2018 自然指数 Top500 诸平 下面的2018自然指数Top500一览表是基于2017年元旦到2017年12月31日的自然指数数据给出的，中国科学院排名第一。北京大学（12）、清华大学（15）、南京大学（18）、中国科技大学（23）、中国科学院大学（31）、浙江大学（35）、复旦大学（44）。中国入选的其他77家研究机构(排序在50名之后)详见下表。中国入选Top500的研究机构共计85家，其中包括台湾省的5家机构。 T he 2018 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017. 2017 Institution FC 2016 FC 2017 AC 2017 Change in Adjusted FC 2016-2017 * 1 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China 1590.28 1510.38 4088 -3.9% 2 Harvard University, United States of America (USA) 883.4 889.47 2233 1.9% 3 Max Planck Society, Germany 759.71 734.95 2289 -2.1% 4 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France 766.89 702.01 3981 -7.4% 5 Stanford University, United States of America (USA) 605.7 608.77 1450 1.7% 6 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States of America (USA) 580.19 529.31 1659 -7.7% 7 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany 526.35 489.97 1982 -5.8% 8 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 428.2 462.22 1152 9.2% 9 University of California Berkeley (UC Berkeley), United States of America (USA) 396.09 409.01 1179 4.5% 10 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 435.18 406.76 1201 -5.4% 11 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 478.55 400.93 1174 -15.2% 12 Peking University (PKU), China 385.45 384.43 1273 0.9% 13 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 359.34 373.16 927 5.1% 14 National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA) 342.32 372.15 904 10.0% 15 Tsinghua University (TH), China 326.7 353.4 1084 9.5% 16 University of Michigan (U-M), United States of America (USA) 323.65 329.84 844 3.1% 17 University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego), United States of America (USA) 335.09 324.84 886 -1.9% 18 Nanjing University (NJU), China 318.83 321.5 773 2.0% 19 University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), United States of America (USA) 327.6 313.73 886 -3.1% 20 Kyoto University, Japan 267.09 303.79 684 15.1% 21 Columbia University in the City of New York (CU), United States of America (USA) 312.04 301.17 877 -2.3% 22 California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States of America (USA) 307.63 299.63 891 -1.4% 23 University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China 276.91 299.53 801 9.5% 24 Yale University, United States of America (USA) 348.98 297.82 798 -13.6% 25 Northwestern University (NU), United States of America (USA) 287.95 292.85 765 2.9% 26 University of Toronto (U of T), Canada 295.54 280.15 717 -4.1% 27 University of Pennsylvania (Penn), United States of America (USA) 261.43 275.44 698 6.6% 28 The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), United States of America (USA) 289.62 263.06 625 -8.1% 29 University of Washington (UW), United States of America (USA) 268.11 260.38 814 -1.7% 30 Cornell University, United States of America (USA) 258.21 259.56 783 1.7% 31 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), China 157 255.65 1359 64.8% 32 University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), United States of America (USA) 259.55 253.39 670 -1.2% 33 Princeton University, United States of America (USA) 229.49 247.12 644 9.0% 34 Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 233.66 243.63 566 5.5% 35 Zhejiang University (ZJU), China 221.54 240.33 580 9.8% 36 Johns Hopkins University (JHU), United States of America (USA) 241.22 235.66 756 -1.1% 37 National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 209.92 229.18 574 10.5% 38 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), United States of America (USA) 254.49 221.43 580 -12.0% 39 The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA) 209.36 221.23 680 6.9% 40 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 242.68 218.3 936 -9.0% 41 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), India 169.68 214.66 448 28.0% 42 Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL), United States of America (USA) 193.57 206.95 449 8.2% 43 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 234.22 205.57 554 -11.2% 44 Fudan University, China 184.69 202.74 492 11.1% 45 University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), United States of America (USA) 187.85 198.17 563 6.7% 46 University College London (UCL), United Kingdom (UK) 215.28 197.88 833 -7.0% 47 University of Minnesota (UMN), United States of America (USA) 236.15 197.15 564 -15.5% 48 The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), United States of America (USA) 203.38 195.55 492 -2.7% 49 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), United States of America (USA) 182.54 195.39 468 8.3% 50 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain 209.29 193.14 1055 -6.6% 51 Osaka University, Japan 196.13 188.38 489 -2.8% 52 University of California San Francisco (UCSF), United States of America (USA) 204.61 188.01 532 -7.0% 53 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), United States of America (USA) 184.14 187.36 887 3.0% 54 University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP), United States of America (USA) 177.86 186.63 657 6.2% 55 Leibniz Association, Germany 205.7 182.95 686 -10.0% 56 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 181.98 179.19 603 -0.4% 57 Duke University, United States