英国古植物学家 Paul Kenrick1988 年毕业于卡迪夫大学植物科学系，获博士学位 。 Paul Kenrick 现供职于英国伦敦自然历史博物馆 。 （ 1 ）教育背景 · 1988 PhD,Palaeobotany, Department of Plant Science, Cardiff University · 1986 DiplomaComputer Studies, Department of Mathematics, Cardiff University · 1982 BSc,Department of Plant Science, Cardiff University （ 2 ）工作经历 · 2012– present Head of Invertebratesand Plants Division, Department of Earth Sciences, NHM, London · 2009– 2012 Head ofResearch, Palaeontology Department, NHM, London · 2008 –2011 VisitingProfessor, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford · 2003 –2006 Head ofInvertebrates and Plants Division, Palaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, London · 1998 –present Research Palaeobotanist, PalaeontologyDepartment, The Natural History Museum, London · 1993 –1998 SeniorCurator, Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm · 1992 –1993 Assistant,Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm · 1989 –1992 ResearchAssociate, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA · 1988 –1989 Royal SocietyResearch Fellow, Palaeontology Department, University of Liège, Belgium （ 3 ）近期出版物 2013 · Edwards,D., Morris, J.L., Richardson, J.B. and Kenrick, P. ( 2013 ) Cryptospores andcryptophytes reveal hidden diversity in early land floras New Phytologist . 10.1111/nph.12645 · Kenrick,P. ( 2013 ) The origin of roots, In: In: A. Eshel and T. Beeckman (Editors),Plant roots: the hidden half . Taylor Francis : London , 1-13 . · Strullu-Derrien,C. and Kenrick, P. ( 2013 ) Champignons et plantes: une union très ancienne LaRecherche 418 : 50-53 . · Strullu-Derrien,C., Kenrick, P., Badel, E., Cochard, H. and Tafforeau, P. ( 2013 ) Hydraulicconductivity in early fossil wood - an overview IAWA Bulletin 34(4) : 333-351 . 2012 · Kenrick,P., Wellman, C.H., Schneider, H. and Edgecombe, G.D. ( 2012 ) A timeline forterrestrialization: consequences for the carbon cycle in the Palaeozoic PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367(1588) : 519-536 . 2011 · Kenrick,P. ( 2011 ) Timescales and timetrees New Phytologist 192(1) : 3-6. · Strullu-Derrien,C., Kenrick, P., Rioult, J. and Strullu, D. ( 2011 ) Evidence ofparasitic Oomcetes (Peronosporomycetes) infecting the stem cortex of theCarboniferous seed fern Lyginopteris oldhamia Proceedings of theRoyal Society B: Biological Sciences 278(1706) : 675-680 . 资料来源： http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/about-science/staff-directory/earth-sciences/p-kenrick/index.html 相关阅读： 《古植物学的故事》（英国专辑） Story of PalaeobotanySeries (special issue for British palaeobotany) http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=225931do=blogquickforward=1id=411212 2011-2-8 22:00 Dianne Edwards (FRS,1942--), the first British palaeobotanist I have known (The 1 st Addendum to the Special Issue for British Palaeobotany) http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=225931do=blogquickforward=1id=691304 2013-5-1903:53 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-691304.html ====================================
I can't help but save for my future study: What a great essay of clarity, logic, and inspiration.Sex, Money and GravitasBy PAUL KRUGMAN Published: August 1, 2013 526 Comments FACEBOOK TWITTER GOOGLE+ SAVE E-MAIL SHARE PRINT REPRINTS Can a woman effectively run the Federal Reserve? That shouldn’t even be a question. And Janet Yellen, the vice chairwoman of the Fed’s Board of Governors, isn’t just up to the job; by any objective standard, she’s the best-qualified person in America to take over when Ben Bernanke steps down as chairman. Enlarge This Image Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times Paul Krugman Go to Columnist Page » Blog: The Conscience of a Liberal Related Quiet Rivalry Over the Next Fed Leader Comes Out of the Shadows (July 27, 2013) In Tug of War Over New Fed Leader, Some Gender Undertones (July 26, 2013) Connect With Us on Twitter For Op-Ed, follow @nytopinion and to hear from the editorial page editor, Andrew Rosenthal, follow @andyrNYT . Readers’ Comments Readers shared their thoughts on this article. Read All Comments (526) » Yet there are not one but two sexist campaigns under way against Ms. Yellen. One is a whisper campaign whose sexism is implicit, while the other involves raw misogyny. And both campaigns manage to combine sexism with very bad economic analysis. Let’s start with the more extreme, open campaign. Last week, The New York Sun published an editorial attacking Ms. Yellen titled “The Female Dollar.” The editorial took it for granted that the Fed has been following disastrously inflationary monetary policies for years, even though actual inflation is at a 50-year low . And it warned that things would get even worse if the dollar were to become merely “gender-backed.” I am not making this up. True, The Sun is a marginal publication, with strong gold-bug tendencies, and nobody would pay much attention if the rest of the right had ignored or distanced itself from that editorial. In fact, however, The Wall Street Journal immediately followed up with its own editorial along the same lines, in the course of which it approvingly quoted The Sun piece, female dollar and all. The other campaign against Ms. Yellen has been subtler , involving repeated suggestions — almost always off the record — that she lacks the “gravitas” to lead the Fed. What does that mean? Well, suppose we were talking about a man with Ms. Yellen’s credentials : distinguished academic work, leader of the Council of Economic Advisers, six years as president of the San Francisco Fed, a record of working effectively with colleagues at the Board of Governors. Would anyone suggest that a man with those credentials was somehow unqualified for office? Sorry, but it’s hard to escape the conclusion that gravitas, in this context, mainly means possessing a Y chromosome. Both anti-Yellen campaigns, then, involve unmistakable sexism, and should be condemned for that reason. As it happens, however, both campaigns have another problem, too: They’re based on bad economic analysis. In the case of the “female dollar” types, the wrongheadedness of the economics is as raw and obvious as the sexism. The people shouting that the Fed is “debasing the dollar” have been warning of runaway inflation any day now for almost five years, and they have been wrong every step of the way. Worse, they have shown no willingness to admit having been wrong, let alone to revise their views in the face of experience. They are, in short, the last people in the world you should listen to when it comes to monetary policy. The wrongheadedness of the gravitas crowd, like its sexism, is subtler. But to the extent that having gravitas means something other than being male, it means being what I like to call a Very Serious Person — the kind of person who talks a lot about the need to make tough decisions, which somehow always involves demanding sacrifices on the part of ordinary families while treating the wealthy with kid gloves. And here’s the thing: The Very Serious People have been almost as consistently wrong, although not as spectacularly, as the inflation hysterics. This has been obviously true in the case of budget policy, where the Serious People hijacked the national conversation, shifting it away from job creation to deficits, on the grounds that we were facing an imminent fiscal crisis — which somehow keeps not coming. But it has also been true for monetary policy. The Wall Street Journal (news department, not editorial) recently surveyed the forecasting records of top policy makers at the Fed, whom it divided into “hawks” (officials who keep warning that the Fed is doing too much to fight unemployment) and “doves” (who warn that it’s doing too little). It found that the doves made consistently better forecasts, with the best forecaster of all being the most prominent of the doves — Janet Yellen. The point is that while the gravitas types like to think of themselves as serious men (and I do mean men) who are willing to do what needs to be done, recent history suggests that they’re actually men who are eager to prove their seriousness by doing what doesn’t need to be done, at the public’s expense. Also, there was a time not along ago when almost everyone in the gravitas crowd, if asked who possessed that mystical quality in its purest form, would surely have answered “Alan Greenspan.” How well did that turn out? So is Janet Yellen the only possible candidate to be the next leader of the Fed? Of course not. But the case for someone else should be made on the merits — and, so far, that hasn’t been what’s happening. A version of this op-ed appeared in print on August 2, 2013, on page A 21 of the New York edition with the headline: Sex, Money and Gravitas.
