精准医学国际研究论文分析报告 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-280034-877856.html 检索策略individualized medicine OR (individualized AND medicine ) OR individualized medicine OR (personalized AND medicine ) OR personalized medicine 精准医学美国在研项目(64项) 详细分析和项目 https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=hsrProjquery=personalized%20medicinebinning-state=status%3d%3dOngoing refine by Project Status Ongoing (64) › of 8 1 ‹ refine by Investigator · Albino, Judith E (1) · Armstrong, Katrina (2) · August, Gerald J (1) · Baptist, Alan P (1) · Bottinger, Erwin P (1) · Bowden, Charles Lee (1) · Bradbury, Angela R (1) · Brennan, James Matthew (1) · Burnside, Elizabeth S (1) · Carey, David J (2) › of 7 1 ‹ refine by Performing Organization · Boston Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine (1) · Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit (1) · Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases (1) · Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Public Health, Division of Comparative Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (1) · Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, Inc. (1) · Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (1) · Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine (1) · Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center (1) · Duke University, School of Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine (1) · Duke University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (1) › of 2 1 ‹ refine by Supporting Agency · Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (8) · American Cancer Society (1) · Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) (3) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI) (11) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (1) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Eye Institute (NEI) (1) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (1) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (7) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) (1) · National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (3) refine by Initial Year · 2014 (9) · 2013 (14) · 2012 (14) · 2011 (18) · 2010 (3) · 2009 (1) · 2006 (1) · 2002 (1) · 2001 (3) refine by Final Year · 2019 (1) · 2018 (5) · 2017 (15) · 2016 (21) · 2015 (22) › of 3 1 ‹ refine by States · Alabama (AL) (1) · Arizona (AZ) (2) · California (CA) (10) · Colorado (CO) (1) · Connecticut (CT) (2) · District of Columbia (DC) (1) · Florida (FL) (1) · Georgia (GA) (1) · Hawaii (HI) (1) · Illinois (IL) (1) refine by Award · Contract (8) · Grant (53) · Intramural (3) refine by Country · United States (64) › of 10 1 ‹ refine by Mesh Terms · * Aging (3) · * Decision Support Systems, Clinical (2) · * Decision Support Techniques (4) · * Genomics (4) · * Healthcare Disparities (2) · * Patient Participation (2) · * Patient-Centered Care (2) · * Sequence Analysis, DNA (2) · * Women's Health (2) · Access to Information (5)
H7N9禽流感国际研究论文35篇 信息分析结果如下: 检索分析平台 http://www.pubmedpro.cn/?term=H7N9 更多的信息,读者自己可以检索分析。 pubmed_result.txt 35篇论文 论文发表时间分布 1. 2013 browse it with it or it without it 30 2. 2012 browse it with it or it without it 3 3. 2010 browse it with it or it without it 1 4. 2011 browse it with it or it without it 1 论文作者分布 1. Shu Y browse it with it or it without it 3 2. Wang D browse it with it or it without it 3 3. Li X browse it with it or it without it 3 4. Parry J browse it with it or it without it 3 5. Wang Y browse it with it or it without it 3 6. Yang W browse it with it or it without it 3 7. Zhang Y browse it with it or it without it 3 8. Barral M browse it with it or it without it 2 9. Cox NJ browse it with it or it without it 2 10. Bai T browse it with it or it without it 2 11. Hu W browse it with it or it without it 2 12. He J browse it with it or it without it 2 13. Hfle U browse it with it or it without it 2 14. Li Q browse it with it or it without it 2 15. Feng Z browse it with it or it without it 2 16. Ding F browse it with it or it without it 2 17. Gao GF browse it with it or it without it 2 18. Gao R browse it with it or it without it 2 19. Cao Y browse it with it or it without it 2 20. Li L browse it with it or it without it 2 研究主题分布 1. avian influenza browse it with it or it without it 17 2. influenza virus browse it with it or it without it 5 3. avian flu browse it with it or it without it 5 4. influenza viruses browse it with it or it without it 4 5. respiratory tract browse it with it or it without it 2 6. infectious diseases browse it with it or it without it 2 7. critically ill browse it with it or it without it 2 8. amino acids browse it with it or it without it 2 9. fatal outcome browse it with it or it without it 1 10. blood platelets browse it with it or it without it 1 11. disease progression browse it with it or it without it 1 12. mechanical ventilation browse it with it or it without it 1 13. mathematical model browse it with it or it without it 1 14. disease management browse it with it or it without it 1 15. human influenza browse it with it or it without it 1 16. aspartate aminotransferase browse it with it or it without it 1 17. respiratory tracts browse it with it or it without it 1 18. sequence alignment browse it with it or it without it 1 19. public health browse it with it or it without it 1 20. epithelial cells browse it with it or it without it 1 论文的国家地区分布 1. china browse it with it or it without it 9 2. hong kong browse it with it or it without it 3 3. spain browse it with it or it without it 2 4. sweden browse it with it or it without it 2 5. usa browse it with it or it without it 1 6. germany browse it with it or it without it 1 7. georgia browse it with it or it without it 1 8. czech republic browse it with it or it without it 1 9. taiwan browse it with it or it without it 1 10. japan browse it with it or it without it 1 论文的期刊分布 1. lancet browse it with it or it without it 8 2. bmj browse it with it or it without it 5 3. euro surveill browse it with it or it without it 4 4. n engl j med browse it with it or it without it 3 5. biosci trends browse it with it or it without it 2 6. microbes infect browse it with it or it without it 1 7. vet res browse it with it or it without it 1 8. plos one browse it with it or it without it 1 9. j virol browse it with it or it without it 1 10. clin infect dis browse it with it or it without it 1 11. avian dis browse it with it or it without it 1 12. nature browse it with it or it without it 1 13. theor biol med model browse it with it or it without it 1 14. science browse it with it or it without it 1 15. vet microbiol browse it with it or it without it 1 16. virus res browse it with it or it without it 1 17. j infect dev ctries browse it with it or it without it 1 18. vector borne zoonotic dis browse it with it or it without it 1 论文的城市分布 1. atlanta browse it with it or it without it 3 2. beijing browse it with it or it without it 3 3. shanghai browse it with it or it without it 3 4. hangzhou browse it with it or it without it 2 5. stockholm browse it with it or it without it 2 6. bonn browse it with it or it without it 1 7. winnipeg browse it with it or it without it 1 8. rotterdam browse it with it or it without it 1 9. barcelona browse it with it or it without it 1 10. taipei browse it with it or it without it 1 11. leuven browse it with it or it without it 1 12. manhattan browse it with it or it without it 1 13. tokyo browse it with it or it without it 1 论文的研究机构分布 