Max Perutz: interview http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/1 A young man in his 17 claimed that only winning a Nobel prize can justify his career change from inheriting his father's textile factory to studying Chemistry. A researcher spent 22 years to elucidate one protein's structure, which has several thousands of atoms and was quite beyond any scientist's imagination at that time. A man finally proved that oxygen carrying ability of Haemoglobin comes from its structure and relevant chemical bonds. A pioneering biophysicist finally earned his Nobel prize in 1962, and was the founder of the Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Cambridge, the birthplace of modern molecular biology. It is nobody but Max Perutz. He also gave some useful tips how to run a scientifically active research group, how to choose a research topic and how to run a seminar to reward everybody. I am quite surprized to find that this great man had a unforgetable experience of being in prison of citizens of enemy countries in Canada for several years during the World War II. Amazingly, he, united with other scientists, opened a prison university to give bright kids a education even in such a distressing time. END
Mark Sprevak Home Publications Research Seminars CV Contact I'm a Research Fellow in Philosophy at King's College, Cambridge. My primary research interests are in philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, and metaphysics. My email address is mds26 @ cam.ac.uk I teach for the History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) Department, and Philosophy Faculty in Cambridge. I am Directing Studies in Philosophy at King's College in Lent term. I run the Philosophy Workshop at the HPS department. I have wide research interests in philosophy. The projects on which I'm currently working can be seen on my research page. Completed projects, and drafts of papers near completion, can be seen on my publications page. I am the organiser of the Computation and Cognitive Science conference that took place 7-8th July 2008 in King's College, Cambridge.
SCS Faculty Awards School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3891 (412)268-8525 . (412)268-5576 (fax) Herbert A. Simon(赫伯特.西蒙）伟大的大科学家 75年图灵奖 78年诺贝尔经济学奖 External Awards Nobel Prize A.M. Turing Award John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation: MacArthur Fellows The Bower Award and Prize, The Franklin Institute Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM) Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) The National Order of the Legion of Honor, France Honda Prize Vannevar Bush Award of the National Science Board Sri Lanka Foundation Exceptional Achievement Award European Young Investigator Award Guggenheim Fellowship Award Pop/Sci Annual Brilliant 10 Cond Nast Portfolio Brilliant Award American Academy for the Arts and Sciences (AAAS) Fellows American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellows Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Fellows Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Awards: Autonmous Agents Research Award Kanellakis Award for Theory and Practice Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award Eckert-Mauchly Award CHI Academy CHI Lifetime Achievement Award SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education SIGMOBILE Outstanding Contribution Award SIGMOD Test of Time Award SIGPLAN Programming Language Achievement Award Special ACM Recognitions American Academy of Arts and Sciences American College of Medical Informatics American Mathematical Society Awards American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) American Statistical Association (ASA) AAAI Fellows The Association for Operations Management Fellows Carnegie Science Center: Catalyst Award Computing Research Association: Board of Directors Conference on Automated Deduction: CADE Herbrand Award The European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS) Award Fulbright Fellowships The Gdel Prize The Herbrand Award for Distinguished Contributions to Automated Deduction IBM Faculty Fellowships/Awards IBM Privacy Faculty Award IBM UIMA Innovation Faculty Award IEEE Fellows IEEE Award: James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award