瘦驼 发表于 2010-06-18 10:03 这天晚上,正在埋头写稿子的我被卫生间里传来的惊叫声吓了一跳,心想家里的重点保护对象是不是又目击了什么多毛或多足的小动物。冲进卫生间却只见领导抱着自己那颗日渐圆滚的肚子一脸的欲哭无泪:我长妊娠纹了!我定睛一瞧,领导肚皮上隐隐横着一条红线。哪里是什么妊娠纹,明明是裤带勒出来的痕迹。 为了安抚领导的情绪,赶紧上网搜出真正妊娠纹的图片以正视听,没想到这样做的结果是加剧了领导的恐惧感。我要把妊娠纹消灭在萌芽之前!领导一边狠狠的说一边从抽屉里拿出那瓶价值5块钱一毫升的著名品牌护理油,挤了足有20块钱的量涂在肚子上,看得我不禁浑身肉疼。 科学家有时候也有不那么近人情的一面。2000多年前的古埃及人已经很关注妊娠纹这个话题了。他们不仅描述了妊娠纹这种现象,更记载了当时最常用的防治妊娠纹的方法涂抹乳香树 Boswellia thurifera 的树脂。然而当今的科学家对这件事却缺乏兴趣,与之有关的正经研究实在是太少了。科学家们的冷漠从某种意义上是可以理解的,妊娠纹这种东西完全不会影响人的生理功能,又多生在身体的隐秘部位,我们实在不好意思称之为病。但是看看那瓶据说销量颇大的金油和领导惊恐的小眼神,这事儿真的非同小可。 科学家们在妊娠纹这个问题上是多么的失职?仅从一点上就可以看出来,那就是至今为止我们都不知道妊娠纹发生的原因。当然,它绝非是像很多人想象的那样肚皮撑撑撑撑裂了呗。目前我能找到最早系统对这个问题展开研究的人是澳大利亚医生鲍德温L.O.Poidevin,他在1959年发表于著名的《柳叶刀》上的一篇论文中指出妊娠纹的生长与皮肤伸展没有直接的关系。鲍德温同时认为激素,特别是肾上腺皮质激素在妊娠纹生长的过程中起了重要作用。这个理论看上去有一定的道理,因为肾上腺皮质激素能抑制皮肤中的弹性纤维的生长,并且还能促使弹性纤维的分解,导致皮肤弹性下降。有些人大量使用含有类似于肾上腺皮质激素物质的药膏,或者内分泌失调导致体内皮质激素猛增,都会在体表产生类似妊娠纹的纹路,虽然他们并不会都变得很胖。另外,青春期的孩子身体迅速发育,体表上也有可能出现纹路,这同样跟孩子体内猛增的激素水平有关。在之前的《奶爸日记》里,我提到过怀孕期间准妈妈体内的激素水平可是坐了过山车,她们体内的肾上腺皮质激素的确是增高了。 但是这不能解释虽然妊娠纹发生是很普遍的事儿,但是根据不同的研究,总有那么10%-50%的孕妇并不会被此困扰,也不能解释为啥有的孕妇第一胎没有妊娠纹,而第二次怀孕却惹纹上身。要解开这些谜题,做一番调查,也就是统计学研究是必不可少的。不过实在是有点儿寒碜,与其他医学研究动辄几千上万个样本相比,关于妊娠纹的调查人数最多的还不足200人。尽管人数不多,已有的调查统计还是得出了一些非常有趣的结果。首先与大家预期相符的是,妊娠纹的发生同整个孕期增加的体重密切相关,长肉越多,越可能生纹;其次,妊娠纹的发生同孕妇的年龄密切相关,但结果却让大多数人跌碎眼镜孕妇越年轻,越可能长妊娠纹!原因?对不起,目前科学家对此的解释仍停留在假说阶段。 剩下的结论就不那么言之凿凿了。比如白种人比有色人种更可能长妊娠纹,再比如妊娠纹可能会有遗传倾向。由于统计样本数量太小,这些还都不那么确定。 罗嗦了这么多,孕妈妈们想必已经不耐烦了。是啊,到底该如何对付这可怕的花纹呢?跟我家领导一样,抹油可能是各位的第一选择,什么橄榄油啦,杏仁油啦,可可脂啦。但遗憾的是,给出肯定答案的研究既少又老,最近的研究大都认为抹油或者其他外用保养品对于减少妊娠纹的发生没有什么效果。当我跟领导汇报这一令人沮丧的事实时,领导立即搬出孕婴杂志里那些成功案例给我看,害得我又得给她普及一下随机、对照、双盲这些概念,毕竟有人就是不会长妊娠纹。运动呢?看上去也没什么效果,不过拿这个当借口就偷懒哦,毕竟运动的好处还是大大的。吃猪蹄?倒是有研究认为低蛋白饮食可能会增加发生妊娠纹的可能,从这方面说吃点儿猪蹄增加蛋白质的摄入是件好事,不过要说吃胶原蛋白补胶原蛋白那就纯属胡诌了,因为不管什么蛋白质进到肚子里也会被打碎成一堆没有个性的氨基酸。难道就看不到希望了么?整形医学界倒是做了不少努力来消除已经产生的妊娠纹,什么疤痕切削术啦,射频脉冲染料激光啦。听上去挺吓人,结果倒还不错,比如2007年,整容强国韩国的一些科学家就发现射频脉冲染料激光技术治疗妊娠纹效果不错, 89.2%的患者对总体改观感到满意和非常满意。 1946年,法国人雷亚尔Louis Reard发明了现代比基尼泳衣。1959年6月,澳大利亚医生鲍德温的划时代论文《妊娠纹的组织病理学》Histopathology of Striae Gravidarum在《柳叶刀》杂志发表,揭开了现代妊娠纹问题研究的序幕。同年7月,历史悠久的八卦报纸《纽约邮报》New York Post专门派记者在纽约市周边搜寻比基尼女郎,结果只找到两个。不得不佩服鲍德温医生敏锐的时尚嗅觉和准确的潮流预判。总有一天,丝绸般的妊娠纹也会成为时尚,还有什么比得上成为一名母亲更酷的事情呢? 参考文献 妊娠纹的研究及治疗进展 鲁楠, 李青峰 中国美容医学2008年2月第17卷第2期 Striae gravidarum Sharon A. Salter , Alexa B. Kimball Clinics in Dermatology (2006) 24, 97100 Risk factors for the development of striae gravidarum Hibah Osman, Nelly Rubeiz, Hala Tamim, Anwar H. Nassar Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:62.e1-62.e5. Clinical associations of striae gravidarum R. G. R. THOMAS , A. LISTON Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (April 2004) Vol. 24, No. 3, 270271 Striae Gravidarum Folklore and Fact Diane J. Madlon-Kay Arch Fam Med. 1993;2:507-511 Striae Gravidarum: Associated Factors in Turkish Primiparae Selda Pelin