《陈情表》为西晋李密写给晋武帝的奏章。文章叙述祖母抚育自己的大恩，以及自己应该报养祖母的大义；除了感谢朝廷的知遇之恩以外，又倾诉自己不能从命的苦衷，真情流露，委婉畅达。该文被认定为中国文学史上抒情文的代表作之一。 李密（晋） 陈情表 臣密言：臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶。生孩六月，慈父见背；行年四岁，舅夺母志。祖母刘愍臣孤弱，躬亲抚养。臣少多疾病，九岁不行，零丁孤苦，至于成立。既无叔伯，终鲜兄弟，门衰祚薄，晚有儿息。外无期功强近之亲，内无应门五尺之僮，茕茕孑立，形影相吊。而刘夙婴疾病，常在床蓐，臣侍汤药，未曾废离。 逮奉圣朝，沐浴清化。前太守臣逵，察臣孝廉；后刺史臣荣，举臣秀才。臣以供养无主，辞不赴命。诏书特下，拜臣郎中，寻蒙国恩，除臣洗马。猥以微贱，当侍东宫，非臣陨首所能上报。臣具以表闻，辞不就职。诏书切峻，责臣逋慢；郡县逼迫，催臣上道；州司临门，急于星火。臣欲奉诏奔驰，则刘病日笃，欲苟顺私情，则告诉不许。臣之进退，实为狼狈。 伏惟圣朝以孝治天下，凡在故老，犹蒙矜育，况臣孤苦，特为尤甚。且臣少仕伪朝，历职郎署，本图宦达，不矜名节。今臣亡国贱俘，至微至陋，过蒙拔擢，宠命优渥，岂敢盘桓，有所希冀！但以刘日薄西山，气息奄奄，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。臣无祖母，无以至今日，祖母无臣，无以终余年，祖孙二人，更相为命，是以区区不能废远。臣密今年四十有四，祖母刘今年九十有六，是臣尽节于陛下之日长，报刘之日短也。乌鸟私情，愿乞终养。 臣之辛苦，非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知，皇天后土，实所共鉴，愿陛下矜愍愚诚，听臣微志，庶刘侥幸，保卒余年。臣生当陨首，死当结草。臣不胜犬马怖惧之情，谨拜表以闻。 Li Mi: Memorial Expressing My Feelings Translated by David R. Knechtges Your servant Mi states: Because of a parlous fate, I early encountered grief and misfortune. When I was an infant of only six months my loving father passed away. When I was four my mother's brother forcedForced my mother to remarry against her will. Grandmother Liu took pity on this weak orphan and personally cared for me. When young, I was often sick, and at nine I could not walk. Solitary and alone I suffered until I reached adulthood. I not only had no uncles, I also had no brothers. Our family was in decline, our blessings were few, and thus only late in life have I had offspring. Outside the household, I have no close relatives whom I can mourn; inside, I have not even a boy servant to watch the gate. All alone I stand, my body and shadow console each other. Grandmother Liu long has been ill and is constantly bedridden. I serve her medicinal brews, and I have never abandoned her or left her side. When I came into the service of this Sage Dynasty, I bathed in your pure transforming influence. First Governor Kui sponsored me as Filial and Pure. Later Inspector Rong recommended me as a Flourishing Talent. But because there was no one to care for grandmother, I declined and did not take up the appointment. An edict was especially issued appointing me Palace Gentleman. Not long thereafter I received imperial favour and was newly appointed Aide to the Crown Prince. I humbly believe that for a man as lowly and insignificant as I to be deemed worthy of serving in the Eastern Palace is an honour I could never requite you for even by giving my life. I informed you of all the circumstances in a memorial, and I again declined and did not go to my post. Your edict was insistent and stern, accusing me of being dilatory and disrespectful. The commandery and prefectural authorities tried to pressure me and urged me to take the road up to the capital. The local officials approached my door with the speed of shooting stars and fiery sparks. I wanted to comply with your edict and dash off to my post, but Grandmother Liu's illness daily became more grave. I wished temporarily to follow my personal desires, but my pleas was not granted. Whether to serve or retire truly was a great dilemma! I humbly believe that this Sage Dynasty governs the empire by means of filial piety, and that all among the aged and elderly still receive compassion and care. How much more needful am I whose solitary suffering has been especially severe! Moreover, when young I served the false dynasty, and I have moved through the various gentleman posts. I originally planned to become illustrious as an official, but I never cared about my reputation and character. Now I am a humble captive of a fallen state. I am utterly insignificant and unimportant, but I have received more promotions than I deserve, and your gracious charge is both liberal and generous. How would I dare demur, with the hope of receiving something better? However, I believe that Grandmother Liu, like the sun going down, is breathing her last breaths. Her life has reached a precarious, delicate stage, and one cannot predict in the morning what will happen in the evening. Without grandmother I would not be alive today. Without me grandmother will not be able to live out her remaining years. Grandmother and grandson have depended upon one another for life. Thus, simply because of my own small, selfish desires I cannot abandon or leave her. I am now in my forty-fourth year, and Grandmother Liu is now ninety-six. Thus, I have a long time in which to fulfill my duty to Your Majesty, and only a short time in which to repay Grandmother Liu for raising me. With all my filial devotion, I beg to be allowed to care for her to her final days. My suffering and misery are not only clearly known by the men of Shu and the governors of the two provinces , they have been perceived by August Heaven and Sovereign Earth. I hope Your Majesty will take pity on my naive sincerity and will grant my humble wish, so that Grandmother Liu will have the good fortune to preserve the remaining years of her life. While I am alive, I shall offer my life in your service. When dead, I shall knot a clump of grass for you. With unbearable apprehension, like a loyal dog or horse, I respectfully present this memorial to inform you of my feelings.