Paul Greengard是2000年诺贝尔生理学与医学奖得主，今年已经是87岁高龄，目前为止已经发表近900篇文章，他近几年更是有很多重大发现，最近一期Cell上就有他的文章。早前成名工作是研究cAMP等第二信号分子调控突触传递，蛋白质磷酸化和去磷酸化的功能研究，发现介导蛋白质磷酸化的蛋白激酶（CaMI,CaMII等）以及不同的激酶调控不同的神经活动。近期工作包括，发现了多巴胺和cAMP调控的磷酸化蛋白（DARRP-32)以及功能和作用机制。近几年研究工作是在对阿尔茨海默的研究，发现了ATP能促进beta-amyloid的生成，并且发现了治理慢性骨髓白血病的药Gleevec可以阻止ATP的促进作用，进一步实验发现了Gleevec作用底物 GSAP. Gereengard最近的研究工作还包括一个叫做p11的蛋白，这个蛋白可以促进5-羟色胺受体在突触后膜的累积。患有忧郁症的老鼠或人类大脑内的p11含量都很低，基因敲除p11的老鼠患有严重忧郁症。进一步发现p11主要是作用于伏隔核（奖赏和饮食调控系统）中某些神经元。在这些神经元中基因敲除p11就能引起忧郁。 视频里是Paul Greengard的学生Eric Nestler对他的采访，时间是2012年，Paul Greengard已经是87岁高龄，让人印象深刻的是他能记住几十年前的研究细节，参与研究的人员名字。整个采访相当成功，内容包括Greengard整个研究生涯中的重大发现，以及这些发现后面的实验背景，还包括Greengard早期的学习和工作情况。这个采访后来成了一篇文章，发表在《Pharmacology and Toxicology》上。 采访文章： A Conversation with Paul Greengard.pdf 采访视频： http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkZTkk_wDzk
在现在这样的时候，我们更不应该忘记 Paul 的教导。虽然这教导以爱的名义讲出，却不宜将其狭义化。你只要认真读一遍，思考一下，就会发现，这教导绝不是单单地在讲爱，而是在告诉我们每个人应有的态度。阿门。 2012-07-24 22:18:07 KJV 1Corinthians 13 和合本 林前 13 章 NIV 1Corinthians 13 Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, 爱是恒久忍耐，又有恩慈；爱是不嫉妒；爱是不自夸，不张狂 Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil; 不作害羞的事，不求自己的益处，不轻易发怒，不计算人的恶 It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; 不喜欢不义，只喜欢真理 Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things. 凡事包容，凡事相信，凡事盼望，凡事忍耐 It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Charity never faileth. 爱是永不止息 Love never fails. And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity. 如今常存的有信，有望，有爱，这三样，其中最大的是爱 And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.
Steven Paul Jobs （ 1955.2.24----2011.10.05 ）永垂不朽 黄安年文 黄安年的博客 /2011 年 10 月 05 日 ( 美东时间 ) 发布 苹果公司前首席执行官乔布斯今天去世 , 他在计算机网络和传媒创新发展历史上占有极其辉煌的一页 , 他为苹果公司再创辉煌做出了杰出的奉献 , 今天引领网络新潮流的 iPhone 、 ipad 、 iPod 、的发展离不开他的策划和决策。这位独创性的领军任人物英年早逝不能不对苹果公司和整个网络界带来影响。 以下是相关报道和信息， 图片 11 张选自凤凰网 ************************* 苹果公司前首席执行官乔布斯去世 2011 年 10 月 06 日 08:00:03 来源： 新华网 新华微博 美国媒体 10 月 5 日报道说，苹果公司前首席执行官乔布斯 ')" name="HL_TAG" 乔布斯已经去世。美联 / 新华社发 新华网旧金山１０月５日电 美国苹果公司５日宣布，该公司前首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯已经去世。 苹果公司网站发布的消息说：“苹果失去了一位富有远见和创造力的天才，世界失去了一个不可思议之人。” 苹果公司网站首页目前已换成乔布斯大幅照片，以及“１９５５－２０１１”字样。 http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-10/06/c_122122056.htm# ******************************** Steve Jobs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about a person who has recently died. Some information, such as that pertaining to the circumstances of the person's death and surrounding events, may change as more facts become known. Steve Jobs Jobs holding a white iPhone 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010 Born Steven Paul Jobs February 24, 1955(1955-02-24) San Francisco, California, U.S. Died October 5, 2011(2011-10-05) (aged 56) Palo Alto, California, U.S. Residence Palo Alto, California, U.S. Alma mater Reed College (one semester in 1972) Occupation Chairman, Apple Inc. Net worth $8.3 billion (2011) Board member of The Walt Disney Company, Apple, Inc. Religion Buddhism Spouse Laurene Powell Jobs (1991 – 2011) (His Death) Children 4 Relatives Mona Simpson (sister) Signature Website Steve Jobs Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American computer entrepreneur and inventor. He was co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs also previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney. He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer. In the late 1970s, Jobs, with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula, and others, designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Macintosh. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets. Apple's subsequent 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and he served as its CEO from 1997 until 2011. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd which was spun off as Pixar Animation Studios. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1% until its acquisition by The Walt Disney company in 2006. Consequently Jobs became Disney's largest individual shareholder at 7% and a member of Disney's Board of Directors. His aim to develop products that are both functional and elegant earned him a devoted following. On August 24, 2011, Jobs announced his resignation from his role as Apple's CEO. In his letter of resignation, Jobs strongly recommended that the Apple executive succession plan be followed and Tim Cook be named as his successor. Per his request, Jobs was appointed chairman of Apple's board of directors. On October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Steve Jobs had died at the age of 56. Contents * 1 Early years * 2 Career o 2.1 Beginnings of Apple Computer o 2.2 NeXT Computer o 2.3 Pixar and Disney o 2.4 Return to Apple o 2.5 Resignation * 3 Business life o 3.1 Wealth o 3.2 Stock options backdating issue o 3.3 Management style o 3.4 Inventions o 3.5 Philanthropy * 4 Personal life o 4.1 Illness and death * 5 Honors * 6 In popular culture * 7 Notes * 8 References * 9 External links o 9.1 Articles o 9.2 Interviews Early years Steve Jobs at the WWDC 07 Jobs was born in San Francisco and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs (n é e Hagopian) of Mountain View, California, who named him Steven Paul. Paul and Clara later adopted a daughter, whom they named Patti. Jobs' biological parents – Abdulfattah John Jandali, a Syrian Muslim graduate student from Homs who later became a political science professor, and Joanne Simpson (n é e Schieble), an American graduate student who went on to become a speech language pathologist – eventually married. Together, they gave birth to and raised Jobs' biological sister, novelist Mona Simpson. Jobs attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. He frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California and was later hired there, working with Steve Wozniak as a summer employee. Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester, he continued auditing classes at Reed, while sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts." In autumn 1974, Jobs returned to California and began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak. He took a job as a technician at Atari, a manufacturer of popular video games, with the primary intent of saving money for a spiritual retreat to India. Jobs then traveled to India to visit the Neem Karoli Baba at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, the first Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. He came back a Buddhist with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. During this time, Jobs experimented with psychedelics, calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things done in life". He has said that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking. Jobs returned to his previous job at Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout. According to Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari had offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little interest or knowledge in circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the bonus evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line. At the time, Jobs told Wozniak that Atari had only given them $700 (instead of the actual $5000) and that Wozniak's share was thus $350. Career Beginnings of Apple Computer See also: History of Apple Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007 In 1976, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, with later funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer A.C. "Mike" Markkula Jr., founded Apple. Prior to co-founding Apple, Wozniak was an electronics hacker. Jobs and Wozniak had been friends for several years, having met in 1971, when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, introduced 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. Steve Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in assembling a computer and selling it. As Apple continued to expand, the company began looking for an experienced executive to help manage its expansion. In 1978, Apple recruited Mike Scott from National Semiconductor to serve as CEO for what turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Steve Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-Cola to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world?" The following year, Apple aired a Super Bowl television commercial titled "1984". At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium". The Macintosh became the first commercially successful small computer with a graphical user interface. The development of the Mac was started by Jef Raskin, and eventually taken over by Jobs. While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that time had described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. An industry-wide sales slump towards the end of 1984 caused a deterioration in Jobs's working relationship with Sculley, and at the end of May 1985 – following an internal power struggle and an announcement of significant layoffs – Sculley relieved Jobs of his duties as head of the Macintosh division. He later claimed that being fired from Apple was the best thing that could happen to him; “ The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. ” NeXT Computer See also: NeXT Steve Jobs on computer graphics. Interview excerpt from 1995. The NeXT used by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN that became the first server in the World Wide Web. Around the same time, Jobs founded another computer company, NeXT Computer. Like the Apple Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced; however, it was largely dismissed by industry as cost-prohibitive . Among those who could afford it, however, the NeXT workstation garnered a strong following because of its technical strengths, chief among them its object-oriented software development system . Jobs marketed NeXT products to the scientific and academic fields because of the innovative, experimental new technologies it incorporated (such as the Mach kernel, the digital signal processor chip, and the built-in Ethernet port) . The NeXTcube was described by Jobs as an "interpersonal" computer, which he believed was the next step after "personal" computing. That is, if computers could allow people to communicate and collaborate together in an easy way, it would solve many of the problems that "personal" computing had come up against. During a time when e-mail for most people was plain text, Jobs loved to demo the NeXT's e-mail system, NeXTMail, as an example of his "interpersonal" philosophy . NeXTMail was one of the first to support universally visible, clickable embedded graphics and audio within e-mail . Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by such things as the NeXTcube's magnesium case. This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel. Pixar and Disney In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucasfilm's computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital. The new company, which was originally based at Lucasfilm's Kerner Studios in San Rafael, California, but has since relocated to Emeryville, California, was initially intended to be a high-end graphics hardware developer. After years of unprofitability selling the Pixar Image Computer, it contracted with Disney to produce a number of computer-animated feature films, which Disney would co-finance and distribute. The first film produced by the partnership, Toy Story, brought fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next 15 years, under Pixar's creative chief John Lasseter, the company would produce the box-office hits A Bug's Life (1998), Toy Story 2 (1999), Monsters, Inc. (2001), Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Cars (2006), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009) and Toy Story 3 (2010). Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up and Toy Story 3 each received the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, an award introduced in 2001. In the years 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership, and in early 2004 Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films once its contract with Disney expired. In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. Once the deal closed, Jobs became The Walt Disney Company's largest single shareholder with approximately 7% of the company's stock. Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceed those of Eisner, who holds 1.7%, and of Disney family member Roy E. Disney, who until his 2009 death held about 1% of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner – especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar – accelerated Eisner's ousting. Jobs joined the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger. Jobs also helped oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses with a seat on a special six person steering committee. Return to Apple Jobs on stage at Macworld Conference Expo, San Francisco, January 11, 2005 See also: "1998 – 2005: Return to profitability" in Apple Computer, Inc. In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $429 million. The deal was finalized in late 1996, bringing Jobs back to the company he had co-founded. Jobs became de facto chief after then-CEO Gil Amelio was ousted in July. He was formally named interim chief executive in September 1997. In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects, such as Newton, Cyberdog, and OpenDoc. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs' summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company." Jobs also changed the licensing program for Macintosh clones, making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines. With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably NeXTSTEP, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO. Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title 'iCEO.' In recent years, the company has branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the iTunes Store, the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a multi-touch display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While stimulating innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship", by which he meant that delivering working products on time is as important as innovation and attractive design. Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "reality distortion field" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as "Stevenotes") at Macworld Expos and at Apple's own Worldwide Developers Conferences. In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for e-waste in the U.S. by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's Annual Meeting in Cupertino in April. However, a few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The Computer TakeBack Campaign responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker. The banner read "Steve — Don't be a mini-player recycle all e-waste". In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any U.S. customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems. Resignation Wikinews has related news: Apple executive Steve Jobs resigns In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, but remained at the company as chairman of the company's board. Hours after the announcement, Apple Inc. (AAPL) shares dropped 5% in after-hour trading. The relatively small drop, when considering the importance of Jobs to Apple, was associated with the fact that Jobs' health had been in the news for several years, and he was on medical leave since January 2011. It was believed, according to Forbes, that the impact would be felt in a negative way beyond Apple, including at The Walt Disney Company where Jobs served as director. In after-hour trading on the day of the announcement, Walt Disney Co. (DIS) shares dropped 1.5%. Business life Wealth Even though Jobs earned only $1 a year as CEO of Apple, he held 5.426 million Apple shares, as well as 138 million shares in Disney (which he had received in exchange for Disney's acquisition of Pixar). Forbes estimated his net wealth at $8.3 billion in 2010, making him the 42nd wealthiest American. Stock options backdating issue In 2001, Steve Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30, which allegedly should have been $21.10, thereby incurring taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report as income. This indicated backdating. Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. If found liable, Jobs might have faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. Apple claimed that the options were originally granted at a special board meeting. Furthermore, the investigation is focusing on false dating of the options resulting in a retroactive $20 million increase in the exercise price. The case is the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations, though an independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003. On July 1, 2008, a $7 billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple Board of Directors for revenue lost due to the alleged securities fraud. Management style Jobs demonstrating the iPhone 4 to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on June 23, 2010 Much was made of Jobs' aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune wrote that he was "considered one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs". Commentaries on his temperamental style can be found in Mike Moritz's The Little Kingdom, one of the few authorized biographies of Jobs; The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, by Alan Deutschman; and iCon: Steve Jobs, by Jeffrey S. Young William L. Simon. In 1993, Jobs made Fortune's list of America's Toughest Bosses in regard to his leadership of NeXT. Cofounder Dan'l Lewin was quoted in Fortune as saying of that period, "The highs were unbelievable . . . ut the lows were unimaginable," to which Jobs's office replied that his personality had changed since then. Jef Raskin, a former colleague, once said that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of France," alluding to Jobs' compelling and larger-than-life persona. Jobs always aspired to position Apple and its products at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in innovation and style. He summed up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the Macworld Conference and Expo in January 2007 by quoting ice hockey legend Wayne Gretzky: There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And we always will. — Steve Jobs Floyd Norman said that at Pixar, Jobs was a "mature, mellow individual" and never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers. In 2005, Steve Jobs banned all books published by John Wiley Sons from Apple Stores in response to their publishing an unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs. In its 2010 annual earnings report, Wiley said it had "closed a deal ... to make its titles available for the iPad." Inventions Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 338 US patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages. Philanthropy After Bloomberg accidentally published Jobs' obituary in 2008, Arik Hesseldahl of BusinessWeek magazine noted that "Jobs isn ’ t widely known for his association with philanthropic causes", compared to Bill Gates' efforts. After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate philanthropy programs. Personal life Jobs married Laurene Powell, on March 18, 1991. Presiding over the wedding was the Zen Buddhist monk Kobun Chino Otogawa. The couple have a son and two daughters. Jobs also has a daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs (born 1978), from his relationship with Bay Area painter Chrisann Brennan. She briefly raised their daughter on welfare when Jobs denied paternity by claiming he was sterile; he later acknowledged Lisa as his daughter. In the unauthorized biography, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, author Alan Deutschman reports that Jobs once dated Joan Baez. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs from his time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez in large measure because Baez had been the lover of Bob Dylan." In another unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs by Jeffrey S. Young William L. Simon, the authors suggest that Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it was unlikely the couple could have children. Jobs was also a fan of The Beatles. He referred to them on multiple occasions at Keynotes and also was interviewed on a showing of a Paul McCartney concert. When asked about his business model on 60 Minutes, he replied: My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts. Great things in business are not done by one person, they are done by a team of people. In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in The San Remo, an apartment building in New York City with a politically progressive reputation, where Demi Moore, Steven Spielberg, Steve Martin, and Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, daughter of Rita Hayworth, also had apartments. With the help of I.M. Pei, Jobs spent years renovating his apartment in the top two floors of the building's north tower, only to sell it almost two decades later to U2 singer Bono. Jobs had never moved in. In 1984, Jobs purchased a 17,000-square-foot (1,600 m2), 14-bedroom Spanish Colonial mansion, designed by George Washington Smith, in Woodside, California (also known as Jackling House). Although it reportedly remained in an almost unfurnished state, Jobs lived in the mansion for almost ten years. According to reports, he kept an old BMW motorcycle in the living room, and let Bill Clinton use it in 1998. Since the early 1990s, Jobs has lived in a house in the Old Palo Alto neighborhood of Palo Alto. President Clinton dined with Jobs and 14 Silicon Valley CEOs there on August 7, 1996 on a meal catered by Greens Restaurant. Clinton returned the favor and Jobs, who was a Democratic donor, slept in the Lincoln bedroom of the White House. Jobs allowed Jackling House to fall into a state of disrepair, planning to demolish the house and build a smaller home on the property; but he met with complaints from local preservationists over his plans. In June 2004, the Woodside Town Council gave Jobs approval to demolish the mansion, on the condition that he advertise the property for a year to see if someone would move it to another location and restore it. A number of people expressed interest, including several with experience in restoring old property, but no agreements to that effect were reached. Later that same year, a local preservationist group began seeking legal action to prevent demolition. In January 2007 Jobs was denied the right to demolish the property, by a court decision. The court decision was overturned on appeal in March 2010 and the mansion was demolished beginning February 2011. Jobs usually wore a black long-sleeved mock turtleneck made by St. Croix, Levi's 501 blue jeans, and New Balance 991 sneakers. He was a pescetarian, one whose diet includes fish but no other meat. His car was a silver 2008 Mercedes SL 55 AMG, which does not display its license plates. Jobs had a public war of words with Dell Computer CEO Michael Dell, starting when Jobs first criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes". On October 6, 1997, in a Gartner Symposium, when Michael Dell was asked what he would do if he owned then-troubled Apple Computer, he said "I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders." In 2006, Steve Jobs sent an email to all employees when Apple's market capitalization rose above Dell's. The email read: Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve. Illness and death In mid-2004, Jobs announced to his employees that he had been diagnosed with a cancerous tumor in his pancreas. The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is usually very poor; Jobs, however, stated that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumor. After initially resisting the idea of conventional medical intervention and embarking on a special diet to thwart the disease, Jobs underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (or "Whipple procedure") in July 2004 that appeared to successfully remove the tumor. Jobs apparently did not require nor receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy. During Jobs' absence, Timothy D. Cook, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company. Jobs at the 2008 Macworld Conference Expo In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual Worldwide Developers Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery, together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and Internet speculation about his health. In contrast, according to an Ars Technica journal report, WWDC attendees who saw Jobs in person said he "looked fine". Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is robust." Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs' 2008 WWDC keynote address. Apple officials stated Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and was taking antibiotics, while others surmised his cachectic appearance was due to the Whipple procedure. During a July conference call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Steve Jobs' health by insisting that it was a "private matter". Others, however, voiced the opinion that shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs' hands-on approach to running his company. The New York Times published an article based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, noting that "while his health issues have amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug,' they weren ’ t life-threatening and he doesn ’ t have a recurrence of cancer." On August 28, 2008, Bloomberg mistakenly published a 2500-word obituary of Jobs in its corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's untimely death.) Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it, intensifying rumors concerning Jobs' health. Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 Let's Rock keynote by quoting Mark Twain: "Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated." At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading "110/70", referring to his blood pressure, stating he would not address further questions about his health. On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president Phil Schiller would deliver the company's final keynote address at the Macworld Conference and Expo 2009, again reviving questions about Jobs' health. In a statement given on January 5, 2009 on Apple.com, Jobs said that he had been suffering from a "hormone imbalance" for several months. On January 14, 2009, in an internal Apple memo, Jobs wrote that in the previous week he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought" and announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009 to allow him to better focus on his health. Tim Cook, who had previously acted as CEO in Jobs' 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple, with Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions." In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute in Memphis, Tennessee. Jobs' prognosis was "excellent". On January 17, 2011, one and a half years after Jobs returned from his liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As during his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company. Despite the leave, he made appearances at the iPad 2 launch event (March 2), the WWDC keynote introducing iCloud (June 6), and before the Cupertino city council (June 7). Jobs announced his resignation from his role as Apple's CEO on August 24, 2011. In the letter, Jobs wrote that he could "no longer meet duties and expectations as Apple ’ s CEO". His family, in a statement, said Mr. Jobs "died peacefully today surrounded by his family ..." Screenshot of Apple.com's tribute to Steve Jobs On October 5, 2011, Apple released a statement saying that Jobs had died. The statement read "We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today. Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve. His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts". Also on October 5, 2011, apple.com greeted visitors with a simple message: Steve Jobs' black-and-white picture, his name and his years of birth and death. Clicking on Jobs' image led to an obituary that read: "Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple." An email address was also posted for the public to share their memories, condolences, and thoughts. Bill Gates released statement saying "I'm truly saddened to learn of Steve Jobs' death. Melinda and I extend our sincere condolences to his family and friends, and to everyone Steve has touched through his work. Steve and I first met nearly 30 years ago, and have been colleagues, competitors and friends over the course of more than half our lives. The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come. For those of us lucky enough to get to work with him, it's been an insanely great honor. I will miss Steve immensely." Jobs is survived by his wife, Laurene, to whom he was married for 20 years, their three children, and a fourth child Lisa Brennan-Jobs from a previous relationship. Honors He was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Ronald Reagan in 1984 with Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honor), and a Jefferson Award for Public Service in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under" (a.k.a. the Samuel S. Beard Award) in 1987. On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by Fortune Magazine. On December 5, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Jobs into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. In August 2009, Jobs was selected as the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers in a survey by Junior Achievement. On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of the decade by Fortune Magazine. In September 2011, Jobs was ranked No.17 on Forbes: The World's Most Powerful People. In December 2010, the Financial Times named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its essay by stating, "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product.' How wrong can you be". In popular culture Due to his young age, great wealth, and charisma, after Apple's founding Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. When Time named the computer as the 1982 "Machine of the Year", it published a long profile of him as "the most famous maestro of the micro". . In 2011 Jobs was voted Best Business Entrepreneur On Earth. Jobs was prominently featured in three films about the history of the personal computing industry: * Triumph of the Nerds – a 1996 three-part documentary for PBS, about the rise of the home computer/personal computer. * Nerds 2.0.1 – a 1998 three-part documentary for PBS, (and sequel to Triumph of the Nerds) which chronicles the development of the Internet. * Pirates of Silicon Valley – a 1999 docudrama which chronicles the rise of Apple and Microsoft. He was portrayed by Noah Wyle. After his resignation as Apple's CEO, Jobs was characterized as the Thomas Edison and Henry Ford of his time. Notes 1. ^ a b c "Smithsonian Oral and Video Histories: Steve Jobs". Smithsonian Institution. April 20, 1995. http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/sj1.html. Retrieved September 20, 2006. 2. ^ a b Markoff, John (5 October 2011). "Steve Jobs, Apple ’ s Visionary, Dies at 56". http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html. Retrieved 2011-10-05. 3. ^ Gauvin, P and Arrington, V. (Aug 9, 1996). WAVERLEY STREET: Clinton stops by Palo Alto for dinner: Excited residents greet president in front of Steve Jobs' house. Palo Alto Online. Retrieved on: July 19, 2010. 