术基础。 研究获得了科技部项目 (2009CB118904, 2007BAI32B00) 及国家自然科学基金 (31225023) 资助。 来源论文： HU X., ZHANG Y.J., XIAO G.H., ZHENG P., XIA Y.L.,ZHANG X.Y, ST LEGER R.J., LIU X.Z., AND WANG C.S. Genome survey uncovers thesecrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN,2013, 58(23): 2846-2854. 论文链接： http://csb.scichina.com:8080/kxtbe/EN/abstract/abstract507974.shtml
中国 · 吉安 第九届横江葡萄节 品横江葡萄 过甜美日子 欢迎到吉安横江 葡萄采摘旅游 （ 2012 ． 6 -- ） “绿地中心 茹约而至” 梁静茹“爱的那一页” 世界巡回演唱会南昌站 ———————————————————— 演出时间： 8 月 25 日 （七夕情人节之夜） 演出地点：江西省体育馆 预订电话： 0791-88885111 88882000 招商电话： 0791-88778888 更多资讯请关注：“天立文化 @ 腾讯微博” 冬虫夏草：有效遏制“心血管病 - 糖尿病 - 癌症”链 （ CDC strips ） 胡春松，等 相关产品： 参灵草 江西南昌 江中集团荣誉出品 雪奥冬虫夏草系列产品 大连雪奥生物工程医药技术有限公司 ( www.cnxueao.cn ) 权威招商： 18900981118 相关论文： Novel Strategies Halt Cardiovascular-Diabetes-Cancer Strips Chun-Song Hu, M.D., Qing-Hua Wu, M.D., Jun-Yan Hong, Ph.D., Douglas W. Losordo, M.D., Sheng-Shou Hu, M.D. and Dayi Hu, M.D. Summary We found there were cardiovascular-diabetes-cancers(CDC) strips from evidence-based literatures on clinical trials and analyzed related mechanisms. And we’ve already developed new strategies in our previous works for the prevention of coronary heart disease, cardiovascular events and healthcare, etc. These novel strategies, which including SEED intervention(SEEDi), E(e)SEED intervention(E(e)SEEDi) and even Hu’s healthy lifestyles intervention(HHLi), also called “Chinese vaccine”, as the core elements of “Grade 210 prevention”, play an important role in the prevention and management of human chronic diseases when combined with RT-ABCDEF strategy, for example, OOH syndrome, especially in halting CDC strips we discovered. (Manuscript in preparation)
Caterpillar Fungus: The Viagra Of The Himalayas http://www.npr.org/2011/10/09/141164173/caterpillar-fungus-the-viagra-of-the-himalayas October 9, 2011 In the produce aisle at your local grocery story, button mushrooms go for about $4 a pound, Shitakes cost about twice that, and black truffles can run $800 a pound. But that's nothing compared to a rare Asian fungus that sells for $50,000 a pound. Daniel Winkler Caterpillar fungus in the ground, partially exposed. In English, it's called caterpillar fungus. But it's better known throughout Asia by the Tibetan term, yartsa gunbu, which means "summer grass, winter worm." Britt Bunyard, a professor at the University of Wisconsin and editor of Fungi Magazine, explains that this fungi ( Cordyceps Sinensis ) makes its living by getting inside a host insect and ultimately killing and consuming it. In this case, the insect that's invaded is the caterpillar of the ghost moth. "This caterpillar will bury itself down a couple inches into the soil. Meanwhile it doesn't know it, but this fungus is digesting it from within and then in the spring this ... tissue erupts out the head." It may sound gross, but he says this pinky-sized mummified caterpillar is the most expensive fungi in the world. "The price doesn't compare to other fungi; the price compares to things like gold and platinum and diamonds." So what makes it so pricy? Well, it's also known as the Viagra of the Himalayas. Daniel Winkler A yartsa gunbu dealer in the town of Bayi, Tibet. An Aphrodisiac, Maybe, A Status Symbol For Sure Yartsa gunbu was mentioned as far back as a 15th century Tibetan medicinal text titled "An Ocean of Aphrodisiacal Qualities." These days, that reputation has made it a status symbol. Daniel Winkler, who's written extensively about the fungus and gives mushrooming tours of Tibet, says the price in China has jumped by a factor of 10 over the past decade. Winkler says a businessman looking to impress in China wouldn't pull out a fine pinot noir to flaunt his wealth; he'd cook up some nice goose or duck and fill it with $1,000 worth of caterpillar fungus. Big Money In Small Villages Because it is so valuable, yartsa gunbu has led to violence. Last August in Nepal, seven men went missing after a dispute over yartsa gunbu and two of them were later discovered dead at the bottom of a steep ravine. The deaths caught writer Eric Hansen's attention. Hansen, a freelance writer in New York, had lived and traveled in Nepal but never came across the famous fungus. So he decided to try and find it in New York City's Chinatown. "Sure enough there it was, in the first herbal apothecary I went into there were four big glass jars of the stuff selling for between $500 and $1,300 an ounce," Hansen says. Hansen became so enthralled by this worm that he went back to Nepal to see the harvest. "As soon as they see that yartsa gunba is sprouting in these high, high alpine fields, the whole village just empties out," he says. "Everybody climbs up into the mountains and spends pretty much six weeks crawling around looking for the tips of yartsa gunbu." A good harvest can triple a Nepali's yearly income and transform communities. Hansen points to the village of Nar as an example. "The whole town used its yartsa gunbu profits to buy solar panels. So now you have this centuries-old stone hamlet, and on the corner of each building is a solar panel about the size of a board game," he says. Potential In The U.S.? Here in the U.S. yartsa gunba hasn't really caught on. It could be that it is just too expensive, or it could be the lack of scientific studies to prove its effectiveness. Professor Britt Bunyard says he knows of no U.S. pharmaceutical companies that have extensively researched yartsa gunbu. When Eric Hansen tried the fungus in Nepal, he says, he felt "nothing." "My back pain didn't ease, my eyesight didn't sharpen, I didn't feel like springing out of my chair and taking a jog, my loins were not aflame and my libido did not rage." But so long as yartsa gunbu is all the rage in China there are still fungal fortunes to be made.
标签: 冬虫夏草