IEEE Award: Longuet-Higgins Prize IEEE Award: Emanuel R. Piore Award IEEE Award: Azriel Rosenfeld Lifetime Achievement Award International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence: Computers and Thought Award International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence: Research Excellence Award Joseph F. Engelberger Award Microsoft New Faculty Fellowship NASA Software of the Year Award National Academy of Engineering National Academy of Sciences The National Medal of Science Office of Naval Research (ONR) Young Investigator Award Okawa Prize Pop/Sci Annual Brilliant 10 David E. Rumelhart Prize National Science Foundation Awards: National Science Foundation Career Award National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award Packard Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering Padma Bhushan National Award Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences: The A.H. Heineken Prize for Cognitive Science Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Semiconductor Research Corporation Technical Excellence Award Sloan Fellows Software Engineering Institute Award of Excellence The Stevens Award Suzhou Science and Technology Prize Jean-Dominic Warnier Prize Women and Girls Foundation of Southwest Pennsylvania Women in the Material World Award Other Awards, Recognitions,or Just Great News Award Winning Papers In the News... Carnegie Mellon / School of Computer Science Awards SCS Endowed Chairs The Coach Award Finmeccanica Chair A. Nico Habermann Chair in the School of Computer Science Litton Faculty Fellows Anna McCandless Junior Faculty Chair Allen Newell Award for Research Excellence The Dana Scott Distinguished Research Career Award Herbert A. Simon Award for Teaching Excellence in Computer Science The Robert E. Doherty Prize for Sustained Contributions to Excellence in Education The William H. and Frances S. Ryan Award for Meritorious Teaching Carnegie Mellon University Undergraduate Academic Advising Award School of Computer Science Faculty Development Award
如果一个实验室发表Cell，Nature，Science（CNS）论文10篇以上， 就称CNS实验室，因为，在这样的实验室，发表CNS论文是正常的，常规的，一年通常是有几篇的。 CNS实验室------David Tilman 实验室 Selected Publications Fargione, J., J. Hill, D. Tilman, S. Polasky and P. Hawthorne. 2008. Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt. Science 319: 1235-1238. Clark, C.M. and D. Tilman. 2008. Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands. nature 451:712-715. Tilman, D., J. Hill and C. Lehman. 2006. Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. Science 314:1598-1600. Tilman, D., P.B. Reich and J.M.H. Knops. 2006. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature 441:629-632. Hill, J., E. Nelson, D. Tilman, S. Polasky and D Tiffany. 2006. Evironmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels. Proceedings fo the National Academy of Sciences 103:11206-11210. Reich P.B., S.E. Hobbie, T. Lee, D.S. Ellsworth, J.B. West, D. Tilman, J.M.H. Knops, S. Naeem and J Trost. 2006. Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to CO 2. Nature 440:922-925. Tilman, D. 2004. Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: A stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101:10854-10861. Mitchell, C., D. Tilman and J. V. Groth. 2002. Effects of grassland plant species diversity, abundance, and composition on foliar fungal disease. Ecology 83:1713-1726. Kennedy, T. A., S. Naeem, K. M. Howe, J. M. H. Knops, D. Tilman and P. Reich. 2002. Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion. Nature 417:636-638. Tilman, D., P. B. Reich, J. Knops, D. Wedin, T. Mielke and C. Lehman. 2001. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science 294:843-845. Tilman, D., K. G. Cassman, P. A. Matson, R. Naylor and S. Polasky. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418:671-677. Tilman, D., J. Fargione, B. Wolff, C. D'Antonio, A. Dobson, R. Howarth, D. Schindler, W. Schlesinger, D. Simberloff, D. Swackhamer. 2001. Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change. Science 292:281-284. Tilman, D. 2000. Causes, consequences and ethics of biodiversity. Nature 405:208-211. Tilman, D. 1999. The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principles. The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture. Ecology 80:1455-1474. Tilman, D. 1998. The greening of the green revolution. Nature 396:211-212. Cohen, J. E. and D. Tilman. 