1. china; network information center browse it with it or it without it 19 2. china; collaborative innovation center for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases browse it with it or it without it 19 3. centers for disease control and prevention browse it with it or it without it 3 4. beijing;. jiangsu provincial center for disease prevention and control (m.z. browse it with it or it without it 3 5. fudan university browse it with it or it without it 2 6. national center for immunization and respiratory diseases browse it with it or it without it 2 7. first affiliated hospital browse it with it or it without it 2 8. european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) browse it with it or it without it 2 9. and beijing municipal center for disease control and prevention (x.p.) browse it with it or it without it 1 10. academy of military medical science browse it with it or it without it 1 11. canadian food inspection agency browse it with it or it without it 1 12. changsha (l.g.); and henan provincial center for disease control and prevention browse it with it or it without it 1 13. chinese academy of sciences browse it with it or it without it 1 14. cas key laboratory of pathogenic microbiology and immunology browse it with it or it without it 1 15. chinese center for disease control and prevention (h.l. browse it with it or it without it 1 16. china medical university browse it with it or it without it 1 17. college park browse it with it or it without it 1 18. dali university browse it with it or it without it 1 19. erasmus mc browse it with it or it without it 1
plos one发表论文共55165篇,中国发表论文5748篇,为世界第一。 plos one 期刊信息分析报告(2006-2012年) http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=280034do=blogid=661212 plos one 期刊中国论文分析报告(2006-2012年) Top 20 of Countries 论文的国家和地区分布 1. china browse it with it or it without it 5748 2. taiwan browse it with it or it without it 158 3. japan browse it with it or it without it 6 4. france browse it with it or it without it 5 5. australia browse it with it or it without it 3 6. united kingdom browse it with it or it without it 2 7. canada browse it with it or it without it 2 8. germany browse it with it or it without it 1 9. sweden browse it with it or it without it 1 10. switzerland browse it with it or it without it 1 Top 20 of Authors 论文的作者分布 1. Wang Y browse it with it or it without it 403 2. Zhang Y browse it with it or it without it 370 3. Wang J browse it with it or it without it 307 4. Li Y browse it with it or it without it 300 5. Wang X browse it with it or it without it 277 6. Liu Y browse it with it or it without it 261 7. Li X browse it with it or it without it 257 8. Li J browse it with it or it without it 251 9. Zhang X browse it with it or it without it 240 10. Wang L browse it with it or it without it 226 11. Zhang J browse it with it or it without it 224 12. Zhang L browse it with it or it without it 207 13. Liu J browse it with it or it without it 194 14. Wang H browse it with it or it without it 188 15. Li H browse it with it or it without it 188 16. Liu X browse it with it or it without it 167 17. Zhang H browse it with it or it without it 166 18. Chen Y browse it with it or it without it 162 19. Chen J browse it with it or it without it 161 20. Wang Z browse it with it or it without it 148 Top 20 of Departments 论文的科室部门分布 1. department of physiology browse it with it or it without it 51 2. department of biochemistry browse it with it or it without it 49 3. department of neurology browse it with it or it without it 49 4. department of pharmacology browse it with it or it without it 47 5. department of pathology browse it with it or it without it 47 6. department of microbiology browse it with it or it without it 46 7. department of ophthalmology browse it with it or it without it 41 8. department of urology browse it with it or it without it 32 9. department of radiology browse it with it or it without it 32 10. department of neurosurgery browse it with it or it without it 31 11. department of surgery browse it with it or it without it 29 12. department of psychology browse it with it or it without it 28 13. department of medicine browse it with it or it without it 16 14. department of dermatology browse it with it or it without it 16 15. department of chemistry browse it with it or it without it 15 16. department of obstetrics and gynecology browse it with it or it without it 13 17. department of biology browse it with it or it without it 13 18. department of psychiatry browse it with it or it without it 12 19. department of internal medicine browse it with it or it without it 11 20. department of pediatrics browse it with it or it without it 10 Top 20 of Important words 论文中的重要词汇分布 1. cells browse it with it or it without it 1655 2. cell browse it with it or it without it 1602 3. gene browse it with it or it without it 1573 4. role browse it with it or it without it 1404 5. human browse it with it or it without it 1137 6. time browse it with it or it without it 1072 7. patients browse it with it or it without it 1005 8. treatment browse it with it or it without it 941 9. growth browse it with it or it without it 775 10. cancer browse it with it or it without it 772 11. disease browse it with it or it without it 723 12. risk browse it with it or it without it 651 13. in vitro browse it with it or it without it 645 14. report browse it with it or it without it 425 15. tissue browse it with it or it without it 401 16. blood browse it with it or it without it 359 17. who browse it with it or it without it 260 18. health browse it with it or it without it 245 19. patient browse it with it or it without it 155 20. diagnosis browse it with it or it without it 154 Top 20 of Mesh 论文的研究主题分布(医学主题词) 1. cells, cultured browse it with it or it without it 737 2. molecular sequence data browse it with it or it without it 600 3. cell line browse it with it or it without it 589 4. base sequence browse it with it or it without it 536 5. amino acid sequence browse it with it or it without it 272 6. brain browse it with it or it without it 210 7. time factors browse it with it or it without it 191 8. prognosis browse it with it or it without it 147 9. risk factors browse it with it or it without it 101 10. liver browse it with it or it without it 70 11. kinetics browse it with it or it without it 67 12. treatment outcome browse it with it or it without it 64 13. dose-response relationship, drug browse it with it or it without it 52 14. pregnancy browse it with it or it without it 44 15. rabbits browse it with it or it without it 32 16. age factors browse it with it or it without it 28 17. retrospective studies browse it with it or it without it 26 18. prospective studies browse it with it or it without it 24 19. follow-up studies browse it with it or it without it 22 20. diagnosis, differential browse it with it or it without it 4 Top 20 of Year 论文的发表年份 1. 2012 browse it with it or it without it 3258 2. 2011 browse it with it or it without it 1384 3. 2010 browse it with it or it without it 373 4. 2009 browse it with it or it without it 184 5. 2008 browse it with it or it without it 104 6. 2007 browse it with it or it without it 26 7. 