of America (USA) 209.03 175.05 548 -15.3% 58 Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Israel 180.87 173.88 415 -2.7% 59 University of Colorado Boulder (CU-Boulder), United States of America (USA) 170.62 171.05 620 1.4% 60 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia 173.45 170.84 776 -0.3% 61 Texas AM University (TAMU), United States of America (USA) 137.57 168.22 474 23.7% 62 Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), China 129.09 166.39 546 30.4% 63 New York University (NYU), United States of America (USA) 164.95 165.15 492 1.3% 64 Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea 166.47 164.41 447 -0.1% 65 The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK) 157.1 163.2 529 5.1% 66 University of California Irvine (UCI), United States of America (USA) 165.43 162.48 438 -0.6% 67 Soochow University, China 148.24 158.44 299 8.2% 68 Wuhan University (WHU), China 122.1 158.44 341 31.3% 69 The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) 140.78 155.17 597 11.5% 70 Nankai University (NKU), China 152.65 154.02 429 2.1% 71 RIKEN, Japan 155.37 152.3 553 -0.8% 72 University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK) 122.82 152.12 467 25.3% 73 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), South Korea 157.97 151.79 313 -2.8% 74 The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern Medical Center), United States of America (USA) 127.43 151.72 289 20.5% 75 Institute of Chemistry (ICCAS), CAS, China 153.58 150.79 495 -0.6% 76 Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), China 118.55 148.28 376 26.6% 77 University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), United States of America (USA) 145.55 148.04 448 2.9% 78 University of California Davis (UC Davis), United States of America (USA) 146.25 147.59 491 2.1% 79 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), United States of America (USA) 150 146.93 412 -0.9% 80 Purdue University, United States of America (USA) 147.36 146.15 391 0.4% 81 Xiamen University (XMU), China 124.37 145.95 273 18.7% 82 McGill University, Canada 175.12 145.53 497 -15.9% 83 The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), United States of America (USA) 147.71 142.28 319 -2.5% 84 Tohoku University, Japan 175.29 141.55 387 -18.3% 85 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 152.45 140.6 530 -6.7% 86 University of Utah (Utah), United States of America (USA) 110.18 133.1 311 22.2% 87 The Ohio State University (OSU), United States of America (USA) 145.71 131.47 479 -8.7% 88 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (RU), United States of America (USA) 158.4 129.43 402 -17.3% 89 Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 147.07 128.54 456 -11.6% 90 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 122.07 127.01 606 5.3% 91 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 144.39 125.78 572 -11.8% 92 Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan 138.41 125.72 335 -8.1% 93 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States of America (USA) 151.38 124.85 629 -16.5% 94 Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany 126.51 123.4 514 -1.3% 95 Sichuan University (SCU), China 101.98 123.34 230 22.4% 96 The University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada 129.74 120.85 405 -5.7% 97 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 118.56 120.01 322 2.4% 98 University of Würzburg, Germany 100.26 118.64 312 19.7% 99 Vanderbilt University (VU), United States of America (USA) 116 118.63 390 3.5% 100 University of Florida (UF), United States of America (USA) 112.97 118.19 471 5.9% 101 Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), United States of America (USA) 119.66 118.1 616 -0.1% 102 University of Southern California (USC), United States of America (USA) 136.88 117.83 302 -12.9% 103 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany 136.12 117.74 380 -12.5% 104 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States of America (USA) 111.24 117.54 389 6.9% 105 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy 120.68 117.38 636 -1.6% 106 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India 132.88 116.56 170 -11.2% 107 Nagoya University, Japan 131.76 116.4 352 -10.6% 108 Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI), Israel 121.25 115.1 274 -3.9% 109 University of Münster (WWU), Germany 102.28 112.79 270 11.6% 110 The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia 120.72 112.74 356 -5.5% 111 Rice University, United States of America (USA) 105.39 112.19 380 7.7% 112 Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China 91.6 112.05 279 23.8% 113 Hokkaido University, Japan 118.83 111.57 268 -5.0% 114 University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands 103.77 110.37 345 7.6% 115 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), United States of America (USA) 91.19 110.11 280 22.2% 116 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia 108.46 109.98 237 2.6% 117 National Research Council (CNR), Italy 125.61 109.86 516 -11.5% 118 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 103.67 109.3 309 6.7% 119 Monash University, Australia 133.25 108.45 395 -17.6% 120 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain 119.21 107.14 375 -9.0% 121 