Kartal Durmazlar , Fatma Eskio?lu J Turk Acad Dermatol 2009; 3 (4): 93401a Histopathology of Striae Gravidarum POIDEVIN, L. O. Obstetrical Gynecological Survey: June 1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 ppg 316-317 Striae gravidarum in primiparae G.S.S. Atwal, L.K. Manku, C.E.M. Griffiths ,W. Polson British Journal of Dermatology olume 155 Issue 5, Pages 965 969 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF STRIAE GRAVIDARUM C. M. H. Davey BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology volume 79 Issue 12, Pages 1113 1114 Radiofrequency and 585-nm Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Striae Distensae: A Report of 37 Asian Patients DONG-HYE SUH, KA-YEUN CHANG, HO-CHAN SON, JI-HO RYU, SANG-JUN LEE, KYE-YONG SONG, Dermatologic Surgery Volume 33 Issue 1, Pages 29 34 本文已发《新京报 新知周刊》,发表时有删改
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB08icd7z4bmk78I28I4dI00h01000j100200010 hyperemesis gravidarum 1,326 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 3 4 Top Years Publications 2003 52 2002 50 2006 45 2005 45 2009 44 2008 41 1999 40 2001 40 2004 37 2007 34 2000 34 1992 34 1964 34 1995 33 1994 33 1998 32 1997 31 1963 30 1967 29 1969 24 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 Top Countries Publications USA 197 United Kingdom 91 Japan 48 Turkey 34 Canada 26 Israel 21 Germany 18 Italy 18 Norway 14 Malaysia 12 China 12 France 12 Australia 11 Hong Kong 10 South Korea 9 Netherlands 9 Sweden 8 India 7 Greece 5 Ireland 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 ... 15 Top Cities Publications London 24 Los Angeles 22 Tokyo 17 Toronto 14 Oslo 12 Ankara 12 Boston 11 Kuala Lumpur 10 Hong Kong 10 New Brunswick 7 Houston 7 New York 7 Istanbul 6 Aioi 6 Bristol 6 Seoul 5 Jerusalem 5 Manchester 5 Philadelphia 5 Osaka 5 1 2 3 ... 15 1 2 3 ... 26 Top Journals Publications Am J Obstet Gynecol 52 Obstet Gynecol 48 Zentralbl Gynakol 32 J Reprod Med 26 J Obstet Gynaecol 23 Minerva Ginecol 20 Lancet 18 Int J Gynecol Obstet 18 Acta Obstet Gyn Scan 18 Br J Obstet Gynaecol 18 Akush Ginekol (mosk) 16 Arch Gynecol Obstet 15 Geburtsh Frauenheilk 15 Med Klin 14 Eur J Obstet Gyn R B 13 Jpen-parenter Enter 11 Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 11 Postgrad Med J 10 Am J Perinat 9 J Perinatol 8 1 2 3 ... 26 1 2 3 ... 150 Top Terms Publications Hyperemesis Gravidarum 1,310 Pregnancy 1,150 Humans 1,060 Adult 592 Women 409 Pregnancy Complications 404 Patients 341 Vomiting 208 Pregnant Women 181 female pregnancy 173 Hospitalization 160 Infant, Newborn 158 Hospitals 154 Diagnosis 145 Antiemetics 140 Pregnancy Trimester, First 119 Evaluation Studies as Topic 116 Pre-Eclampsia 113 Serum 107 Adolescent 103 1 2 3 ... 150 1 2 3 ... 