4. ^ "Forbes 400 Richest Americans". Forbes. March, 2011. http://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs. Retrieved March 10, 2011. 5. ^ "The Walt Disney Company and Affiliated Companies – Board of Directors". The Walt Disney Company. http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.html. Retrieved October 2, 2009. 6. ^ Elkind, Peter (March 15, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm. Retrieved July 21, 2008. 7. ^ "Steve Jobs, Apple founder, dies". CNN. October 5, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/05/us/obit-steve-jobs/index.html?iref=BN1hpt=hp_t1. Retrieved October 5, 2011. 8. ^ "Statement by Apple ’ s Board of Directors". Apple. October 5, 2011. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html. Retrieved October 5, 2011. 9. ^ a b c "Remembering Steve Jobs". Cupertino, California: Apple Inc.. 2011-10-05. http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/. Retrieved 2011-10-06. 10. ^ a b c Markoff, John (September 1, 1997). "An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 11. ^ "Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple" (Press release). Apple Inc.. August 24, 2011. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 12. ^ Ovide, Shira (August 24, 2011). "Steve Jobs Resigns as Apple CEO". The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-resigns-as-apple-ceo/. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 13. ^ IMDB, "Toy Story" Credits 14. ^ Kahney, Leander (January 6, 2004). "Wired News: We're All Mac Users Now". Wired News. http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/01/61730. Retrieved September 20, 2006. 15. ^ "America's Most Admired Companies: Jobs' journey timeline". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/storysupplement/stevejobs/index.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. Jobs and a team of engineers visit Xerox PARC, where they see a demo of mouse and graphical user interface 16. ^ Vivek Kaul (May 11, 2009). "What Steve Jobs did when he was fired from Apple". DNA (newspaper). http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_what-steve-jobs-did-when-he-was-fired-from-apple_1254757. 17. ^ a b c d "'You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says". Stanford Report. June 14, 2005. http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2005/june15/jobs-061505.html. Retrieved March 31, 2006. "I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me". 18. ^ "Pixar History – 1986". Pixar. http://www.pixar.com/companyinfo/history/1986.html. Retrieved April 25, 2008. 19. ^ "Apple — Press Info — Bios — Steve Jobs". Apple Inc.. May 2006. http://www.apple.com/pr/bios/jobs.html. Retrieved September 20, 2006. 20. ^ a b January 25, 2006 Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 bn, rediff.com 21. ^ "The Walt Disney Company — Steve Jobs Biography". http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html. 22. ^ Holson, Laura M. (January 25, 2006). "Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4 Billion Deal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 23. ^ "Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney". The New York Times The Associated Press. May 6, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 24. ^ a b Cringely, Robert X. (April 1, 2004). "Steve Jobs – Apple Computer, Pixar". Inc. Magazine. http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040401/25jobs.html. Retrieved September 20, 2006. 25. ^ . http://www.beautymania.biz/2011/08/entertainment-paradise-steve-jobs.html. 26. ^ "Steve Jobs resigns as Apple CEO". The Guardian (London). August 25, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/25/steve-jobs-resigns-apple-ceo. 27. ^ . http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html. 28. ^ . http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html. 29. ^ "Steve Jobs: Apple Announces Former CEO Steve Jobs Has Died". Chicago Tribune. October 5, 2011. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ktla-apple-steve-jobs-dies,0,7477308.story. Retrieved October 5, 2011. 30. ^ ?Mother: Clara Hagopian (adoptive mother, accountant)? – Steve Jobs biography at NNDB. 31. ^ "Steve Jobs' Father Regrets Adoption, Hasn't Met Apple Founder". http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/steve-jobs-biological-father-regrets-adoption-report/story?id=14381769. Retrieved 29 August 2011. 32. ^ a b Sherman, Suzan. "BOMB Magazine: Mona Simpson by Ameena Meer". Bombsite.com. http://bombsite.com/issues/20/articles/947. Retrieved November 11, 2010. 33. ^ Smith, David (January 29, 2006). "The non-stop revolutionary". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/jan/29/citynews.apple. 34. ^ Lohr, Steve (January 12, 1997). "Creating Jobs". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/12/magazine/creating-jobs.html?pagewanted=5. 35. ^ Alan Deutschman, Richard Siklos, Heather Halberstadt, John Brodie, Duff McDonald, Craig Offman and Richard Rushfield, "The New Establishment 2005: The 50 Most Powerful Leaders of the Information Age", Vanity Fair, October 1, 2005. 36. ^ Andy Behrendt, "Apple Computer mogul's roots tied to Green Bay", Green Bay Press-Gazette, December 4, 2005. 37. ^ David Smith, "The non-stop revolutionary", The Observer (U.K.), January 26, 2006. 38. ^ Rob Waugh, additional reporting by Paul Henderson, "iGod — how Apple went bad, and made billions from doing it", Daily Mail (U.K.), April 30, 2008. 39. ^ "Steve Jobs, Apple's iGod: Profile", Telegraph (U.K.), January 14, 2009. 40. ^ Elkind, Peter (March 4, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm. 41. ^ "Biography: Steve Jobs". The Apple Museum. http://www.theapplemuseum.com/index.php?id=49. Retrieved May 18, 2006. 42. ^ Campbell, Duncan (June 8, 2004). "The Guardian Profile: Steve Jobs". The Guardian (UK). http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,11710,1241745,00.html. Retrieved March 31, 2006. 43. ^ "Il santone della Silicon Valley che ha conquistato i tecno-boss - Scienza Tecnologia". Repubblica.it. 2008-06-09. http://www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley.html. Retrieved 2011-08-30. 44. ^ Andrews, Amanda (January 14, 2009). "Steve Jobs, Apple's iGod: Profile". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html. Retrieved October 29, 2009. 45. ^ "Steve Jobs profile: Apple's hard core". Edinburgh: News scotsman. January 11, 2009. http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Steve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp. Retrieved October 29, 2009. 46. ^ a b Markoff, John (2005). What the Dormouse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. The Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-03382-0. pg. xviii – xix. 47. ^ Letters – General Questions Answered, Woz.org 48. ^ Wozniak, Steven: "iWoz", a: pages 147 – 148, b: page 180. W. W. Norton, 2006. ISBN 978-0-393-06143-7 49. ^ Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pages 71 – 73. Three Rivers, 2001. ISBN 0-7615-3643-4 50. ^ "Player 2 Stage 1: The Coin Eaters". Thedoteaters.com. September 29, 2007. http://www.thedoteaters.com/p2_stage1.php. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 51. ^ "Breakout". Arcade History. June 25, 2002. http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detailid=3397. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 52. ^ "Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout". Classicgaming.gamespy.com. http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detailid=395. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 53. ^ Owen W. Linzmayer, No Starch Press. "Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc.". The Denver Post. http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm. 54. ^ Leonard, Andrew (September 28, 1999). "Do penguins eat apples?". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/1999/09/28/mac_linux/index.html. Retrieved February 10, 2007. 55. ^ "His Opportunity to Change the World". http://www.actsweb.org/articles/article.php?i=1160d=2c=6. 56. ^ Hertzfeld, Andy. "The Times They Are A-Changin'". folklore.org. http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintoshstory=The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt. 57. ^ Hertzfeld, Andy. "The End Of An Era". folklore.org. http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintoshstory=The_End_Of_An_Era.txt. 58. ^ Kopun, Francine (Aug 25 2011). "Life lessons from Jobs". The Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/business/companies/apple/article/1044907--life-lessons-from-jobs. 59. ^ Interview conducted by Maximilian Sch?nherr for German Public Radio at NeXT, March 27, 1995 60. ^ "Pixar Founding Documents". Alvyray.com. http://alvyray.com/Pixar/. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 61. ^ Wolff, Michael, "iPod, Therefore I am", Vanity Fair magazine, April, 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2010. 62. ^ Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc., Apple Inc., February 7, 1997. Retrieved on June 25, 2006. 63. ^ "Apple Formally Names Jobs as Interim Chief". New York Times (New York). September 17, 1997. http://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html. Retrieved June 27, 2011. 64. ^ "The once and future Steve Jobs". Salon.com. October 11, 2000. http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html. 65. ^ Norr, Henry (January 6, 2000). "MacWorld Expo / Permanent Jobs / Apple CEO finally drops 'interim' from title". San Francisco Chronicle. http://articles.sfgate.com/2000-01-06/business/17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers. Retrieved June 27, 2011. 66. ^ "Jobs announces new MacOS, becomes 'iCEO'". CNN. January 5, 2000. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/05/macworld.keynote/index.html. 67. ^ "Real Artists Ship". http://folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintoshstory=Real_Artists_Ship.txt. 68. ^ "Apple Improves Recycling Plan". PC Magazine. April 21, 2006. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1952356,00.asp. 69. ^ Siegler, MG. "Steve Jobs Resigns As CEO Of Apple". TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-resigns-from-apple/. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 70. ^ Gupta, Poornima (August 18, 2011). "Steve Jobs Quits". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 71. ^ "AAPL: Summary for Apple Inc.- Yahoo! Finance". Finance.yahoo.com. January 2, 2007. http://www.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=AAPL. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 72. ^ Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer (August 24, 2011). "Apple ’ s Stock: Looks Like Jobs ’ s Departure Was Priced In". The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2011/08/24/apples-stock-looks-like-jobss-departure-was-priced-in/. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 73. ^ Steve Schaefer (July 26, 2011). "Forbes". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-steps-down-apple-shares-drop-5-after-hours/. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 74. ^ "DIS: Summary for Walt Disney Company (The) Commo- Yahoo! Finance". Finance.yahoo.com. http://www.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=DISql=0. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 75. ^ "Executive salaries on the rise again" (in Australian). Slideshow. Nine MSN. p. 5. http://finance.ninemsn.com.au/executivesuite/insight/157553/executive-salaries-on-the-rise-again.slideshow. Retrieved May 11, 2011. 76. ^ "Steve Jobs is $300 million richer". Fortune. Retrieved June 10, 2010. 77. ^ "The 400 Richest Americans 2009". Forbes. Retrieved September 5, 2011. 78. ^ "New questions raised about Steve Jobs's role in Apple stock options scandal". December 28, 2006. http://www.canada.com/topics/finance/story.html?id=e23e0409-6b23-4176-83b6-b42012dd79fdk=88694. 79. ^ "Apple restates, acknowledges faked documents". EE Times. December 29, 2006. http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196800077. Retrieved January 1, 2007. 80. ^ "Group Wants $7B USD From Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives Over Securities Fraud". http://www.dailytech.com/Group+Wants+7B+USD+From+Apple+Steve+Jobs+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud+/article12258.htm. 81. ^ "Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives, Board, Sued For Securities Fraud". http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/legal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208802018. 82. ^ Colvin, Geoff (March 19, 2007). "Steve Jobs' Bad Bet.". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/03/19/8402325/index.htm?source=yahoo_quote. Retrieved February 23, 2011. 83. ^ Dumaine, Brian (October 18, 1993). "AMERICA'S TOUGHEST BOSSES In an era of endless restructuring, cutting heads like Robespierre on a rampage is just average. These leaders inflict pain by messing with your mind as well. Here's what they're like to work for". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1993/10/18/78470/index.htm. 84. ^ Appleyard, Bryan (August 16, 2009). "Steve Jobs: The man who polished Apple". The Sunday Times (UK): p. 2. http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article6797859.ece?token=nulloffset=12page=2. Retrieved February 23, 2011. 85. ^ "JOBS MACWORLD 07". blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com. 2007. http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/microsoft/library/applekeynote.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 86. ^ Floyd Norman (January 19, 2009). "Steve Jobs: A Tough Act to Follow". Jim Hill Media. http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/floyd_norman/archive/2009/01/19/steve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx. Retrieved January 19, 2009. 87. ^ Hafner, Katie (April 30, 2005). "Steve Jobs' Review of His Biography: Ban It". The New York Times: p. Technology. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/30/technology/30apple.html?ex=1272513600en=7cc0ad54117bc197ei=5090partner=rssuserlandemc=rss. Retrieved October 16, 2006. 88. ^ Weinman, Sarah (June 17, 2010). "Education Publisher John Wiley Sons Closes Fiscal Year on a Strong Note". DailyFinance (AOL). http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/company-news/education-publisher-john-wiley-and-sons-closes-fiscal-year-on-a-st/19520334/?icid=sphere_copyright. Retrieved September 3, 2010. 89. ^ "U.S. Government patent database". http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2Sect2=HITOFFp=1u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.htmlr=0f=Sl=50TERM1=jobsFIELD1=INNMco1=ANDTERM2=appleFIELD2=ASNMd=PTXT. Retrieved August 29, 2011. 90. ^ "U.S. Government patent application database". http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2Sect2=HITOFFp=1u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.htmlr=0f=Sl=50TERM1=jobsFIELD1=INco1=ANDTERM2=appleFIELD2=ASd=PG01. Retrieved August 29, 2011. 91. ^ "Thoughts On The Steve Jobs Legacy". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 92. ^ "The Trouble With Steve Jobs". Fortune. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 93. ^ Elkind, Peter (March 4, 2008). "Steve Jobs (pg 2) – Mar. 4, 2008". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index2.htm. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 94. ^ "Slideshow from CNBC". CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/id/43479628?slide=9. Retrieved July 3, 2011. 95. ^ a b Elkind, Peter (March 15, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index2.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2009. 96. ^ "Videos – Free video downloads and streaming video – CNET TV". Cnettv.cnet.com. http://cnettv.cnet.com/60-minutes-steve-jobs/9742-1_53-50004696.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 97. ^ Morgenson, Gretchen (December 28, 1987). "At home with Steve Jobs". Forbes. 98. ^ Tallant, Nicola (May 1, 2005). "Bono's E11.5M 'Bargain Buy'". The Sunday People. 99. ^ Mitchell, Alison (December 27, 1996). "Building a Bulging War Chest: How Clinton Financed His Run". The New York Times: p. 8. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/27/us/building-a-bulging-war-chest-how-clinton-financed-his-run.html. Retrieved August 26, 2011. 100. ^ Gauvin, Peter and Arrington, Vanessa (August 9, 1996). "WAVERLEY STREET: Clinton stops by Palo Alto for dinner". Palo Alto Online. 101. ^ Kahney, Leander (January 27, 2003). "Jobs for President? Not This Time". Wired (Cond é Nast). http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2003/01/57403. Retrieved August 26, 2011. 102. ^ Egelko, Bob (January 10, 2007). "Appeals court says Jobs can't raze Woodside mansion". San Francisco Chronicle. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/01/10/BAGFNNGE216.DTL. 103. ^ Samuels, Diana (February 16, 2011). "Demolition begins on Steve Jobs' Woodside Mansion". Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/peninsula/ci_17399002?nclick_check=1. 104. ^ "Gizmodo on Steve Jobs' attire". Gizmodo.com. February 28, 2006. http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/pcs/wear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 105. ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. "pescatarian." Merriam Webster, Inc. Available at http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pescatarian 106. ^ "Jobs gets out of the Happy Meal business". ZDNet. May 9, 2006. http://blogs.zdnet.com/Apple/?p=192. Retrieved June 23, 2010. "... Jobs, who is a pescetarian (neither vegetarian nor vegan as is often reported), ..." 107. ^ What kind of car does Steve Jobs drive?. Celebrity Car. http://celebritycar.weebly.com/steve-jobs.html. Retrieved August 18, 2010 108. ^ Basile, Ray. Steve Jobs Barcode License Plate Mystery Solved. iPhone Savior. http://www.iphonesavior.com/2008/09/steve-jobs-barc.html. Retrieved August 18, 2010 109. ^ "If Apple can go home again, why not Dell?" CNET News. May 19, 2008. 110. ^ "Dell: Apple should close shop". CNET. http://www.news.com/Dell-Apple-should-close-shop/2100-1001_3-203937.html. 111. ^ Markoff, John (January 16, 2006). "Michael Dell Should Eat His Words, Apple Chief Suggests". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/technology/16apple.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 112. ^ a b c d Evangelista, Benny (August 2, 2004). "Apple's Jobs has cancerous tumor removed". San Francisco Chronicle: p. A1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/08/02/MNGMJ816F41.DTL. Retrieved August 9, 2006. 113. ^ "Pancreatic Cancer Treatment". Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/pancreatic-cancer/treatment.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 114. ^ Markoff, John (July 23, 2008). "Talk of Chief ’ s Health Weighs on Apple ’ s Share Price". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/technology/23apple.html?blex=1216958400en=0d31b1999828e3ccei=5087%0A. 115. ^ Elmer, Philip (June 13, 2008). "Steve Jobs and Whipple". Apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com. http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple/?source=yahoo_quote. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 116. ^ "Looking very thin, almost gaunt":Kahney, Leander. "Has Steve Jobs Lost His Magic?". Cult of Mac. Wired News. http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/08/71557. Retrieved August 8, 2006. 117. ^ " uninspired (and concerned) by Jobs' relatively listless delivery":Meyers, Michelle. "Jobs speech wasn ’ t very Jobs-like". BLOGMA (CNET News.com). http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-6103427-7.html. Retrieved August 8, 2006. 118. ^ Saracevic, Al (August 9, 2006). "Where's Jobs' Mojo?". San Francisco Chronicle: p. C1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/09/BUGTEKDE6M1.DTL. Retrieved August 9, 2006. 119. ^ Cheng, Jacqui. "What happened to The Steve we know and love?". Infinite Loop. Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2006/8/8/4913. Retrieved August 8, 2006. 120. ^ Claburn, Thomas (August 11, 2006). "Steve Jobs Lives!". InformationWeek. http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2006/08/steve_jobs_live.html. Retrieved October 9, 2007. 121. ^ "Business Technology: Steve Jobs' Appearance Grabs Notice, Not Just the IPhone". The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/biztech/2008/06/10/steve-jobss-appearance-grabs-notice-not-just-the-iphone/. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 122. ^ "Apple says Steve Jobs feeling a little under the weather" in AppleInsider. 123. ^ Elmer, Philip (June 13, 2008). "Fortune Magazine Article". Apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com. http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple/. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 124. ^ "Steve Jobs and Apple" Marketing Doctor Blog. July 24, 2008. 125. ^ Talking Business: Apple ’ s Culture of Secrecy The New York Times (July 26, 2008). 126. ^ "Steve Jobs' Obituary, As Run By Bloomberg". Gawker Media. August 27, 2008. http://gawker.com/5042795/bloomberg-runs-steve-jobs-obituary. Retrieved August 28, 2008. 127. ^ Moore, Matthew (August 28, 2008). "Steve Jobs Obituary Published By Bloomberg". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2638481/Steve-Jobs-obituary-published-by-Bloomberg.html. Retrieved August 28, 2008. 128. ^ "Bloomberg publishes Jobs obit but why?". Zdnet Blogs. ZDnet. August 28, 2008. http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9825. Retrieved August 29, 2008. 129. ^ "Apple posts 'Lets Rock' event video". Macworld. September 10, 2008. http://www.macworld.com/article/135466/2008/09/september.html. Retrieved September 11, 2008. 130. ^ "Live from Apple's "spotlight turns to notebooks" event". Engadget. October 14, 2008. http://www.engadget.com/2008/10/14/live-from-apples-spotlight-turns-to-notebooks-event/. Retrieved October 14, 2008. 131. ^ Stone, Brad (December 17, 2008). "Apple's Chief to Skip Macworld, Fueling Speculation". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/technology/companies/17apple.html?ref=technology. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 132. ^ Apple abandons Macworld amid Jobs illness rumours Daily Headlines – GQ.com UK 133. ^ "Steve Jobs' Health Declining Rapidly, Reason for Macworld Cancellation – Steve Jobs' health". Gizmodo. December 30, 2008. http://gizmodo.com/5120687/steve-jobs-health-declining-rapidly-reason-for-macworld-cancellation?skyline=trues=x. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 134. ^ Jobs, Steve (January 5, 2009). "Letter from Apple CEO Steve Jobs". Apple.com. Apple Inc.. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/05sjletter.html. Retrieved January 20, 2009. 135. ^ "Apple's Jobs admits poor health". BBC News. January 5, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7811857.stm. Retrieved January 5, 2009. 136. ^ a b "Apple Media Advisory". Apple Inc.. January 14, 2009. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/14advisory.html. Retrieved January 14, 2009. 137. ^ "Steve Jobs Receives Liver Transplant – Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare". Methodisthealth.org. June 23, 2009. http://methodisthealth.org/methodist/About+Us/Newsroom/News/Steve+Jobs+Receives+Liver+Transplant. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 138. ^ a b "Steve Jobs recovering after liver transplant". CNN. June 23, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 139. ^ Helft, Miguel (January 17, 2010). "Apple Says Steve Jobs Will Take a New Medical Leave". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 140. ^ "Steve Jobs to take medical leave of absence but remain Apple CEO". http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html. 141. ^ Abell, John (June 8, 2011). "Video: Jobs Pitches New ‘ Mothership ’ to Approving Cupertino City Council". Epicenter. Wired. http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building/. Retrieved June 9, 2011. 142. ^ "APPLE RESIGNATION LETTER". Apple. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html. Retrieved August 29, 2011. 143. ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304447804576410753210811910.html#ixzz1ZxPmmNgX 144. ^ "Statement by Apple's Board of Directors". MarketWatch. October 5, 2011. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/statement-by-apples-board-of-directors-2011-10-05. Retrieved October 5, 2011. 145. ^ http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/ 146. ^ http://www.thegatesnotes.com/Personal/Steve-Jobs 147. ^ http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/05/steve-jobs-co-fouder-of-apple-is-dead-at-56/ 148. ^ Griggs, Brandon (October 5, 2011). "Steve Jobs, Apple founder, dies". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/05/us/obit-steve-jobs/index.html. 149. ^ "THE NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY RECIPIENTS 1985 Laureates". Uspto.gov. http://www.uspto.gov/nmti/recipients_85.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 150. ^ "National Winners | public service awards". Jefferson Awards.org. http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 151. ^ "25 most powerful people in business 1. Steve Jobs". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune/. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 152. ^ Jobs inducted into California Hall of Fame, California Museum. Retrieved 2007. 153. ^ "Steve Jobs bigger than Oprah!" (PDF). http://www.ja.org/files/polls/Teens-Entrepreneurship-Part-2.pdf. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 154. ^ Lashinsky, Adam (November 5, 2009). "Steve Jobs: CEO of the decade". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2009/11/04/technology/steve_jobs_ceo_decade.fortune/index.htm/. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 155. ^ Noer, Michael (November 11, 2009). "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs. 156. ^ Richard Waters and Joseph Menn, "Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top," Financial Times, December 22, 2010. The actual text from the biography is: Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. That's why it hired a soft-drinks guy in the first place. By now, however, I knew this was a lunatic plan; our race to realize it had been a death march. Technology companies are only superficially in the same category as consumer products companies. We couldn't bend reality to all our dreams of changing the world. The world would also have to change us. Our perspective had been hopelessly wrong. High tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product. The consumer business had collapsed at the end of 1984. Most people who bought computers stuffed them in the closet because balancing a checkbook wasn't reason enough to flick on the switch. Consumers weren't ready to put computers in their homes as easily as they installed telephones, refrigerators, televisions, and even Cuisinarts. They weren't willing to pay a couple of thousand dollars for something they didn't know what to do with. John Sculley and John A. Byrne, Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple – a journey of adventure, ideas and the future, Harper Row, 1987 157. ^ Cocks, Jay; Michael Moritz (January 3, 1983). "The Updated Book of Jobs". Time. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,953633,00.html. Retrieved February 24, 2011. 158. ^ Golden, Frederic (January 3, 1983). "Other Maestros of the Micro". Time. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,953634,00.html. Retrieved February 24, 2011. 159. ^ Cain Miller, Claire (August 25, 2011). "Where Some Earn Enmity, Jobs Won Affection". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/technology/jobs-rare-among-ceos-engendered-affection.html. Retrieved August 26, 2011. 160. ^ Nocera, Joe (August 26, 2011). "What Makes Steve Jobs Great". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/27/opinion/nocera-what-makes-steve-jobs-great.html. Retrieved August 26, 2011. References * Caddes, Carolyn (1986). Portraits of Success: Impressions of Silicon Valley Pioneers. Tioga Publishing Co.. ISBN 0-935382-56-9. * Cringely, Robert X. (1996). Accidental Empires. HarperBusiness. ISBN 0-88730-855-4. * Denning, Peter J. Frenkel, Karen A. (1989). A Conversation with Steve Jobs. Comm. ACM. Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 437 – 443. * Deutschman, Alan (2001). The Second Coming of Steve Jobs. Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-0433-8. * Freiberger, Paul Swaine, Michael (1999). Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer. McGraw-Hill Trade. ISBN 0-07-135892-7. * Hertzfeld, Andy (2004). Revolution in the Valley. O'Reilly Books. ISBN 0-596-00719-1. * Kahney, Leander (2004). The Cult of Mac. No Starch Press. ISBN 1-886411-83-2. * Levy, Steven (1984). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Anchor Press, Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19195-2. * Levy, Steven (1994). Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer that Changed Everything. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-85244-9. * Malone, Michael S. (1999). Infinite Loop. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-638-4. Bantam Doubleday Dell. ISBN 0-385-48684-7. * Markoff, John (2005). What the Dormouse Said: How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-03382-0. * Simon, William L. Young, Jeffrey S. (2005). iCon: Steve Jobs, The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business. John Wiley Sons. ISBN 0-471-72083-6. * Stross, Randall E. (1993). Steve Jobs and The NeXT Big Thing. Atheneum Books. ISBN 0-689-12135-0. * Slater, Robert (1987). Portraits in Silicon. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19262-4. Chapter 28 * Young, Jeffrey S. (1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Scott, Foresman Co.. ISBN 0-673-18864-7. * Wozniak, Steve (2006). iWoz Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I invented the personal computer, co-founded Apple and had fun doing it. W. W. Norton Co.. ISBN 0-393-06143-4. External links Book: Apple Inc. Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. Find more about Steve Jobs on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks * Steve Jobs' executive profile at Apple. * YouTube video of first Jobs' Macworld keynote in 1997, when he returned to Apple, where he announced partnership with Microsoft. * Jobs ’ s commencement address at Stanford University, June 12, 2005 (YouTube video). * "Thoughts on Music" by Steve Jobs, February 6, 2007. * "Thoughts on Flash" by Steve Jobs, April, 2010. * Steve Jobs at TED Conferences * Appearances on C-SPAN * Steve Jobs on Charlie Rose * Steve Jobs at the Internet Movie Database * Works by or about Steve Jobs in libraries (WorldCat catalog) * Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at The Guardian * Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at The New York Times * Steve Jobs collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal * Bloomberg Game Changers: Steve Jobs A 48 minute video on Steve Jobs by Bloomberg * Profile at Forbes Articles * "Thirty Years of Innovation at Apple: Jobs on the Job". Time. 2007. * Anecdotes from Steve Jobs' early days in Apple as reported by Andy Hertzfeld. Folklore.org. * Lohr, Steve (January 12, 1997). "Creating Jobs". New York Times Magazine. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04EED71139F931A25752C0A961958260. Retrieved October 27, 2007. * Booth, Cathy (August 18, 1997). "Steve's job: restart Apple". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986849,00.html. Retrieved October 27, 2007. * Elkind, Peter (March 5, 2008). "The trouble with Steve Jobs". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2008030513. Retrieved March 5, 2008. Interviews * Steve Jobs in 1994: The Rolling Stone Interview, Rolling Stone – 1994, republished January 17, 2011. Archived URL * Smithsonian Institution Oral History InterviewPDF (143 KB) — April 20, 1995. * The Seed of Apple's Innovation, BusinessWeek — October 12, 2004. * How Big Can Apple Get?, Fortune — February 21, 2005. * ‘ Good for the Soul ’ at the Wayback Machine (archived October 22, 2006)., Newsweek — October 15, 2006. * Bill Gates and Steve Jobs (video and transcript of on stage interview), All Things D – May 30, 2007. * Videotaped Deposition of Steven P. Jobs in front of the Securities and Exchange Commission – March 18, 2008 * Interview with Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, Job's biological father, by Mohannad Al-Haj Ali, published in Al Hayat Ya Liban, February 28, 2011
