王应宽 Wang Yingkuan Beijing, China 2015-11-03 国际出版商协会主席 在阿拉伯出版商大会上的致辞 2015 年 11 月 2 日，国际出版商协会 IPA 主席 Richard Charkin 出席在阿联酋沙加召开的 3 届阿拉伯出版商大会并在开幕式发表演讲。 Richard 指出，积极参与就会创造机会支持我们的同事，不参与就一无所成。出版业基于商业，而商业基于沟通和诚信。以下是讲话的全文，主题涉及数字转型、创新、版权和出版自由。 Engagement gives us a chance to support ourcolleagues. said Richard Charkin 2 November 2015 Richard Charkin, IPA President spoke today at the opening of the 3rd Arab PublishersConference in Sharjah, UAE. You can find here below the integrality of hisspeech on digital transition, creation, copyright and freedom to publish. YourHighness, Sheikh Dr. Sultan Bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, Ruler of Sharjah. YourExcellencies, Ladies, Gentlemen, friends, colleagues, competitors. Iam honoured and delighted to be attending the Arab Publishers Conference forthe second time. It is particularly important for me wearing my relatively newhat as President of the International Publishers Association (IPA). Our twoassociations share a number of members and in very recent times IPA has beenable to welcome the publishers associations of Saudi Arabia and Tunisia as fullmembers and Jordan as a new provisional member. I hope there will be many morein the future. Publishingis facing what the Chinese call 'interesting times' as we learn to cope withdigital disruption, new and powerful technology entrants whose aims andobjectives are very different from those of traditional publishers, andGovernments of all persuasions who recognise the importance of publishing ineducation, culture, research and creativity but quite like to tinker with it. Inaddition, as evidenced by today’s ghastly news from Bangladesh, publishers areunder threat of violence, worldwide. Now,more than ever, publishers across the world need to stand together, to learnfrom each other, to ensure that the value of their authors' labours are notundermined, and that readers can have maximum access to books, illustrations,journals and knowledge hubs - in other words access to the world ofopportunity. Conferenceslike this and like the forthcoming IPA Congress organised in partnership withthe UK Publishers Association and the London Book Fair just before the LondonBook Fair in April next year are vital to ensure greater understanding of eachothers' issues and being able to obtain or offer support. Our businesses arebased on commerce, which is their strength; and commerce, particularlyinternational commerce, is based on communication and trust. TheArabic publishing community is well used to disruption, unfortunately all toofrequently, but that also gives it the flexibility and strength to adapt to newconditions such as digital technology. The youth in the Arab world are morethan digital natives, they are digital junkies (as are my grandchildren). Weneed rapidly to expand what we offer them so that the technology can deliverquality as well as quantity. Arabicis the fifth most spoken language worldwide with over 200 million nativespeakers. Yet translation to and from Arabic is far less than is surelypossible. The efforts of Kalima and the Sharjah International Book FairTranslation Grant Program here in UAE and of the Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation,which has delivered nearly 200 Arabic and English titles since 2010, may beturning the tide, but so much more could be done and, I suspect, will be done. Iwant to touch on a sensitive matter, freedom to publish. At the recent GeneralAssembly of the IPA held during the Frankfurt Book Fair our members had somedifficult choices to make about some member applications. Our statutes requiremembers to support the two fundamental pillars of our organization: support forcopyright and support for freedom to publish. The former is vital. Withoutcopyright we and our authors have no businesses and readers will have little orno choice of what to read. There was no dispute that all the associationsapplying to join were able to show their utter and complete commitment to that. Thesecond pillar is equally important but trickier. Different cultures operate indifferent ways. One person's freedom can be interpreted as another person's crime.The IPA is not there to judge a country's policies but it is there to supportpublishers associations in those countries where they are struggling againstabuses. Of course these things are not black and white. We live in an age ofcomplexity and ambiguity and some of our members believe that membership of IPAgives unjustified legitimacy to some regimes. I disagree and was delighted thatall the applications were accepted by a majority in a democratic vote. Weshall, of course, be monitoring our new members to ensure they comply with ourprinciples by means of a number of measures but my view is that engagementgives us a chance to support our colleagues whereas non-engagement bringsnothing. Fortunately most IPA delegates agreed but we must work to show thatthings can change. Atthe risk of embarrassing her, her Excellency, Sheikha Bodour's impact onPublishing in this region and her impact on the IPA itself has been immense andis an example to us all. That there is a session tomorrow on Freedom to Publishis a good sign. Iwould like to thank the Arab Publishers Association for having this conferenceand the Emirati Publishers Association for hosting it, and for the SharjahInternational Book Fair for doing so much to promote reading and publishing. AsI said at the beginning, I am honoured to be here. Thank you. Noteto editors: TheInternational Publishers Association is the international federation ofnational, regional and specialized publishers associations, representing allaspects of global book publishing. IPA is an industry association with ahuman rights mandate. It fights against censorship and promotes literacyand reading, copyright and freedom to publish around the world. www.internationalpublishers.org.
