【宝贝小女儿被耶鲁录取了，俺领导同意把原来不准发表的关于女儿的博文发出来。她要学法律， 所以Early decision application 就申请耶鲁。】 这其实也是2014年的事啦。说了儿子，也得说说女儿，免得说偏心。其实女儿跟老爸更粘，用奶奶的话说：一见他爸，嗲得豆腐都咬不动。 美国东北部，以波士顿为中心，有十来所著名的，与美国基本同龄的寄宿高中，即所谓贵族学校。 这些学校条件环境极好，与常春藤大学 关系 密切，约~20%的毕业生被哈佛耶鲁普林斯顿等录取，其余也大多进入美国一流大学。 美国的大多数达官贵人家族，包括大部分美国 总统，都是这些学校的校友。进入近代，世界各国中学生都以进入这些学校为荣。 由于在世界各国施教、推广肖氏手术；国内协和医院的泌外主任和所长职位又坚辞不掉还要逼你报院士；又在上海等地筹建私人医院；每天几乎都在倒时差，太累，和家人相聚太少。2007年底我决定完全辞去NYU faculty 职位，在圣诞节学校放假第二天，携妻将子回到中国。 女儿从小聪明。美国从小学三年级起每年的全国爱荷华统考，她总是99 percentile【成绩优于99%的全部考生】，我怕女孩太聪明会太辛苦，只希望宝贝女儿童年幸福、一生幸福，从不准给她任何课外补习，除了游泳、钢琴和芭蕾。游泳是锻炼身体，钢琴是看她是否遗传了一点他爸的音乐才能（俺的歌唱够科学网好声音水平）；学芭蕾是因为她妈 年轻时 舞蹈不错， 还是大学艺术体操队的，但她妈的老队友悄悄看了俺女儿跳舞后说：这是她爸的孩子，不是你的。于是， 芭蕾班也取消了。 虽然我们从不鼓励女儿争强好胜，每晚9点必须睡觉，但她的每门成绩一直名列前茅；还是校游泳队，经常香港、泰国、新加坡等地比赛；参加国际初中学生辩论赛还得第一名。她还和老爸成立了个公司：Tiss Mom Company，自任CEO，主要业务就是和老爸联手，挖空心思讽刺、挖苦、作弄她老妈。这不挺好？可是，9年级开学时 （美国高一），她发现她唯一的竞争对手考到美国上寄宿学校去了。她对她妈讲：你们知道 美国 这些学校吗？我也要去。 我们哪会不知道？舍不得13~4岁的宝贝女儿这么早单飞而已，反正哈佛耶鲁总会有她个位置。但女儿已从前十名私立寄宿学校中选好了5所，我们能做的就是用信用卡付申请费。 可恶的是这些学校比申请哈佛耶鲁还麻烦。你要孩子写什么：你为什么要申请我校？这说得过去；但居然要求父母也要写：你为什么希望你孩子考我们学校。拜托！！！我希望了吗？是孩子希望我没办法！我本来英语就差劲，成天被女儿挖苦：NYU Prof.'s English？这还不得不像刚到美国写NIH基金那样绞尽脑汁的写，5篇啊！又不敢像方舟子那样抄袭。 更可恶的是，学校经过初审后，择优通知面试，不但面试学生，还要面试父母！我可一直都是面试别人，几十年没被别人面试过了（在共产党监狱里被警察面试不算）。 我们把面试选在13年圣诞节前一周，但一到纽约就碰到美东大暴风雪，I-95高速只剩一条车道，只好租了辆四轮驱动SUV一路北上逐校面试。为了让那些贵族学校的面试官觉得俺也挺贵族，一概西装领带衬衣，零下10~20度哇！俺创造性地在衬衣里赤膊穿了两件开司米毛衣。 后来，四所录取，一所wait list。女儿还对wait list那家岔岔不平，我说该知足啦。这几家在中国总共才招了几个。平心而论，这些学校都差不多，都太好了。女儿选了她最喜欢的、而不是出总统最多的那所。 入校后，尽管是新生，女儿立即强势挤入debate team 和 游泳队。这种学校学生基本都是尖子，一个学期下来，女儿还是毫无悬念地成为First Honor Role student. 在美国各种辩论赛和，总是得第一第二。去年，她入选美国队参见 全球各国1700多高中生参加的世界辩论大赛，也得了冠军。 女儿非常开心，非常喜欢这学校、喜欢这更高的平台。当然，最初几周，周末晚上不忙了（她们每周上6天课，周末也总有各种比赛、活动）就想爸爸妈妈了，到底才14岁的孩子，看着视频里瘪着嘴哭的宝贝，心里可难受。但想想触龙说赵太后的故事，还是这样对孩子有益。现在好啦，成了爸妈求她视频：-） 遗憾的是，女儿声明：决不学医。 “Why？” 我不认为我能在医学上超越你。 So, I don't want to be marked as Dr. CG Xiao's daughter forever. OK. T hen what's your career plan? I will be The President of USA, or marry a President of USA. Then you can live with me in White House, westwing. 哇，当美国总统的爹！想想都高兴！但是宝贝：美国总统必须至少40岁才够格参选。。。老爸明天一定开始跑步，锻炼身体！ 亲爱的上帝， 请保佑我的宝贝女儿健康快乐，心想事成！
作者：蒋迅 这张照片上有两位美国总统，知道他们是谁吗？ Source: U.S. National Archives 这张照片摄于1963年7月24日。一群来自阿肯色州参加美国“少年男生生全国代表大会”（Boys Nation Convention）代表大会的代表了在白宫见到了美国总统。没想到30年后，其中的一名当上了美国总统。
阅读原文» 在一个简短的15分钟演讲中，美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马支持同行评审过程应保持独立性。4月29日，奥巴马在美国国家科学院（National Academy of Sciences）150周年庆祝年会上，面对着精英研究人员进行了这一演说。 “为了保持优势地位，我们必须保护严格的同行评审体系。”奥巴马说。他的观点随着一份新的法律草案接踵而至，该法案正由美国众议院科学委员会主席、来自得克萨斯州的共和党人 Lamar Smith 主持讨论。 新法案将详细检查美国国家科学基金会（NSF）经费支持项目的同行评审 ，并要求NSF主管保证所有资助项目都有益于美国经济或公共健康。 Smith 的努力伴随着最近一连串对科学基金和同行评审体系的攻击，其中包括俄克拉何马州参议员 Tom Coburn 提出的2013年开支法案，该法案要求NSF主管保证其资助的所有政治学研究对国家安全或经济有重要作用。 演讲中，奥巴马还谈到要维护 NSF 对社会科学资金的控制权。“在过去4年中，我尽力去做的事情，以及在未来4年中将继续做的事情之一，就是确保我们在不断促进科学过程的诚信。”他说，“不仅在物理学和生命科学领域如此，在心理学、人类学、经济学、政治学，以及其他此类科学领域亦然。” 允许政治家涉及到科学决策中，是一个“灾难性”的决定，美国国家科学院前院长 Bruce Alberts 说。他认为，当人们不想政府卷入经济领域时，支持政府参与选择科学界的赢家和输家是一种讽刺。 科罗拉多大学气象学家 Akkihebbal Ravishankara 也同意拨款过程应保持独立性。“如果能保持科学无政治意义，可能确实是好事。”他说。 查看视频： 150th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences
每一个美国总统提出了一个大的科学计划 - 为经济收益的国家战略 对于科学研究人员 , 美国旗舰总裁 , 什么是迷人的，当然，是白宫的科学政策。它是一个纯美国总统管理的传统发挥？可能还不止这些，白宫的科学政策是一个为经济收益的国家战略。 从历史上看，每一个美国总统提出了一个大的科学计划 : 约翰·肯尼迪，这一代人的登月计划。 理查德·尼克松，对癌症的战争 罗纳德·里根的“星球大战” 乔治·布什，脑的十年 比尔·克林顿，人类基因组计划 乔治· W ·布什，全球变暖的“京都议定书”，反恐战争 奥巴马 , “ 大脑活动地图项目 ” （打破人工智能），绿色能源 经济收益的国家战略 ? 例如： 特别是自奥巴马指出，在绘制人类基因组中每投入 1 美元，导致了惊人的 140 美元的新经济活动。 现在 很多家庭使用的尿布，它原来的目的是为宇航员登月计划的项目的一部分。 克林顿：“我认为人类基因组计划将可能是在 20 世纪的最重要的科学发现，我认为它有确定的主要变种高的预测的所有种癌症和帕金森的和阿尔茨海默氏症和其他医疗问题。给母亲一个小的基因卡片带回家与他们的新生儿从医院，告诉他们自己的基因档案，并给他们的风险降到最低，最大限度地发挥他们的新生婴儿的优势。我认为这将导致相当预期寿命超过九十年在卫生系统具有良好的国家。 了解人类大脑是如何工作的，我们将在不久的将来在某些时候，可以从根本上改变它的结构，重新安排一些神经通路。如果我们知道如何记忆，我们也许能够下载新的记忆在我们的大脑。如果我们理解语言处理是如何工作的，我们也许能够把外语知识在我们的大脑就像一个系列的软件升级。库日韦尔在他的新书中，包括了一些有趣的新技术，使得这一切成为可能的指数增长图表记录。各指数计算的潜力增加，出现了新的机遇。在某些时候，我们将高度智能的思维机器能够改变我们的计算机。从现在开始，我们可以回头看看早期的人工情报收集工作，之前的时代，大脑的活动地图，并查看 IBM 的沃森超级计算机的计算相当于教室里傻瓜。 至少在短期内，最有可能的结果，是全国领先的高科技公司将使用这个新的知识，大脑活动地图让我们在我们的日常生活更聪明。 您可以继续列表填写许多许多好处，为公众宣传科普。 At the heart of science is an essential balance between two seemingly contradictory attitudes--an openness to new ideas, no matter how bizarre or counterintuitive they may be, and the most ruthless skeptical scrutiny of all ideas, old and new. This is how deep truths are winnowed from deep nonsense. -- Carl Sagan
奥巴马昨晚还准备了败选演讲稿， 今晚就可以睡罗姆尼的太太了！命啊 看报道，奥巴马赢了！但是他承认自己准备了败选的讲演稿。他说：“ 你总是要做两篇讲演稿的准备，因为你不能把所有事情都想当然。 ”奥巴马也对罗姆尼的表现表示祝贺。奥巴马说 ：“我想我们都会有一个美好的夜晚。” 呵呵！而罗姆尼在总统揭晓前一天晚上，还踌躇满志，非常自信地对老婆说 ：“太太，明天晚上你就能跟美国总统睡觉了！” 奥巴马胜选。老婆问罗姆尼：“你看今晚我到白宫去睡呢，还是叫奥巴马到咱家里来？” 罗姆尼： 以下才是正题： 奥巴马连任胜选演讲稿全文【双语阅读】 2012年美国大选结果于当地时间7日凌晨出炉。奥巴马获得303张选举人票，击败对手罗姆尼，成功连任。虽然美国经济自金融危机以来仍未完全实现复苏，但失业率已经显著下降。凭借个人魅力、拯救汽车业、通过医改法案、结束伊拉克战争、制定从阿富汗撤军时间表、击毙本·拉登等突出政绩，奥巴马成功击败罗姆尼。之后，奥巴马发表胜选演讲，感谢副手拜登、夫人米歇尔、两个女儿和自己的竞选团队。“国家前进是因你们的努力。作为一个国家，好日子还在后头。我要感谢每个参与选举的美国人。不管你支持我还是罗姆尼，你们都发出了自己心声。” “Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. 谢谢，非常感谢各位。 Tonight more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward. It moves forward because of you. It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the heightsof hope. The belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people. 今晚，是在一个曾经的殖民地在赢得自己主权200多年之后，我们来到这里，不断前行，这主要是因为你们坚信这个国家能够实现永恒的希望，实现移民的梦想。每一个人都可以独立的争取自己的未来，我们将会作为一个国家共同起落。 Tonight in this election, you, the American people, remind us while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that the united states of America – the best is yet to come. 今晚，在选举的过程当中，你们——美国的人民，让我们记得我们的道路是非常艰辛的，我们的道路是漫长的，我们重新站了起来，我们也从内心知道，美国还没有迎来最好的时代。 I want to thank every American who participated in this election Whether you voted for the very first time or waiting in line for a very long time. By the way, we need to fix that. Whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone. Whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you mad your voice heard. And you made a difference. I just got off the phone with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign. 我想要感谢每一个参与选举的美国人。无论你们是第一次投票，还是(排队)等了很长的时间才投上一票——顺便说一下我会解决这个问题。无论你是自己上门投的票，还是打电话投的票；无论你是投给奥巴马的人，还是投给罗姆尼的人，你都是为我们国家带来转变的力量。我刚刚同罗姆尼通过电话，我祝贺他们这次竞选所取得的成绩。 We may have fought fiercely, but it’s only because we love this country deeply. And we care so stronly about its future. 我们的选战也许非常激烈，但这正是因为我们深爱着这个国家，并且我们十分在意它的未来。 From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to Americans through public service. And that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight. In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward. I want to thank my friend and partner for the last four years, America’s happy warrior, the best vice president anybody could ever hope for: Joe Biden. 从罗姆尼整个家庭，孙子辈，孩子辈，整个家庭都献给了美国，这种精神我们将永远铭记。几周之后我将会同罗姆尼坐在一起，讨论我们怎么样推动国家未来的发展。我也感谢在过去四年辛苦奉献的搭档，也是美国最好的副总统，拜登先生。 I want to thank my friend and partner of the last 4 years, America’s happy warrior, the best Vice President anyone could ever hope for: Joe Biden. And I wouldn’t be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me twenty years ago. Let say this publicly, Michelle I have never loved you more. I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you too as our nation’s first lady. 我(之所以)成为现在的我，必须要感谢20年前与我结婚的女人。我想公开地表达：米歇尔，我从来没有像现在这样爱你！我为你感到非常非常的骄傲，我相信我们的国家也非常爱你，你是我们非常热爱的美国第一夫人。 