159 Top Authors Publications Chin R 16 Goodwin T 13 Jrvinen P 12 Lao T 11 Araki T 9 Panesar N 8 Hershman J 8 Yoneyama Y 7 Suzuki S 7 Ylikorkala O 7 Mestman J 6 Kauppila A 6 Uusp V 6 Omar S 5 Tan P 5 Mnch S 5 Lazarus J 5 Sawa R 5 Magee L 5 Romero R 4 1 2 3 ... 159 相关基因发现 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/umls.cgi?refresh=TID=27597 Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: hyperemesis gravidarum C-query: generations The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 10 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 27597 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 159 terms on the current B-list ( 35 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. Rank Prob B-term 10.83leptin 20.83|--leptin receptor 30.83caga 40.83moyamoya disease 50.81polydactyly 60.81twin 70.81epilepsy 80.80cleft lip 90.78hyperparathyroidism 100.77paraoxonase 110.76diabetes 120.76cag 130.73tsh 140.73obesity 150.73hbs 160.70thyroid peroxidase 170.68sp1 180.67meta 190.66anxiety 200.63cleft 210.62breast cancer 220.62igf i 230.58igf 240.57anorexia 250.56lip 260.54genome 270.52diabetes mellitus 280.51asthma 290.50weight 300.47hydrocephalus 310.46dystonia 320.45obese 330.45cleft palate 340.44coma 350.42live 360.41sex 370.41hip 380.41past 390.39isoform 400.37amylase 410.36leucine aminopeptidase 420.36p6 430.35pilot 440.34death 450.34aminopeptidase 460.33germ 470.33hmo 480.33renal failure 490.3313c 500.31mitochondrial 510.29cytokine 520.28diaphragmatic hernia 530.26b6 540.26adenosine deaminase 550.25mri 560.24insulin growth factor 570.23year 580.22prolactin 590.21aldolase 600.20rh 610.18old 620.16impact 630.16blind 640.15care 650.14term 660.14inositol 670.13cam 680.11ob 690.11pre 700.11b12 710.11insulin 720.11axis 730.11lipase 740.09olfactory 750.09low 760.09male 770.08eat 780.08early 790.07family 800.07node 810.07novel 820.06son 830.06catalase 840.06salt 850.05non 860.05acth 870.05factor i 880.05best 890.04prism 900.04beta chain 910.04b-1 920.04tube 930.03or 940.03gs 950.03fat 960.03peroxidase 970.03growth hormone 980.03cramp 990.03fear 1000.03alkaline phosphatase 1010.02cdc 1020.02b1 1030.02beta subunit 1040.02nervous 1050.02ms 1060.02pain 1070.02large 1080.02phosphatase 1090.02path 1100.01base 1110.01hcg 1120.01silver 1130.01total 1140.01tactile 1150.01secretion 1160.01co 1170.01dehydrogenase 1180.01double 1190.00egg 1200.00lea 1210.00cycle 1220.00limb 1230.00mouth 1240.00port 1250.003d 1260.00fit 1270.00hypertension 1280.00protein 1290.00sand 1300.00receptor 1310.00abnormal 1320.00para 1330.00pc 1340.00safe 1350.00brown 1360.00beta 1370.00section 1380.00cyst 1390.00little 1400.00genesis 1410.00st 1420.00cell 1430.00bridge 1440.00not 1450.00activity 1460.00amp 