http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57574/ News: Top 7 papers in neuroscience Posted by Megan Scudellari Comment on this news story #1 Neurons complete hippocampus loop There's a new, important function for a once-obscure cell population in the brain: CA2 pyramidal neurons, a subset of cells in the hippocampus, form a link between electrical inputs and outputs in the hippocampus. V. Chevaleye et al., Strong CA2 pyramidal neuron synapses define a powerful disynaptic cortico-hippocampal loop, Neuron, 66:560-72, 2010. Eval by Stephen Fitzjohn and Graham Collingridge, MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, UK; Johannes Hell, University of California, Davis. Neurons in the mouse brain Image: Wikimedia Commons, Neurollero #2 Non-overlapping neurons The medial entorhinal cortex, a hub for memory and navigation in the brain, consists of two tangled but functionally separate networks that have different long-range axonal targets, and thus may be involved in different functions in the brain. The finding offers insights to how neural networks function, and -- in conditions like epilepsy -- dysfunction. C. Varga et al., Target-selective GABAergic control of entorhinal cortex output, Nat Neurosci, 13:822-4, 2010. Eval by Edvard Moser, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Jeff Isaacson, University of California, San Diego. #3 We're going to need a bigger model In a detailed mathematical analysis, researchers analyze the capacity of computational models to model neuronal oscillations -- the repetitive rise and fall of membrane potentials. They find that current single-cell oscillation models are not adequate, and there is a need for additional computational models to assess this mechanism. M.W. Remme et al., Democracy-independence trade-off in oscillating dendrites and its implications for grid cells, Neuron, 66:560-72, 2010. Eval by Lisa Giocomo and Edvard Moser, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; Neil Burgess, University College London. #4 Key step to making dendrites For the first time, researchers demonstrate that a protein that fuses membranes instructs the development of dendrites in C. elegans. The protein, EFF-1, causes overlapping branches to fuse together, a novel control mechanism for the poorly understood morphogenesis of dendrites. M. Oren-Suissa et al., The fusogen EFF-1 controls sculpting of mechanosensory dendrites, Science, 328:1285-8, 2010. Eval by Tina Schwabe and Thomas Clandinin, Stanford University, California; Andrew Chisholm, University of California, San Diego. #5 How amyloid kills synapses New findings suggest an explanation for why amyloid causes synapses to fail in Alzheimer's and other diseases: The binding of amyloid beta oligomers causes glutamate receptors in synaptic membranes to form clusters, resulting in increased intracellular calcium and eventual deterioration of the synapse. M. Renner et al., Deleterious effects of amyloid beta oligomers acting as an extracellular scaffold for mGluR5, Neuron, 66:739-54, 2010. Eval by Joel Bockaert, Institute of Functional Genomics, France; Hui-Chen Lu and Kenneth Mackie, Indiana University. #6 New mechanism for synaptic plasticity Researchers have uncovered another key mechanism behind one of the most important processes in learning and memory, synaptic plasticity. Specifically, two signaling molecules, BRAG2 and Arf6, trigger endocytosis of AMPA receptors in the brain, inducing long-term depression (LTD), a long-lasting reduction in the sensitivity of neurons and a well-known form of synaptic plasticity. R. Scholz et al., AMPA receptor signaling through BRAG2 and Arf6 critical for long-term synaptic depression, Neuron, 66:768-80, 2010. Eval by Stephen Fitzjohn and Graham Collingridge, MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, UK; Johannes Hell, University of California, Davis. #7 Cell division affects cell fate Through live imaging of a zebrafish embryo, researchers show that asymmetrical cell division is important in establishing cell fate in the vertebrate central nervous system. P. Alexandre et al., Neurons derive from the more apical daughter in asymmetric divisions in the zebrafish neural tube, Nat Neurosci, 13:673-9, 2010. Eval by Judith Eisen, University of Oregon; Caren Norden and William Harris, University of Cambridge, UK. The F1000 Top 7 is a snapshot of the highest ranked articles from a 30-day period on Faculty of 1000 Neuroscience, as calculated on July 22, 2010. Faculty Members evaluate and rate the most important papers in their field. To see the latest rankings, search the database, and read daily evaluations, visit http://f1000.com. Related stories: Top 7 immunology papers Top 7 cell biology papers Read more: Top 7 papers in neuroscience - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57574/#ixzz0v1W0PMgy
请进 http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57563/ News: Top 7 immunology papers Posted by Edyta Zielinska Comment on this news story Read more: Top 7 immunology papers - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57563/#ixzz0uGZrhTle
请进 http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57552/ News: Top 7 cell biology papers Posted by Jef Akst Comment on this news story Read more: Top 7 cell biology papers - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57552/#ixzz0uGYPugBs