Sasha and Malia before our very eyes you are growing up to become two strong smart beautiful young women, just like your mom. And im so proud of you guys. But I will say that for now one dog is probably enough. 萨莎和玛莉亚，我挚爱的女儿，你们两个是非常坚强也非常聪明的女性，就像你们的母亲一样，我对你们感到非常的骄傲，但是目前我觉得给你们养一条宠物狗就够了。 To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics. The best. The best ever. Some of you were this time around. Some of you were new this time around and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning but all of you are family. No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together and you will have the life long appreciation of a grateful president. Thank you for believing all the way, through every hill, through every valley. You lifted me up the whole way and I will always be grateful for everything that you’ve done and all the incredible work that you’ve put in. 我还要感谢我的竞选团队和志愿者，他们是最好的，最棒的，而且是史上最棒的。有些人是第一次来听我的演说，有些人四年前就听了我的获胜演说，但是每个人对我来讲都是我的一分子，不管你做了什么，不管你去了哪里，你一定会记得我们今天晚上所创的历史，你会一生都感激今晚这个时刻，而且你们会一直记得有一个心怀感激的总统，谢谢你们一路以来对我的信任，我要感谢你们所做的每一件事情。正是因为有了你们，我才会一路坚持下来。我对此将永远感谢，不管你做的什么，你们所做的一切我都心怀感激，并且永远鸣谢。 I know that political campaigns can sometime seem small, even silly, and that provides plenty of fodder for the synics who tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests. But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turn out at rallies and crowded out along a ropline in a high school gym or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you’ll discover something else; you’ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who is working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity. 我知道这些政治竞选，可能有时候看起来非常愚蠢，而且我们也听到很多人跟我们讲政治有的时候十分愚蠢，可能他只是利益的追求和冲突，但是如果你们真的有机会去和竞选活动上和人们谈论一些问题，或者你看到一些竞选团队，非常辛勤工作的志愿者们，你们的印象会有所改观，因为你能够看到他们有多大的决心。他们也从大学毕业，并希望每一个孩子得到像他们一样的机会。 You’ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who is going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift. You’ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who is working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country every has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home. That’s why we do this. That’s what politics can be. That’s why elections matter. It’s not small, it’s big. It’s important. Democracy in a nation of 300-million can be noisy and messy and complicated. We have our own opinions, each of us has deeply held beliefs. And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country; it necisarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy. 大家会听到志愿者骄傲的声音，当他们看到当地的汽车生产商增加了就业的机会，他们会感到非常的骄傲。大家也会看到我们军人深深的爱国情意，他们守护着美国的安全，我们将保证他们回国之后不会再为找工作而烦恼。这就是我们现在所做的一切，这就是我们政治的目的，这也是为什么选举如此重要。这并不是小事情，而是大事情，是至关重要的事情。我们这个拥有3亿人口的国家，民主的情绪可能十分复杂，可能十分混乱，每个人可能都有自己的观点，每个人都有自己深深的信仰，在我们经历艰难时刻，做出艰难抉择时，我们很自然会有冲突，会有情感的表达，但是我认为它不应当影响我们今晚的表现。 That won’t change after tonight and it shouldn’t . These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty. We can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter The chance to cast their ballots like we did today. 这些争论正是我们自由的基础，我们永远不会忘记我们说话的时候，许多国家的人民仍然在冒着风险，希望能够找到解决问题的方法，希望能够争取投票的权利。 But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America’s future. We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers. A country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation; with all the good jobs and new businesses that follow, to live in America that isn’t burdened by debt, that isn’t weakened by inequality. That isn’t threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet. We want to pass on a country that is saved and respected and admired around the world. A nation that is defended by the strongest military on earth and the best troops this world has ever known. But also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a peace. That is built on the promise of dignity of every human being. 尽管我们有很多的分歧，大多数人都对美国有共同的希望，我们都希望我们的孩子能够上最好的学校，有最好的老师；我们的国家成为技术以及创新方面的领袖，并且创造更多的就业岗位和更多的企业。我希望我们的孩子不是负债累累，不会受到恐怖力量的威胁。我们也希望我们的国家是安全的，在全球受到尊重和羡慕，并且拥有全世界最强大、最优秀的军队。同时我们的国家也应该是充满信心的国家，结束战争，重塑人类的和平。 We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America, open to the dreams of an immigrants daughter that studies in our schools and pledges to our flag. To the young boy on the south side of Chicago, who sees a light beyond the nearest street corner. To the furniture workers child in North Carolina who wants to become a engineer or a scientist. And engineer or an entrepreneur. A diplomat or even a president, that’s the future we hope for. That’s the vision we share, that’s where we need to go. Forward. That’s where we need to go. 与此同时我们也希望自己的国家，有信心，并且能够不断推动每个人的自由、繁荣和发展，我们相信美国的慷慨和包容，美国的自由和开放，我们将伸开双手迎接那些移民的子女来到美国。我们相信在芝加哥任何一个孩子都可以看到他的希望，在北卡州那些想要成为科学家和医生的学生，想要成为工程师，甚至是总统的学生，这是我们共同要争取的未来，这是我们共同分享的愿景，这也是我们前进的方向。 Now we will disagree sometimes fiercely on how to get there, as it has for more then two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts, it’s not always a straight line or a smooth path. By itself a recognition of our common hopes and dreams won’t end the gridlock. Or solve all our problems or substitute for the hard work of building consensus. And making the difficult compromises needed to move the country forward but that common bond is where we must begin. Our economy is recovering, our decade of war is ending. A long campaign is now over. And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you. I have learned from you and you have made me a better President. With your stories and your struggles, I returned to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead 我们有的时候会对于怎么样向前进有非常强烈的分歧，200年来，大家知道我们的进步一直不是直线的，也不是一帆风顺，我们伴随着很多分歧和不同。我们意识到我们有着共同的梦想，将会使我们结束僵局，努力的促成问题的解决。我们需要妥协，需要使我们国家的继续向前进，这样一种团结的力量是我们现在出发的基础。我们的经济正处于复苏期间，我们十年的战争也已经结束，我们的竞选也已经将告尾声，无论我是否赢得了你们的选票，我都倾听了你们的声音，我都从你们那里学到了很多东西，你们将会使我成为更好的总统。我将会记得你们的故事，你们的抗争，我将会更坚定的入主白宫，并且更坚定的完成未来的工作。 Tonight, you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together: reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil, we’ve got more work to do. 今晚，大家是为行动而不是为政治而投票，希望我们能够更关注你们的工作，而不是我的工作。在今后的几周，我将会与两党领袖会面应对我们的挑战，我们只能够共同应对挑战，减少我们的赤字，改善我们的移民体系，减少对外国石油的依赖，我们有很多工作要做。 But that doesn’t mean your work is done. The role of citizen in our democracy does not end with your vote. America’s never been about what could be done for us, it’s about what can be done by us, together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self-government. That’s the principle we were founded on. 但是这不意味着你们的工作就结束了，在民主社会当中公民的作用并不因为投票而结束，你们一定要问问自己，不是美国能为你们做什么，而是我能为美国做什么，我们要进行自我治理，自我约束，这是我们的原则，也是我们建国的理念。 This country has more wealth than any nation, but that’s not what makes us rich. We have the most powerful military in history but that’s not what makes us strong. Our university, our culture, are all the envy of the world but that’s not what keeps the world coming to our shores. What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared, that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and the future generations so that the freedom so many Americans have fought for and died for comes with responsibilities as well as rights, and among those are love, and charity, and duty and patriotism. That’s what makes America great. 