液态金属的发现将迎来化学和电子产品的新 潮 诸平 据 澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工大学 ( RMIT University ) 2017 年 10 月 19 日 提供的消息,该大学的研究人员与澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学 ( Queensland University of Technology ) 以及 美国加利福尼亚大学 ( University of California ) 的研究人员合作,发现了 液态金属 , 这一发现 将迎来化学和电子产品的 又一轮 新 潮。 Fig.1 This image of a liquid metal 'slug' and its clear atom-thick 'trail' shows the breakthrough in action. When dissolved in a liquid metal core, certain metals leave behind this clear layer of their oxide, which is no thicker than a few atoms and can be peeled away by touching or rolling. Credit: RMIT University 图 1 是 皇家墨尔本理工大学 提供的一张 “鼻涕虫 ( slug ) ”的液态金属照片 , 很明显其厚度与 原子 厚度相近的 “ 痕迹( trail ) ” 却 显示了突破 性的 行动。当液态金属核溶解 时 , 某些金属留下 了 明显的氧化层 , 其厚度充其量也不过 几个原子 的 厚 度 , 而且通过触摸或滚动 氧化层可以被剥离 。皇家墨尔本理工大学的研究人员 已经 使用液态金属创建 了 二维材料 , 其厚度也就是 几个原子 那么 厚 , 这在 自然界中以前 是 从未见过的。令人难以置信的突破将不仅彻底改变我们 从事 化学 研究 的方式 , 而且 可以应用于提高数据存储和制造更快的电子产品。 相关研究结果 已经 于 2017 年 10 月 20 日 在 《 科学 》( Science ) 网站 发表 —— Ali Zavabeti, Jian Zhen Ou, Benjamin J. Carey, Nitu Syed, Rebecca Orrell-Trigg, Edwin L. H. Mayes, Chenglong Xu, Omid Kavehei, Anthony P. O’Mullane, Richard B. Kaner, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Torben Daeneke . A liquid metal reaction environment for the room-temperature synthesis of atomically thin metal oxides . Science , 2017 , 358(6361): 332-335. DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4249 研究者 将 金属溶 于 液态金属 , 创建非常薄 的 氧化层 , 这些氧化层之 前并不 以 分层结构 而 存在的 , 而且是 很容易剥离 的 。一旦 将其 提取 成氧化层膜 , 这些氧化层可以作为晶体管元件 用于 现代电子产品。氧化层越薄 , 电子 运动 越快。氧化层 越薄 也 就 意味着电子需要的 能 量 越少 。除此之外 , 氧化层 也可以 用于制造智能手机的触摸屏。 更多信息请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。 Liquid metal discovery ushers in new wave of chemistry and electronics Liquid metal nano printing set to revolutionize electronics Expanding the world of 2D materials Two-dimensional (2D) materials have a wide variety of potential applications in the electronics industry. However, certain compositions of 2D materials are difficult to obtain owing to the challenges in exfoliating thin sheets from bulk crystals. Zavabeti et al. exploited liquid metals to synthesize 2D Ga 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , Gd 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 . The 2D sheets appear as a surface layer in gallium-based liquid metals after the Hf, Gd, or Al is dissolved into the bulk alloy. The 2D oxide that appears on the surface is the oxide with the lowest energy, suggesting that it should be possible to make other 2D oxides by using the same process. Science , this issue p. 332 Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) oxides have a wide variety of applications in electronics and other technologies. However, many oxides are not easy to synthesize as 2D materials through conventional methods. We used nontoxic eutectic gallium-based alloys as a reaction solvent and co-alloyed desired metals into the melt. On the basis of thermodynamic considerations, we predicted the composition of the self-limiting interfacial oxide. We isolated the surface oxide as a 2D layer, either on substrates or in suspension. This enabled us to produce extremely thin subnanometer layers of HfO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and Gd 2 O 3 . The liquid metal–based reaction route can be used to create 2D materials that were previously inaccessible with preexisting methods. The work introduces room-temperature liquid metals as a reaction environment for the synthesis of oxide nanomaterials with low dimensionality.
沈斌,高磊,王家海 . 基于方差分析的航空电子产品质量控制图的研究计 . 机电一体化, Vol. 17,No.5,2011:50-53 The Study of Quality Control Chart Based on ANOVA for Electronic Products. Mechatronics, Vol. 17,No.9,2011: 30-34