梁思成和林徽因在美国学习建筑学的老师Paul Philippe Cret 1923年，林徽因（1901--1955）在北京毕业于英国人创办的一所教会中学---培华女中，并考取了 半官费留学。 同年，梁思成（ 1901--1972）及其大弟梁思永（1904--1954）同时从北京清华留美预备班毕业。 1924年6月，林徽因与梁思成及梁思永一道赴美国留学。同年9月，林徽因和梁思成完成在康奈尔大学的暑期课程后一起到宾夕法尼亚大学(The University of Pennsylvania)学习建筑学。当时，非常著名的建筑师Paul Philippe Cret （1876--1945）担任宾夕法尼亚大学建筑系主任，为林徽因与梁思成的一位老师。1927年9月，林徽因与梁思成完成了在宾夕法尼亚大学的学业。 梁思永赴哈佛大学，专攻考古学和人类学，1927年回国工作。1928年9月，梁思永返回哈佛大学研究院继续深造，于1930年学成回国。梁思永是中国现代田野考古学的奠基人之一，他和其兄长梁思成于1948年同时当选为中央研究院首批院士（共81人）。一家两兄弟同时当选院士，这是一个奇迹。 孙启高 2010年12月1日 --------------------- 关于Paul Philippe Cret的生平与成就，参见： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Cret Paul Philippe Cret (October 24, 1876 September 8, 1945) was a French-American architect and industrial designer . For more than thirty years, he headed the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania . Biography: Born in Lyon, France , Cret was educated at that city's cole des Beaux-Arts , then in Paris, where he studied at the Atelier of Jean-Louis Pascal . He came to the United States in 1903 to teach at the University of Pennsylvania . Although settled in America, he happened to be in France at the outbreak of World War I . He enlisted and remained in the French army for the duration, for which he was awarded the Croix de Guerre and made an officer in the Legion of Honor . Picture 1: (picture source from Larry D. Moore) Main Building, University of Texas (foreground), Austin, TX (1934-37). One of twenty buildings Cret designed for the campus. Cret's practice in America began in 1907. His first major commission, designed with Albert Kelsey, was the Pan-American Union Building (now Organization of American States ) in Washington DC (190810), a breakthrough that led to many war memorials, civic buildings, court houses, and other solid, official structures. His work through the 1920s was firmly in the Beaux-Arts tradition, but with the radically simplified classical form of the Folger Shakespeare Library (192932), he flexibly adopted and applied monumental classical traditions to modernist innovations. ( Bertram Goodhue also falls in that category.) Some of Cret's work is remarkably streamlined and forward-thinking. In the late 1920s the architect was brought in as design consultant on Fellheimer and Wagner's magnificent Cincinnati Union Terminal (192933), the high-water mark of Art Deco style in the United States. He became an American citizen in 1927. In 1931 the regents of The University of Texas at Austin commissioned Cret to design a master-plan for the campus, and build the Beaux-Art Main Building (193437), the university's signature tower. Cret would go on to collaborate on about twenty buildings on the campus. Cret's contributions to the railroad industry also included the design of the side fluting on the Burlington 's Pioneer Zephyr (debuted in 1934) and the Santa Fe 's Super Chief (1936) passenger cars . Cret won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects in 1938. Ill health forced his resignation from teaching in 1937, and after years of inactivity he died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of heart disease. Legacy: Cret headed the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania for over 30 years, and designed such projects as the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia , the master plan for the University of Texas in Austin, the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in Philadelphia , and the Duke Ellington Bridge in Washington, DC . Louis Kahn studied at the University of Pennsylvania under Cret, and worked in Cret's architectural office, 1929-30. Picture2: Eternal Light Peace Memorial, Gettysburg Battlefield , Gettysburg, PA (1938), Lee Lawrie , sculptor. Cret designed war memorials, including the National Memorial Arch at Valley Forge National Historical Park (191417), the Pennsylvania Memorial at the Meuse-Argonne Battlefield in Varennes-en-Argonne, France (1927), the Chateau-Thierry American Monument in Aisne, France (1930), and the Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial in Waregem, Belgium (1937). On the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg , President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated Cret's Eternal Light Peace Memorial (1938). Following Cret's death in 1945, his four partners assumed the practice under the partnership Harbeson, Hough, Livingston Larson , which for years was referred to by staff members as H2L2. The firm officially adopted this nickname as its formal title in 1976. H2L2 celebrated 100 years in 2007. Major projects: 1908-10 - Organization of American States Building, Washington, D.C. (with Albert Kelsey) 1914-17 - National Memorial Arch , Valley Forge National Historical Park , Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 1916-17 - Indianapolis Central Library , Indianapolis, Indiana (with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary ) 1922-26 - Benjamin Franklin Bridge , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - Camden, New Jersey 1923-25 - Barnes Foundation , Merion, Pennsylvania 1923-27 - Detroit Institute of Arts , Detroit, Michigan (with Zantzinger, Borie and Medary ) 1926-29 - Rodin Museum , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (with Jacques Grber ) 1928-29 - George Rogers Clark Memorial Bridge , Louisville, Kentucky 1929 - Integrity Trust Company Building, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1929-32 - Folger Shakespeare Library , Washington, D.C. 1930 - Chateau-Thierry American Monument , Aisne, France 1930-32 - Henry Avenue Bridge over Wissahickon Creek , Fairmount Park , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1931-32 - Connecticut Avenue Bridge over Klingle Valley , Washington, D.C. 1932 - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, 925 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1933 - United States Courthouse, consulting architect, Fort Worth, Texas 1933-34 - Central Heating Plant , Washington, D.C. 1934-37 - Main Building, University of Texas 1935 - Duke Ellington Bridge , Washington, D.C. 1935-37 - Eccles Building , Washington, D.C. 1935-37 - Hipolito F. Garcia Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse , San Antonio, Texas 1936 - Dallas Fair Park , Texas Centennial Exposition Buildings at the Texas Centennial Exposition , consulting architect, Dallas, Texas 1936-39 - Texas Memorial Museum , consulting architect, Austin, Texas 1937 - Flanders Field American Cemetery and Memorial , Waregem, Belgium (with Jacques Grber ) 1938 - Eternal Light Peace Memorial, Gettysburg Battlefield , Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lee Lawrie , sculptor 1939-44 - National Naval Medical Center , Buildings 1 and 17, consulting architect, Bethesda, Maryland
标签: 建筑学
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