1470.00lack 1480.00re 1490.00light 1500.00giant 1510.00auto 1520.00going 1530.00man 1540.00phase 1550.00block 1560.00group 1570.00point 1580.00side 1590.00simple Restrict by semantic categories? job id # 27597 started Mon May 3 21:26:01 2010 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 27597 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: hyperemesis gravidarum Mon May 3 21:26:13 2010 A query = hyperemesis gravidarum started Mon May 3 21:26:13 2010 A query resulted in 1326 titles 27597 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: generations Mon May 3 21:26:29 2010 C: generations 100934 A: pubmed_query_A 1326 AC: ( hyperemesis gravidarum ) AND ( generations ) 10 C query = generations started Mon May 3 21:26:29 2010 C query resulted in 50000 titles A AND C query resulted in 10 titles 2746 B-terms ready on Mon May 3 21:29:54 2010 Sem_filter: Genes Molecular Sequences, and Gene Protein Names 159 B-terms left after filter executed Mon May 3 21:32:17 2010 159 B-terms left after filter executed Mon May 3 21:32:18 2010 B-list on Mon May 3 21:32:44 2010 1 leptin 2 leptin receptor 3 caga 4 moyamoya disease 5 polydactyly 6 twin 7 epilepsy 8 cleft lip 9 hyperparathyroidism 10 paraoxonase 11 diabetes 12 cag 13 tsh 14 obesity 15 hbs 16 thyroid peroxidase 17 sp1 18 meta 19 anxiety 20 cleft 21 breast cancer 22 igf i 23 igf 24 anorexia 25 lip 26 genome 27 diabetes mellitus 28 asthma 29 weight 30 hydrocephalus 31 dystonia 32 obese 33 cleft palate 34 coma 35 live Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature hyperemesis gravidarum leptin generations 1: Adjusted leptin level (ALL) is a predictor for hyperemesis gravidarum .2006 Add to clipboard 2: Leptin and leptin receptor levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum .2006 Add to clipboard 3: Leptin levels in women with hyperemesis gravidarum .2004 Add to clipboard 4: Thyroid function in hyperemesis gravidarum and correlation with serum leptin levels.2003 Add to clipboard 1: Leptin receptor/CD295 is upregulated on primary human mesenchymal stem cells of advancing biological age and distinctly marks the subpopulation of dying cells.2009 Add to clipboard 2: Placental insufficiency: programming of leptin secretion, blood pressure, and postnatal growth in two generations of Sprague-Dawley rats.2009 Add to clipboard 3: Leptin is associated with blood pressure and hypertension in women from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.2009 Add to clipboard 4: Genetic associations of residual feed intake with serum insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin concentrations, meat quality, and carcass cross sectional fat area ratios in Duroc pigs.2009 Add to clipboard 5: Leptin increases