我们这个国家是世界上最富有的国家，但并不是我们每个人富有，虽然我们的军队十分强大，但我们个人并不强大，我们的大学、我们的文化，虽然是全球最优秀的，但是却并不是说我们就是全球最优秀的。因为我们是一个多民族的国家，多样性的国家，但是在这样多样性的国家当中，我们有共同的愿景和共识。如果我们推卸责任，不为子孙后代负责，我们将不会是一个能够前进的国家。我们要承担我们的责任，热爱我们的国家，这也是使美国强大的原因。 I am hopeful tonight because I have seen that spirit at work in America. I’ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors, and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job. I’ve seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb, and in those SEALS who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew their was a buddy behind them watching their back. I’ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm. 我今天晚上充满了希望，因为我看到美国劳动人民的精神，还看到了那些商业人士所做的工作，提供了很多工作机会，而且我还看到那些失业的人民得到了帮助，我还看到战士们仍然守卫着我们的国家，因为他们也知道我们在支持着他们。我还看到新泽西纽约每个政党的领导人，都开始抛开他们的歧见，来探讨怎么从桑迪风暴中重建我们的家园。 And I saw it just the other day, in Mentor, Ohio wehre a father told the story of his eight-year-old daughter who’s long battle with leukemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for healthc are reform passing just a few months before. The insurance company was about to stop paying for her care. I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his, and when he spoke to the crowd listening to that father’ story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own. And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright. That’s who we are. That’s the country I’m so proud to lead as your president. 我们还看到，几天前，俄亥俄州一个父亲说他有一个八岁的女儿，女孩的白血病使他的家庭一贫如洗，他们之前并没有得到医疗保障，后来他们受利于几个月前刚刚通过的医改方案，使他们能够支付起医疗费。我和这位父亲，还有他的女儿都见面了，当他说的时候，在场所有的父母都落泪了，因为我们知道，他的女儿也可能是我们的女儿，我们都希望自己的孩子未来充满光芒，这是每个父母的希望，这是我身为总统引以为豪的。 And tonight, despite all the hardship we’ve been through, despite al lthe frustrations of Washington, I’ve never been more hopeful about our future. I’ve never been more hopeful about America. And I ask you to sustain that hope. I’m not talking about blind optimism. The kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path. I’m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight. I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside of us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching to keep working, to keep fighting . 今晚，尽管我们经历了这么多的困难，尽管我们经历了这么多的挫折，我对未来格外充满信心，我对美国格外充满希望，我希望大家延续这种希望，我这里讲的并不是盲目的乐观，指的是我们对未来的挑战，我也没有说天真或者理想化的乐观情绪，我真正的希望，不管我们遇到多少的挫折，多少的困难，只有我们有勇气保持不断努力、不断斗争，不断勇往直前。 America, I believe we can build on the progress we made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunity and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founder. The idea that if you’re willing to work hard, it doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love, it doesn’t matter if you’re black or white or Hispanic or asian, or native American, or young or old, or rich or poor, able, disabled, gay or straight, you can make it. 我相信我们我们能在取得成就的基础上取得新的机会，为美国的中产阶级提供新的希望，我相信我们能够继续延续我们建国者的承诺，不管你来自哪里，不管你的肤色是什么，不管你是黑人、白人、亚裔人，任何种族，不管你是同性恋，还是非同性恋，不管你是贫困的，还是富裕的，你都可以来到美国实现你的梦想。 I believe we can sieze this future together. Because we are not as divided as our politics suggest. We’re not as cynical as the pundents believe. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions. And we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states. We are and forever will be the United States of America. With your help and God’s grace, we will continue our journey forward. And remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on Earth.Thank you, America. God bless you. God bless these United States.” 我相信，我们可以共同迎来这样的未来，因为我们对未来是充满了希望，我们有雄心壮志，我们赢得的不仅仅是这一个选举，而且是一个未来，是美国的未来。我们将会作为一个整体，是美利坚合众国，而不是分成蓝色或者是红色，上帝会引导我们走向这条道路。并且我们相信，我们会成为世界上最伟大的国家，谢谢你们，上帝保佑美国！
历届美国总统科学顾问（主任） 李 侠 最近一直在思考朋友们商定的一个问题，免不了查阅一些资料，这期间总会有一些收获，现摘录一些，作为资料储存。美国总统科学顾问实行已经七十余年的历史了，正式建制化则是 20 世纪 60 年代的事情。第一位美国总统科学顾问就是中国读者比较熟悉的万。布什，这老先生被称作美国科技政策之父，他最著名的报告就就是 1945 年提交给罗斯福总统的《科学无止境的前沿》，由于罗斯福的去世，这份报告要等到五年后，即 1950 年才被杜鲁门总统采纳。这份报告的一个可见后果就是国家科学基金的设立（ NSF ），不可见的成果就是重视基础研究，以此推动应用研究，这就是所谓的线性模式。现在美国奥巴马总统的首席科学顾问是约翰。霍顿，这哥们 1944 年出生，之前在美国哈佛大学肯尼迪学院担任椅子教授，他的主业是做环境政策研究的。这哥们大学是在 MIT 学习物理的， 1970 年在斯坦福大学获得博士学位。此后，在很多高校工作过，目前主要关注环境政策、技术政策等。有关这位老兄的业绩，感兴趣者可以自己去看。下面的表格就是历届美国总统的首席科学顾问。 President Name Term Franklin D. Roosevelt Vannevar Bush 1939–1951 Harry S. Truman Oliver E. Buckley 1951–1952 Harry S. Truman Lee A. DuBridge 1952–1953 Dwight Eisenhower Lee A. DuBridge 1953–1956 Dwight Eisenhower Isadore I. Rabi 1956–1957 Dwight Eisenhower James Killian 1957–1959 Dwight Eisenhower George Kistiakowsky 1959–1961 John F. Kennedy Jerome B. Wiesner 1961–1963 Lyndon B. Johnson Jerome B. Wiesner 1963–1964 Lyndon B. Johnson Donald F. Hornig 1964–1969 Richard Nixon Lee A. DuBridge 1969–1970 Richard Nixon Edward E. David Jr. 1970–1973 Gerald Ford H. Guyford Stever 1973–1977 Jimmy Carter Frank Press 1977–1981 Ronald Reagan Benjamin Huberman (acting) 1981 Ronald Reagan George A. Keyworth, II 1981–1985 Ronald Reagan John P. McTague (acting) 1986 Ronald Reagan Richard G. Johnson (acting) 1986 Ronald Reagan William Robert Graham 1986–1989 Ronald Reagan Thomas P. Rona (acting) 1989 George H. W. Bush D. Allan Bromley 1989–1993 Bill Clinton John H. Gibbons 1993–1998 Bill Clinton Kerri-Ann Jones (acting) 1998 Bill Clinton Neal F. Lane 1998–2001 George W. Bush Rosina Bierbaum (acting) 2001 George W. Bush Clifford Gabriel (acting) 2001 George W. Bush John H. Marburger III 2001–2009 Barack Obama John Holdren 2009–present 说明：文中图片就是奥巴马总统的科学顾问，约翰。霍顿教授，来自网络，没有任何商业目的，仅供欣赏，特此致谢！
见下： Good afternoon, Today, I was in Michigan. Yesterday, it was Colorado and Nevada. Before that, it was Iowa and Arizona. The day after I delivered my State of the Union Address to Congress, I took off to connect with ordinary Americans around the country, talk more about our Blueprint for an America Built to Last, and get some feedback. That's why I'm writing you. On Monday we're going to do something a little different. At 5:30 p.m. ET, I'll walk into the Roosevelt Room across the hall from the Oval Office, take a seat, and kick-off the first-ever completely virtual town hall from the White House. All week, people have been voting on questions and submitting their own, and a few of them will join me for a live chat. This is going to be an exciting way to talk about the steps that we need to take together at this make-or-break moment for the middle class. We have to foster a new era for American manufacturing -- rewarding companies for keeping jobs here at home and eliminating tax breaks for those who ship jobs overseas. We have to invest in homegrown energy in the United States -- starting with an all-out, all-of-the-above energy strategy that's cleaner, cheaper, and full of new jobs. We have to build an economy that works for everyone -- where every hard working American gets a fair shot, everyone does their fair share, and the rules are the same from top to bottom. I'm ready to get started, but I know you have questions and ideas for ways to help. So let's hear them. Thanks, President Barack Obama This email was sent to hzluan@163.com . Please do not reply to this email. The White House • 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW • Washington, DC 20500 • 202-456-1111 try{parent.JS.modules .content.setHeight();}catch(e){}