约翰弥尔顿(John Milton，1608-1674)以其著名长诗《失乐园》和《得乐园》而闻名世界文坛。弥尔顿1608年12月9日出生于伦敦一个富裕的清教徒家庭。弥尔顿从小喜爱读书，尤其喜爱文学。1625年16岁时入剑桥大学，并开始写诗，1632年取得硕士学位。因目睹当时国教日趋反动，他放弃了当教会牧师的念头，闭门攻读文学6年，一心想写出能传世的伟大诗篇。1638年弥尔顿为增长见闻到当时欧洲文化中心意大利旅行，拜会了当地的文人志士，其中有被天主教会囚禁的伽利略。弥尔顿深为伽利略在逆境中坚持真理的精神所感动。 1641年，弥尔顿站在革命的清教徒一边，开始参加宗教论战，反对封建王朝的支柱国教。他在一年多的时间里发表了5本有关宗教自由的小册子。最为著名的就是1644年的《论出版自由：论未经英格兰议会许可而出版的自由权演讲》（Areopagitica: A speech of Mr. John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England）。这是弥尔顿对议会1663年发出的出版许可令的回应，该令规定所有作者的书籍都要经过政府批准才可出版。这个演讲建立在一系列实用性和原则性的辩词上，这些辩词在今时今日已为人熟知。书籍在批准与否的情况下都应予以出版，弥尔顿将出版许可比作殷勤者为了赶走乌鸦而关上公园大门的举动。对于英格兰，一个有着敏锐和创新的精神，而非愚钝的民族，一个能从糟粕里挑出精华的民族来说，出版许可令是一种羞辱。最著名的一句是，误杀好人和误禁好书是一样的。杀人只是杀掉了一个理性的动物，毁掉了上帝之像；禁书确是禁掉了理性本身，毁掉的是瞳仁中的上帝圣像。刚探访完被囚禁在意大利监狱里的伽利略，弥尔顿恳求政府不要用政府暴政重演教会暴政的悲剧：给我自由，让我依着良心去知晓、去言说、去争辩，这是第一自由。 然而，英国议会并没有听取他的意见，审查制度也并没有废除，可是弥尔顿的演讲却成为了一座公民自由表达的纪念碑，也成为了他散文才华的重要标志，就像他的诗歌一样： 言论自由之利正像在躯体方面，当一个人的血液活鲜，各个基本器官与心智官能中的元气精液纯洁健旺，而这些官能又复于其机敏活泼的运用中恣骋其心智的巧慧的时候，往往可以说明这个躯体的状况与组织异常良好那样，同理，当一个民族心情欢快，意气欣欣，非但能绰有余裕地去保障其自身的自由与安全，且能以余力兼及种种坚实而崇高的争论与发明的时候，这也向我们表明了它没有倒退，没有陷入一蹶不振的地步，而是脱掉了衰朽腐败的陈皱表皮，经历了阵痛而重获青春，从此步入足以垂懿范于今兹的真理与盛德的光辉坦途。我觉得，我在自己的心中仿佛瞥见了一个崇高而勇武的国家，好像一个强有力者那样，正从其沉酣之中振身而起，风鬓凛然。我觉得，我仿佛瞥见它是一头苍鹰，正在振脱着它幼时的健翮，它那目不稍瞬的双睛因睁对中午的炎阳而被燃得火红，继而将它的久被欺诓的目光疾扫而下，俯瞰荡漾着天上光辉的清泉本身，而这时无数怯懦群居的小鸟，还有那些性喜昏暗时分的鸟类，却正在一片鼓噪，上下翻飞，对苍鹰的行径诧怪不已；而众鸟的这种恶毒的叽叽喳喳将预示着未来一年的派派系系。
标签: 出版自由