Lanzhou University (LZU), China 101.96 106.87 189 6.1% 122 Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), China 101.43 106.51 315 6.3% 123 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 114.33 105.17 372 -6.9% 124 University of Göttingen, Germany 98 104.76 314 8.2% 125 Emory University, United States of America (USA) 103.49 103.81 265 1.5% 126 Jilin University (JLU), China 89.93 102.53 232 15.4% 127 University of California Riverside (UCR), United States of America (USA) 99.11 102.18 287 4.3% 128 Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), CAS, China 106.37 100.67 236 -4.2% 129 The Rockefeller University, United States of America (USA) 97.54 100.1 269 3.9% 130 University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia 122.5 99.14 315 -18.1% 131 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), United States of America (USA) 98.33 98.92 236 1.8% 132 Indiana University (IU), United States of America (USA) 114.84 98.73 340 -13.0% 133 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), India 97.63 98.21 246 1.8% 134 Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC) - Paris 6, France 99.41 97.82 990 -0.4% 135 South China University of Technology (SCUT), China 77.85 97.25 182 26.4% 136 University of Alberta (U of A), Canada 106.85 97.06 302 -8.1% 137 Uppsala University (UU), Sweden 95.08 96.74 418 3.0% 138 Boston University (BU), United States of America (USA) 110.99 95.42 503 -13.0% 139 Kyushu University, Japan 113.12 95.16 310 -14.9% 140 Arizona State University (ASU), United States of America (USA) 97.85 95.09 314 -1.7% 141 University of Freiburg (Uni Freiburg), Germany 75.43 94.49 312 26.8% 142 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States of America (USA) 98.32 93.5 313 -3.8% 143 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany 95.11 93.3 348 -0.7% 144 RWTH Aachen University (RWTH Aachen), Germany 91.92 93.19 387 2.6% 145 The University of Hong Kong (HKU), China 74.66 92.45 347 25.3% 146 Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA), France 110.15 90.52 800 -16.8% 147 Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), Germany 86.14 90.36 429 6.2% 148 King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom (UK) 80.72 89.89 463 12.7% 149 The University of Arizona (Arizona), United States of America (USA) 94.49 89.52 327 -4.1% 150 Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Germany 83.41 89.31 394 8.3% 151 Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel 75.77 88.65 293 18.4% 152 Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), China 73.28 88.63 209 22.4% 153 Shandong University (SDU), China 89.69 88.6 338 0.0% 154 National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France 91.08 88.43 860 -1.8% 155 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), United States of America (USA) 94.79 88 365 -6.1% 156 North Carolina State University (NCSU), United States of America (USA) 85.66 87.7 243 3.6% 157 Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), United States of America (USA) 93.49 87.56 289 -5.2% 158 The University of Melbourne (UniMelb), Australia 101.32 87.42 467 -12.7% 159 Hunan University (HNU), China 82.76 87.21 156 6.6% 160 Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Czech Republic 74.33 86.84 369 18.2% 161 University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst), United States of America (USA) 79.42 85.98 259 9.6% 162 Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), South Korea 101.28 85.96 204 -14.1% 163 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 82.61 85.4 241 4.6% 164 Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Israel 105.47 85.17 253 -18.3% 165 East China Normal University (ECNU), China 76.8 85.1 181 12.1% 166 U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), United States of America (USA) 97.66 85 301 -11.9% 167 Indian Institute of Science (IISc), India 87.91 84.05 170 -3.3% 168 Leiden University, Netherlands 78.87 83.76 314 7.5% 169 Beijing Normal University (BNU), China 72.88 83.58 224 16.0% 170 East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), China 86.58 82.34 179 -3.8% 171 Institute of Physics (IOP), CAS, China 84.89 81.77 382 -2.5% 172 Brown University, United States of America (USA) 81.26 81.64 255 1.7% 173 University of Hamburg (UHH), Germany 73.87 81.3 348 11.4% 174 National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan ， China 92.07 80.99 305 -11.0% 175 Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), China 79.03 80.91 158 3.6% 176 Lund University (LU), Sweden 95.74 80.9 307 -14.5% 177 State University of New York at Stony Brook (SUNY Stony Brook), United States of America (USA) 80.96 80.89 321 1.1% 178 Australian National University (ANU), Australia 102.62 80.79 292 -20.3% 179 Stockholm University, Sweden 77.87 80.11 481 4.1% 180 Aarhus University (AU), Denmark 96.48 79.55 244 -16.6% 181 Durham University, United Kingdom (UK) 94 79.45 221 -14.5% 182 Michigan State University (MSU), United States of America (USA) 70.68 78.9 340 13.0% 183 University of Bonn (Uni Bonn), Germany 86.78 78.64 318 -8.3% 184 University of Montreal (UdeM), Canada 83.52 78.27 340 -5.2% 185 Tianjin University (TJU), China 70.4 78.26 389 12.5% 186 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 74.94 78.19 284 5.6% 187 