美国总统肯尼迪曾说：“不要问你的国家能为你做什么，问你能为国家做什么”（ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country）。 今天我们的时代可以说：“不但要问中国还有什么问题，而且要问你可以为中国解决什么问题” (ask not only what problems China has, but also what problems you can solve for China)。 （ 1 ）审稿人是上帝，不管是挖苦还是赞美你的工作，先虚心接受 , 来一句： Thank the reviewers for these precious comments and suggestions. （ 2 ）所有 comments ，必须一一响应： Point by point: comments and response (3) 当能容易满足审稿人要求时，必须尽量满足，补充实验，补充结果比较，补充文献参考，补充实验描述，补充各色各样的内容。 (4) 当根本无法满足审稿人要求时，比如要你比较算法性能，而你实在无法操作，你得说你已经努力的实施这个实验，但是因为很多的客观原因而无法实施，把过程和结果在报告里列出来，而且我已经在论文里 review 了相关于比较对象或者相似实验的论文给读者提供更多参考性意见，同时列举在 Responding Report 里，需要说明将来一旦可行了，必然完整进行这个实验。 (5) 当审稿人质疑你的模型和实验结果时，就需要旁征博引（其他文献），补充过程和实验细节，额外的在 Responding Report 里增加一些容易实现的实验结果来增强审稿人信心。 (6) 当审稿人需要你验证某些方法和结论时，而你无法说明的时候，除了补充一些引用说明外，还需要特别指出： This is an interesting open issue, and we will continue to …... 。 （ 7 ）当审稿人指出你的英文质量有问题时（发表了几十个文章，我还是经常被质疑）：需要在文章里尽量找错误，但是同时要在 response report 里一一列出来，使得审稿人认为你已经尽力了（我是中国人，洋文能看懂就可以了）。 （ 8 ）尽量把 revision part 一一列在 response report 里相应的地方，而不要让审稿人到文章中去找你修改的地方。 （ 9 ）尽量使得文章格式符合该期刊格式 （ 10 ）顶级期刊往往有多于 3 个审稿人，必须认真对待，留足够的修改时间， 1 年 1-2 个顶级期刊(专业前五，非NSC之类)发表足矣，就少费点心思在次点的期刊上吧，或者就放弃（这个需要等到了一定层次，呵呵）。 （ 11 ）字体一般 11 号和 1.5 倍行距刚好，大了或小了都感觉累，累了自然就给刁钻的 Judgement 了
最近我母亲与我们共同生活。但是，我们却发现她越来越糊涂了，老糊涂了。真是这样吗？是否果真罹患早老年性痴呆了？这的确令我们感到很沮丧。美国前总统里根就得了这种病，里根的夫人南希把守护丈夫的“事业”称为“漫长的告别。”但我母亲可不是美国总统，哪里有那么好的条件呢？不过，无论客观条件一样与否，病情却都是一样的。 我母亲也有80多岁了，自从我父亲过世以后，她似乎就没有从阴影中走出来。一般来说，伴侣过世三年，另一半也会从先前的悲痛中解脱出来。可是我母亲没有。不仅没有，而且还有加重的迹象。母亲患有较严重的抑郁症，心理医生拿她都没办法。我们也知道，抑郁症很难治愈。这就需要做小辈的格外耐心。虽然，觉得母亲有点儿像患了早老年痴呆症，但又觉得不像，究竟是什么原因呢？ 母亲一直在吃抗抑郁的药物，如舍曲林之类的。据说这都是首位的抗抑郁的药物了。但还是没有用，她不仅糊涂而且记忆力也越来越差。有的事情记得非常清楚，可是有的事情又一点儿也记不住了。这或许是早老年痴呆的初期表现吧。由于记性不好，让她的脾气变得非常焦躁，和她生气不得。母亲养育我们一生，该是我们回报的时候了，另外她还是病人，与她生气更是没有任何意义。所以，我们尽量都依着她的意愿。 后来，我在《纽约时报》上看到一篇文章：It Could Be Old Age, or It Could Be Low B12（也许是年纪大了，或许是缺少B12）。从那篇文章描述的主人公的情况来看，有许多地方与我母亲相类似。如果是缺B12而使她焦虑不安，那也许会好办。B12是人体一种必需的维生素，对发育和保持神经系统健康都是必须的。此外它对DNA及血细胞的生成也至关重要。严重的B12缺乏会导致贫血，贫血很容易查。但对于那些不是很缺乏B12的人而言，则会有肌肉无力、易疲劳、摇晃、步态不稳、大小便失禁、低血压、沮丧以及心情的紊乱，还有就是像记忆力下降这样的认知问题。 以前我们没有意识到这个问题，从看了这篇文章后，我们除了给老妈吃她平常的药之外，还加上了B12。最近一段时间，老妈的情况有些好转，但记忆力还是选择性的，对她有利的都能记住；对她不利的则不记得了。嗨，也不知老妈是故意的还是真病了。服用一段时间的B12试试吧。如果真的有效，那真是我们修来的福气了。
孔庆东教授在微博上以“三妈”问候了“汉奸媒体”对他的骚扰，一时间油锅入水般热闹起来，文匪们聚啸于近百家平面媒体，发起一波又一波围剿孔庆东教授的战役，大有炸平北大，停止地球转动之态势。 孔庆东所指的“汉奸媒体”被“冤枉”了吗？否也，越来越多的证据表明，境外的反共、反华群体站在了孔庆东教授的对立面一边（比如XX功的网站），就连“美国之音”之类的美国官方意识形态宣传工具也站出来参与围剿孔庆东教授。然而，高举民族主义大旗的孔庆东教授得到了广大网民，特别是青年网民的鼎力支持，几个参与围剿的媒体网站发起的所谓“投票”，以支持孔庆东教授者占绝对优势而灰溜溜地收场。 今天，又有一个重量级的人物在其演讲中为孔庆东教授的“三妈”问候对象坐实了证据，这位重量级人物就是前美国驻华大使、下届美国总统竞选人洪博培先生。 在一段美国广播公司CBS播出的总统候选人竞选辩论的视频中http://bbs.m4.cn/thread-3238793-1-1.html，洪博培发表了如下高论：So what should we be doing? We should be reaching out to our allies and constituencies within China. They're called the young people. They're called the internet generation. There are 500 million internet users in China. And 80 million bloggers. And they are bringing about change, the likes of which is gonna take China down. While we have an opportunity to go up and win back our economic manufacturing muscles. That's all I wanna do as president. 大意为：（对付中国）我们应该怎么做呢？我们应当依靠我们在中国内部的同盟军，他们被称为年轻人、他们被称为网络一代。中国有5亿网民和8千万博客（微博）。而他们将引导中国的变革。这意味着将扳倒中国（take China down），这样我们将有机会重新崛起，赢回美国制造业的强大，这将是我作为总统想做的。 洪博培说得何等的直白，何等地好啊，好就好在洪博培有力地证实了，美国一直着手在中国培植他们的同盟军，在与中国的国家竞争中成为从内部搞垮中国的别动队，换言之，成为出卖国家利益、出卖民族利益的汉奸。连节目的主持人都觉得洪博培太赤裸裸，连连打岔，但怎奈洪博培谈性大发，根本不予理会。 汉奸有多种，有为美军带路的带路党汉奸，比如公开在强国论坛喊为美军带路的疯疯汉奸；有为美国资本进入中国打开法律之门的经济汉奸，比如原商务部高管郭京毅等；还有为美国搞垮中国在意识形态上打先锋的文化汉奸，被孔庆东教授以“三妈”怒斥的就属此类。 当然，洪博培恐怕被少数汉奸误导了，以为中国的5亿网民、8千万博客的博主，都会在美国的“振臂一呼”时打起白旗去带路，但洪博培也是有底气的，因为洪博培包括美国总统奥巴马的确在中国找到过知音。 洪博培2009年7月被任命为美国驻华大使，2009年11月美国总统奥巴马访华，在奥巴马访华期间，发生了一件与今日围剿孔庆东教授不无关联的不大不小的事儿。奥巴马的随行新闻班子“钦点”了中国国内唯一的一家媒体“专访”奥巴马，这家媒体是——南方周末。 2009年11月18日的《南方周末》“深度”版，刊载了一则被“南方”们认为是里程碑的事件“奥巴马接受南方周末独家专访”（http://www.infzm.com/content/20091118.shtml），请注意，三个符号：奥巴马、“南方周末”、“独家”。报道配有《南方周末》主编向熹与奥巴马相对而坐，“促膝谈心”的大幅照片。 南方系的欢呼声顿时震耳欲聋，与当年跪在慈禧面前的李莲英、安德海之流的感激流涕毫无二致，《南都周刊》的主笔，笔名“石扉客”的，在自己的twitter写道：“向熹泪流满面”，这恐怕是“南方”同仁们共同的感受。不久，参与“独家”的另外一位“南方”同仁张哲，被评为南方报系的“2009年度记者”，再看评选理由：“（张哲）与向熹一起坐在奥巴马对面的那一刻，注定将载入报史甚至中国新闻史。…”，草民不禁想起电影中慈禧与李莲英的对白：慈禧：小李子，李莲英：喳。 今日再听到洪博培直抒心意的发言，事情不是很清楚了吗？那些因为受到奥巴马的宠信而“泪流满面”的，不就是洪博培口中的“our allies and constituencies within China.”（我们在中国内部的同盟军）吗？不就是美国要搞垮中国的时候要依靠的对象吗？世界上的事情就是这么巧，洪博培在任时，南方周末被奥巴马的恩泽进行了“独家专访”，激动得“泪流满面”。 南方系骚扰孔庆东教授被“三妈”侍候从而借机发起围剿孔庆东教授的时候，洪博培出来证实美国寄望于“在中国内部的同盟军”搞垮中国。今昔对比，两件事的关联度实在是紧密，这不是巧合，这是必然。“堡垒最容易从内部攻破”，这个道理大家都懂，孔庆东教授懂，南方系也明白。 南方系发动其伙伴们围剿孔庆东教授，焉知不是洪博培口中的“扳倒中国”战略的一部分，只有把影响青年人思想的爱国的、有影响力的孔庆东们扳倒，才能够更加肆无忌惮地成为美国在中国内部的同盟军。 奇怪的是，中国的主流媒体在报道这一消息的时候，把“同盟军”这一段隐藏了，突出了洪博培说其他对华强硬政客的“鲁莽”的段落。主流媒体对孔庆东教授如此在意，对洪博培要搞垮中国的说法却“视而不见”？事实一再证明，孔庆东教授骂对了，与所谓“道德”、“文明”无关，却事关国家、民族利益的大是大非，难道美国要搞垮中国，骂一句美国的同盟军都不行，这他妈还是一个主权国家吗？ http://bbs.m4.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthreadtid=3239696分享1收藏1顶2踩0
昨天晚上美国总统在国会演说公布以增进就业为中心的新一论经济刺激计划。刚好我在下午有安排好的有关iCubate2.0开放平台的讲座，我就修改了幻灯片（见图），说：“在今晚你们听总统演讲以前，我也想公布一下我们增进就业机会的宏伟计划。（下面听众大笑）” “我是07年秋天加入HudsonAlpha研究院的，在研究院的研究小组创造了3－5个就业机会。在这里研发出了arm-PCR多重PCR技术，以此为核心技术成立了两个公司（iCubate, iRepertoire)，又增加了十几个就业机会。iCubate公司与当地的几家公司合作，由Inergi帮我们做仪器的原型设计，由Microarray研制芯片，现在又有Sanmina做整机生产。这些都促进了当地的就业市场，创造了不少就业机会（至少避免了失业）。 现在，我们推出iCubate2.0开放平台，培养一批掌握mPCR新一代分子技术的研发人员，这又是全新的就业机会。产品在网上商店销售并进入国际市场。在此之前还有试剂评估公司，生产公司，和销售公司，都需要大量的新型高科技人才。都是未来的就业机会和新的经济增长点。 这张幻灯片最后我说：“If I stop here, I am already a good politician, but as an entrepreneur, we need to let action do the talking." 我接下去讲arm-PCR原理，和开放平台 软件的使用示范 。 一个星期前，我给UAB (University of Alabama at Birmingham)的生物技术系（硕士班）讲课，介绍了开放平台，现在他们全班20个同学被分成四组，分别为我们开发产品作为他们的毕业设计。我还答应从毕业班至少聘请一个优秀的试剂开发人员。十一月初，在UAH (University of Alabama at Huntsville)的生物技术系还有类似的讲座，也会有一批年轻的研发人员参与到新产品研发的队伍中来。 众人拾材火焰高，一个新的技术平台就好比是一个全新的大舞台，可是我们光搭戏台还不够，还要想方设法去找演员，找导演，然后还要去找具有欣赏力的观众。。。创新创业就是这样一天天干出来的。 总统的宏观政策，也要靠我们这些小企业去实现。其实，我们已经得到了不少美国政府的政策实惠。上次的经济刺激计划中有给高科技企业研发经费退税，我们公司就得到了二十多万美金。也使得我们能多雇用一两个研发人员。不知道这次的刺激计划是否还有我们的机会。
On Friday（2011.7.15） President Obama announced his intent to nominate Charles McConnell to serve as assistant secretary of the Department of Energy’s Office of Fossil Energy . This position is subject to Senate confirmation. Mr. McConnell currently serves the office as Chief Operating Officer. Below is Mr. McConnell’s biographical sketch provided by the White House . Charles McConnell, Nominee for Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Department of Energy Charles McConnell is the Chief Operating Officer in the Office of Fossil Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Prior to joining DOE in 2011, Mr. McConnell served as Vice President of Carbon Management at Battelle Energy Technology from 2009-2011, with responsibility for business and technology management. He previously spent 31 years with Praxair, Inc., in various positions in the U.S. and Asia, including as Global Vice President. Mr. McConnell has held a number of advisory positions including chairmanships of the Gasification Technologies Council and the Clean Coal Technology Foundation of Texas. He has served on the FutureGen Advisory Board in Texas, the Gulf Coast Carbon Center, TP Syngas Company, the Pittsburgh Coal Conference and the Coal Utilization Research Council. Mr. McConnell holds a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University and an M.B.A. in Finance from Cleveland State University.