2006 browse it with it or it without it 3 Top 20 of Substances 论文中的化学物质分布 1. rna, messenger browse it with it or it without it 192 2. bacterial proteins browse it with it or it without it 99 3. transcription factors browse it with it or it without it 89 4. antineoplastic agents browse it with it or it without it 62 5. proteins browse it with it or it without it 60 6. biological markers browse it with it or it without it 54 7. recombinant proteins browse it with it or it without it 54 8. membrane proteins browse it with it or it without it 52 9. peptides browse it with it or it without it 47 10. dna-binding proteins browse it with it or it without it 44 11. calcium browse it with it or it without it 41 12. dna browse it with it or it without it 41 13. blood glucose browse it with it or it without it 32 14. amino acids browse it with it or it without it 30 15. glucose browse it with it or it without it 28 16. antibodies, monoclonal browse it with it or it without it 27 17. enzyme inhibitors browse it with it or it without it 27 18. anti-bacterial agents browse it with it or it without it 25 19. oxygen browse it with it or it without it 23 20. insulin browse it with it or it without it 22 Top 20 of Mesh Full 论文的研究问题方面(主题词/副主题词组配) 1. Models, Biological* browse it with it or it without it 325 2. RNA, Messenger/genetics browse it with it or it without it 181 3. RNA, Messenger/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 113 4. Neurons/physiology browse it with it or it without it 97 5. Brain/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 85 6. Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology browse it with it or it without it 66 7. T-Lymphocytes/immunology browse it with it or it without it 65 8. Cell Membrane/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 62 9. Brain/pathology browse it with it or it without it 52 10. Liver/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 51 11. Calcium/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 34 12. Research* browse it with it or it without it 28 13. Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use browse it with it or it without it 28 14. Escherichia coli/genetics browse it with it or it without it 25 15. Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology browse it with it or it without it 21 16. Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use browse it with it or it without it 10 17. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use browse it with it or it without it 9 18. Liver/enzymology browse it with it or it without it 6 19. Blood Pressure/drug effects browse it with it or it without it 3 20. United States/epidemiology browse it with it or it without it 3 http://pro.medch.cn/Pubmed/LoadStatistic?term=1800%3A3000%5Bdp%5D%20%20AND%20%28%22plos%20one%22%5Bjournal%5D%29%20AND%20%28%22china%22%5Baffiliation%5D%29type=journal 数据来源
1. PLoS Biology . United States. Public Library of Science. 2. PLoS Medicine . United States. Public Library of Science. 3. PLoS One . United States. Public Library of Science. 4. PLoS Genetics . United States. Public Library of Science. 5. PLoS Pathogens . United States. Public Library of Science. 6. PLoS Computational Biology . United States. Public Library of Science. 7. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases . United States. Public Library of Science. 数据来源 http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=Public%20Library%20of%20Sciencetip=pub PLoS One Country : United States Subject Area : Agricultural and Biological Sciences | Medicine Subject Category : Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) , Medicine (miscellaneous) Publisher : Public Library of Science . Publication type : Journals. ISSN : 19326203 Coverage: 2006-2012 H Index : 85 Scope: PLoS ONE features reports of original research from all disciplines within science and medicine. By not excluding papers on the Show full scope 数据来源 http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=10600153309tip=sidclean=0 该刊链接 http://www.plosone.org/home.action Indicators 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 SJR 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 1,022 1,695 1,879 1,992 1,764 Total Documents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 1.364 2.747 4.644 7.695 14.015 Total Docs. (3years) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 1.501 4.248 8.755 15.086 Total References 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.805 52.398 123.643 193.649 309.783 651.262 Total Cites (3years) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 4.644 16.849 38.527 63.236 Self Cites (3years) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 66 360 2.107 6.045 Citable Docs. (3years) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 1.501 4.248 8.755 15.085 Cites / Doc. (4years) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,90 3,09 3,97 4,42 4,28 Cites / Doc. (3years) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,90 3,09 3,97 4,40 4,19 Cites / Doc. (2years) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,90 3,09 3,94 4,30 3,82 References / Doc. 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 42,37 38,41 45,01 41,70 40,26 46,47 Cited Docs. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 1.149 3.560 7.578 12.824 Uncited Docs. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 352 688 1.177 2.262 % International Collaboration 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 46,72 33,94 40,48 35,06 31,75 36,05 数据来源 http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=10600153309tip=sidclean=0 该期刊共发表论文 55165 篇 plos one 期刊信息分析报告(各项统计的前20名) 检索分析平台:http://pro.medch.cn/Pubmed/Statistic 检索策略:1800:3000 AND ("plos one" ) 在检索分析平台上可以选用的功能有:1. 浏览文献 browse it 2. AND检索 with it 3. OR检索 or it 4. NOT检索 without it Top 20 of Countries 论文的国家和地区分布 1. china 浏览文献 browse it AND检索 with it OR检索 or it NOT检索 without it 5748 2. germany browse it with it or it without it 3553 3. united kingdom browse it with it or it without it 3349 4. france browse it with it or it without it 2916 5. usa browse it with it or it without it 2554 6. japan browse it with it or it without it 2168 7. canada browse it with it or it without it 2123 8. italy browse it with it or it without it 1697 9. australia browse it with it or it without it 1638 10. spain browse it with it or it without it 1631 11. sweden browse it with it or it without it 1151 12. india browse it with it or it without it 901 13. switzerland browse it with it or it without it 887 14. taiwan browse it with it or it without it 854 15. brazil browse it with it or it without it 685 16. israel browse it with it or it without it 627 17. denmark browse it with it or it without it 546 18. belgium browse it with it or it without it 533 19. finland browse it with it or it without it 385 20. turkey browse it with it or it without it 36 Top 20 of Important words 文献中的重要词汇分布 1. cells browse it with it or it without it 17184 2. cell browse it with it or it without it 16499 3. role browse it with it or it without it 12874 4. human browse it with it or it without it 12629 5. gene browse it with it or it without it 12622 6. time browse it with it or it without it 9714 7. disease browse it with it or it without it 8866 8. patients browse it with it or it without it 8069 9. treatment browse it with it or it without it 7855 10. growth browse it with it or it without it 6290 11. in vitro browse it with it or it without it 5709 12. cancer browse it with it or it without it 5360 13. risk browse it with it or it without it 5318 14. tissue browse it with it or it without it 4591 15. report browse it with it or it without it 4219 16. blood browse it with it or it without it 4123 17. health browse it with it or it without it 3069 