http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57552/ News: Top 7 cell biology papers Posted by Jef Akst Comment on this news story #1 Gene for autoimmunity Rare genetic variants in the protein sialic acid acetylesterase (SASE) are linked to common human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, arthritis, and Crohn's disease. In mice, defects in the protein have been linked to problems in B-cell signaling and the development of auto-antibodies. I. Surolia, et al., Functionally defective germline variants of sialic acid acetylesterase in autoimmunity, Nature , 466:243-7. Epub 2010 Jun 16. Eval by Mark Anderson, UCSF Diabetes Center; Anthony DeFranco, University of California, San Francisco; Takeshi Tsubata, Tokyo Medical University, Japan. Mouse cingulate cortex neurons Image: Wikimedia commons, Shushruth #2 Cell mobility illuminated Using light to activate a the protein Rac in a single cell, researchers show how the protein can induce a group of epithelial cells to polarize en masse, suggesting that these cells can sense movement as a group. X. Wang, et al., Light-mediated activation reveals a key role for Rac in collective guidance of cell movement in vivo, Nat Cell Biol , 12:591-7. Epub 2010 May 16. Eval by Susan Hopkinson and Jonathan Jones, Northwestern University Medical School; Ekaterina Papusheva and Carl-Phillip Heisenberg, Max-Plank-Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics; Jonathan Chernoff, Fox Chase Cancer Center. #3 How the brain communicates Reproducing the electrical activity of the neurons in the mouse cortex, researchers demonstrate how different layers of the brain communicate to piece together information from a wide range of sensory inputs -- a process that many neuroscientists consider a major mystery in the field. H. Adesnik and M. Scanziani. Lateral competition for cortical space by layer-specific horizontal circuits, Nature , 464:1155-60, 2010. Eval by Aguan Wei and Jan-Marino Ramirez, University of Washington; James Cottam and Michael Hausser, University College London. #4 Backwards-working neurons Normally neurons respond strongly to synapses located closer to the cell's center and weakly to those located on the cell's tips. But the authors found that certain neurons important in spatial memory react more strongly to the distant brain signals than those from nearby neurons. V. Chevaleyre and SA Siegelbaum. Strong CA2 pyramidal neuron synapses define a powerful disynaptic cortico-hippocampal loop, Neuron , 66:560-72, 2010. Eval byStephen M Fitzjohn and Graham Collingridge, MRC centre for Synaptic Plasticity; Johannes Hell, University of California, Davis. #5 Cell-swallowing proteins Researchers identify two proteins vital to -- and perhaps responsible for initiating -- the way eukaryotic cells take up ligands bound to the surface receptors into membrane-bound vesicles, a process essential for a vast number of cellular functions, including nutrient uptake, receptor signaling, pathogen entry, and drug delivery. WM Henne, et al., FCHo proteins are nucleators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Science , 328:1281-4, 2010. Eval by Martin Lowe, University of Manchester; Pekka Lappalainen, Institute of Biotechnology, Finland. #6 Less genetic dark matter In opposition to the idea that much of the mammalian genome is uselessly transcribed into non-functional RNA molecules, researchers demonstrate that there is relatively little RNA derived from the expanses of DNA in between functional genes. H van Bakel et al., Most 'dark matter' transcripts are associated with known genes, PLoS Biol , 2010 May 18;8(5):e1000371. Eval by Daniel Reines, Emory University School of Medicine; Adnane Sellam and Andre Nantel, National Reseasrch Council of Canada. #7 Death receptor helps cancer live The apoptosis receptor DC95 that induces cell death may also promote cancer growth, providing a new possible target for cancer therapies. L. Chen et al., CD95 promotes tumour growth, Nature , 465:492-6, 2010. Eval by Sharad Kumar, Centre for Cancer Biology, Austrailia; Astar Winoto, University of California, Berkeley. The F1000 Top 7 is a snapshot of the highest ranked articles from a 30-day period on Faculty of 1000 Biochemistry, as calculated on July 8, 2010. Faculty Members evaluate and rate the most important papers in their field. To see the latest rankings, search the database, and read daily evaluations, visit http://f1000.com. Jennifer Welsh contributed to this article. Related stories: Top 7 biochemistry papers Top 7 From F1000 Top 7 From F1000 Read more: Top 7 cell biology papers - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57552/#ixzz0tbXO8p00