1996. Biosphere 2 and biodiversity: the lessons so far. Science 274:1150-1151. Tilman, D. 1996. Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77(3):350-363. Tilman, D., D. Wedin and J. Knops. 1996. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379:718-720. Wedin, D. A. and D. Tilman. 1996. Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274:1720-1723. Siemann, E., D. Tilman and J. Haarstad. 1996. Insect species diversity, abundance and body size relationships. Nature 380:704-706. Cohen, J. E. and D. Tilman. 1996. Biosphere 2 and biodiversity: the lessons so far. Science 274:1150-1151. Tilman, D. and J.A. Downing. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367:363-365. Tilman, D., R.M. May, C.L. Lehman, and M.A. Nowak. 1994. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 371:65-66. Tilman, D. and A. El Haddi. 1992. Drought and biodiversity in grasslands. Oecologia 89:257-264. CNS实验室------ Xiaowei Zhuang~S Lab Publications H.M. van der Schaar, M.J. Rust, C. Chen, H. van der Ende-Metselaar, J. Wilschut, X. Zhuang, J.M. Smit, Dissecting the Cell Entry Pathway of Dengue Virus by Single-Particle Tracking in Living Cells, PLOS Pathogens 4 , e1000244 (2008) B. Huang, S.A. Jones, B. Brandenburg, X. Zhuang, Whole-cell 3D STORM reveals interactions between cellular structures with nanometer-scale resolution, Nature Methods 5 , 1047-1052 (2008) S. Liu, E. Abbondanzieri, J. W. Rausch, S. F. J. Le Grice, X. Zhuang, Slide into action: dynamic shuttling of HIV reverse transcriptase on nucleic acid substrates, Science 322 , 1092-1097 (2008) M. Bates, B. Huang, X. Zhuang, Super-resolution microscopy by nanoscale localization of photo-switchable fluorescent probes, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 12 , 505-514 (2008) E. Abbondanzieri, G. Bokinsky, J. W. Rausch, J. X. Zhang, S. F. J. Le Grice, X. Zhuang, Dynamic binding orientations direct activity of HIV reverse transcriptase, Nature 453 , 184-189 (2008) C. Chen, X. Zhuang, Epsin1 is a cargo specific adaptor for the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of influenza virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 , 11790-11795 (2008) J. Zheng, Y. Ding, B. Tian, Z. Wang, X. Zhuang, Luminescent and Raman active silver nanoparticles with polycrystalline structure, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 , 10472-10473 (2008) B. Huang, W. Wang, M. Bates, X. Zhuang, Three-dimensional Super-resolution Imaging by Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy, Science 319 , 810-813 (2008) M. Bates, B. Huang, G. T. Dempsey, X. Zhuang, Multicolor Super-Resolution Imaging with Photo-Switchable Fluorescent Probes, Science 317 , 1749-1753 (2007) S. Liu, G. Bokinsky, N. G. Walter, X. Zhuang, Dissecting the multi-step reaction pathway of an RNA enzyme by single-molecule kinetic fingerprinting, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 , 12634-12639 (2007) B. Brandenburg, L. Y. Lee, M. Lakadamyali, M. J. Rust, X. Zhuang, J. M. Hogle, Imaging poliovirus entry in live cells, PLoS Biol. 5 , e183, 1543-1555 (2007) M. D. Stone, M. Mihalusova, C. M. O'Connor, R. Prathapam, K. Collins, X. Zhuang, Stepwise protein-mediated RNA folding directs assembly of telomerase ribonucleoprotein, Nature 446 , 458-461 (2007) B. Brandenburg, X. Zhuang, Virus trafficking - learning from single-virus tracking, Nat. Rev. Microbiology 5 , 197-208 (2007) Y. Zhou, X. Zhuang, Kinetic analysis of sequential multi-step reactions, J. Phys. Chem. B 111 , 13600-13610, (2007) H. M. van der Shaar, M. J. Rust, B. Waarts, H. van der Ende Metselaar, R. J. Kuhn, J. Wilschut, X. Zhuang, J. M. Smit, Characterization of the early events in Dengue virus cell entry by biochemical assays and single-virus tracking, J. Virol. 