18. who browse it with it or it without it 2723 19. patient browse it with it or it without it 1858 20. diagnosis browse it with it or it without it 1512 Top 20 of Mesh 医学主题词(研究主题分布) 1. cells, cultured browse it with it or it without it 8140 2. cell line browse it with it or it without it 6240 3. molecular sequence data browse it with it or it without it 4734 4. base sequence browse it with it or it without it 4423 5. brain browse it with it or it without it 3164 6. time factors browse it with it or it without it 2693 7. amino acid sequence browse it with it or it without it 2366 8. prognosis browse it with it or it without it 1267 9. risk factors browse it with it or it without it 925 10. kinetics browse it with it or it without it 839 11. pregnancy browse it with it or it without it 802 12. treatment outcome browse it with it or it without it 756 13. liver browse it with it or it without it 568 14. dose-response relationship, drug browse it with it or it without it 434 15. age factors browse it with it or it without it 400 16. prospective studies browse it with it or it without it 394 17. retrospective studies browse it with it or it without it 302 18. follow-up studies browse it with it or it without it 272 19. rabbits browse it with it or it without it 238 20. diagnosis, differential browse it with it or it without it 45 Top 20 of Authors 论文的作者分布 1. Wang Y browse it with it or it without it 611 2. Zhang Y browse it with it or it without it 545 3. Li Y browse it with it or it without it 457 4. Wang X browse it with it or it without it 437 5. Wang J browse it with it or it without it 415 6. Liu Y browse it with it or it without it 374 7. Li J browse it with it or it without it 370 8. Zhang X browse it with it or it without it 352 9. Li X browse it with it or it without it 347 10. Wang L browse it with it or it without it 343 11. Zhang L browse it with it or it without it 334 12. Zhang J browse it with it or it without it 326 13. Liu J browse it with it or it without it 293 14. Wang H browse it with it or it without it 290 15. Li H browse it with it or it without it 263 16. Chen Y browse it with it or it without it 251 17. Chen J browse it with it or it without it 245 18. Wang Z browse it with it or it without it 235 19. Liu X browse it with it or it without it 227 20. Zhang H browse it with it or it without it 224 Top 20 of Year 论文的发表年份 1. 2012 browse it with it or it without it 23560 2. 2011 browse it with it or it without it 13803 3. 2010 browse it with it or it without it 6752 4. 2009 browse it with it or it without it 4402 5. 2008 browse it with it or it without it 2720 6. 2007 browse it with it or it without it 1235 7. 2006 browse it with it or it without it 137 Top 20 of Citiess 论文的城市分布 1. new york browse it with it or it without it 1297 2. london browse it with it or it without it 1119 3. paris browse it with it or it without it 964 4. boston browse it with it or it without it 930 5. cambridge browse it with it or it without it 591 6. tokyo browse it with it or it without it 580 7. baltimore browse it with it or it without it 534 8. bethesda browse it with it or it without it 482 9. los angeles browse it with it or it without it 433 10. houston browse it with it or it without it 411 11. madrid browse it with it or it without it 403 12. toronto browse it with it or it without it 394 13. seattle browse it with it or it without it 393 14. san francisco browse it with it or it without it 388 15. philadelphia browse it with it or it without it 365 16. chicago browse it with it or it without it 365 17. atlanta browse it with it or it without it 346 18. seoul browse it with it or it without it 333 19. durham browse it with it or it without it 287 20. rochester browse it with it or it without it 192 Top 20 of Substances 文献中的化学物质分布 1. rna, messenger browse it with it or it without it 1797 2. bacterial proteins browse it with it or it without it 972 3. transcription factors browse it with it or it without it 932 4. biological markers browse it with it or it without it 811 5. membrane proteins browse it with it or it without it 713 6. proteins browse it with it or it without it 611 7. dna browse it with it or it without it 598 8. peptides browse it with it or it without it 566 9. recombinant proteins browse it with it or it without it 548 10. dna-binding proteins browse it with it or it without it 547 11. calcium browse it with it or it without it 505 12. antineoplastic agents browse it with it or it without it 437 13. insulin browse it with it or it without it 387 14. glucose browse it with it or it without it 363 15. antibodies, monoclonal browse it with it or it without it 310 16. anti-bacterial agents browse it with it or it without it 302 17. oxygen browse it with it or it without it 265 18. enzyme inhibitors browse it with it or it without it 264 19. amino acids browse it with it or it without it 257 20. blood glucose browse it with it or it without it 212 Top 20 of Mesh Full 主题词/副主题词(研究问题方面) 1. Models, Biological* browse it with it or it without it 4787 2. Neurons/physiology browse it with it or it without it 1803 3. RNA, Messenger/genetics browse it with it or it without it 1574 4. Brain/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 1366 5. RNA, Messenger/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 1129 6. T-Lymphocytes/immunology browse it with it or it without it 1038 7. Cell Membrane/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 978 8. Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology browse it with it or it without it 725 9. Brain/pathology browse it with it or it without it 599 10. Calcium/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 435 11. Research* browse it with it or it without it 419 12. Liver/metabolism browse it with it or it without it 399 13. Escherichia coli/genetics browse it with it or it without it 287 14. Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology browse it with it or it without it 267 15. Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use browse it with it or it without it 219 16. Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use browse it with it or it without it 156 17. United States/epidemiology browse it with it or it without it 150 18. Liver/enzymology browse it with it or it without it 62 19. Blood Pressure/drug effects browse it with it or it without it 60 20. Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use browse it with it or it without it 50 http://pro.medch.cn/Pubmed/Statistic 数据来源:
干细胞 Stem Cell - SC 发表文献量 Publications: 39,678 | 文献被引量 Citation Count: 581,291 检索用词 Stemming Variations: Stem cells, Stems Cells, stem cellness 干细胞的概念定义 Definition Context (1) Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into various mature cells at a single cell level . Stem cells support normal embryogenesis and postnatal life. Stem cells serve to renew tissue throughout an individual’s postnatal life by replacing the cells that are lost owing to everyday wear and tear in our bodies. Bone marrow contains two types of stem cells: hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). HSCs are able to give rise to all cells in the hematopoietic system ... Yao-Hua Song , et al. Differentiation and Plasticity of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering 作者分布 Authors (107337) Irving L. Weissman 110 Johnny Huard 98 Mariusz Z. Ratajczak 87 Peter J. Quesenberry 75 Connie J. Eaves 74 会议信息 Conferences (101) EMBC 48 NEBEC 21 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 16 BMEI 11 ENBENG 10 期刊分布 Journals (2823) Nature 1047 BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT 864 PNAS 854 Plos One 657 Science 540 研究主题 Keywords (2063) Adult Stem Cell Bone Marrow Cancer Stem Cell Cell Therapy Embryonic Stem Cell Growth Factor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Human Embryonic Stem Cell Neural Stem Cell Progenitor Cell Regenerative Medicine Stem Cell Transplant Tissue Engineering embryonics mesenchymal stem cell 详细信息见 http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Keyword/68628/stem-cell