梁思成和林徽因在美国学习建筑学的老师Paul Philippe Cret 1923年，林徽因（1901--1955）在北京毕业于英国人创办的一所教会中学---培华女中，并考取了 半官费留学。 同年，梁思成（ 1901--1972）及其大弟梁思永（1904--1954）同时从北京清华留美预备班毕业。 1924年6月，林徽因与梁思成及梁思永一道赴美国留学。同年9月，林徽因和梁思成完成在康奈尔大学的暑期课程后一起到宾夕法尼亚大学(The University of Pennsylvania)学习建筑学。当时，非常著名的建筑师Paul Philippe Cret （1876--1945）担任宾夕法尼亚大学建筑系主任，为林徽因与梁思成的一位老师。1927年9月，林徽因与梁思成完成了在宾夕法尼亚大学的学业。 梁思永赴哈佛大学，专攻考古学和人类学，1927年回国工作。1928年9月，梁思永返回哈佛大学研究院继续深造，于1930年学成回国。梁思永是中国现代田野考古学的奠基人之一，他和其兄长梁思成于1948年同时当选为中央研究院首批院士（共81人）。一家两兄弟同时当选院士，这是一个奇迹。 孙启高 2010年12月1日 --------------------- 关于Paul Philippe Cret的生平与成就，参见： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Cret Paul Philippe Cret (October 24, 1876 September 8, 1945) was a French-American architect and industrial designer . For more than thirty years, he headed the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania . Biography: Born in Lyon, France , Cret was educated at that city's cole des Beaux-Arts , then in Paris, where he studied at the Atelier of Jean-Louis Pascal . He came to the United States in 1903 to teach at the University of Pennsylvania . Although settled in America, he happened to be in France at the outbreak of World War I . He enlisted and remained in the French army for the duration, for which he was awarded the Croix de Guerre and made an officer in the Legion of Honor . Picture 1: (picture source from Larry D. Moore) Main Building, University of Texas (foreground), Austin, TX (1934-37). One of twenty buildings Cret designed for the campus. Cret's practice in America began in 1907. His first major commission, designed with Albert Kelsey, was the Pan-American Union Building (now Organization of American States ) in Washington DC (190810), a breakthrough that led to many war memorials, civic buildings, court houses, and other solid, official structures. His work through the 1920s was firmly in the Beaux-Arts tradition, but with the radically simplified classical form of the Folger Shakespeare Library (192932), he flexibly adopted and applied monumental classical traditions to modernist innovations. ( Bertram Goodhue also falls in that category.) Some of Cret's work is remarkably streamlined and forward-thinking. In the late 1920s the architect was brought in as design consultant on Fellheimer and Wagner's magnificent Cincinnati Union Terminal (192933), the high-water mark of Art Deco style in the United States. He became an American citizen in 1927. In 1931 the regents of The University of Texas at Austin commissioned Cret to design a master-plan for the campus, and build the Beaux-Art Main Building (193437), the university's signature tower. Cret would go on to collaborate on about twenty buildings on the campus. Cret's contributions to the railroad industry also included the design of the side fluting on the Burlington 's Pioneer Zephyr (debuted in 1934) and the Santa Fe 's Super Chief (1936) passenger cars . Cret won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1938. Ill health forced his resignation from teaching in 1937, and after years of inactivity he died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of heart disease. Legacy: Cret headed the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania for over 30 years, and designed such projects as the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia , the master plan for the University of Texas in Austin, the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in Philadelphia , and the Duke Ellington Bridge in Washington, DC . Louis Kahn studied at the University of Pennsylvania under Cret, and worked in Cret's architectural office, 1929-30. Picture2: Eternal Light Peace Memorial, Gettysburg Battlefield , Gettysburg, PA (1938), Lee Lawrie , sculptor. Cret designed war memorials, including the National Memorial Arch at Valley Forge National Historical Park (191417), the Pennsylvania Memorial at the Meuse-Argonne Battlefield in Varennes-en-Argonne, France (1927), the Chateau-Thierry American Monument in Aisne, France (1930), and the Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial in Waregem, Belgium (1937). On the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg , President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated Cret's Eternal Light Peace Memorial (1938). Following Cret's death in 1945, his four partners assumed the practice under the partnership Harbeson, Hough, Livingston Larson , which for years was referred to by staff members as H2L2. The firm officially adopted this nickname as its formal title in 1976. H2L2 celebrated 100 years in 2007. Major projects: 1908-10 - Organization of American States Building, Washington, D.C. (with Albert Kelsey) 1914-17 - National Memorial Arch , Valley Forge National Historical Park , Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 1916-17 - Indianapolis Central Library , Indianapolis, Indiana (with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary ) 1922-26 - Benjamin Franklin Bridge , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - Camden, New Jersey 1923-25 - Barnes Foundation , Merion, Pennsylvania 1923-27 - Detroit Institute of Arts , Detroit, Michigan (with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary ) 1926-29 - Rodin Museum , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (with Jacques Grber ) 1928-29 - George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge , Louisville, Kentucky 1929 - Integrity Trust Company Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1929-32 - Folger Shakespeare Library , Washington, D.C. 1930 - Chateau-Thierry American Monument , Aisne, France 1930-32 - Henry Avenue Bridge over Wissahickon Creek , Fairmount Park , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1931-32 - Connecticut Avenue Bridge over Klingle Valley , Washington, D.C. 1932 - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1933 - United States Courthouse, consulting architect, Fort Worth, Texas 1933-34 - Central Heating Plant , Washington, D.C. 1934-37 - Main Building, University of Texas 1935 - Duke Ellington Bridge , Washington, D.C. 1935-37 - Eccles Building , Washington, D.C. 1935-37 - Hipolito F. Garcia Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse , San Antonio, Texas 1936 - Dallas Fair Park , Texas Centennial Exposition Buildings at the Texas Centennial Exposition , consulting architect, Dallas, Texas 1936-39 - Texas Memorial Museum , consulting architect, Austin, Texas 1937 - Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial , Waregem, Belgium (with Jacques Grber ) 1938 - Eternal Light Peace Memorial, Gettysburg Battlefield , Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lee Lawrie , sculptor 1939-44 - National Naval Medical Center , Buildings 1 and 17, consulting architect, Bethesda, Maryland
2009年度 Costa Book Awards (以前叫 Whitbread Book Awards，不同赞助商的名字)揭晓了，获得最佳小说的是爱尔兰作家 Colm Tibin 的 Brooklyn。 在英国的小说传作中，严肃小说(literary novel)和类型小说(genre novel)之间的分野还是比较清楚的，就象电影的商业大片和文艺电影之分一样，有着不同的创作方式和读者对象。严肃小说的最高奖是 Man Booker Prize ，而 Costa Book Awards 的理念，是严肃小说也需要有可读性，能够让更多的读者享受阅读的乐趣，可以说是一个更为大众化的文学奖。 2009年获奖者： 最佳小说奖： Brooklyn 作者 Colm Tibin 1950年代离开爱尔兰移民到美国纽约布鲁克林的女主角 Eilis，因为家庭变故而需要回到故乡都柏林，让她不得不在自己的人生和故土之间纠结。 最佳小说首作奖： Beauty 作者 Raphael Selbourne 一个孟加拉国移民后代的少女 Beauty ，为了躲避包办婚姻而逃回英国伯明翰穆斯林聚集地 Wolverhampton，结识了一个蹲过监狱的白人 Mark 和一个事业不如意的中产 Peter。同时她的哥哥们正在到处寻找她。她该怎么办？ 最佳儿童图书奖： The Ask and the Answer (Chaos Walking: Book Two) 作者 Patrick Ness 最佳诗歌奖： A Scattering 作者 Christopher Reid 这是作者献给他去世的妻子的诗歌集。 最佳传记奖： The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Quantum Genius 作者 Graham Farmelo 保罗狄拉克(Paul Dirac)是物理学天才，获得诺贝尔奖的最年轻的理论物理学家，预测了反粒子的存在。但他同时性格极为内向，难以与人沟通。这本传记被评委称为动人、诙谐、哀伤、极为易读。
Paul A. Samuelson, founder of the renowned MIT graduate department of economics, was trained at the University of Chicago and Harvard. His many scientific writings brought him world fame at a young age, and in 1970 he was the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in economics. One of those rare scientists who can communicate with the lay public, Professor Samuelson wrote an economics column for Newsweek for many years and was economic adviser to President John F. Kennedy. He testifies often before Congress and serves as academic consultant to the Federal Reserve, the U.S. Treasury, and various private, nonprofit organizations. Professor Sameulson, between researches at MIT and tennis games, is a visiting professor at New York University.
Paul Thagard is Professor of Philosophy, with cross appointment to Psychology and Computer Science, and Director of the Cognitive Science Program, at the University of Waterloo. He is a graduate of the Universities of Saskatchewan, Cambridge, Toronto ( Ph. D. in philosophy ) and Michigan ( M.S. in computer science ). He is the author of Hot Thought: Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition (MIT Press, 2006) , Coherence in Thought and Action (MIT Press, 2000), How Scientists Explain Disease (Princeton University Press, 1999), Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science (MIT Press, 1996; second edition, 2005), Conceptual Revolutions (Princeton University Press, 1992), and Computational Philosophy of Science (MIT Press, 1988); and co-author of Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought (MIT Press, 1995) and Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery (MIT Press, 1986). He is also editor of Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science (Elsevier, 2007), and Associate Editor of the journal Cognitive Science. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Cognitive Science Society, and in 2007 received a Canada Council for the Arts Molson Prize . （ 莫尔森奖） The Computational Epistemology Lab ( CEL ), headed by Professor Paul Thagard of the Department of Philo sophy , the University of Waterloo , is a facility for research into Cognitive Science and related areas of Philosophy. 个人主页
标签: Paul