maternal investment.2009 Add to clipboard 6: Effect of parental overweight and serum leptin levels on the manifestation of overweight in 7-year-old Korean children.2009 Add to clipboard 7: Insulin resistance, physical fitness, body composition and leptin concentration in 7-8 year-old children.2008 Add to clipboard 8: Male offspring of both diabetic parents have higher insulin resistance and serum leptin levels compared to those with one diabetic parent.2008 Add to clipboard 最新研究进展 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/5/231664.shtm BMJ:孕妇剧烈呕吐可能是家族遗传 孕妇妊娠期间常会出现恶心和呕吐现象,但某些孕妇的剧烈呕吐往往需要送医院治疗。一项最新研究显示,这种被称为妊娠剧吐的症状会由妈妈传给女儿,它很可能具有家族遗传性。 新一期《英国医学杂志》( BMJ )刊登报告说,挪威研究人员分析了该国过去几十年里230万份出生记录,以及相应孕妇的健康数据,结果发现,如果母亲怀孕期间出现妊娠剧吐症状,女儿后来怀孕时也出现该症状的可能性是其他人的约3倍。 据介绍,妊娠剧吐会导致孕妇体重下降、缺少维生素和营养不良,如不及时医治还可能导致早产并影响婴儿健康。 研究还发现,孕妇妊娠剧吐与腹中胎儿含有来自丈夫一方的相关基因没有关系,导致这一症状的基因可能只是由妈妈遗传给女儿。 不过研究人员也表示,目前还不能完全排除环境因素的影响,因为母亲和女儿很可能生活在类似的环境中或是有相似的生活习惯,从而出现妊娠剧吐症状。 更多阅读 《英国医学杂志》发表论文(英文)
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB01iwlbuqmmlsnoI1dI1I00f01000j10040001rl 检索策略(smoking and pregnancy and behavior and attention) =Child, Preschool 文献计量分析 52 of 255 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 Top Years Publications 2005 6 2001 5 2008 4 2006 4 2003 4 2009 3 2007 3 1999 3 1996 3 2004 2 1995 2 1984 2 1983 2 2002 1 2000 1 1997 1 1993 1 1989 1 1986 1 1981 1 1 2 Top Countries Publications USA 14 Canada 5 Netherlands 4 United Kingdom 4 Germany 3 Denmark 2 Australia 2 Czech Republic 1 Sweden 1 France 1 Japan 1 Papua New Guinea 1 New Zealand 1 1 2 Top Cities Publications Ottawa 4 Amsterdam 2 Chicago 2 New York 2 London 2 Boston 1 Durham 1 Lincoln 1 Brno 1 Uppsala 1 Bloomington, IN, USA 1 Dsseldorf 1 Leiden 1 Villejuif 1 Newport 1 Aarhus 1 Nashville 1 Chiba 1 Mannheim 1 Groningen 1 1 2 1 2 Top Journals Publications J Am Acad Child Psy 4 Am J Psychiat 4 Pediatrics 3 Soc Sci Med 3 Neurotoxicol Teratol 2 Early Hum Dev 2 Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2 J Adolesc Health 1 J Nerv Ment Dis 1 Dev Psychol 1 Cas Lek Cesk 1 J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1 Dev Psychopathol 1 Nervenarzt 1 Cortex 1 J Abnorm Child Psychol 1 Child Dev 1 Int J Obesity 1 J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (paris) 1 Acta Paediatr 1 1 2 1 2 3 ... 10 Top Authors Publications Obel C 3 Fried P 3 Wakschlag L 2 Henriksen T 2 Linnet K 2 Wisborg K 2 Thomsen P 2 Thapar A 2 Laucht M 2 Schmidt M 2 Najman J 2 Boer W 2 O'Callaghan M 2 Williams G 2 Dalsgaard S 2 Olsen J 2 Mick E 1 Biederman J 1 Monuteaux M 1 Faraone S 1 1 2 3 ... 10 1 2 3 ... 