荟萃分析 meta analysis 发表文献量 Publications: 32,152 | 文献被引量 Citation Count: 647,239 Stemming Variations: meta analysis Cumulative Annual 荟萃分析的概念定义 Definition Context (5) Meta-analysis (MA) is the quantitative integration of empirical studies that address the same or similar issues. It provides overall estimates of ef fect size, and can thus guide practical application of research findings. It can also identify moderati ng variables, and thus contribute to theorybuilding and research planning. It overcomes many o f the disadvantages of null hypothesis significance testing... Geoff Cumming . META-ANALYSIS: PICTURES THAT EXPLAIN HOW EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS CAN BE ... Meta-analysis is a statistical procedure to do syntheses of evidences. In the production of scientific knowledge, in spite of paradigmatic skips of quality, the rising of the accumulation of acquired knowledge (based in camed studies) is, in the general, the way as science moves forward to accomplish new discoveries and to confirm other already obtained. The methods developed for the attainment of the meta-analysis, analysis of analyses previously accomplished, have been developed during this century... Paulo Alfonso Bracarense Costa , et al. Fuzzy approach to meta-analysis Meta-analysis is a systematic review of a focused topic in the literature that provides a quantitative estimate for the effect of a treatment intervention or exposure. The key to designing a high quality meta-analysis is to identify an area where the effect of the treatment or exposure is uncertain and where a relatively homogenous body of literature exists. The techniques used in meta-analysis provide a structured and standardized approach for analyzing prior findings in a specific topic in the literature... Mark W. Russo . How to Review a Meta-analysis Meta-analysis is a statistical method of synthesizing quantitative results across studies examining a common research question. This chapter discusses the logic and methods of meta-analysis with specific application to the field of criminology and criminal justice. A key feature of meta-analysis is the effect size, which encodes the study findings on a common index, such as the standardized mean difference, correlation coefficient, or odds-ratio... David B. Wilson . Meta-analysis Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that allows one to combine the results from multiple studies to glean inferences on the overall importance of various phenomena. This method can prove to be more informative than common ''vote counting,'' in which the number of significant results is compared to the number with nonsignificant results to determine whether the phenomenon of interest is globally important. While the use of metaanalysis is widespread in medicine and the social sciences, only recently has it been applied to ecological questions... Dean C. Adams , et al. Resampling Tests for Meta-Analysis of Ecological Data 作者分布 Authors (75787) Ruut Veenhoven 254 John P. A. Ioannidis 136 Alexander J. Sutton 84 Andre G. Uitterlinden (André G. Uitterlinden) 78 Matthew E. Falagas 68 会议信息 Conferences (123) HICSS 12 EMBC 7 CHI 6 FECS 4 METRICS 3 期刊分布 Journals (3800) PSYCHOL BULL 388 Plos One 338 BMJ 276 Gastroenterology 269 J APPL PSYCHOL 248 研究主题分布 Keywords (2474) Clinical Trial Confidence Interval Controlled Trial Effect Size Individual Patient Data Odd Ratio Polymorphism Publication Bias Random Effects Model Randomised Controlled Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Randomized Trial Relative Risk Systematic Review case-control study 详细信息见: http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Keyword/24994/meta-analysis
系统综述 Systematic Review 发表文献量 Publications: 26,829 | 文献被引量 Citation Count: 355,885 同义词 Stemming Variations: systematically reviews, systematically review, systematic reviews, systematically reviewed, systematic reviewers 系统综述的概念定义 Definition Context (4) A systematic review is a carefully planned and conducted study designed to answer a specific focused clinical question. A systematic review differs from the frequently encountered narrative review article. Systematic review must be completed using a prespecified methodology... Dereck L. Hunt , et al. How to read a systematic review Systematic review is a type of research that attempts to identify and summarize all of the evidence related to a specific research question... Stephen Bent , et al. The use of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in infection control a... Systematic review is a method to identify, assess and analyse published primary studies to investigate research questions... Mark Staples , et al. Experiences using systematic review guidelines Systematic reviews are defined as convenient evidential summaries for clinicians which serve as a powerful tool for patient care decisions. They are considered to be the basis for guidelines of medical practice suggesting directions for new research. These scientific reviews, constructed through well-defined methods, have key role in Evidence-Informed Health Care which means to apply new therapies and treatments, which are proved to be effective for a particular treatment by authentic and quality researches, in clinical practice... Hydrie MZ , et al. Systematic Reviews and their role in Evidence - Informed Health Care 文献的作者分布 Authors (61473) Edzard Ernst 205 Khalid Saeed Khan 102 Victor M. Montori 91 David Moher 80 Gordon H. Guyatt 71 会议信息 Conferences (111) ESEM 31 ICSE 7 SPIN 7 ICSP 4 JSAI Workshops 4 文献的期刊分布 Journals (3187) BMJ 402 VALUE HEALTH 305 Plos One 207 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL 201 AMER J GASTROENTEROL 159 文献的主要关键词(研究主题分布) Keywords (1993) Clinical Trial Confidence Interval Controlled Trial Data Extraction Literature Search Odd Ratio Outcome Measure Random Effects Model Randomised Controlled Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Randomized Trial Relative Risk Risk Factors Systematic Literature Review meta analysis 详细信息见: http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Keyword/41241/systematic-review