文/李大光 近些年来，最惊人的科学事件大概就是克里格·文特尔所率领的团队的所谓“人造生命”的奇迹了。他们在2010年5月的Science杂志上宣布，将人工合成的染色体植入了细菌细胞,得到表达人工染色体的新支原体。一些支持者认为，这项生物技术有着巨大的潜能，比如创造出具有特殊功能的新微生物，用作替代石油和煤炭的绿色燃料，或用来帮助清除危险化学物质或辐射，或合成能帮助消除过多二氧化碳的细菌，从而缓解全球变暖问题等等。藻类生物燃料有时被环境学家称为“燃料藻”（oilgae），是一种对解决人类能源问题有巨大希望的技术。这种燃料是从与汽油、柴油和飞机燃料等石油产品具有同样分子结构的藻类提取出来的。 克里格·文特尔称自己“成功地发现了获得研究经费的独特方法”（ 《纽约时报》）。他获得经费的尝试是成立的“合成基因组”（ Synthetic Genomics）公司以获得研究合成生物的经费。文特尔的研究方向引起了美国总统和教皇的关注，同时也吸引了大量的投资。投资公司包括微软、埃克森石油公司、英国石油公司（BP）、马来西亚一家从事砾岩开发的公司以及墨西哥几家工业公司。在盖茨投资之前，“拱创业伙伴”（Arch Venture Partners）、维康基金会（Wellcome Trust）以及温洛克公司（Venrock companies）也投入了5千万美元。 藻可通过太阳光被转化为无碳能源，这是一个具有无限经济价值的技术。去年，每英亩藻每年可以转化2000加仑燃料，而棕榈树仅能产生650加仑，甘蔗仅仅能产生450加仑燃料，而玉米每年每英亩仅仅能生产出250加仑燃料。这对任何能源企业都是巨大的商机。就是在这种技术未来的感召力下，吸引了大量的工业界人士。最引人注目的就是三家公司：阿米里斯生物技术公司（Amyris Biotechnologies）、LS9、Codexis以及克里格·文特尔成立的“合成基因组公司”。为吸引投资创建他的基因组研究所（The Institute for Genomic Research），他成立了三个基金会：基因组促进基金会（The Center for the Advancement of Genomics, TCAG)、生物替代能源基金会（The Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives, IBEA)以及克里格·文特尔基金会（The J. Craig Venter Science Foundation）。 Time杂志认为：文特尔被“科学成果、成果发表以及学术地位承认，以及诺贝尔奖的诱惑”所驱使，“商业运作是获得科学结果的手段。” 无独有偶，斯坦福大学斯蒂文·奎克(Steven Quake)生物工程师，2010年6月份仅仅用了10万美元将个人基因图谱进行了解读。这是他在继文特尔用100万美金将DNA发现者詹姆斯·沃森的个人基因图谱解读后，费用最低的个人基因图谱解读。但是，这对于普通大众来说，价格还是有点贵。奎克研制出了世界上第一个“个人基因图谱解读器”，价格仅为48000美元。这个体积仅似一个大冰箱的机器，可以在4个星期之内对一个人的基因进行解读。这个机器的整个研制过程都是奎克自己掏钱进行的。他的成功震惊了世界。这意味着，只要有了这台机器，一个家族的基因可以得到解读，从而得知家族遗传病史和基因缺陷，通过干细胞移植进行治疗。 为了使个人基因图谱解读普及化，使所有的普通人都能够得到自己的基因图谱。美国“X Prize”基金会宣布，基金会将拿出1000万美元寻求技术突破，在2019年前将个人基因图谱解读成本下降到1000美元。这个计划正在进行中。无数的母亲和父亲为这个人类最大的生命技术将带来的幸福所感动。 那么，X Prize 基金会是个什么组织呢？它既不是政府组织也不是研究所，而是纯粹的NGO。这个基金会成立于1995年，主要目的是鼓励为了人类的福祉而进行的基础创新研究工作。基金会是非营利组织，主要工作是创办和进行世界范围内的大型国际奖励竞赛，以促进在研究和发展领域的投资。激励投资的主要领域有：教育和全球发展；能源与环境；生命科学；太空和海洋探索。世界上竟然有激励企业对科学技术进行投资的基金会，而且目前在壳牌的投资做保证的前提下，正在取得积极的进展。 科学技术的作用已经引起几乎所有政府的重视。政府正在逐步成为科学技术研究的主要投资方。但是，在发达国家，仍然存在多元的投资模式。除了政府投资以外，私人、慈善机构、企业等投资仍然占有巨大的比例。这些投资渠道弥补了政府投资必然会带来的忽略多元需要的倾向，在弥补科研缺口和在激励最初不受重视，没有预见前景的领域，以及在遭遇到伦理、政治或者某个领导人的偏见的时候，起到重要的作用。 波士顿谘询顾问公司（Boston Consulting Group，BCG）的调查显示，虽然增长步伐放缓，去年全球百万富翁家庭数增加了12.2%，达到1,250万。美国的百万富翁家庭最多，有520万，其次是日本拥有150万，中国有110万，英国有57万。在富翁越来越多的时候，中国也越来越成为世界上最大的奢侈品消费市场。中国不妨在鼓励企业或者有钱人向科技投资方面做一些有益的尝试。 注：本文节选自《科学时报》2011-06-23 A2 “克里格·文特尔的科研经费”。
U.S. President Barack Obama (L) and Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron (R) high-five as they play table tennis at Globe Academy in London May 24, 2011. 图片来自网络： http://english.sina.com/world/p/2011/0525/374850.html 为什么会这样？大英帝国经济萧条到此种程度了？山姆大叔难道没抱怨他们招待的档次不够？
我转载到这里，其实是想让我们的领导人，学学怎么演讲、怎样演讲、怎样发表一份让国民深受激励、充满期望、激情迸发、获益匪浅的演讲。 My fellow citizens: 我的同胞们： I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition. 今天我站在这里，看到眼前面临的重大任务，深感卑微。我感谢你们对我的信任，也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。 Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents. 迄今为止，已经有44个美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。在紧张的形势中，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，也在于美国人民对国家先驱者理想的信仰，以及对美国立国文件的忠诚。 So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans. 前辈们如此，我们这一代美国人也要如此。 That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our healthcare is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. 现在我们都深知，我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗，对手是影响深远的暴力和憎恨；国家的经济也受到严重的削弱，原因虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任，但更为重要的是我们作为一个整体在一些重大问题上决策失误，同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。我们的人民正在失去家园，失去工作，很多企业倒闭。社会的医疗过于昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望，而且每天都会有新的证据显示，我们利用能源的方式助长了我们的敌对势力，同时也威胁着我们的星球。 These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistic s. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. 统计数据的指标传达着危机的消息。危机难以测量，但更难以测量的是其对美国人国家自信的侵蚀--现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须低调的言论正在吞噬着人们的自信。 Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met. 今天我要说，我们的确面临着很多严峻的挑战，而且在短期内不大可能轻易解决。但是我们要相信，我们一定会度过难关。 On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. 今天，我们在这里齐聚一堂，因为我们战胜恐惧选择了希望，摒弃了冲突和矛盾而选择了团结。 On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievance s and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics. 今天，我们宣布要为无谓的摩擦、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的若干陈旧教条。 We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. 美国仍是一个年轻的国家，借用《圣经》的话说，放弃幼稚的时代已经到来了。重拾坚韧精神的时代已经到来，我们要为历史作出更好的选择，我们要秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利，秉承那种代代相传的高贵理念：上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由，以及每个人尽全力去追求幸福的机会。 show_a4_zone("Z3"); 挑战9月口译考试，你准备好了吗？ 奥巴马就职演讲稿（中英文对照） 奥巴马G20伦敦演讲现场（高清视频下载+文本） 奥巴马在林肯纪念堂的演讲（双语） 奥巴马复活节演讲（视频下载+文本） 奥巴马访弱势群体学校发表演讲（视频+文本） show_a4_zone("Z4"); 求职黄金季，你该如何跳？ In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labour, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom. 在重申我们国家伟大之处的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，伟大需要努力赢得。（我们的民族一路走来），这旅途之中从未有过捷径或者妥协，这旅途也不适合胆怯之人、或者爱安逸胜过爱工作之人、或者单单追求名利之人。这条路是勇于承担风险者之路，是实干家、创造者之路。这其中有一些人名留青史，但是更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅行，带领我们走向富强和自由。 For us, they packed up their few worldly possession s and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn. 为了我们，先辈们带着微薄的细软，横渡大洋，寻找新生活；为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作，定居他乡；为了我们，先辈们奔赴（独立战争中的）康科德城和葛底斯堡、（二战中的）诺曼底、（越战中的）Khe Sahn，他们征战、死去。 Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction. 一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了我们可以生活得更好。在他们看来，美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心，也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。 This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous , powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. 今天我们继续先辈们的旅途。美国依然是地球上最富裕、最强大的国家。同危机初露端倪之时相比，美国人民的生产力依然旺盛；与上周、上个月或者去年相比，我们的头脑依然富于创造力，我们的商品和服务依然很有市场，我们的实力不曾削弱。但是，可以肯定的是，轻歌曼舞的时代、保护狭隘利益的时代以及对艰难决定犹豫不决的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须跌倒后爬起来，拍拍身上的泥土，重新开始工作，重塑美国。 For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise healthcare's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do. 我目之所及，都有工作有待完成。国家的经济情况要求我们采取大胆且快速的行动，我们的确是要行动，不仅是要创造就业，更要为（下一轮经济）增长打下新的基础。我们将造桥铺路，为企业铺设电网和数字线路，将我们联系在一起。我们将回归科学，运用科技的奇迹提高医疗质量，降低医疗费用。我们将利用风能、太阳能和土壤驱动车辆，为工厂提供能源。我们将改革中小学以及大专院校，以适应新时代的要求。这一切，我们都能做到，而且我们都将会做到。 Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage. 现在，有一些人开始质疑我们的野心是不是太大了，他们认为我们的体制承载不了太多的宏伟计划。他们是健忘了。他们已经忘了这个国家已经取得的成就；他们已经忘了当创造力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合起来时，自由的美国人民所能发挥的能量。 What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government. 这些怀疑论者的错误在于，他们没有意识到政治现实已经发生了变化，长期以来耗掉我们太多精力的陈腐政治论争已经不再适用。今天，我们的问题不在于政府的大小，而在于政府能否起作用，政府能否帮助家庭找到薪水合适的工作、给他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给与肯定的答案，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。而掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，磊落做事，这样才能在政府和人民之间重建至关重要的相互信任。 Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favours only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach f; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. 我们面临的问题也不是市场好坏的问题。市场创造财富、拓展自由的能力无可匹敌，但是这场危机提醒我们，如果没有监管，市场很可能就会失去控制，而且偏袒富人国家的繁荣无法持久。国家经济的成败不仅仅取决于国内生产总值的大小，而且取决于繁荣的覆盖面，取决于我们是否有能力让所有有意愿的人都有机会走向富裕。我们这样做不是慈善，而是因为这是确保实现共同利益的途径。 As for our common defence, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more. 就共同防御而言，我们认为国家安全与国家理想的只能选其一的排他选择是错的。面对我们几乎无法想像的危险，我们的先辈们起草了确保法治和个人权利的宪章。一代代人民的鲜血夯实了这一宪章。宪章中的理想依然照亮着世界，我们不能以经验之谈放弃这些理想。因此我想对正在观看这一仪式的其他国家的人民和政府说，不论他们现在各国伟大的首府还是在如同我父亲出生地一般的小村落，我想让他们知道：对于每个追求和平和自尊的国家和个人而言，美国都是朋友，我们愿意再次领导大家踏上追寻之旅。 Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missile s and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint. 回想先辈们在抵抗法西斯主义之时，他们不仅依靠手中的导弹或坦克，他们还依靠稳固的联盟和坚定的信仰。他们深知单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，他们也深知我们强大并不足以使我们有权利为所欲为。他们明白，正是因为使用谨慎，我们的实力才不断增强；正是因为我们的事业是公正的、我们为世界树立了榜样，因为我们的谦卑和节制，我们才安全。 We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principle s once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologise for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defence, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you. 我们继承了这些遗产。在这些原则的再次领导下，我们有能力应对新的威胁，我们需要付出更多的努力、进行国家间更广泛的合作以及增进国家间的理解。首先，我们将以负责任的态度，将伊拉克交还给伊拉克人民，同时巩固阿富汗来之不易的和平。对于老朋友和老对手，我们将继续努力，不遗余力，削弱核威胁，遏制全球变暖的幽灵。我们不会为我们的生活方式感到报歉，我们会不动摇地扞卫我们的生活方式。对于那些企图通过恐怖主义或屠杀无辜平民达成目标的人，我们要对他们说：我们的信仰更加坚定，不可动摇，你们不可能拖垮我们，我们定将战胜你们。 For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness . We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace. 因为我们知道，我们的多元化遗产是一个优势，而非劣势。我们国家里有基督徒也有穆斯林，有犹太教徒也有印度教徒，同时也有非宗教信徒。我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个星球上任何一个角落的有益成分。正是因为我们民族曾亲尝过内战和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大更加团结，因此我们不由自主，只能相信一切仇恨终有一天都会成为过去，种族的划分不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，我们相信终有一天人类共有的人性品德将会自动显现。在迎接新的和平时代到来的过程中，美国需要发挥自己的作用。 To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the west - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. 对于穆斯林世界，我们将基于共同的利益和信仰，寻找更好的合作之路。对于那些在世界各个地方挑起冲突或一味批评西方不良影响的领导者：你的人民评判你的依据是你建立了什么，而不是破坏了什么。对于那些依靠腐败和欺骗并压制异议而追求权利的人们：你们站在了人类历史的对立面。如果你们能张开紧握的拳头，我们也将伸出友谊之手。 To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it. 对于那些贫穷的人们，我们保证和你们一起建设繁茂的农场和干净的水源，滋养那些饥寒交迫的身体和心灵。对于那些与我们一样相对富裕的国家，我们不能再对外界的苦难漠不关心，更不能继续大肆索取世界的资源。世界必须改变，我们都必须改变。 show_a4_zone("Z3"); 挑战9月口译考试，你准备好了吗？ 奥巴马就职演讲稿（中英文对照） 奥巴马G20伦敦演讲现场（高清视频下载+文本） 奥巴马在林肯纪念堂的演讲（双语） 奥巴马复活节演讲（视频下载+文本） 奥巴马访弱势群体学校发表演讲（视频+文本） show_a4_zone("Z4"); 求职黄金季，你该如何跳？ As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honour them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all. 当我们审视前方的道路时，我们会感激那些跨越千山万水来到这里的人们。今天，他们有话对我们说，也是安息在阿林顿国家公墓里的先烈们时刻提醒我们的。我们尊敬他们不仅因为是他们捍卫了我们的自由，更因为他们正是奉献精神的化身；他们致力于寻找远高于自身的生命真谛。而此时，在这个特殊的时代，我们更需让这种精神长存。 For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate. 因为无论美国政府能做多少，必须做多少，美国国家的立国之本最终还是美国人的决心和信念。于防洪堤坝决堤之时收留陌生受难者的善意，于在经济不景气的时候宁愿减少自己工时也不肯看着朋友失业的无私，正是他们支撑我们走过黑暗的时刻。消防队员冲入满是浓烟的楼梯抢救生命的勇气，父母养育孩子的坚持，正是这些决定了我们的命运。 Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task. 我们面临的挑战也许是新的，我们应对挑战的措施也许也是新的，但那些长期以来指导我们成功的价值观--勤奋、诚实、勇气、公平竞争、包容以及对世界保持好奇心，还有对国家的忠诚和爱国主义--却是历久弥新，这些价值观是可靠的。他们是创造美国历史的无声力量。我们现在需要的就是回归这些古老的价值观。我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到即我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任，我们不应该不情愿地接受这些责任，而应该快乐地承担起这些责任。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。 This is the price and the promise of citizenship. 这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。 This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny . 我们自信源于对上帝的信仰，上帝号召我们要掌握自己的命运。 This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath. 这就是我们自由和信仰的意义，这也是为何不同种族、不同信仰、不同性别和年龄的人可以同聚一堂在此欢庆的原因，也是我今天能站在这里庄严宣誓的原因，而在50多年前我的父亲甚至都不能成为地方餐馆的服务生。 So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: 所以，让我们铭记自己的身份，镌刻自己的足迹。在美国诞生的时代，那最寒冷的岁月里，一群勇敢的爱国人士围着篝火在冰封的河边取暖。首都被占领，敌人在挺进，冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。在美国大革命最受质疑的时刻，我们的国父们这样说： "Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet ." “我们要让未来的世界知道……在深冬的严寒里，唯有希望和勇气才能让我们存活……面对共同的危险时，我们的城市和国家要勇敢地上前去面对。” America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy current s, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations. 今天的美国也在严峻的寒冬中面对共同的挑战，让我们记住国父们不朽的语言。带着希望和勇气，让我们再一次勇敢地面对寒流，迎接可能会发生的风暴。我们要让我们的子孙后代记住，在面临挑战的时候，我们没有屈服，我们没有逃避也没有犹豫，我们脚踏实地、心怀信仰，秉承了宝贵的自由权利并将其安全地交到了下一代的手中。
