基因改造西红柿的相关信息 诸平 Professor Cathie Martin http://www.gatsbyplants.leeds.ac.uk/tree/uploads/Lectures/Martin_C_SS12/player.html The new tomatoes could improve the nutritional value of everyday foods (CC By 2.0) By introducing a gene from the snapdragon, genetic engineers have imbued the tomato with the healing cancer-fighting power of compounds nature placed in less popular (and more expensive) fruits, such as blackberries and cranberries. Note: This photograph illustrates the concept of a purple tomato. Purple GMO Tomatoes 'Healthier' Than Nature, Coming Soon To Grocery Shelves In Canada, UK 通过基因改造可以使西红柿的颜色发生改变，提高营养价值，如 英国约翰英内斯研究中心的 卡西·马丁（ Cathie Martin ） 教授等人，他们先从金鱼草中提取基因植入一批西红柿，将它们培植成能自动制造花青素的新型紫西红柿。 紫色西红柿可以还有在 蓝莓（ blueberries ）和蔓越橘（ cranberries ）中 含有的 花青素类物质 （ anthocyanins ）， 花青素有消炎和抗癌作用，并能预防II型糖尿病。关于基因改造西红柿的相关信息（主要来自《 GO Compass 网站）摘录如下，供大家参考。 Cathie Martin , Metabolic Biology - John Innes Centre Cathie Martin Profile 1. Genetically Modified Tomatoes ... and Vegetables Tomatoes The tomato has been a symbol for genetically modified food for many years. In 1994, genetically modified tomatoes hit the market in the US as the first commercially ... 2. Purple GM tomatoes could fight cancer and increase lifespan ... GM tomatoes could fight cancer and increase lifespan (October 30, 2008) A genetically modified purple tomato has been created, that in a pilot test significantly extended the lifespan of ... 3. Delayed Maturity ... goal for fruits and vegetables Many fruits like tomatoes, melons, and bananas are usually harvested before ripening. The firmness of unripe fruit facilitates mechanical harvesting and ... (Glossary entry) 4. Parthenocarpy ... bananas are parthenocarpic. Genetic engineering has been used to create seedless varieties of tomato, strawberry, raspberry, and ... (Glossary entry) 5. Portugal - Field Trials with GMOs ... PlantsGMO field trials have been conducted on the following crops in Portugal: maize 18 potato 4 tomato 2 tasmanian blue gum 1 Novel traitsGMO field trials in Portugal were set up to examine: ... 6. Spain - Field Trials with GMOs ... plants that have undergone the most field tests: maize 218 cotton 51 beet 30 rice 26 potato 18 tomato 16 Novel traitsGMO field trials in Spain were set up to examine:mainly insect resistance and ... 7. Italy - Field Trials with GMOs ... of other GMOs 16 Total 295 PlantsThe plants that have undergone the most field tests: maize 98 tomato 48 beet 42 marigold 17 chicory 16 eggplant 10 Novel traitsGMO field trials in Italy were set ... 8. Plants with Altered Composition ... an allergy). Higher levels of beneficial antioxidant compounds (e. g. lycopene, flavinols found in tomato) to prevent cardiovascular diseases and certain forms of cancer. Fruits with longer ... 9. Greece - Field Trials with GMOs ... been conducted on the following crops in Greece: cotton 10 1997-1999 maize 6 1997-1999 beet 2 1999 tomato 1 1997 Novel traitsGMO field trials in Greece were set up mainly to examine herbicide ... 10. Summary of GMO Field Trials in the EU by Year, Crop, Trait ... have undergone the greatest number of field trials: maize 772 rapeseed 379 beet 304 potato 277 tomato 75 cotton 62 chicory 48 tobacco 59 rice 35 wheat 34 Novel traits conferred by genetic ... 11. Do GMOs mean more allergies? ... assessed prior to its approval. Rather than containing a new protein, the transgenic „FlavrSavr“ tomato has a deactivated gene. Concerns about allergenicity are irrelevant. (The tomato is no ... 12. Labelling in Restaurants and Canteens ... consumer in such a facility also must be labelled. For example: If a cafeteria operator buys GM tomatoes and offers them unprocessed as raw food, labelling is mandatory. However, if these GM ... 13. Field trials and commercial cultivation in Spain ... plum, poplar, potato, soybean, squash, strawberry, sugar beet, sunflower, sweet orange, tobacco, tomato and wheat (Source: JRC). A database of all field trials registered in the EU can be accessed ... 14. Field trials and commercial cultivation in the Netherlands ... included tests on GM potato, sugar beet, rutabaga, cabbage, carrot, maize, rapeseed, chicory, tomato, chrysanthemum, sunflower, carnation, violet, and apple. After 2000, however, the number of ... 15. GMO Labelling: These Products Must Be Labelled ... labelled with regard to applications in genetic engineering. Labelling:GM sweetcornLabelling: GM tomatoes Food which is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or which consists of GMOs. GMOs can be ... 