全球临床试验研究项目计量分析报告 ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants conducted around the world. ClinicalTrials.gov临床试验网 currently lists 137,539 studies 项目数量with locations in all 50 states and in 182 countries国家数量. ClinicalTrials.gov receives more than 95 million page views per month and 60,000 unique visitors daily 日访问量(as of February 2012). Contents Locations of Registered Studies Locations of Recruiting Studies Map of Studies Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Types of Registered Studies Number of Registered Studies over Time Number of Registered Studies with Posted Results over Time Locations of Registered Studies This chart shows the distribution of locations for all studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Total N = 137,539 studies (Data as of December 18, 2012) Legend for Recruiting Study location pie chart image Pie Color Location Non-U.S. Only (43%) U.S. Only (41%) Not Specified (9%) Both U.S. Non-U.S. (6%) Distribution of locations for all studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov" Location Number of Registered Studies and Percentage of Total Non-U.S. Only 58,698 (43%) U.S. Only 56,983 (41%) Not Specified* 12,983 (9%) Both U.S. Non-U.S. 8,875 (6%) Total 137,539 * Not Specified: The location of the study was not provided by the Sponsor. (Data as of December 18, 2012) Locations of Recruiting Studies This chart shows the distribution of locations for recruiting studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Total N = 29,400 studies (Data as of December 18, 2012) Legend for Recruiting Study location pie chart image Pie Color Location Non-U.S. Only (49%) U.S. Only (45%) Both U.S. Non-U.S. (6%) Distribution of locations for recruiting studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Location Number of Recruiting Studies and Percentage of Total Non-U.S. Only 14,378 (49%) U.S. Only 13,118 (45%) Both U.S. Non-U.S. 1,904 (6%) Total 29,400 (Data as of December 18, 2012) To Top Map of Studies Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov See Studies on a Map for an interactive map of studies that are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. To Top Types of Registered Studies This table shows the number and types of studies that are registered and for which results are available on ClinicalTrials.gov. (Data as of December 18, 2012) Study and intervention types with number of registered studies and with number of studies having posted results Study and Intervention Type Number of Registered Studies and Percentage of Total Number of Studies With Posted Results and Percentage of Total*** Total 137,539 7,679 Interventional 111,598 (81%) 7,159 (93%) Type of Intervention* Drug or biologic 75,606 6,133 Behavioral, other 26,611 750 Surgical procedure 12,574 293 Device** 9,490 639 Observational 25,315 (18%) 520 (6%) Expanded Access 186 N/A * A study may include more than one type of intervention (that is, a single study may be counted more than once). Because of this, the sum of counts by type of intervention do not equal the total number of interventional studies. ** A total of 440 applicable device clinical trials were submitted as "delayed posting" under the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA). That is, the Responsible Party has indicated that such a trial includes a device not previously approved or cleared by the U.S. FDA for any use. These are not included in the count of trials with at least one device. *** Results are only required to be submitted for certain trials. For example, results submission is generally not required for trials of drugs, biologics, or devices that have not been approved by FDA; observational studies; and trials completed before 2008. N/A = not applicable To Top Number of Registered Studies Over Time The graph below shows the total number of studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov since 2000, based on the First Received Date. The first version of ClinicalTrials.gov was made available to the public on February 29, 2000. (Data as of December 18, 2012) Key ICMJE: Indicates when the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors began requiring trial registration as a condition of publication under the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URM) (September 2005). FDAAA: Indicates when the expanded registration requirements of FDAAA began and were implemented on ClinicalTrials.gov (December 2007). Years with numbers of registered studies Year Total Number of Registered Studies 2000 5,647 2001 7,000 2002 8,598 2003 10,279 2004 12,081 2005 25,041 2006 35,984 2007 49,399 2008 66,448 2009 83,636 2010 101,356 2011 119,482 (Data as of December 18, 2012) To Top Number of Registered Studies With Posted Results Over Time The graph below shows the number of registered studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, based on the Results First Received Date. ClinicalTrials.gov launched its results database in September 2008, at which time sponsors or investigators were allowed to begin submitting results for their registered studies. The results database was developed to accommodate results submission requirements outlined in FDAAA. (Data as of December 18, 2012) Years with numbers of registered studies having posted results Year Total Number of Registered Studies With Posted Results 2009 1,795 2010 3,459 2011 5,742 (Data as of December 18, 2012) This page last reviewed in August 2012 To Top 数据来源: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/resources/trends See Studies on Map Map of All Studies in ClinicalTrials.gov Click on the map below to show a more detailed map (when available) or search for studies (when map not available). Region Name Number of Studies World 137539 Africa 3094 Central America 1827 East Asia 11668 Japan 2555 Europe 36903 Middle East 5582 North America 72205 Canada 10420 Mexico 1772 United States 65858 North Asia 2530 Pacifica 3834 South America 4650 South Asia 2472 Southeast Asia 2763 Hints: Click on a link to show a map of that region Click on a link to search for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region. Studies with no locations are not included in the counts or on the map. Studies with multiple locations are included in each region containing locations. See Studies on Map Map of All Studies in ClinicalTrials.gov Click on the map below to show a more detailed map (when available) or search for studies (when map not available). Region Name Number of Studies World 137539 East Asia 11668 China 3434 Hong Kong 771 Korea, Republic of 3902 Mongolia 6 Taiwan 2836 Hints: Click on a link to show a map of that region Click on a link to search for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region. Studies with no locations are not included in the counts or on the map. Studies with multiple locations are included in each region containing locations. 数据来源: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/search/map?map=ES
军事医学、灾害医学、急救医学三者关系研究信息分析报告 检索策略 ("military medicine" OR ("military" AND "medicine" ) OR "military medicine" ) AND ("medicine" OR "medicine" ) AND ("emergency medicine" OR ("emergency" AND "medicine" ) OR "emergency medicine" ) 信息分析平台 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/AnneOTate_summarize.cgi?ID=24954t=fw=m 信息分析结果 Topics Frq 1 Military Medicine 916 2 Emergency Medical Services 511 3 Military Personnel 326 4 War 264 5 Wounds and Injuries 217 6 Emergency Medicine 169 7 Triage 141 8 Disaster Planning 131 9 Emergency Service, Hospital 125 10 Disasters 124 11 Great Britain 115 12 Transportation of Patients 113 13 Hospitals, Military 110 14 USSR 103 15 History, 20th Century 96 16 Emergency Treatment 79 17 Naval Medicine 77 18 Emergencies 75 19 Retrospective Studies 73 20 Emergency Medical Technicians 72 Important words Frq 1 military 710 2 battlefield 91 3 austere 41 4 casualty 257 5 civilian 191 6 emergency 770 7 medic 63 8 combat 191 9 katrina 6 10 afghanistan 58 11 tactical 54 12 disaster 144 13 army 138 14 iraq 56 15 triage 92 16 soldier 89 17 evacuation 127 18 tsunami 10 19 deployed 66 20 battalion 20 Author frq 1 Deuster PA 40 2 De Lorenzo RA 18 3 Smith JE 18 4 Gerhardt RT 16 5 Hodgetts TJ 16 6 Holcomb JB 16 7 Blackbourne LH 14 8 Singh A 14 9 Bebarta VS 10 10 Burkle FM 10 11 Mahoney PF 10 12 Cinar O 9 13 