今天听 龙应台的视频，当听到她说道：到现在才明白 ， 父亲在我十二三岁时候，常把我叫到跟前，让背《陈情表》，原来是他思念自己的母亲 （原意，非原话） 我很 难 真切领会那种经历过大江大海的苦难岁月的人的内心世界，但这一句朴实的话，令我非常感动！ 以前，我看过多次《陈情表》，坦率说，没有深切感受，充其量是感慨李密文采不错，政治智慧深邃。因为我们的很多资料，甚至教材都是这样说明 李密 为了达到自己的目的，除了在孝字上大作文章外，还以巧妙的抒情方式，来打动晋武帝 。然而，今天，听了龙应台先生讲她的《大江大海》，讲她花很大力气去寻访那些经历过那段岁月的老人们，讲在残酷的没有人性的战争环境中，普通人们受到的灭绝人性的遭遇，听她说她的父亲在读《陈情表》时，泣不成声，我莫名地感动了 所以，我重新翻出《陈情表》，用心再读几次。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 臣密言： 臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶，生孩六月，慈父见背，行年四岁，舅夺母志。祖母刘愍臣孤弱，躬亲抚养。臣少多疾病，九岁不行，零丁孤苦，至于成立。既无叔 伯，终鲜兄弟，门衰祚薄，晚有儿息。外无期功强近之亲，内无应门五尺之僮，茕茕孑立，形影相吊。而刘夙婴疾病，常在床蓐，臣侍汤药，未曾废离。 逮奉圣朝，沐浴清化。前太守臣逵，察臣孝廉；后刺史臣荣，举臣秀才。臣以供养无主，辞不赴命。诏书特下，拜臣郎中，寻蒙国恩，除臣洗马。猥以微贱，当 侍东宫，非臣陨首所能上报。臣具以表闻，辞不就职。诏书切峻，责臣逋慢；郡县逼迫，催臣上道；州司临门，急于星火。臣欲奉诏奔驰，则刘病日笃，欲苟顺私 情，则告诉不许。臣之进退，实为狼狈。 伏惟圣朝以孝治天下，凡在故老，犹蒙矜育，况臣孤苦，特为尤甚。且臣少仕伪朝，历职郎署，本图宦达，不矜名节。今 臣亡国贱俘，至微至陋，过蒙拔擢，宠 命优渥，岂敢盘桓，有所希冀！ 但以刘日薄西山，气息奄奄，人命危浅，朝不虑夕。臣无祖母，无以至今日，祖母无臣，无以终余年，祖孙二人，更相为命，是以区 区不能废远。臣密今年四十有四，祖母刘今年九十有六，是臣尽节于陛下之日长，报刘之日短也。乌鸟私情，愿乞终养。 臣之辛苦，非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知，皇天后土，实所共鉴。愿陛下矜愍愚诚，听臣微志。庶刘侥幸，保卒余年。臣生当陨首，死当结草。臣不胜犬马 怖惧之情，谨拜表以闻。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 我忽然想李密为什么 臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶 ？为什么从李密那个久远的年代到今天，依然有太多的人 夙遭闵凶呢？ 是他命苦吗？说实在话，这个问题两年以前，我绝不会问的出来，但这两年我一直在想这个问题，我们的苦难为什么在延续？ 我不了解龙应台本人，但只凭她可以那般认真竭力地去完成《大江大海》这部作品，我对她敬佩有加。我不知道大陆有什么人做过类似的工作。她的超越政治主张，对生灵平等对待，尊重人性的态度，更令人起敬。 我没有读她的作品，所以无法了解其观点。大概看了下网上的声音，褒贬都有。这似乎是合理的情形。一部反应历史的作品不可能不受到批评质疑甚至反对。特别是中国。 中国总喜欢拿美国内战和我们自己的内战比较。然而，我们却不愿意比较我们和美国人战后如何对待对手。好奇之下，我摘录一段President Ford对 General Robert E. Lee 的评价： ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lee's dedication to his native State of Virginia charted his course for the bitter Civil War years, causing him to reluctantly resign from a distinguished career in the United States Army and to serve as General of the Army of Northern Virginia. He, thus, forfeited his rights to U.S. citizenship . Once the war was over, he firmly felt the wounds of the North and South must be bound up. He sought to show by example that the citizens of the South must dedicate their efforts to rebuilding that region of the country as a strong and vital part of the American Union. In 1865, Robert E. Lee wrote to a former Confederate soldier concerning his signing the Oath of Allegiance , and I quote: This war, being at an end, the Southern States having laid down their arms, and the questions at issue between them and the Northern States having been decided, I believe it to be the duty of everyone to unite in the restoration of the country and the reestablishment of peace and harmony .... As a soldier, General Lee left his mark on military strategy . As a man , he stood as the symbol of valor and of duty . As an educator , he appealed to reason and learning to achieve understanding and to build a stronger nation . The course he chose after the war became a symbol to all those who had marched with him in the bitter years towards Appomattox. General Lee's character has been an example to succeeding generations, making the restoration of his citizenship an event in which every American can take pride. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 李密的《陈情表》历经千年依然刺痛着今人的心，今人的解读或许也刺痛李密的心 如若千年后的今天，我们依然在重复着 亡国贱俘，至微至陋，过蒙拔擢，宠 命优渥，岂敢盘桓，有所希冀 的念头， 臣以险衅，夙遭闵凶 恐还可以重复昨天的故事
标签: 陈情表
