最近注意到 镜子博主 emerge了两篇博文谈 emergence的翻译 问题。纯粹学术问题,就在于热烈讨论,所以这里也就跟风,emerge一篇博文谈emerge和emergence的含义。 当然,上述博文里面引述了物理学大家的高论,比较玄虚! 我是小人物,自然谈些小方面的理解。 我对emerge的理解,就是纯粹一个动词而已,词义相当于appear,但是有些专用。 第一次准确接触这个词,是当年学习驾车的时候: 比如,你开车/骑车/架牛车/骑驴等,从一个小路口/小胡同出来,进入大路/主路,这个过程准确叫做emerge,已经在大路上的,就会看见你emerge(出来),或者看到一个小车的emergence(出现),形象地说,你从小路到大路口的时候,先要几乎/就是停下来,之后看看大路上的交通情况再决定什么时候和怎样加进去车流。当然,从主路进入支路,就不能叫做emerge,应该叫做拐进去(turn in)。这里emerge暗含的意思是,大路上的几乎不知道你要出来,你出来的时候也是有着十二分小心的,主路上的车看到你emerge的时候,也都怀着小心,没准给你让车,让你加进来,或者加速冲过去,给你腾空位。当然,遇到开车的猛人,直接冲进主路上去了,就叫做突然emerge, 发生车祸的可能性很大的。 这个理解清楚了,说明emerge的基本含义已经掌握了,其它理解顺推。 一个科学新现象的出现(appearance),就是emerge。比如说,最近,超分辨光学显微技术的emerge,给细胞生物学领域带来了重大的影响。施一公和饶毅在中国科学界的emerge,带来了一股新气息新气象。 铁剂超导是新近才emerge的一类新的超导体;拓扑颇绝缘体是新近才emerge的一类新型材料;欧洲的高能实验使黑格斯粒子emerge 等等。 在我的领域,激光要开始工作的时候,先增加电流,很弱的情况下,是一个宽带的发光峰,当电流增大到一定强度(阈值)时,一个窄峰(激光峰)就emerge,激光开始工作了 。 对于超导体,当温度降低到一定值得时候,超导电流/库珀对就emerge了。 对此,emerge一词就解释清楚了。emergence就是一个名词,使用和emerge一样。我觉得就是指emerge的过程和出来的现象,通常包含着含义是比较新颖,有兴趣。 我觉得有些学究就特别爱把简单的事情弄复杂,给emergence很难理解的样子,让人摸不着头脑,让人以为自己很高,证明自己是大家,就是大方之家。 补充一下英语词典里面的解释: emerge, verb to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something (从某事情中显现出来,或者从某事情后面出来) She emerged from the sea, blue with cold. he runway lights flashed on, and the first models emerged from behind the stage set. fig. We debated which of the candidate will emerge (= result) as the winner. • to come to the end of a difficult period or experience The Prince emerged unscathed from the scandal. (= He came out of it with no damage to his reputation) . COME OUT (出来) to appear from somewhere or come out of somewhere: A figure emerged from the shadows. BECOME KNOWN (变成已知) to become known: It emerged that she had lied to her employers. DIFFICULT SITUATION (渡过困难) to reach the end of a difficult situation: They emerged victorious from the fight. The facts behind the scandal are sure to emerge eventually. It has emerged that secret talks had been going on between the two companies before the takeover was announced. She's the most exciting British singer to emerge on the pop scene for a decade. emergence , noun the process of appearing: (出现的过程) The agreement set the stage for the company's emergence from bankruptcy. ( BECOMING KNOWN ) ( 变为已知 ) when something becomes known or starts to exist China's emergence as an economic power 。 the emergence of a new strain of the HIV virus ( APPEARING ) formal when someone appears by coming out from behind something Unfortunately, I misjudged the timing of my emergence. • when someone or something comes to the end of a difficult period or experience the country's emergence from bankruptcy 到这里,基本意义和含义就讲清楚了。我推荐直接翻译为咱们正宗汉语中的, 崭露头脚 ,露头,冒出来,破土而出, 出头鸟 等等。至于一地的麦苗/禾苗刚刚露出来,嫩嫩的碧绿,那种景象很好看,就是 emergence。或者一地的麦穗/稻穗,一眼望不到边,这样的 emergence看起来也很爽。汉语言已经发展得很成熟了,应该是世界上最古老最完善的一门语言,很多翻译直接拿来用就可以了,没有必要创造新词。 至于国内外有些大家,爱怎么玩就怎么玩吧,相信不会超出上述范围,那就引申去吧! 还记得,有个 章太炎 的大家,就 爱玩弄文字游戏,自己的四个女儿起名字用了很难的字,结果无人认识,出嫁都有了问题。
Emergence 这个英文单词有点特殊,它和另一个更常见的单词Emergency长得很象。不过,这两个单词都是名词,它们的意思相差很远。 Emergency 一般人都很熟悉,它的意思是 意外,紧急,急救,表达的是一种危急的状态,需要立刻采取行动。 Emergence 不太常用,大概可以算得上是GRE单词。 下面是韦伯词典在线的解释: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/emergence emergence Definition of EMERGENCE 1 : the act or an instance of emerging 2 : any of various superficial outgrowths of plant tissue usually formed from both epidermis and immediately underlying tissues 3 : penetration of the soil surface by a newly germinated plant Examples of EMERGENCE the emergence of the Internet as an important means of communication the economy's emergence from a recession First Known Use of EMERGENCE 1704 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 简单的翻译可以说是:出现,浮现,发芽。 不过,要是你能够上Wikepedia,可以看到那里面的内容非常丰富。下面给出链接,并且摘下几段。 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. Emergence is central to the theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. 【象哲学一样枯燥难懂】 In philosophy, emergence is often understood to be a much stronger claim about the etiology of a system's properties. An emergent property of a system, in this context, is one that is not a property of any component of that system, but is still a feature of the system as a whole . Nicolai Hartmann, one of the first modern philosophers to write on emergence, termed this categorial novum (new category). 。。。。。。。 里面还有很多充满学究气的文字,抄多了读者都会烦。下面来点简单的。 上面是 一张唱片 的图片。它是费城的宾州大学(UPenn)一个亚洲学生乐队PennYo【注】的作品。那张唱片的英文名字就叫 Emergence, 中文名字是 无中生友。 看到这里,读者们大概比较容易理解这次词的意思了。 学以致用,这里用它造个句: Many peopleare pleasedto see the emergence ofcomprehensive reports on Xiao Chuanguo's academic work in the websites of main stream media in China, for example, http://topics.gmw.cn/node_9803.htm 【注】PennYo 的网页和2005年的那场演出节目: http://www.dolphin.upenn.edu/pennyo/shows/spring2005.html 那时,我刚搬到费城不久,由于是新地方需要熟悉neighborhood, 就注册了Upenn的CSSA listserv。 从那里我了解到PennYo和他们的演出。他们通过CSSA发布演出消息并且赠送了一些门票。我也有幸得到了两张免费的票。不过,在欣赏完他们的精彩演出之后,我给他们邮寄了一张相当于两张票价的支票,算是感谢他们的辛苦劳动,并且在信中表示非常喜欢他们的节目。没想到,那张支票感动了整个乐队。他们给我回寄了一张整个乐队的合影和每个人的签名,还有下一次演出的门票。 这下真的把我这个N年前的珞珈山歌迷协会会员给感动得不行... ...