Hodgetts T 9 14 Nechaev EA 9 15 O'Connor FG 9 16 Poth M 8 17 Russell R 8 18 Bland SA 7 19 Deuster P 7 20 Eryilmaz M 7 Affiliations frq 1 USA 323 2 Department of Emergency Medicine 225 3 Bethesda 100 4 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 76 5 Fort Sam Houston 73 6 Department of Military and Emergency Medicine 62 7 Texas 45 8 Department of Surgery 43 9 Brooke Army Medical Center 41 10 Royal Centre for Defence Medicine 36 11 San Antonio 33 12 San Diego 30 13 Ankara 27 14 Birmingham 26 15 TX 26 16 Maryland 25 17 Israel 24 18 MD 24 19 Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine 22 20 Gulhane Military Medical Academy 22 Journals frq 1 Mil Med 278 2 Voen Med Zh 190 3 J R Army Med Corps 122 4 Ann Emerg Med 56 5 J Trauma 42 6 Aviat Space Environ Med 34 7 Prehosp Disaster Med 32 8 J Emerg Med 29 9 Acad Emerg Med 27 10 Am J Emerg Med 22 11 J Spec Oper Med 19 12 J R Nav Med Serv 17 13 Prehosp Emerg Care 17 14 Injury 14 15 Emerg Med J 13 16 US Army Med Dep J 13 17 Emerg Med Clin North Am 12 18 JAMA 11 19 Vojnosanit Pregl 11 20 Crit Care Med 9 Years 1 2012 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 2011 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3 2010 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 4 2009 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5 2008 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 6 2007 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 7 2006 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 8 2005 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 9 2004 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 10 2003 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 11 2002 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 12 2001 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 2000 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 14 1999 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 15 1998 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 16 1997 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 17 1996 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 18 1995 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 19 1994 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 20 1993 xxxxxxxxxxxxx Topics Frq Most recent articles 217 1 Emergency Medical Services 511 2 Military Personnel 326 3 War 264 4 Wounds and Injuries 217 5 Emergency Medicine 169 6 Disaster Planning 131 7 Emergency Service, Hospital 125 8 History, 20th Century 96 9 Emergency Treatment 79 10 Naval Medicine 77 11 Emergencies 75 12 Emergency Medical Technicians 72 13 Aerospace Medicine 48 14 Prospective Studies 43 15 Exercise 17 Miscellaneous 215 附件 214篇文献 pubmed_result.txt.gzip
附件(中英文对照): 2.1.1 - PRISMA 2009 Checklist.doc Section/topic 项目 # 编号 Checklist item 条目清单 Reported on page # TITLE 标题 Title 标题 1 Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both. 明确本研究报告是系统综述、 meta 分析.还是两者兼有 ABSTRACT 摘要 Structured summary 结构式摘要 2 Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; systematic review registration number. 提供结构式摘要 , 包括背景、目的、资料来源、纳入研究的标准、研究对象和下预措施、研究评价和综 合的方法、结果、局限性,结论和主要发现、系统综述的注册号 INTRODUCTION 前言 Rationale 理论基础 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known. 介绍当前已知的研究理论基础 Objectives 目的 4 Provide an explicit statement of questions being addressed with reference to participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes, and study design (PICOS). 通过对研究对象、干预措施、对照措施、结局指标和研究类型 (participants , interventions , comparisons , outcomes , study design , P1C()s)5 个方面为导向的问题提出所需要解决的清晰明确的研究问题 METHODS 方法 Protocol and registration 方案和注册 5 Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g., Web address), and, if available, provide registration information including registration number. 如果已有研究方案,则说明方案内容并给出可获得该方案的途径 ( 如网址 ) ,并且提供现有的已注 册的研究信息,包括注册号 Eligibility criteria 纳入标准 6 Specify study characteristics (e.g., PICOS, length of follow - up) and report characteristics (e.g., years considered, language, publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale. 将指定的研究特征 ( 如 PICOS 和随访的期限 ) 和报告的特征 ( 如检索年限、语种和发表情况 ) 作为 纳入研究的标准.并给出合理的说明 Information sources 信息来源 7 Describe all information sources (e.g., databases with dates of coverage, contact with study authors to identify additional studies) in the search and date last searched. 针对每次检索及最终检索的结果描述所有文献信息的来源 ( 如资料库文献,与研究作者联系获取 相应的文献 ) Search 检索 8 Present full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated. 至少说明一个资料库的检索方法。包含所有的检索策略的使用,使得检索结果可以重现 Study selection 研究选择 9 State the process for selecting studies (i.e., screening, eligibility, included in systematic review, and, if applicable, included in the meta - analysis). 说明纳入研究被选择的过程 ( 包括初筛、合格性鉴定及纳入系统综述等步骤,据实还可包括纳入 meta 分析的过程 ) Data collection process 资料提取 10 Describe method of data extraction from reports (e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators. 描述资料提取的方法 ( 例如顶提取表格、独立提取、重复提取 ) 以及任何向报告作者获取或确认资料的过程 Data items 资料条目 11 List and define all variables for which data were sought (e.g., PICOS, funding sources) and any assumptions and simplifications made. 列出并说明所有资料相关的条目 ( 如 PICOS 和资金来源 ) ,以及作出的任何推断和简化形式 Risk of bias in individual studies 单个研究存在的偏倚 12 Describe methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies (including specification of whether this was done at the study or outcome level), and how this information is to be used in any data synthesis. 描述用于评价单个研究偏倚的方法 ( 包括该方法是否用于研究层面或结局层面 ) ,以及在资料综合 中该信息如何被利用 Summary measures 概括效应指标 13 State the principal summary measures (e.g., risk ratio, difference in means). 说明主要的综合结局指标,如危险度比值 (risk ratio) 、均值差 (difference in means) Synthesis of results 结果综合 14 Describe the methods of handling data and combining results of studies, if done, including measures of consistency (e.g., I 2 ) for each meta - analysis. 描述结果综合的方法,如果进行了 meta 分析。则说明异质性检验的方法 Page 1 of 2 Risk of bias across studies 研究偏倚 15 Specify any assessment of risk of bias that may affect the cumulative evidence (e.g., publication bias, selective reporting within studies). 详细评估可能影响数据综合结果的可能存在的偏倚 ( 如发表偏倚和研究中的选择性报告偏倚 ) Additional analyses 其他分析 16 Describe methods of additional analyses (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression), if done, indicating which were pre - specified. 对研究中其他的分析方法进行描述 ( 如敏感性分析或亚组分析, meta 回归分析 ) ,并说明哪些分析是预先制定的 RESULTS 结果 Study selection 研究选择 17 Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram. 报告初筛的文献数,评价符合纳入标准的文献数以及最终纳入研究的文献数。同时给出每一步排 除文献的原因,最好提供漉程图 Study characteristics 研究特征 18 For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and provide the citations. 说明每一个被提取资料的文献的特征 ( 如样本含量、 PICOS 和随访时间 ) 并提供引文出处 Risk of bias within studies 研究内部偏倚风险 19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12). 说明每个研究中可能存在偏倚的相关数据。如果条件允许,还需要说明结局层面的评估 ( 见条目 12) Results of individual studies 单个研究的结果 20 For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for each intervention group (b) effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot. 针对所有结局指标 ( 有效性或有害性 ) 。说明每个研究的各干预组结果的简单合并 (a) 。以及综合效应值及其可信区间 (b) 。最好以森林图形式报告 Synthesis of results 结果的综合 21 Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency. 说明每个 meta 分析的结果,包括可信区间和异质惟检验的结果 Risk of bias across studies 研究间偏倚 22 Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15). 说明研究间可能存在偏倚的评价结果 ( 见条目 15) Additional analysis 其他分析 23 Give results of additional analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression ). 如果有,给出其他分析的结果 ( 如敏感性分析或哑组分析. meta 一回归分析,见条目 16) DISCUSSION 讨论 Summary of evidence 证据总结 24 Summarize the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their relevance to key groups (e.g., healthcare providers, users, and policy makers). 总结研究的主要发现,包括每一个主要结局的证据强度;分析它们与主要利益集团的关联性 ( 如医疗保健的提供者、使用者及政策决策者 ) Limitations 局限性 25 Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review-level (e.g., incomplete retrieval of identified research, reporting bias). 探讨研究层面和结局层面的局限性 ( 如偏倚的风险 ) ,以及系统综述的局限性 ( 如检索不全面,报告 偏倚等 ) Conclusions 26 Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research. 给出对结果的概要性的解析,并提出对未来研究的提示 FUNDING 资金支持 Funding 资金 27 Describe sources of funding for the systematic review and other support (e.g., supply of data); role of funders for the systematic review. 描述本系统综述的资金来源和其他支持 ( 如提供资料 ) 以及资助者在完成系统综述巾所起的作用 From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(6): e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097 For more information, visit: www.prisma - statement.org .