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America (USA) 88.49 78.12 252 -10.7% 188 University of Virginia (UVA), United States of America (USA) 72.55 78.05 281 8.9% 189 University of Southampton (Soton), United Kingdom (UK) 91.74 77.62 329 -14.4% 190 Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), CAS, China 83.99 77.61 182 -6.5% 191 Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), South Korea 63.01 77.17 162 23.9% 192 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK) 71.74 76.85 407 8.4% 193 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States of America (USA) 84.73 76.54 297 -8.6% 194 University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands 76.78 76.42 518 0.7% 195 Southeast University (SEU), China 66.07 75.6 136 15.8% 196 Radboud University Nijmegen (RU), Netherlands 95.76 75.39 454 -20.3% 197 Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), South Korea 75.87 75.29 249 0.4% 198 Colorado State University, United States of America (USA) 59.17 75.04 208 28.3% 199 University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany 70.59 74.86 270 7.3% 200 Medical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom (UK) 61.18 74.81 330 23.7% 201 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 73.85 74.76 342 2.4% 202 Yonsei University, South Korea 91.21 74.09 200 -17.8% 203 National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), CAS, China 62.5 73.67 245 19.3% 204 National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan 78.09 73.49 238 -4.8% 205 The University of Warwick (Warwick), United Kingdom (UK) 82.14 73.47 299 -9.5% 206 Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), United States of America (USA) 77.41 72.81 261 -4.8% 207 NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI), United States of America (USA) 86.48 72.64 228 -15.0% 208 Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark 82.33 72.04 219 -11.5% 209 Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), Germany 75.26 71.99 466 -3.2% 210 University of Connecticut (UConn), United States of America (USA) 47.56 71.42 163 51.9% 211 Institute for Basic Science (IBS), South Korea 70.76 71.32 286 2.0% 212 University of Paris Sud (UPSud), France 72.46 71.18 653 -0.6% 213 Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), CAS, China 75.72 70.92 119 -5.2% 214 Tongji University, China 60.42 70.89 227 18.7% 215 The University of Iowa (UI), United States of America (USA) 81.85 70.46 331 -12.9% 216 Academia Sinica, Taiwan， China 76.83 70.03 309 -7.8% 217 University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), United States of America (USA) 59.66 69.76 313 18.3% 218 Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 89.37 69.51 196 -21.3% 219 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), United States of America (USA) 59.67 69.49 179 17.8% 220 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), China 65.61 69.39 295 7.0% 221 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), CAS, China 82.68 69.36 147 -15.1% 222 Jülich Research Centre (FZJ), Germany 62.56 68.82 302 11.3% 223 Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (GU), Germany 68.68 68.53 224 1.0% 224 University of Barcelona (UB), Spain 70.76 68.02 309 -2.7% 225 Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China 30.24 67.6 195 126.2% 226 University of Waterloo, Canada 72.35 67.52 156 -5.6% 227 Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), United States of America (USA) 83.12 67.52 180 -17.8% 228 The University of Sydney (USYD), Australia 81.11 67.35 313 -16.0% 229 Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), United States of America (USA) 75.61 67.2 306 -10.1% 230 University of Leeds, United Kingdom (UK) 73.64 67.17 227 -7.7% 231 Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany 64.95 66.94 157 4.3% 232 Iowa State University, United States of America (USA) 60.91 66.76 231 10.9% 233 University of Rochester (UR), United States of America (USA) 77.92 66.75 249 -13.3% 234 Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Netherlands 67.2 66.67 134 0.4% 235 The University of Georgia (UGA), United States of America (USA) 79.93 66.4 160 -15.9% 236 University of Notre Dame (ND), United States of America (USA) 65.48 66.28 253 2.4% 237 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), United States of America (USA) 73.84 65.78 187 -9.9% 238 University of Oslo (UiO), Norway 60.44 65.58 335 9.8% 239 University of Vienna, Austria 61.18 65.42 212 8.2% 240 Ghent University (UGent), Belgium 74.33 65.11 282 -11.4% 241 The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK) 68.95 64.54 266 -5.3% 242 Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS), United States of America (USA) 72.64 64.5 255 -10.2% 243 Dalian University of Technology (DUT), China 45.94 63.99 124 41.0% 244 University of Ottawa (uOttawa), Canada 64.44 62.97 164 -1.1% 245 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), United States of America (USA) 74.03 62.84 334 -14.1% 246 University of Regensburg (UR), Germany 75.64 62.77 150 -16.0% 247 University of Bern, Switzerland 66.66 62.72 300 -4.8% 248 Keio University, Japan 68.53 62.15 131 -8.2% 249 Southwest University (SWU), China 43.01 62.1 91 46.1% 250 University of Cincinnati (UC), United States of America (USA) 61.86 61.93 