随着石油价格超过一桶100美元，美国总统开始关注美国的能源政策。3月30日奥巴马总统在 乔治敦 大学（Georgetown University ）发表演讲呼吁到2025年美国的石油进口减少1/3。 （http://www.georgetown.edu/news/topics/obamaatgeorgetown.html ） 奥巴马说“I set this goal knowing that we’re still going to have to import some oil,” the President said. “It will remain an important part of our energy portfolio for quite some time, until we’ve gotten alternative energy strategies fully in force. And when it comes to the oil we import from other nations, obviously we’ve got to look at neighbors like Canada and Mexico that are stable and steady and reliable sources. We also have to look at other countries like Brazil.” 奥巴马继续说“But our best opportunities to enhance our energy security can be found in our own backyard,” the President continued, “…because we boast one critical, renewable resource that the rest of the world can’t match: American ingenuity. American ingenuity, American know-how.” 2011年3月30日美国白宫发表了美国的能源安全报告（ America's Energy Security ） ，概述了 总统的 建议。以下是来自白宫网站上的美国能源安全报告。 FACT SHEET: America's Energy Security Rising prices at the pump affect everybody – workers and farmers; truck drivers and restaurant owners. Businesses see it impact their bottom line. Families feel the pinch when they fill up their tank. For Americans already struggling to get by, it makes life that much harder. That’s why we need to make ourselves more secure and control our energy future by harnessing all of the resources that we have available and embracing a diverse energy portfolio. With an ultimate goal of reducing our dependence on oil, in the near term we must responsibly develop and produce oil and gas at home, while at the same time leveraging cleaner, alternative fuels and increasing efficiency. And beyond our efforts to reduce our dependence on oil, we must focus on expanding cleaner sources of electricity – keeping America on the cutting edge of clean energy technology so that we can build a 21st century clean energy economy and win the future. Reducing oil imports In 2008, America imported 11 million barrels of oil a day. By 2025 – a little over a decade from now – we will have cut that by one-third. Expanding Safe and Responsible Domestic Oil and Gas Development and Production: Implementing critical safety reforms: In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Obama Administration has launched rigorous and comprehensive environmental and safety reforms to ensure the responsible development of offshore oil and gas resource Identifying underdeveloped resources: The President asked the Department of the Interior (DOI) to issue a report on the status of unused oil and gas leases. That report showed that 57 percent of all leased onshore acres and 70 percent of offshore leased acres are inactive – meaning that they are neither being explored or developed. Developing incentives for expedited development and production: DOI is developing incentives for expedited development of oil and gas production from existing and future leases. For its offshore leasing program, the DOI has already begun to employ incentives, including the shortening of some lease terms to encourage earlier development, and requiring drilling to begin before an extension can be granted on a lease. DOI is also evaluating the potential use of graduated royalty rate structures, such as those adopted by the State of Texas, to encourage more rapid production. Securing Access to Diverse and Reliable Sources of Energy: The U.S. is acting in the international arena to moderate global oil demand and secure additional supplies of liquid fuels and clean energy. We are working with our international partners to increase natural gas supplies, replace oil with natural gas in power generation, and increase responsible oil production in a manner that ensures safety . We are also increasing sustainable bioenergy production, building a new international framework for nuclear energy, and promoting energy efficiency. Developing Alternatives to Oil, Including Biofuels and Natural Gas: Some of our most effective opportunities to enhance our energy security can be found in our own backyard. We are committed to finding better and smarter ways to use these abundant energy resources. That means: Expanding biofuels markets and commercializing new biofuels technologies: Corn ethanol is already making a significant contribution to reducing our oil dependence, but increasing market share will require overcoming infrastructure challenges and commercializing promising cellulosic and advanced biofuels technologies. To help achieve this goal, the Administration has set a goal of breaking ground on at least four commercial-scale cellulosic or advanced bio-refineries over the next two years. And as we do all of these things, we will look for ways to reform our biofuels incentives to make sure they meet today’s biofuels challenges and save taxpayers money. Encouraging responsible development practices for natural gas: The Administration is committed to the use of this important domestic resource, but we must ensure it is developed safely and responsibly. To that end the Administration is focused on increasing transparency about the use of fracking chemicals, working with state regulators to offer technical assistance, and launching a new initiative to tap experts in industry, the environmental community and states to develop recommendations for shale extraction practices that will ensure the protection of public health and the environment. Cutting Costs at the Pump with More Efficient Cars and Trucks: The Administration is building on recent investments in advanced vehicles, fuel, technologies, high speed rail, and public transit: Setting historic new fuel economy standards: Standards for model years 2012-16 will raise average fuel economy to 35.5 miles per gallon by 2016, and save 1.8 billion barrels of oil over the lifetime of the vehicles covered. In July, the Administration will also finalize the first-ever national fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards for commercial trucks, vans and buses built in 2014 - 2018. These standards will cut oil use and promote the development and deployment of alternative fuels, including natural gas. The Administration is also developing the next generation of fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards for passenger vehicles 2017-2025 and expects to announce the proposal in September 2011. Paving the way for advanced vehicles: The President has set an ambitious goal of putting 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015. To help us get there, the President’s FY 2012 Budget proposes a redesigned $7500 tax credit for consumers, competitive grants for communities that encourage the adoption of electric vehicles, and funding for RD to drive innovation in advanced battery technology. At the same time, the President is calling on Congress to move forward with policies that can help unlock the promise of natural gas vehicles. Leading by Example With the Federal Fleet. The Federal government operates more than 600,000 fleet vehicles. We have already doubled the number of hybrid vehicles in the federal fleet. Today, the President is calling for administrative action directing agencies to ensure that by 2015, all new vehicles they purchase will be alternative-fuel vehicles, including hybrid and electric vehicles. Innovating Our Way to a Clean Energy Future Charting a path towards cleaner sources of electricity and greater energy efficiency, and remaining on the cutting edge of clean energy technology. Creating Markets for Clean Energy: To move capital off of the sidelines and into the clean energy economy – creating jobs in the process – we need to give businesses and entrepreneurs a clear signal that there will be a market for clean energy innovation. That’s why the Administration is committed to pursuing a Clean Energy Standard (CES), an ambitious but achievable goal of generating 80 percent of the Nation’s electricity from clean energy sources by 2035 – including renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower; nuclear power; efficient natural gas; and clean coal. Cutting Energy Bills through More Efficient Homes and Buildings: Our homes, businesses and factories consume over 70 percent of the energy we use. By making smart investments in energy efficiency in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, we can improve U.S. competitiveness and protect our environment, while saving consumers money on electricity bills. That is why the Administration is on track to weatherize 600,000 low-income homes through Recovery Act investments, and why we remain committed to a series of policies that increase efficiency across sectors – including a HOMESTAR program to help homeowners finance retrofits, a “Better Buildings Initiative” to make commercial facilities 20 percent more efficient by 2020, and steps to promote industrial energy efficiency. Staying on the Cutting Edge through Clean Energy Research and Development: Through the Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) program, we have invested in over 100 cutting-edge projects in areas ranging from smart grid technology, to carbon capture, to battery technology for electric vehicles. Past Budgets funded three “Energy Innovation Hubs” that explore building efficiency, fuel from sunlight, and nuclear reactor modeling and simulation. The FY 2012 Budget request more than doubles funding for ARPA-E and doubles the number of Hubs to include new Hubs that will advance smart grid technology, critical materials research, as well as batteries and energy storage.