分析平台 http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB1mOWEB10O00d000j10020001000h00100090000 检索用词 HapMap Project 分析结果 433 documents semantically analyzed 文献的年代分布 Top Years Publications 2008 73 2007 70 2009 65 2006 65 2010 62 2011 46 2005 28 2004 17 2003 5 2002 1 1 2 文献的国家地区分布 Top Countries Publications USA 198 United Kingdom 47 China 30 Japan 22 Germany 10 Singapore 9 Canada 8 South Korea 8 Spain 8 Hong Kong 8 Italy 6 Australia 5 Switzerland 4 India 4 Sweden 4 Ireland 4 Brazil 3 Taiwan 3 Egypt 3 Denmark 3 1 2 文献的城市分布 1 2 3 ... 8 Top Cities Publications Chicago 20 Boston 16 Oxford, United Kingdom 14 San Diego 13 Bethesda 11 Tokyo 11 Cambridge, USA 10 Singapore, Singapore 9 Beijing, China 8 Hong Kong, Hong Kong 8 New York City 8 Belfast 7 Seattle 7 Shanghai, China 6 Seoul, South Korea 6 Chapel Hill 6 St. Louis 6 Ann Arbor 5 Houston 5 Cleveland 5 1 2 3 ... 8 文献的期刊分布 1 2 3 ... 10 Top Journals Publications Am J Hum Genet 21 Bioinformatics 17 Plos Genet 15 Eur J Hum Genet 14 Genome Res 13 Genet Epidemiol 12 Hum Genet 11 Plos One 11 Bmc Genomics 10 Bmc Bioinformatics 10 Hum Mol Genet 9 Pharmacogenomics 8 Nat Genet 8 Bmc Genet 7 Genetics 7 Nature 6 Methods Mol Biol 5 Hum Hered 5 Hum Mutat 5 Nat Rev Genet 5 1 2 3 ... 10 文献的研究主题分布 1 2 3 ... 107 Top Terms Publications Humans 332 Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide 299 Genotype 268 Genomics 247 Genome 237 Genes 235 Genome, Human 190 Haplotypes 186 Alleles 159 Variation (Genetics) 156 Linkage Disequilibrium 140 Nucleotides 130 Gene Frequency 111 Chromosome Mapping 97 Genetic Predisposition to Disease 96 Genetics, Population 86 Chromosomes 78 DNA 78 Phenotype 77 Asian Continental Ancestry Group 75 1 2 3 ... 107 文献的作者分布 1 2 3 ... 105 Top Authors Publications Daly M 8 De Bakker P 7 Cardon L 7 Pritchard J 5 Deloukas P 5 Gunderson K 4 Dolan M 4 Stephens M 4 Altshuler D 4 Dermitzakis E 4 Abecasis G 4 Schork N 4 Clark A 4 Donnelly P 3 McLeod H 3 Qiu X 3 Stram D 3 Collins F 3 Morton N 3 Montpetit A 3 1 2 3 ... 105 背景资料: 国际人类基因组单体型图计划(简称HapMap计划)是由加拿大、中国、日本、尼日利亚、英国和美国共同资助和合作进行的项目,旨在建立一个将帮助研究者发现人类疾病及其对药物反应的相关基因的公众资源。 详见 " 国际人类基因组单体型图计划相关资料 ” http://snp.cshl.org/index.html.zh 国际人类基因组单体型图计划(The International HapMap Project,HapMap) 国际人类基因组 单体型图 计划( The International HapMap Project )是继国际人类基因组计划( The Human Genome Project , HGP )之后人类基因组研究领域的又一个重大研究计划。 HapMap 计划起始于 2002 年 ,由美、加、中、日、英、尼日利亚等国研究机构发起、参与及完成。中国科学家们由 中科院北京基因组所 牵头,承担 3 号、 21 号和 8 号染色体短臂单体型图的构建 ,约 占总计划的 10 % 。项目共 取样 270 个正常个体 ,其中 欧洲 30 个三联家系 , 亚洲 45 个中国人, 45 个日本人 , 非洲 30 个三联家系 。一期计划于 2005 年完成,共 成功分型 100 多万个多态性位点,也称单核苷酸多态性( SNP )位点, 全基因组平均 3kb 一个 SNP 位点 。由于染色体 块状结构 ,也即连锁不平衡的存在, 一期数据 可以捕获大部分基因组上的遗传差异信息。 二期数据共成功分型 300 多万个 SNP 位点,密度约为一期数据的 3 倍 ,构建起一张精度更高信息更完整的 多人种遗传多态图谱 。可以说 正是这些遗传多态位点的存在,在遗传体质上,你我之间有了个体差异,不同人种之间有了种群差异 。 HapMap 计划建立了人类全基因组遗传多态图谱,依据这张图谱我们可以进一步研究基因组的结构特点以及 SNP 位点在人群间的分布情况, 为群体遗传学的研究提供数据 , 为遗传性疾病致病基因在基因组上的定位提供高密度的 SNP 位点 。 二期数据的在密度上大大提高,给各种基因组精细研究提供了更大的支持。 结合群体遗传学的研究手段,我们可以更加深入地去观察和研究 使我们之所以成为我们的基因组 。 重组率推算提供了我们一张基因组进化痕迹图 ; 连锁不平衡的计算给了我们一张基因组块状连锁结构图 ; 种群差异 FST 的计算让我们看到一张 种群间基因组结构差异图 ; SNP 的杂合情况告诉我们人类基因组上受到选择的区域或区域内的基因 ;利用 SNP 位点向两边延伸的长度差异情况,我们可以观察到一些基因组上近期正在进行的选择事件,甚至是当前正在悄悄进行中的进化,因为新产生的突变位点传代较少,它和周围位点的连锁情况受重组事件的影响较小,另一方面 优势突变也会因选择压力的存在使周围的重组受到影响 …... 当然 这些不同的指标中也隐藏了人类成长过程中的一些信息,例如迁徙,战争,灾难,繁盛等各种对基因组遗传多态性产生影响的历史事件。 高密度的 SNP 位点,为 全基因组相关性分析( GWA ) 提供了可能,以往遗传学上定位基因的使用较多的工具是微卫星,这一套新产生的 SNP 位点弥补了 微卫星在基因组上分布不够均匀,以及密度不够高的缺点 , SNP 联合微卫星将使目的基因的精细定位更加可行 。目前已经有很多致病基因借助 SNP 数据得到定位。另外,根据 SNP 在基因的不同功能元件中的分布情况和基因在细胞中的表达情况,我们可以研究基因上的不同元件序列是如何控制蛋白表达进而影响个体表型的。 伴随着 HapMap 二期数据的产出和各种实验技术的进一步发展以及更加大量的基因组序列数据加入到人类的知识库中,我们将能更加完整更加深入和更加正确地认识我们自己,认识自然界的奥秘,揭示生命的本质。 HapMap 是人类基因组中常见遗传多态位点的目录,它描述了这些 变异的形式 、 在 DNA 上存在的位置 、 在同一群体内部和不同人群间的分布状况 。 HapMap 计划并不是利用 HapMap 中的信息来建立特定的遗传变异与某一疾病之间的联系,而是 为其他研究者提供相关信息使之能够将遗传多态位点和特定疾病风险联系起来,从而为预防、诊断和治疗疾病提供新的方法。 what is HapMap 我们细胞中的 DNA 是由四种基本化学 “ 构件 ”—— 腺嘌呤( A )、胸腺嘧啶( T )、胞嘧啶( C )和鸟嘌呤( G )所组成的长链。人类细胞中的 23 对染色体就是由多于 60 亿个这种化学单位排列而成。这些遗传序列包含的信息可以影响我们的身体性状、罹患疾病的可能性以及身体对遇到的外界物质的反应。 不同人的遗传序列极为相似。若比较两个人的染色体,他们的 DNA 序列上可以连续数百个核甘酸都是相同的。然而, 平均约每 1200 个碱基就会有一个核甘酸的不同 。在一个位点上某人是 A ,另一个人却有可能是 G ;或者某人在特定的位点上多出或者缺失一些碱基或 DNA 片段。 染色体上每一个不同的 “ 拼写 ” 被称作一个等位位点 ( allele ), 一个人染色体上的所有等位位点的集合就是基因型 。 不同个体的碱基的差别是目前最常见的遗传多态现象,这些遗传上的差别称为单核苷酸多态性或 SNPs (发音为 “ snips ” )。国际人类基因组 单体型图计划 通过识别在人类基因组中常见的大约一千万个 SNPs 的大多数,来确定人类的大部分遗传多样性的分子基础。 对遗传学家来说, SNPs 也是进行基因定位的分子标记。比如说基因上一个拼写的改变会增加罹患高血压的风险,但是研究者们并不知道这个基因在染色体上的位置。他们可以比较高血压患者和正常人的 SNPs 。 如果某一个 SNP 在高血压患者中很常见,就可以把这个 SNP 作为标记来定位和识别与这一疾病相关的基因。 然而,检测人类染色体上所有的一千万个常见 SNPs 的费用极其昂贵。 HapMap 的构建将使得遗传学家可以利用 SNPs 及其它遗传上的变异在染色体上的组成特点。一些相互邻近的多态位点趋向于在一起共同遗传。例如,对于所有那些在某一位点是 A 而不是 G 的人来说,该位点周围染色体区域上的 SNPs 状况很可能是一致的。这些变异连锁的区域就是单体型。 See The Origins of Haplotypes.In a given population, 55 percent of people may have one version of a haplotype, 30 percent may have another, 8 percent may have a third, and the rest may have a variety of less common haplotypes. The International HapMap Project is identifying these common haplotypes in four populations from different parts of the world. It also is identifying "tag" SNPs that uniquely identify these haplotypes. By testing an individual's tag SNPs (a process known as genotyping), researchers will be able to identify the collection of haplotypes in a person's DNA. The number of tag SNPs that contain most of the information about the patterns of genetic variation is estimated to be about 300,000 to 600,000, which is far fewer than the 10 million common SNPs. 在人类染色体的很多区域中,只发现了少数的几种单体型。在一个特定人群中, 55 %的人可能拥有同一种单体型, 30 %的人可能拥有另一种单体型, 8 %的人可能拥有第三种单体型,而其余的人可能拥有若干种稀有的单体型。 HapMap 计划将鉴定来自世界不同地区的四个群体的常见单体型,以及特异识别这些单体型的标签 SNPs 。通过检测个体的标签 SNPs (该过程称为基因分型),研究者就可以鉴定一个人的单体型的集合。估计包含了大多数遗传变异的模式信息的标签 SNPs 的数量大约是 30 万至 60 万,远远少于一千万个常见 SNPs 。 一旦从 HapMap 中获得 标签 SNPs 的信息,研究者将能利用它们来定位与重要医学特征相关的基因。假设研究者想要找到与高血压相关的遗传变异,他并不需要确定一个人的所有 SNPs 的类型,而只须对少得多的标签 SNPs 进行基因分型 就可以得到一个人的单体型的集合。研究者可以集中研究可能与疾病相关的特定候选基因,也可以纵观整个基因组来找到与疾病相关联的染色体区域。如果高血压患者都倾向于具有一个特别的单体型,与该疾病相关的变异位点很可能就在这个 单体型内部或邻近区域 。 HapMap五周年回顾 作者简介:曾长青,中国科学院北京基因组所研究员,博士生导师。CUSBEA奖学金、百人计划、杰出青年基金、首批新世纪百千万人才工程国家级人选获得者。作为“十五”重大攻关项目课题组长、国际HapMap计划Steering Committee Member和 “中华单体型图协作组”召集人,负责HapMap“中国卷”的实施。主要从事疾病相关基因定位、群体遗传学和基因组多态研究,部分成果在Nature,Nature Genetics, PNAS等杂志发表。 今年10月,是人类基因组国际HapMap计划启动8周年和这一重大国际合作的主要任务完成5周年。几年间,全球范围的基因组特别是人类基因组的研究,已经成为生命科学的最前沿学科,HapMap也成为应用最为广泛、深入并不断完善更新的人类最大数据库。本文回顾性介绍HapMap计划及其近年来在基因组学和人类健康领域的重要作用。 1、人类基因组的HapMap和国际HapMap计划 (1)何谓HapMap HapMap是Haplotype Map 的简称,Haplo意为单一,在基因组中专指来自父母的一对染色体中的一条。Haplotype就是单条染色体中的一段,译作单体型(有人译作单倍型),是描述遗传差异的一种主要方式。DNA作为遗传物质,不但编码了物种间的差异,物种内不同个体之间的差异也含在其中,均表现为基因组之间的DNA序列差异,也就是基因组的多态性上。 http://www.big.ac.cn/xwzx/kyjz/201101/t20110112_3060088.html