23 Top Terms Publications Humans 52 Child, Preschool 52 Pregnancy 51 Child 48 Smoking 42 Infant 33 Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects 29 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity 27 Infant, Newborn 27 Adult 26 Risk Factors 21 Adolescent 21 Women 19 Parents 18 Longitudinal Studies 13 maternal behavior 12 Pharmaceutical Preparations 10 Child Behavior Disorders 10 Nicotine 9 Birth Weight 9 1 2 3 ... 23 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/11/224855.shtm 英国研究称:孕妇吸烟易生问题小孩 英国一项最新研究显示,若孕妇吸烟,生下的孩子3岁时就可能出现行为问题和多动症。 研究结果刊登于最新一期《流行病和公共卫生杂志》( Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , JECN )。 年龄低 先前研究显示,孕妇吸烟会使所生男孩上学后易得小儿多动症。此次研究证实,孕期吸烟对男孩、女孩的行为都有影响,而且会在孩子3岁时就表现出来。 英国约克大学凯特皮克特教授带领同事进行这项研究。他们从英国新千年人群健康研究项目中选取1.3万名3岁儿童,观察他们的行为、注意力与母亲孕期吸烟情况间的联系。 为评估这些儿童的行为及注意力情况,研究人员向家长发放问卷,了解孩子是否易分神、易怒或易与人争吵打闹,以及孩子是否有偷窃、撒谎和欺骗行为。 综合考虑孩子的家庭经济条件、父母受教育程度和婚姻状况等因素,研究人员发现,母亲孕期吸烟越多,孩子有不良行为和多动症的几率越大。 影响大 母亲孕期少量吸烟的男孩中44%有行为问题;如果在孕期大量吸烟,这一数据则升至80%。而且孕妇吸烟会导致80%左右的男孩患上多动症。 所谓行为问题是指性格孤僻、言行粗鲁、侵犯他人、难与他人合作等。小儿多动症则表现为注意力涣散、活动过度、冲动任性、自控能力差以及学习困难等。 与少量吸烟的孕妇相比,长期大量吸烟的母亲生出的男孩出现行为问题的风险更高。对女孩而言,影响更大的是母亲长期吸烟而不在于吸烟数量,路透社11月4日援引研究报告报道。 另外,孕妇吸烟对男孩和女孩有不同影响,女孩容易有不良行为,而男孩除此以外还易出现多动症。 劝戒烟 孕期吸烟直接影响胎儿大脑结构和功能的发育,这在动物实验中已得到证明,英国广播公司(BBC)援引皮克特教授的话报道,这也可能因为遗传过程中产生一种记号,将孕妇吸烟与孩子的行为问题联系起来。 烟中含有4000种毒素,不少毒素可以进入胎儿大脑,报告说。而男性胎儿在发育过程中对某些化学成分更为敏感,这也是孕妇吸烟对男孩影响更大的原因。 另外,研究还发现,如果母亲孕期戒烟,生出的女孩产生行为问题的几率比母亲从不吸烟的女孩更低。研究人员说,母亲的放弃能力可能遗传给女儿,从而培养她们克制和好脾气的特性。 公共卫生学院主席艾伦马里恩戴维斯说:这又是一个让母亲竭尽全力戒烟的理由,而且最好在怀孕前戒烟。 更多阅读 路透社相关报道(英文) http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE5A34RB20091104 Smoking in pregnancy tied to bad behavior in kids Wed Nov 4, 2009 2:26pm EST var storyKeywords = "US SMOKING KIDS"; var RTR_ArticleTitle = "Smoking in pregnancy tied to bad behavior in kids"; var RTR_ArticleBlurb = "By Rachael Myers Lowe NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who smoke while pregnant risk having hyperactive preschoolers who can't pay attention, a large study from the UK hints. Although previous studies have demonstrated significant risks for..."; var partnerUriValue = ''; addImpression("3098077_Article Tools"); var showComments = false; var allowSLCall = false; function singlePageView() { document.location.href = ReplaceQueryStringParam(document.location.href, "sp", "true"); } function replaceString(oldS, newS, fullS) { // Replaces oldS with newS in the string fullS for (var i = 0; i < fullS.length; i++) { if (fullS.substring(i, i + oldS.length) == oldS) { fullS = fullS.substring(0, i) + newS + fullS.substring(i + oldS.length, fullS.length); } } return fullS; } By Rachael Myers Lowe NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who smoke while pregnant risk having hyperactive preschoolers who can't pay attention, a large study from the UK hints. Although previous studies have demonstrated significant risks for school-aged