校园行动将降低下一代肥胖率 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/1/243041.shtm 美国的《儿童健康、免饥饿法案》将于2011年生效。由于美国有越来越多肥胖儿童，被诊断出过去只有成年人才有的高血压、高胆固醇和Ⅱ型糖尿病，新法有助于扭转这个令人担忧的趋势。 2010年12月，美国总统奥巴马签署了该法案，以为儿童提供较健康的校园餐点来对抗儿童饥饿。奥巴马表示，现在，在美国各地，还有许多儿童无法享用校园餐点，而且，供应的餐食也不够健康。 http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/WEB16OWEB10O0 School lunches and obesity 信息分析报告 School lunches and obesity 1-19.docx
美国总统奥巴马在上海演讲 （包括提问） 美国总统；奥巴马；上海；演讲词；英文全文 The White House Office of the Press Secretary For Immediate Remarks by President Barack Obama at Town Hall Meeting with Future Chinese Leaders Museum of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China November 16, 2009 http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-town-hall-meeting-with-future-chinese-leaders 1:18 P.M. CST PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon. It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you. I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome. I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations. I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good. (Laughter.) What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman. And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue. This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past. Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future. The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries. Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people. However, America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence. In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China. This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial. Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions. And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so. And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation. A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis. The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success -- because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed. As one American player described his visit to China -- " people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different." Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979. And in three decades, just look at how far we have come. In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion -- today it tops over $400 billion each year. The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry. This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life. And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity. In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union. Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time -- economic recovery and the development of clean energy; stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe. All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu. And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited. Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors. The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students. There are nearly 200 "friendship cities" drawing our communities together. American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery. And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting. It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty -- an accomplishment unparalleled in human history -- while playing a larger role in global events. And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion. There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know the future." Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years. Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not when we consider the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure. We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect. And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding -- on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out -- we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways. I believe that each country must chart its own course. China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture. The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy. Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles -- that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights; that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes; that commerce should be open, information freely accessible; and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice. Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters. In many ways -- over many years -- we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union. We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery. It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced. Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights. None of this was easy. But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms. That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" could long endure. That is why Dr. Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed. That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to all who would work for it; and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President. And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world. We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation. These freedoms of expression and worship -- of access to information and political participation -- we believe are universal rights. They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities -- whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation. Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries; our respect for different cultures; our commitment to international law; and our faith in the future. These are all things that you should know about America. I also know that we have much to learn about China. Looking around at this magnificent city -- and looking around this room -- I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future. Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements. For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's. In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research -- a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure y ou build to the technology you use. China is now the world's largest Internet user -- which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event. This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change -- and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow. But above all, I see China's future in you -- young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century. I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things are shared. And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game; one country's success need not come at the expense of another. And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise. On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations -- a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you. To return to the proverb -- consider the past. We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide. That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations. And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government. It must be rooted in our people -- in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play. And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America. That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000. And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century. And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people. For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written. So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world. And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward. So thank you very much. And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you. Thank you very much. (Applause.) --------------------------------- So -- I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings. And what we're going to do is I will just -- if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy. So let me begin, though, by seeing -- and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then -- so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair. All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front. Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. And what's your name? Q My name is (inaudible) and I am a student from Fudan University. Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges. So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year. Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question. I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago -- my home town -- that he's visited there twice. And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities. One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint. And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China. But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well. So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies. We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail. In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other. I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor. And so I would love to attend. I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S. pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here. So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting. Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city. So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai. Thank you. (Applause.) Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case -- Q First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes. Q I want to pose a question from the Internet. I want to thank you, Mr. President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China . I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States? (Applause.) PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had several meetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have had consultations about a wide range of issues. But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States. In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you -- these are all highlights -- but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree. So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change . The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm. Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China. On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population. So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it. There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations -- obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States -- but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases. So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting -- a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership. Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. They will watch to see what we do. And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues. Okay? (Applause.) All right, it's a -- I think it must be a boy's turn now. Right? So I'll call on this young man right here. Q (As translated.) Mr. President, good afternoon. I'm from Tongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: "It is always good to have a friend coming from afar." In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences. China advocates a harmonious world. We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity . I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future? PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point. The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture. We have people coming from all around the world. And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like. In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya; I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States; my sister is half-Indonesian; she's married to a Chinese person from Canada. So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations. (Laughter.) And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society. Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries. I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture. So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights -- that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past. That's a universal value. I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women. I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well. I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women. And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't. So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world. And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out. Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that. But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values. And we -- and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make. If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values. Okay? All right. We're going to take a question from the Internet. Q Hello, Mr. President. It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well. So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose -- continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried. I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer. So I would like to know if, Mr. President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question. Thank you. (Applause.) PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China. We don't want to change that policy and that approach. I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of -- and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues. One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved. We always think that's the better course. And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born. Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I prefer to look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place -- there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology. And I think that that's starting to hap pen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay? Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on, let's get -- whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here. I'll call on you next. Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later. Go ahead. Q Thank you. PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later. But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards. Go ahead. Q Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University . I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace. In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to -- more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you -- will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. That was an excellent question. I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace. Obviously it's a great honor. I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize. All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world. And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote. In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job. (Laughter.) And so you -- there's a saying -- I don't know if there's a similar saying in China -- we have a saying: " You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it." And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it. I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world. It's not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are -- date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years. In many parts of the world -- let's say, in the continent of Africa -- there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve. And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people. And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence. Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples -- through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures. And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace. Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage. And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place. We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do; that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us. That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world. (Applause.) Okay. All right? Jon -- I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S. press corps so that -- AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right. And not surprisingly, "in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?" And second, "should we be able to use Twitter freely" -- is the question. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter. I noticed that young people -- they're very busy with all these electronics. My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone. But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable. They can begin to think for themselves. That generates new ideas. It encourages creativity. And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use . I'm a big supporter of non-censorship. This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions. I can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet -- or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged. Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freely because then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time. I think people naturally are -- when they're in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or -- but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear. It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States. And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation . In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially , nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters; we didn't have the most powerful political brokers. But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies. And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well. Now, that's not just true in -- for government and politics. It's also true for business. You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was -- less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you. It was a science project. And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist. So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter. The more open we are, the more we can communicate. And it also helps to draw the world together. Think about -- when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha -- one is 11, one is 8 -- from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai. They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about. And that's just an enormous power that they have. And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about. Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology. It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that. But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness. And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum. Okay? I'm going to take two more questions. And the next one is from a gentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here's the microphone. Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset. (Laughter.) And here comes my question. My name is (inaudible) from Fudan University School of Management. And I would like to ask you the question -- is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect. I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that -- how you struggled to get it. And what's your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success. PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don't know if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize. (Laughter.) So I can't guarantee that. But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following. Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard. You're curious. You're willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself. You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom. Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service ; some of you might want to be teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople. But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions -- "Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts? -- those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest. The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves. So they want to make a contribution to society. They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives. I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and -- all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition. They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world. And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you've been working. All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately. We've run out of time so quickly. Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here. Q Mr. President, it's a great honor for the last question. And I'm a college student from Fudan University, and today I'm also the representative of China's Youth (inaudible.) And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much. PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question. Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians. And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands -- a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon -- and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose an extraordinary threat. Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks. Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing -- one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield. I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home. And it is a great weight on me. It gives me a heavy heart. Fortunately, our Armed Services is -- the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go. And I think that it is possible -- working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia -- to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left. But it's a difficult task. It's not easy. And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not just a military exercise. We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers. And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option. And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope. That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take. Okay? All right, I have had a wonderful time. I am so grateful to all of you. First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English. Clearly you've been studying very hard. And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations. I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States. You will be welcome. I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China. And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world. So thank you very much everybody. Thank you. (Applause.) END 2:08 P.M. CST
转自： http://tzblog.com/user1/xiaokewuming/archives/2008/200811692739.html If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. 如果还有人对美国是否凡事都有可能存疑，还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活，还有人质疑我们的民主制度的力量，那么今晚，这些问题都有了答案。 Its the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference. 这是设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队给出的答案；是等了三四个小时的选民所给出的答案，其中许多人都是有生以来第一次投票，因为他们认定这一次肯定会不一样，认为自己的声音会是这次大选有别于以往之所在。 Its the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America. 这是所有美国人民共同给出的答案－－无论老少贫富，无论是民主党还是共和党，无论是黑人、白人、拉美裔、亚裔、原住民，是同性恋者还是异性恋者、残疾人还是健全人－－我们从来不是红州和蓝州的对立阵营，我们是美利坚合众国这个整体，永远都是。 Its the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day. 长久以来，很多人一再受到告诫，要对我们所能取得的成绩极尽讽刺、担忧和怀疑之能事，但这个答案让这些人伸出手来把握历史，再次让它朝向美好明天的希望延伸。 Its been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America. 已经过去了这么长时间，但今晚，由于我们在今天、在这场大选中、在这个具有决定性的时刻所做的，美国已经迎来了变革。 I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and hes fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nations promise in the months ahead. 我刚刚接到了麦凯恩参议员极具风度的致电。他在这场大选中经过了长时间的努力奋斗，而他为自己所深爱的这个国家奋斗的时间更长、过程更艰辛。他为美国做出了我们大多数人难以想像的牺牲，我们的生活也因这位勇敢无私的领袖所做出的贡献而变得更美好。我向他和佩林州长所取得的成绩表示祝贺，我也期待着与他们一起在未来的岁月中为复兴这个国家的希望而共同努力。 I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the Vice President-elect of the United States, Joe Biden. 我要感谢我在这次旅程中的伙伴－－已当选美国副总统的拜登。他全心参与竞选活动，为普通民众代言，他们是他在斯克兰顿从小到大的伙伴，也是在他回特拉华的火车上遇到的男男女女。 I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nations next First Lady, Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much, and you have earned the new puppy thats coming with us to the White House. And while shes no longer with us, I know my grandmother is watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight, and know that my debt to them is beyond measure. 如果没有一个人的坚决支持，我今晚就不会站在这里，她是我过去 16 年来最好的朋友、是我们一家人的中坚和我一生的挚爱，更是我们国家的下一位第一夫人：米歇尔.奥巴马 (Michelle Obama) ，萨莎 (Sasha) 和玛丽亚 (Malia) ，我太爱你们两个了，你们已经得到了一条新的小狗，它将与我们一起入驻白宫。虽然我的外祖母已经不在了，但我知道她与我的亲人肯定都在看着我，因为他们，我才能拥有今天的成就。今晚，我想念他们，我知道自己欠他们的无可计量。 To my campaign manager David Plouffe, my chief strategist David Axelrod, and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what youve sacrificed to get it done. 我的竞选经理大卫.普劳夫 (David Plouffe) 、首席策略师大卫.艾克斯罗德 (David Axelrod) 以及政治史上最好的竞选团队－－是你们成就了今天，我永远感激你们为实现今天的成就所做出的牺牲。 But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to it belongs to you. 但最重要的是，我永远不会忘记这场胜利真正的归属－－它属于你们。 I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didnt start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. 我从来不是最有希望的候选人。一开始，我们没有太多资金，也没有得到太多人的支持。我们的竞选活动并非诞生于华盛顿的高门华第之内，而是始于得梅因、康科德、查尔斯顿这些地方的普通民众家中。 It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generations apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth. This is your victory. 我们的竞选活动能有今天的规模，是因为辛勤工作的人们从自己的微薄积蓄中拿出钱来，捐出一笔又一笔 5 美元、 10 美元、 20 美元。而竞选活动的声势越来越大则是源自那些年轻人，他们拒绝接受认为他们这代人冷漠的荒诞说法；他们离开家、离开亲人，从事报酬微薄、极其辛苦的工作；同时也源自那些已经不算年轻的人们，他们冒着严寒酷暑，敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传；更源自数百万的美国民众，他们自动自发地组织起来，证明了在两百多年以后，民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利。 I know you didnt do this just to win an election and I know you didnt do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how theyll make the mortgage, or pay their doctors bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair. 我知道你们的所做所为并不只是为了赢得大选，我也知道你们做这一切并不是为了我。你们这样做是因为你们明白摆在面前的任务有多艰巨。因为即便我们今晚欢呼庆祝，我们也知道明天将面临我们一生之中最为艰巨的挑战－－两场战争、一个面临危险的星球，还有百年来最严重的金融危机。今晚站在此地，我们知道伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山中还有勇敢的美国士兵醒来，甘冒生命危险保护着我们。会有在孩子熟睡后仍难以入眠的父母，担心如何偿还按揭月供、付医药费或是存够钱送孩子上大学。我们亟待开发新能源、创造新的工作机会；我们需要修建新学校，还要应对众多威胁、修复与许多国家的关系。 The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even one term, but America I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you we as a people will get there. 前方的道路会十分漫长艰辛。我们可能无法在一年甚至一届任期之内实现上述目标，但我从未像今晚这样满怀希望，相信我们会实现。我向你们承诺－－我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。 There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who wont agree with every decision or policy I make as President, and we know that government cant solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way its been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand. 我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的开端。对于我作为总统所做的每项决定和政策，会有许多人持有异议，我们也知道政府并不能解决所有问题。但我会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会聆听你们的意见，尤其是在我们意见相左之时。最重要的是，我会请求你们参与重建这个国家，以美国 221 年来从未改变的唯一方式－－一砖一瓦、胼手胝足。 What began twenty-one months ago in the depths of winter must not end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek it is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cannot happen without you. 21 个月前那个寒冬所开始的一切不应该在今天这个秋夜结束。今天的选举胜利并不是我们所寻求的改变－－这只是我们进行改变的机会。而且如果我们仍然按照旧有方式行事，我们所寻求的改变不可能出现。没有你们，也不可能有这种改变。 So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything, its that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers in this country, we rise or fall as one nation; as one people. 因此，让我们发扬新的爱国精神，树立新的服务意识和责任感，让我们每个人下定决心全情投入、更加努力地工作，并彼此关爱。让我们铭记这场金融危机带来的教训：我们不可能在金融以外的领域备受煎熬的同时拥有繁荣兴旺的华尔街－－在这个国家，我们患难与共。 Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let us remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House a party founded on the values of self-reliance, individual liberty, and national unity. Those are values we all share, and while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, We are not enemies, but friendsthough passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn I may not have won your vote, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too. 让我们抵制重走老路的诱惑，避免重新回到令美国政治长期深受毒害的党派纷争和由此引发的遗憾和不成熟表现。让我们牢记，正是伊利诺伊州的一名男子首次将共和党的大旗扛到了白宫。共和党是建立在自强自立、个人自由以及全民团结的价值观上，这也是我们所有人都珍视的价值。虽然民主党今天晚上赢得了巨大的胜利，但我们是以谦卑的态度和弥合阻碍我们进步的分歧的决心赢得这场胜利的。林肯在向远比我们眼下分歧更大的国家发表讲话时说，我们不是敌人，而是朋友虽然激情可能褪去，但是这不会割断我们感情上的联系。对于那些现在并不支持我的美国人，我想说，或许我没有赢得你们的选票，但是我听到了你们的声音，我需要你们的帮助，而且我也将是你们的总统。 And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. To those who would tear this world down we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security we support you. And to all those who have wondered if Americas beacon still burns as bright tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope. 那些彻夜关注美国大选的海外人士，从国会到皇宫，以及在这个世界被遗忘的角落里挤在收音机旁的人们，我们的经历虽然各有不同，但是我们的命运是相通的，新的美国领袖诞生了。那些想要颠覆这个世界的人们，我们必将击败你们。那些追求和平和安全的人们，我们支持你们。那些所有怀疑美国能否继续照亮世界发展前景的人们，今天晚上我们再次证明，我们国家真正的力量并非来自我们武器的威力或财富的规模，而是来自我们理想的持久力量：民主、自由、机会和不屈的希望。 For that is the true genius of America that America can change. Our union can be perfected. And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow. 这才是美国真正的精华－－美国能够改变。我们的联邦会日臻完善。我们取得的成就为我们将来能够取得的以及必须取得的成就增添了希望。 This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one thats on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. Shes a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old. 这次大选创造了多项第一，也诞生了很多将世代流传的故事。但是今天晚上令我难忘的却是在亚特兰大投票的一名妇女：安.尼克松.库波尔 (Ann Nixon Cooper) 。她和其他数百万排队等待投票的选民没有什么差别，除了一点：她已是 106 岁的高龄。 She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldnt vote for two reasons because she was a woman and because of the colour of her skin. 她出生的那个时代奴隶制度刚刚结束；那时路上没有汽车，天上也没有飞机；当时像她这样的人由于两个原因不能投票－－一是她是女性，另一个原因是她的肤色。 And tonight, I think about all that shes seen throughout her century in America the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we cant, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can. 今天晚上，我想到了她在美国过去一百年间所经历的种种：心痛和希望；挣扎和进步；那些我们被告知我们办不到的世代，以及那些坚信美国信条──是的，我们能做到──的人们。 At a time when womens voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can. 曾几何时，妇女没有发言权，她们的希望化作泡影，但是安?尼克松?库波尔活了下来，看到妇女们站了起来，看到她们大声发表自己的见解，看到她们去参加大选投票。是的，我们能做到。 When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can. 当 30 年代的沙尘暴和大萧条引发人们的绝望之情时，她看到一个国家用罗斯福新政、新就业机会以及对新目标的共同追求战胜恐慌。是的，我们能做到。 When the bombs fell on our harbour and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can. 当炸弹袭击了我们的海港、独裁专制威胁到全世界，她见证了美国一代人的伟大崛起，见证了一个民主国家被拯救。是的，我们能做到。 She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that We Shall Overcome. Yes we can. 她看到蒙哥马利通了公共汽车、伯明翰接上了水管、塞尔马建了桥，一位来自亚特兰大的传教士告诉人们：我们能成功。是的，我们能做到。 A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can. 人类登上月球、柏林墙倒下，世界因我们的科学和想像被连接在一起。今年，就在这次选举中，她用手指触碰屏幕投下自己的选票，因为在美国生活了 106 年之后，经历了最好的时光和最黑暗的时刻之后，她知道美国如何能够发生变革。是的，我们能做到。 America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made? 美国，我们已经走过漫漫长路。我们已经历了很多。但是我们仍有很多事情要做。因此今夜，让我们自问－－如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪；如果我们的女儿有幸活得和安一样长，他们将会看到怎样的改变？我们将会取得怎样的进步？ This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we cant, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: 现在是我们回答这个问题的机会。这是我们的时刻。这是我们的时代－－让我们的人民重新就业，为我们的后代敞开机会的大门；恢复繁荣发展，推进和平事业；让美国梦重新焕发光芒，再次证明这样一个基本的真理：我们是一家人；一息尚存，我们就有希望；当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑，当有人说我们办不到的时候，我们要以这个永恒的信条来回应他们： Yes We Can. Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America. 是的，我们能做到。感谢你们。上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。 演讲视频观看地址： http://v.blog.sohu.com/u/vw/1867630 奥巴马个人资料 全名：巴拉克胡赛因奥巴马（小）（Barack Hussein Obama Jr.） 党派：民主党 公职：伊利诺伊州联邦参议员（2004年首次当选） 伊利诺伊州州参议员（1997-2004） 职业背景：1993-2004，Miner Barnhill Galland律师事务所律师（伊利诺伊州芝加哥） 生日：1961年8月4日 出生地：夏威夷檀香山 居住地：伊利诺伊州芝加哥市 教育背景：1983年获哥伦比亚大学文学学士学位 1991年获哈佛大学法学院法学博士学位 婚姻状况：1992年结婚，育有二女 宗教信仰：联合基督教会 竞选主页：www.barackobama.com （截止2007年第三季度）募集竞选经费：8026万美元；已开销：4417万美元 著作：《希望无畏：开垦美国梦的思考》（The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream） ; 《父亲留下来的梦想：种族与传统的故事》（Dreams from my Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance）
标签: 美国总统