81 , 12019-12028 (2007) C. K. Payne, S. Jones, C. Chen, X. Zhuang, Internalization and trafficking of cell surface proteoglycans and proteoglycan binding ligands, Traffic 8 , 389-401 (2007) Y. Zhou, X. Zhuang, Robust reconstruction of the rate constant distribution using the phase function method, Biophysical Journal 91 , 4045-4053 (2006) M. J. Rust, M. Bates, X. Zhuang, Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), Nature Methods 3 , 793-795 (2006) G. Bokinsky, L. G. Nivon, S. Liu, G. Chai, M. Hong, K. M. Weeks, X. Zhuang, Two distinct binding modes of a protein cofactor with its target RNA, J. Mol. Biol. 361 , 771-784 (2006) M. Lakadamyali, M. J. Rust, X. Zhuang, Ligands for clathrin-mediated endocytosis are differentially sorted into distinct populations of early endosomes, Cell 124 , 997-1009 (2006) G. Bokinsky, X. Zhuang, Single-molecule RNA folding, Acc. Chem. Res. 38 , 566-573 (2005) X. Zhuang, Single-molecule RNA Science, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 34 , 399-414 (2005) M. Bates, T. R. Blosser, X. Zhuang, Short-range spectroscopic ruler based on a single-molecule optical switch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 , 108101 (2005) X. Zhuang, Unraveling DNA condensation by optical tweezers, Science 305 , 188-190 (2004) M. J. Rust, M. Lakadamyali, F. Zhang, X. Zhuang, Assembly of endocytic machinery around individual influenza viruses during viral entry, Nature Struct. Mol. Biol. 11 , 567-573 (2004) M. Lakadamyali, M. J. Rust, X. Zhuang, Endocytosis of influenza viruses, Micro. Infection 6 , 929-936 (2004) F. Patolsky, G. Zheng, O. Hayden, M. Lakadamyali, X. Zhuang, C. M. Lieber, Electrical detection of single viruses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 , 14017-14022 (2004) H. P. Babcock, C. Chen, X. Zhuang, Using single particle-tracking to study nuclear trafficking of viral genes, Biophys. J. 87, 2749-2758 (2004) D. Rueda, G. Bokinsky, M. M. Rhodes, M. J. Rust, X. Zhuang, N. G. Walter, Single-molecule enzymology of RNA: Essential functional groups impact catalysis from a distance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 , 10066-10071 (2004) M. Lakadamyali, M. J. Rust, H P. Babcock, X. Zhuang, Visualizing infection of individual influenza viruses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 , 9280-9285 (2003) G. Bokinsky, D. Rueda, V. K. Misra, A. Gordus, M. M. Rhodes, H. P. Babcock, N. G. Walter, X. Zhuang, Single-molecule transition-state analysis of RNA folding, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 , 9302-9307 (2003) X. Zhuang and M. Rief, Single-molecule folding, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 13 , 88-97 (2003) L. E. Bartley, X. Zhuang, R. Das, S. Chu, D. Herschlag, Exploration of the transition state for tertiary structure formation between an RNA helix and a large structured RNA, J. Mol. Biol. 328 , 1011-1026 (2003) X. Zhuang, H. Kim, M. Pereira, H. Babcock, N. Walter, S. Chu, Correlating structural dynamics and function in single ribozyme molecules, Science 296 , 1473-1476 (2002) R. Russell, X. Zhuang, H. Babcock, I. S. Millett, S. Doniach, S. Chu, D. Herschlag, Exploring the folding landscape of a structured RNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 , 155-160 (2002) X. Zhuang, L. Bartley, H. Babcock, R. Russell, T. Ha, D. Herschlag, S. Chu, A single-molecule study of RNA catalysis and folding, Science 288 , 2048-2051 (2000) X. Zhuang, T. Ha, H. Kim, T. Centner, S. Labeit, S. Chu, Fluorescence quenching: a tool for single-molecule protein-folding study, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 , 14241-14244 (2000) T. Ha, X. Zhuang, H. Kim, J. Orr, J. Williamson, S. Chu, Ligand-induced conformational changes of single RNA molecules, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 , 9077-9082 (1999) S.-C. Hong, M. Oh-e, X. Zhuang, Y. R. Shen, J. J. Ge, F. W. Harris, S. Z. D. Cheng, Orientation of side chains and adsorbed liquid crystal molecules on a rubbed polyimide surface studied by optical harmonic generation, Phys. Rev. E 63 , 0517061-7 (2001) J. J. Ge, C. Y. Li, G.I. Xue, I. K. Mann, S. Z. D. Cheng, J. Z. Zhang, D. Zhang, S. Wang, F. W. Harris, S.-C. Hong, X. Zhuang, Y. R. Shen, Rubbing-induced molecular reorientation on an alignment surface of an aromatic polyimide containing cyanobiphenyl side chains, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 , 5768-5776 (2001) X. Wei, X. Zhuang, D. Kim, S.-C. Hong, T. Goto, and Y. R. Shen, Vibrational spectroscopy of rubbed polymer surfaces, Mole. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 358 , 103-108 (2001) X. Wei, S. Hong, X. Zhuang, T. Goto, Y. R. Shen, Nonlinear optical studies of liquid crystal alignment on a rubber polyvinyl alcohol surface, Phys. Rev. E 62 , 5160-5172, (2000) X. Wei, X. Zhuang, S. Hong, T. Goto, Y. R. Shen, Sum-Frequency vibrational spectroscopic study of a rubbed polymer surface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 , 4256-4259 (1999) X. Zhuang, P. B. Miranda, D. Kim, Y. R. Shen, Mapping molecular orientation and conformation at interfaces by surface nonlinear optics, Phys. Rev. B 59 , 12632-12640 (1999) T. Qian, X. Zhuang, Y. R. Shen, Surface-monolayer-induced bulk alignment of liquid crystals: from nematic to smectic-a phase, Phys. Rev. E 59 , 1873-1879 (1999) X. Zhuang, R. Muenster, M. Jarasch, Y. R. Shen, Dye-induced enhancement of optical nonlinearity in liquid crystals and ordinary liquids, Mole. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 321 , 165-172 (1998) J. J. Ge, G.Xue, K. W. McCreight, S. Wang, F. W. Harris, S. Z. D. Cheng, X. Zhuang, S. Hong, Y. R. Shen, Surface studies of polyimide thin films via surface enhanced Raman scattering and second harmonic generation, Macromol. Rapid Comm. 19 , 619-623 (1998) R. Muenster, M. Jarasch, X. Zhuang, Y. R. Shen, Enhanced optical kerr effect of dye-doped isotropic liquid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 , 42-45 (1997) A. Le Calvez, S. Montant, E. Freysz, A. Ducasse, X. Zhuang, Y. R. Shen, Ultrafast orientation dynamics of liquid crystals in smectic phase, Chem. Phys. Lett. 258 , 620-625 (1996) X. Zhuang and Y. R. Shen, The application of nonlinear optics to the study of polymers at interfaces, Trends Polym. Sci. 4 , 258-264 (1996) X. Zhuang, H. S. Lackritz, and Y. R. Shen, Photo-isomerization of polymer monolayers and multi-layers on water, Chem. Phys. Lett. 246 , 279-284 (1995) X. Zhuang, D. Wilk, L. Marrucci, and Y. R. Shen, Orientation of amphiphilic molecules on polar substrates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 , 2144-2147 (1995) X. Zhuang, L. Marrucci, D. Johannsmann, and Y. R. Shen, Dependence of liquid crystal bulk alignment on its surface monolayer, Mole. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 262 , 35-43 (1995) X. Zhuang, L. Marrucci, and Y. R. Shen, Surface-monolayer-induced bulk alignment of liquid crystals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 , 1513-1516 (1994)
Brian Kernighan Department of Computer Science Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 bwk cs princeton edu Research AMPL modeling language for mathematical optimization experimental user interfaces try AMPL on the web Scripting languages AWK Experiments with Scripting and User-Interface Languages Teaching unRegistrar and enrollment numbers COS 109 home page, Fall 2008 COS 333 home page, Spring 2008 Independent work and senior theses advice on independent work letters of recommendation Publications NJ voting machine study (October 2008) ;login: article on testing (USENIX Magazine, April 2006) Bibliography Book home pages AMPL: A Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming The Practice of Programming The C Programming Language The Unix Programming Environment The AWK Programming Language Daily Princetonian columns The ratings game (1/7/09) What would Orwell do? (11/24/08) Leading indicators (10/20/08) Native guide (9/11/08) By the numbers (4/21/08) The bleeding edge (3/24/08) Where the books are (2/18/08) Making the grade (1/21/08) Other princes (11/19/07) By the dawn's early light (10/15/07) Sometimes the old ways are best (09/17/07) The Sons of Martha (05/07/07) Lost and found (04/02/07) What do they teach in professor school? (03/05/07) Too precious to waste on the young? (02/05/07) The sounds of music (12/04/06) Can you hear me now? (11/06/06) Advise and consent (10/02/06) Parallel Universe home page at Bell Labs (mirror)
Do science like ina competition. Champion is only one in an campetition event. Only a few successful professional athletes guard their positions in the end. When they lose physical strength, they gain experience andchange role to become a coach going on to screen out champions. This is the great life of a scientist.
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