今天在科学网博客的头条看到饶毅先生写的标题为 一个可能的诺贝尔化学奖 ，这让我想起了去年在我的丁香园博客写的一篇博文，即本文话题： 缘何诺贝尔化学奖钟爱生物医学方面的成果？这个问题，在饶毅先生的博文已经有所谈及，下面我就展开谈一下，限于自己的水平，权当和饶毅先生凑个热闹，望各位网友斧正。 我关心这一个话题的另一个原因就是我是学化学出身的，但是现在从事的工作却是属于生物医学领域的。我们先来看诺贝尔化学奖是否果真钟爱生物医学方面的成果，先用事实说话：下面是自 2000 年近十年来，诺贝尔化学奖的获奖人和获奖原因或者说主要贡献 ( 来自 Nobel Foundation 的官方网站 ， 2010 诺贝尔化学奖属于经典化学，就不再更新了 ) 2009, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome " 2008, Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP 2007, Gerhard Ertl for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces" 2006, Roger D. Kornberg for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription 2005, Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis 2004, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation 2003, Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels 2002, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution 2001, William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions 2000, Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa for the discovery and development of conductive polymers 红色标注部分就是生物医学方面（至少不是经典意义上的化学）的成果，一共占了十项中的６项，超过了一半，其中２００年的奖项是关于ＮＭＲ（核磁共振）的，说是化学还说的过去，但是，在此之前， Rabi 已经与 1944 年由于开创性的提出 NMR 的概念、理论而获诺贝尔物理奖，２年之后， , Felix Bloch 和 Edward Mills Purcell 于 1946 年将 NMR 首次应用于液体和固体，两人分享了 1952 的诺贝尔物理奖。近 40 年后， Richard Ernst 又由于发展了傅里叶变换 NMR （ FT NMR ）而获 1991 年的诺贝尔化学奖， 11 年后，即 2002 年 John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka 和 Kurt Wüthrich 三人共享了诺贝尔化学奖。所以ＮＭＲ可能是世界上颁发诺贝尔奖最多的一个领域，以后 NMR 在医学中的应用，即核磁共振成像也可能有诺贝尔奖获得。 2002 的 NMR 的诺贝尔化学奖获奖理由主要是：，正如诺贝尔化学奖提名委员会所述：＂ development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensi onal structure of biological macromolecules in solution ＂，也就是发展了用ＮＭＲ测定生物大分子（尤其是蛋白质）的三维空间结构，这其实应该算是生物物理的范畴。另外上述几项奖项，至少有两项是属于结构生物学方面，即 2009 和 2003 年有关核糖体和离子通道（都是很难解，获难结晶的结构）的三维空间结构，另外华裔钱永健（ Roger Y. Tsien ）共享的 2008 年的化学奖（关于绿色荧光蛋白ＧＦＰ），也和结构生物学有些关系，钱永健在 GFP 的结构解析和一系列的各种功能的突变体的构建方面有很多原创性的工作。值得一提的是这位华裔钱永健（顺便说一下， 2009 底，他曾来我所在的学校，本打算去追星，可惜错过 ），正如我在我的丁香园博文提到的，其发表的有关 GFP 的论文引用次数最高的是 1998 年发在 ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 的一篇综述，迄今已被引用 2202 次，关于 GFP 的他的引用次数最高的原创论文是 1997 年发在 Nature 上的一篇论文，迄今已被引用 1198 次，但是他的引用次数比这两篇文章高的多的文章确实有关 1985 年发在 JBC 上的一篇有关钙离子指示剂的原创（ article ）论文，引用次数高达： 18,068( 注：以上引用次数数据截止为 2010 年 9 月，未更新 ) ！ 很抱歉，上面有点跑题，重回正题：缘何诺贝尔化学奖钟爱生物医学方面的成果？我觉得原因时多面的：１）经典化学的发展速度似乎没有生物医学的发展快；２）化学领域的支持强度远没有生物医学大，比如光美国 NIH( 国立卫生研究院 ) 一年就要散出去３００亿美元的银子用于生物医学研究，这一数字超过了所有其它科学领域受资助的总和； 3)……. 但是我个人觉得 另外一个更可能的原因是和诺贝尔化学奖提名委员会委员的研究领域有关 。下面是诺贝尔化学奖提名委员会委员的名单和各自的研究领域（ ( 来自 Nobel Foundation 的官方网站 ) Nobel Committee for Chemistry 2010 Lars Thelander (Chairman) Professor Emeritus in Physiological Chemistry Astrid Grslund (Member, Secretary) Professor of Biophysics Jan-Erling Bckvall (Member) Professor of Organic Chemistry Mns Ehrenberg (Member) Professor of Molecular Biology Sven Lidin (Member) Professor of Inorganic Chemistry 其中的 Lars Thelander 是主席，是瑞典一知名大学的一退休教授 ( 和美国不同，和中国类似，欧洲大部分国家都有强制退休年龄 ) ，我在瑞典做博士后时，由于是同一个系，又在同一个楼层，所以经常看到他，该教授虽然从未获得过诺贝尔奖，但他本人的学术水平绝对是一流的 ( 当然和饶毅先生比可能还有差距 ) ，我10年前 年刚到瑞典不久，系里就开了个 party ，是专门为庆贺他发了篇 Cell ( 发 CNS 在国外也不容易 ) 。他那时就是诺贝尔化学奖评委，上面虽然说他是生理化学教授，但是他的研究方向和经典化学相去甚远，实际上，我当时所在的系的名字为： Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. 其余四位评委，只有两位是真正搞化学的（一有机、一无机），事实上上述评委的研究领域和近十年来的诺贝尔化学奖的获奖者的研究方向还是大致一致的，我觉得这不应该是偶然的巧合。这样的评奖委员会偏爱生物医学方面的成果，是非常令人理解的，我们不难推测，只要 Lars Thelander 教授还继续任诺贝尔化学奖提名委员会主席，今年和今后的几年，这种趋势可能还会继续下去。 （王守业草于 2010 年 9 月，修改于 2011 年 4 月 16 日，引文地址: http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=563591do=blogid=434056 ）
NATURE CHEMISTRY January 2011 Volume 3 Number 1, pp 1 - 90 Visit Nature Chemistry online to browse the journal. Now available at http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text access to Nature Chemistry online. To purchase a subscription, please visit: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library, please visit http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Submit to Nature Chemistry The online submission system for Nature Chemistry is open, and the editorial team welcome manuscripts describing cutting-edge research from all areas of chemistry. - manuscripts should be submitted through the online submission system http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 - the complete Guide for Authors can be viewed online http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== ---------------------- EDITORIAL ---------------------- Chemistry's year doi:10.1038/nchem.933 The United Nations has proclaimed 2011 to be the International Year of Chemistry. Under this banner, chemists should seize the opportunity to highlight the rich history and successes of our subject to a much broader audience - and explain how it can help to solve the global challenges we face today and in the future. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- THESIS ---------------------- The emergence of emergence Bruce C. Gibb doi:10.1038/nchem.934 Using chemical intuition often allows one to predict what might transpire on throwing a batch of chemicals into a beaker, but sometimes the unexpected can occur. Bruce C. Gibb discusses how you define an 'emergent phenomenon', recognizing that it's not a simple exercise and can actually be different for each of us. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- BOOK REVIEW ---------------------- Need to know Teyrnon Jones reviews The Chemist's Companion Guide to Patent Law by Chris P. Miller and Mark J. Evans doi:10.1038/nchem.935 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS ---------------------- Our choice from the recent literature doi:10.1038/nchem.936 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Blogroll: Fast cars and guitars doi:10.1038/nchem.937 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- NEWS AND VIEWS ---------------------- Self-assembly: Molecular recognition scaled up Jonathan W. Steed doi:10.1038/nchem.920 The mutual and specific recognition that can be exhibited between 'host' and 'guest' molecules occurs over very small length scales, but this phenomenon has now been demonstrated using macroscopic gels that self-assemble before your eyes. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Harada et al. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Silicide nanostructures: Spiralling into control Anne Pichon doi:10.1038/nchem.942 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Polycyclic aromatics: On-surface molecular engineering Jose A. Martin-Gago doi:10.1038/nchem.923 Rational synthesis of large polycyclic molecules is on its way. A bottom-up strategy for molecular assembly to tailor-make new molecules has been applied to fabricate nanographenes. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Treier et al. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Molecular helices: Breaking free of chiral symmetry Eiji Yashima doi:10.1038/nchem.939 Helical macromolecules are ubiquitous in nature, and almost always adopt a one-handed conformation. Synthetic systems, in contrast, are typically obtained in racemic right- and left-handed mixtures. A helical phenylene oligomer has now been prepared that forms a non-racemic mixture on crystallization, and on oxidation locks one conformation in. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Ohta et al. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Surface patterning: From 2D to 3D Steven De Feyter doi:10.1038/nchem.938 The self-assembly of molecules into porous two-dimensional networks on surfaces has been well studied in recent years, but now the concept has been extended to three dimensions with a little help from fullerene molecules. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Blunt et al. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Carbenes and alkylidenes: Spot the difference Daniel J. Mindiola and Jennifer Scott doi:10.1038/nchem.940 Transition-metal carbenes and alkylidenes are sometimes considered similar species with subtly different bonding and reactivities. Investigations into scandium and yttrium carbenes have raised questions about our understanding - and definition - of these widely used compounds. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Point of Care Testing This report explores the opportunities for POC testing provided by recent technology improvements, disease trends, and new marketing channels. It examines established and emerging health-related applications of POC diagnostics based on immunoassays, clinical chemistry, and nucleic acid testing. Within each market sector, leading companies, strategi es and products are examined. ===================================================================== ---------------------- CORRECTION ---------------------- Correction doi:10.1038/nchem.952 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- PERSPECTIVE ---------------------- Exchange-enhanced reactivity in bond activation by metal-oxo enzymes and synthetic reagents Sason Shaik, Hui Chen and Deepa Janardanan doi:10.1038/nchem.943 Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- ARTICLES ---------------------- Control and imaging of O(1D2) precession Shiou-Min Wu et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.929 Larmor precession of a quantum mechanical angular momentum vector about an applied magnetic field forms the basis for NMR spectroscopy, MRI and a range of other important analytical techniques. This precessional motion has now been imaged for the first time, using velocity-map imaging in a model system of strongly polarized oxygen atoms. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Macroscopic self-assembly through molecular recognition Akira Harada et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.893 Specific molecular-recognition interactions are often used to build supramolecular architectures on very small length scales - typically those of molecules or macromolecules. Now, it has been shown that a host-guest system based on cyclodextrin rings and hydrocarbon groups can be used to direct the self-assembly of objects from macroscopic gel-based building blocks. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by Steed http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Highly efficient photocatalytic oxygenation reactions using water as an oxygen source Shunichi Fukuzumi et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.905 Water is the most abundant oxygen source, and is used as such by nature in photosynthesis. Now, it has been shown that photocatalytic oxygenation of organic substrates proceeds efficiently with water as the oxygen source, a manganese(III) porphyrin oxygenation catalyst, and a ruthenium complex as a photocatalyst. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 The effect of isotopic substitution on the chirality of a self-assembled helix Seda Cantekin et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.889 Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides are known to self-assemble via intramolecular hydrogen bonding into helical columnar aggregates. Here it is shown that the introduction of a stereocentre by an isotopic substitution - replacing hydrogen for deuterium on the methylene groups next to the amide - is sufficient to direct the helicity of the formed aggregate. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Anion order in perovskite oxynitrides Minghui Yang et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.908 Oxynitrides of transition metals are emerging materials with useful properties and improved stability over corresponding nitrides, but a full understanding of their anion ordering has been lacking. Now, a neutron and electron diffraction study of the perovskites SrNbO2N and SrTaO2N reveals the chemical principles for anion order and their potential influence on materials properties. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Reversing the direction in a light-driven rotary molecular motor Nopporn Ruangsupapichat et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.872 Biological rotary motors can alter their mechanical function by changing the direction of rotary motion. Now, researchers have designed a synthetic light-driven rotary motor in which the direction of rotation can be reversed on command by changing the chirality of the molecular motor through base-induced epimerization. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation provides a synthetic route towards easily processable and chemically tailored nanographenes Matthias Treier et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.891 Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or nanographenes have huge potential for organic electronics applications, but it is challenging to synthesize them in a controlled way. Now, a surface chemical route has been used to produce tailored nanographenes with atomically precise control over the final structure. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by Martin-Gago http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Redox-responsive molecular helices with highly condensed -clouds Eisuke Ohta et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.900 Phenylene oligomers are shown to form left- and right-handed helices in solution, but a chiral symmetry-breaking process occurs on crystallization to give a non-racemic mixture of crystals that each contains only one enantiomer. One-electron oxidation of the oligomers suppresses the interconversion of the mirror-image helices in solution, locking-in one conformation and leading to chiral memory effects. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by Yashima http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Guest-induced growth of a surface-based supramolecular bilayer Matthew O. Blunt et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.901 The self-assembly of planar molecules at interfaces can produce porous nanostructured surfaces that allow the selective trapping of guest molecules. By careful choice of both network and guest molecule it is possible to promote controlled, reversible growth perpendicular to the surface in the form of a molecular bilayer. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by de Feyter http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Rapid room-temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline spinels as oxygen reduction and evolution electrocatalysts Fangyi Cheng et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.931 Ceramic preparation of spinels - materials useful for a wide range of applications - requires complicated procedures and heat treatment over long periods. Now, it is shown that rapid synthesis of nanocrystalline Co-Mn-O spinels can be achieved under ambient conditions, and the resulting nanoparticles exhibit considerable catalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxygen reduction/evolution reactions. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Surface-mediated chain reaction through dissociative attachment Tingbin Lim et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.930 Chain-reactions could provide an alternative method for surface patterning. Now the chain reaction of CH3Cl molecules on a silicon surface has been observed to create lines that are made up of alternating CH3 groups and Cl atoms. The reactions are propagated through surface-mediated charge-transfer and have been studied using microscopy and ab initio theory. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86m=36085526r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODk3MDQxMTUS1mt=1rt=0
NATURE CHEMISTRY November 2010 Volume 2 Number 11, pp 901 - 996 Visit Nature Chemistry online to browse the journal. Now available at http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text access to Nature Chemistry online. To purchase a subscription, please visit: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library, please visit http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== NPG Asia Materials - free weekly research highlights and field reviews by top materials researchers from the Asia-Pacific region. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Feature review: The electronic properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes Tsuneya Ando, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Latest reviews Volume 2 Issue 4, October 2010 Physics of single polymer chains | Green, self-healing coatings | Nanostructured thermoelectric materials Register for weekly email alerts and never miss the latest in Asian materials research! http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== Patty's Industrial Hygiene, 6th Edition http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Anticipate, recognise and evaluate hazardous workplace conditions with the latest edition of the most trusted reference in industrial hygiene. Thoroughly revised and updated, new chapters include: - Homeland security - Nanomaterials - Hospital safety - Emergency disaster response - International laws regulations, and more! Order in print here http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 or recommend the online edition http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 to your librarian. ===================================================================== Stay connected to Nature Chemistry. Follow us on Twitter: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== ---------------------- EDITORIAL ---------------------- Enhancing information p901 doi:10.1038/nchem.877 Experimental data is the foundation on which science is built. Providing easier ways to find and search it is one way in which new online technologies can help to advance research. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS ---------------------- Our choice from the recent literature pp902 - 903 doi:10.1038/nchem.880 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Blogroll: Different in theory p903 doi:10.1038/nchem.881 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- NEWS AND VIEWS ---------------------- Single-molecule kinetics: Caught in the act pp905 - 906 Sergi Garcia-Manyes doi:10.1038/nchem.882 The dynamics of a complex chemical reaction that occurs through a well-defined intermediate have been followed at the single-molecule level using a 'nanoreactor' set-up, revealing a primary hydrogen isotope effect that is invisible to ensemble experiments. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Lu et al. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Molecular binding: Under water's influence pp906 - 907 Gerhard Hummer doi:10.1038/nchem.885 Hydration is known to affect molecular-recognition processes, such as those between proteins and ligands. Now, theoretical simulations provide thermodynamic insight into cavity-ligand binding, revealing how it is predominantly driven by the behaviour of the few surrounding water molecules. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Enzyme dynamics: Control of active-site compression pp907 - 909 Judith P. Klinman doi:10.1038/nchem.886 Compression of the active sites of enzymes has been linked to the bulk of amino acid side chains, but now experiments highlight that the harder we look, the more curious the relationship between protein structure and function becomes. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Metal-organic frameworks: Model, make, measure pp909 - 911 George K. H. Shimizu doi:10.1038/nchem.883 Computational studies have been used to accurately model the properties of a metal-organic framework. The material, subsequently synthesized, lived up to the predicted high surface area and sorption ability. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Farha et al. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Micromechanics: Enzymatic actuators p911 Stephen Davey doi:10.1038/nchem.887 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Carbon allotropes: On the road to carbyne pp912 - 913 Michael M. Haley doi:10.1038/nchem.884 Chemists have now prepared the longest known stable subunit of the elusive all-carbon polymer - carbyne. Their results suggest that carbyne itself would have a polyyne-like rather than a cumulene structure. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 See also: Article by Chalifoux Tykwinski http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- CORRECTION ---------------------- X-ray spectroscopy: Transferring electrons to water p913 doi:10.1038/nchem.876 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- PERSPECTIVE ---------------------- Porous organic molecules pp915 - 920 James R. Holst, Abbie Trewin and Andrew I. Cooper doi:10.1038/nchem.873 When it comes to porosity, the materials that spring to mind are typically one-, two- or three-dimensional extended networks. In this Perspective, discrete organic molecules are discussed that form porous solids - either owing to hollow molecular structures or simply through inefficient packing - with different properties from those of extended networks. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- ARTICLES ---------------------- A primary hydrogen-deuterium isotope effect observed at the single-molecule level pp921 - 928 Siran Lu et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.821 When anchored inside a protein pore, the bond-making and bond-breaking events of a single reacting molecule can be detected by alterations in current flow. This approach is used to detect a hydrogen-deuterium kinetic isotope effect. The single-molecule measurements provide information not available from experiments on an ensemble system. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by Garcia-Manyes http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Photoelectrochemical complexes for solar energy conversion that chemically and autonomously regenerate pp929 - 936 Moon-Ho Ham et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.822 The impact of photo-damage on natural photosynthetic systems is lessened through their autonomous self-repair, and now a synthetic photoelectrochemical complex that mimics this behaviour has been developed. It is shown that a series of regeneration steps, driven by chemical signalling, increases the photo-conversion efficiency of the system and extends its lifetime indefinitely. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 N-silyl oxyketene imines are underused yet highly versatile reagents for catalytic asymmetric synthesis pp937 - 943 Scott E. Denmark et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.857 A new class of stable, isolable N-silyl oxyketene imines derived from protected cyanohydrins is introduced. Utilization of these nucleophiles in Lewis-base-catalysed aldol additions allows access to either cross-benzoin or glycolate aldol-type products in good yields and exceptional selectivities by simply altering the conditions of the reaction. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 De novo synthesis of a metal-organic framework material featuring ultrahigh surface area and gas storage capacities pp944 - 948 Omar K. Farha et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.834 Metal ions and organic linkers have been assembled into a wide variety of metal-organic frameworks, but tailoring the properties of these materials for specific applications by designing them from first principles has proved difficult. Now, a highly porous MOF that was first identified through computational studies has been prepared and found to exhibit excellent gas-uptake. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by Shimizu http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Synthesis of glycine-containing complexes in impacts of comets on early Earth pp949 - 954 Nir Goldman et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.827 The formation of simple prebiotic organic compounds on early Earth is thought to be an important step in the origin of life. Molecular dynamics simulations of the conditions within cometary ice during planetary impact suggest a possible mechanism for the formation of glycine, an amino acid. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 The maximum pentagon separation rule provides a guideline for the structures of endohedral metallofullerenes pp955 - 961 Antonio Rodr?guez-Fortea et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.837 Stable fullerenes often follow the isolated pentagon rule, but there are increasing examples of compounds that do not. Now, a maximum pentagon separation rule is proposed, which predicts that the most stable cages are those with pentagons having the largest separation. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Recognition-mediated activation of therapeutic gold nanoparticles inside living cells pp962 - 966 Chaekyu Kim et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.858 Application of supramolecular chemistry in living systems is challenging because of the inherent chemical complexity of cellular environments. Now, the use of a carefully designed host-guest system featuring diaminohexane-terminated gold nanoparticles and complementary cucurbit uril macrocycles has been shown to provide triggered activation of a therapeutic system in living cells. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Synthesis of polyynes to model the sp-carbon allotrope carbyne pp967 - 971 Wesley A. Chalifoux et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.828 The structure of the carbon allotrope 'carbyne' is based on a framework of sp-hybridized carbon. To model its properties, a series of conjugated polyynes - the longest of which contains 44 contiguous acetylenic carbons - have been synthesized and their spectroscopic properties investigated. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 See also: News and Views by Haley http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Direct enantio-convergent transformation of racemic substrates without racemization or symmetrization pp972 - 976 Hajime Ito et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.801 Processes that convert racemic chiral compounds into enantioenriched chiral products are highly sought after. Here, in a copper-catalysed borylation reaction one enantiomer of a cyclic allylic ether reacts with anti-stereoselectivity and the other reacts with syn-stereoselectivity. The starting material is not easily racemized and this new process is dubbed an enantioconvergent reaction. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Spectroscopic visualization of sound-induced liquid vibrations using a supramolecular nanofibre pp977 - 983 Akihiko Tsuda et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.825 Although ultrasonic vibrations are known to be capable of aligning macromolecules in solution, the question of whether audible sound - which has much lower frequencies - can have such an effect is somewhat controversial. Now, however, it has been shown that supramolecular nanofibres can be preferentially aligned parallel to the propagation direction of audible sound. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 A bidentate Lewis acid with a telluronium ion as an anion-binding site pp984 - 990 Haiyan Zhao et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.838 The design of receptors for the selective capture of F- is important because of the potential toxicity of this anion. Now, a telluronium borane has been shown to form a very stable fluoride chelate complex. The stability of the complex can be correlated to the Lewis acidity of the telluronium centre. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Catalytic enantioselective syn hydration of enones in water using a DNA-based catalyst pp991 - 995 Arnold J. Boersma et al. doi:10.1038/nchem.819 Nature frequently shows exquisite control over reactions both of water and in water. Here, the enantioselective conjugate addition of water to an enone - a reaction that has no equivalent in conventional homogeneous catalysis - is catalysed by a copper complex of an achiral ligand that is non-covalently bound to DNA. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- IN YOUR ELEMENT ---------------------- Neglected neptunium p996 Jim Ibers doi:10.1038/nchem.888 Jim Ibers talks about neptunium, an element that has remained largely unnoticed despite the flurry of activity devoted to its neighbours in the periodic table, uranium and plutonium. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Submit to the Polymer Journal http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 The Polymer Journal publishes top quality peer-reviewed articles spanning the breadth of polymer science. Priding itself on the rapid publication of papers, the Polymer Journal welcomes article submissions covering the following topics and much more: - Polymer synthesis and reactions - Physical properties of polymers - Functional polymers - Biopolymers - Polymerization mechanisms and kinetics. Review the Benefits to Authors and Submit your next paper today! http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20m=35909889r=NDU1MzI2NDE3MwS2b=2j=ODQ3ODAyODkS1mt=1rt=0 (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). 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标签: Chemistry