Top Russian mathematician Vladimir Arnold dies French news | Expatica France http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/top-russian-mathematician-vladimir-arnold-dies_73560.html Top Russian mathematician Vladimir Arnold dies Russian Vladimir Arnold, one of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century, died Thursday in France just a few days short of his 73rd birthday, Russian news agencies reported. Arnold, who arrived in France about two months ago for medical treatment, was suddenly taken ill with peritonitis and admitted to a Paris hospital on Wednesday, reports said citing his associates. It happened very suddenly. He was admitted to hospital yesterday (Wednesday) evening. He underwent surgical intervention but he did not survive the operation, said Maxim Kontsevich, a mathematician friend living in France. Born on June 12, 1937 at the Ukraine port city of Odessa, Arnold was notably the coauthor of the KAM theorum of classical mechanics developed in the 1950s and bearing the initials of its creators, Kolmogorov, Arnold and Moser. He was one of the most eminent contemporary mathematicians from all points of view, said the Russian Academy of Sciences vice president Valeri Kozlov, cited by the Itar-Tass agency. His work contained many things indispensable to the other sciences, including physics, chemistry and biology, Kozlov said. In 1974 the Soviet Union opposed Arnold's award of the Fields Medal, the most prestigious recognition in work in mathematics that is often compared to the Nobel Prize, making him one of the most preeminent mathematicians to never receive the prize. Arnold however received many other awards for his work, including the Crafoord Prize in 1982 and the World Prize in Mathematics in 2001. He became a member of the French Academy of Sciences in the 1980s. Arnold worked at the Steklov Mathematical Institute in Moscow and then the Moscow State University before he retired. 2010 AFP
May 27, 2010 Top 7 from F1000 See the highest ranked papers from F1000 Biology By The Scientist Staff Naturally selected Ninety thousand ways to make you smarter By Sarah Greene Is this life? We're opening up our archives, and returning to our 2006 article on the progress and challenges of synthetic biology, in honor of last week's landmark announcement By Jack Lucentini How can I be sure? The Faculty's recent picks: sex and the single cell; mile high club; physician, heal thyself By Richard Grant miRNA makes cancer cells slick A miRNA associated with breast cancer inhibits E-cadherin expression, causing increased cell motility and invasiveness, yielding new insights into how the cancer spreads. Ma et al. 2010 Nat Cell Biol . Evaluated by A Migliaccio F Auricchio The diversity maker How a single transcription factor, Ste12, binds to DNA is behind the variation in phenotype that drives individual diversity in yeast. Gibson et al. 2010 Science . Evaluated by S Zeller B Schmid 10 retractions and counting A Mayo Clinic immunology lab has pulled 10 papers so far, with about five more expected, and cancelled a clinical trial By Jef Akst Senior Lancet editor sacked The cause, she says: Violating the confidentiality policy by distributing the draft version of a published (and edited) editorial By Bob Grant Death star A fax that Michael Hengartner sent to his mentor helped turn apoptosis into a Nobel Prize-winning pathway By Karen Hopkin Oil spill is boon to bacteria Effects of microbial proliferation up the food chain unknown By Bob Grant Data after death Most scientists don't think about what will happen to a lab after its PI dies until, tragically, they must By Jef Akst Misconduct case drags on Blood researcher fights to be reinstated at the University of Washington after a 7-year investigation By Jef Akst News in a nutshell DNA directs mutations; top 10 new species; CSI: dog poop By Alison McCook Billion-dollar babies The story of scientists who came up with ideas that recently convinced Pharma to give them millions of dollars By Jef Akst Digital upgrade How to choose your lab's next electronic lab notebook By Amber Dance
Posted April 11, 2010: Exotic Quantum Spin-Liquid Simulated: A Starting Point for Superconductivity? New, Inexpensive Way to Predict Alzheimer's Disease NASA Sensors Providing Rapid Estimates of Iceland Volcano Emissions Source of Recurrent Yeast Infections in Autoimmune Syndrome Pinpointed ODD Solution to Bomb Scares: Optical Dynamic Detection Provides Better Way to Detect Explosives Social Influence Plays Role in Surging Autism Diagnoses, Study Finds Gene That Changes the Brains Response to Stress Identified Cancer Drug Effectiveness Substantially Advanced: Co-Administered Peptide Directs Medicines Deep Into Tumor Tissue Simple Test Can Detect Signs of Suicidal Thoughts in People Taking Antidepressants Hepatitis C Infection Doubles Risk for Kidney Cancer, Study Finds Chemical Compound Effective in Destroying Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms Empathy and Violence Have Similar Circuits in the Brain, Research Suggests Hawaiian Submarine Canyons Are Hotspots of Biodiversity and Biomass for Seafloor Animal Communities Powerful New Method Allows Scientists to Probe Gene Activation Researchers Identify Secrets to Happiness, Depression Among Oldest of Old Therapeutic Effect of Fermented Milk on Chronic Gastritis New Medications Faster: Harvesting Biomolecules More Quickly and Reliably Poor Sleep for Obese Adolescents Biological Link Between Stress, Anxiety and Depression Identified Viruses Harnessed to Split Water Lifeline for 'Antibiotic of Last Resort': Mechanism That Triggers Resistance to Vancomycin Identified 请见 http://www.sciencedaily.com/
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