boys, this is the first time an association has been shown between smoking during pregnancy and problems for girls and for boys as young as 3, the researchers point out. Dr. Kate E. Pickett, of the University of York, Hull-York Medical School and colleagues looked for ties between smoking in pregnancy and behavior and attention problems in more than 13,000 3-year-old boys and girls in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. As part of the study, a wide range of information was gathered including family economic status, education level of parents, ethnicity, parents' marital status, financial difficulties and maternal smoking, drinking or drug use. Questions were also asked about the children to assess behavior and hyperactivity-inattention problems such as how easily their child was distracted or if their child was prone to temper tantrums, fight with or bully other kids, argue with grownups, steal, lie, and/or cheat. In all, nearly 10 percent of women reported smoking heavily (+10 cigarettes a day) throughout their pregnancy, 12.5 percent were light smokers (less than 10 cigarettes a day), and 12.4 percent tried to quit, the researchers note in a report published this week in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Even though no ill-effects of even heavy maternal smoking during pregnancy were recorded for most boys (61.6 percent) and girls (71.7 percent), the risk of developing behavior or attention problems increased with maternal prenatal smoking, the researchers found. They also found that the effect of smoking during pregnancy was different in boys and girls. Boys exposed to cigarette smoke in the womb were more likely to have behavior and attention deficit problems, while girls with this exposure were more likely to experience behavior problems alone. Girls whose mothers quit smoking during pregnancy had a lower risk of behavior problems than girls whose mothers never smoked leading the researchers to conclude the mother's the ability to quit may be a characteristic of restraint and easy temperament that the daughters inherit. Smoking throughout pregnancy carries the highest risk for both boys and girls, according to the data. Overall, the most important factor seems to be smoking continuously throughout pregnancy, more than amount smoked, Pickett said. Persistent heavy smokers had a higher risk of having a boy with conduct problems than light smokers. For conduct problems in girls, any continuous smoking seemed to matter more than amount. Similarly, for hyperactivity-inattention problems both light and heavy smokers had similarly elevated risks compared to non-smokers, Pickett explained. SOURCE: First Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009.