16. Germany: GM labelling rules are generally obeyed ... products were also randomly tested for traces of unapproved GMOs. In the case of papaya, squash, tomatoand potato products the findings were negative, i. e. no traces of unauthorised GMOs were ... 17. China plans to invest in GM crops RD and consumer education ... cotton was the first to become commercialised back in 1997, followed by petunia the same year, and tomato and sweet pepper in 1998. The government then moved cautiously, granting only two further ... 18. Evaluation the Safety of GM Food: A Major Undertaking ... authorities. In recent years, biotech companies have tested their transgenic products (maize, soy, tomato) before introducing them to the market on several different animals over the course of up to ... 19. Global GM Planting 2009 ... M, C Argentina 21. 3 S, M, C India 8. 4 C Canada 8. 2 R, M, S, SB China 3. 7 C, poplar, papayas, tomato, sweet pepper, petunia Paraguay 2. 2 S South Arfica 2. 1 M, S, C Uruguay 0. 8 S, M Bolivia ... 20. Labelling of GM Foods: Frequently Asked Questions ... organism (GMO), it must be labelled – make no doubt about it. For example: If genetically modified tomatoes (Flavr Savrtomato) or genetically modified corn on the cob make it to our product ... 21. Genetically Modified Fruits and Vegetables in the EU ... and vegetables are still quite a long way from commercial use in the EU. Genetically modified tomatoes: Nowhere to be foundMany consumers think genetically modified tomatoes are lurking in ... 22. Overview: Foods, Genetic Engineering, and Labelling ... mean genetic engineering doesn't play a role in the production of the food we eat each day. Tomatoes, Potatoes, Apples . . . Genetically modified fruits and vegetables GM products on the ... 23. Stress resistance ... induced drought, these traits are considered crucial ways of securing the world's food supply. Tomatoes have been genetically engineered enabling them to grow in salty water. These tomatoes take ... 24. Chinese GMO expedited by high food prices ... of Chinese cotton fields, genetically modified strains are grown. Likewise, GM petunias, tomatoes, sweet peppers, papayas and poplars have been approved and display a variety of advantages ... 25. Cuba: Going for green gene technology ... have also been working intensively on developing genetically modified soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes. By doing more agricultural research, Cuba hopes to free itself of agricultural imports. ... 26. Regional differences in gene technology policy lead to problems ... be market-ready by 2015. In the case of other domesticated plants such as wheat, apples, rice or tomatoes, the development of new varieties with modified product quality or agronomic traits is ... 27. Biotech in fruit and vegetables: a lot of research, few approval ... more elaborate and demanding in the pastyears. Approvals for GM fruits and vegetables – such as tomatoes – mostly liemore than ten years in the past and new applications have not been submitted. ... 28. Carotenoids ... most common and best known is beta-carotene, a yellow vegetable dye found in carrots, peppers and tomatoes. Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in humans and is therefore also called provitamin ... (Glossary entry) 29. Pseudoallergy ... foods like yeast extract. Biogenous amines are also found in foods like chocolate, avocado, and tomatoes. Salicylic acid blocks fermentation and rotting in various fruits and is also present in ... (Glossary entry) 30. Protoplasts ... information (protoplast fusion). Oftentimes, cells of different species can be fused, e. g. tomatoes and potatoes. However, it is rarely possible to regenerate entire plants from such ... (Glossary entry) 31. Somaclonal Variation ... often accompanied by undesirable mutations. Varieties developed by somaclonal variation exist for tomatoes, potatoes, sugar cane and others. Somaclonal variation can potentially occur when plants ... (Glossary entry) 32. Agrobacterium tumefaciens ... used and reliable method. It works especially well for dicotelydenous plants like potatoes, tomatoes, and tobacco. Agrobacteria are less suitable for introducing foreign genes to crops like ... (Glossary entry)
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