225 1.3% 251 University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), United States of America (USA) 70.98 61.19 200 -12.8% 252 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan 67.48 61.07 206 -8.4% 253 National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan， China 58.86 60.73 226 4.4% 254 The University of Nottingham (UoN), United Kingdom (UK) 70.4 60.64 174 -12.8% 255 Florida State University (FSU), United States of America (USA) 71.66 60.5 300 -14.6% 256 Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), CAS, China 71.5 60.47 246 -14.4% 257 University of Helsinki, Finland 51.32 58.13 325 14.6% 258 University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), United States of America (USA) 68.98 56.99 255 -16.4% 259 Dartmouth College, United States of America (USA) 39.8 56.7 134 44.2% 260 University of St Andrews, United Kingdom (UK) 54.97 56.38 202 3.8% 261 University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil 50.88 56.35 259 12.1% 262 University of Strasbourg, France 65.42 55.94 416 -13.5% 263 Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), France 56.13 55.88 563 0.7% 264 University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus (CU Anschutz), United States of America (USA) 50.62 55.68 150 11.3% 265 MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, United Kingdom (UK) 45 55.27 102 24.3% 266 Korea University (KU), South Korea 62.67 55.25 232 -10.8% 267 University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMass Medical School), United States of America (USA) 59.65 55.25 205 -6.3% 268 Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Germany 55.3 55.22 174 1.1% 269 Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Poland 50.17 55.04 335 11.0% 270 Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain 76.38 54.88 351 -27.3% 271 KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden 51.25 54.57 430 7.8% 272 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland 53.21 54.43 378 3.5% 273 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 55.88 54.07 205 -2.1% 274 University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK) 46.56 53.67 190 16.7% 275 University of Calgary (U of C), Canada 55.46 53.48 216 -2.4% 276 Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria 49.02 53.31 192 10.0% 277 University of Cologne (UoC), Germany 68.15 53.24 195 -20.9% 278 People's Liberation Army (PLA), China 56.51 53.09 220 -4.9% 279 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Switzerland 44 52.84 109 21.5% 280 University of Houston (UH), United States of America (USA) 56.16 52.38 175 -5.6% 281 Oregon State University (OSU), United States of America (USA) 52.17 52.37 156 1.6% 282 University of Oregon (UO), United States of America (USA) 60.75 52.36 176 -12.8% 283 University of Birmingham (UB), United Kingdom (UK) 50.62 52.09 303 4.2% 284 Shandong Normal University (SDNU), China 33.97 52.05 79 55.1% 285 Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Einstein), United States of America (USA) 52.78 51.97 153 -0.4% 286 Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), China 48.08 51.92 104 9.3% 287 Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), China 42.38 51.71 140 23.5% 288 Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland 50.16 51.61 253 4.1% 289 Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), China 53.84 51.58 110 -3.1% 290 Beihang University (BUAA), China 49.93 51.38 225 4.1% 291 University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland 50.45 51.33 183 2.9% 292 German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Germany 45.89 51.29 378 13.1% 293 University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK) 69.88 51.27 312 -25.8% 294 Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), France 52.6 51.02 566 -1.9% 295 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI), Canada 34.2 50.72 128 50.1% 296 Wageningen UR (University Research Centre), Netherlands 32.7 50.55 160 56.5% 297 Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), India 34.96 50.2 188 45.3% 298 Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), United States of America (USA) 45.5 50.07 215 11.4% 299 Leipzig University, Germany 47.31 49.87 146 6.7% 300 The University of Kansas (KU), United States of America (USA) 44.84 49.32 208 11.3% 301 University of Toulouse, France 50.23 49.09 373 -1.1% 302 The City University of New York (CUNY), United States of America (USA) 44.42 48.64 192 10.8% 303 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), India 44.85 48.46 208 9.3% 304 University of Delaware (UD), United States of America (USA) 47.21 47.8 111 2.5% 305 The University of Dublin, Ireland 48.48 47.73 144 -0.4% 306 Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Italy 42.79 47.63 219 12.6% 307 China University of Geosciences (CUG), China 45.51 47.32 113 5.2% 308 Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia 42.63 47.25 371 12.1% 309 IBM Corporation, United States of America (USA) 42.89 47.21 110 11.4% 310 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), India 50.94 47.21 108 -6.2% 311 National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), United States of America (USA) 49.9 47.02 143 -4.6% 312 Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), United States of America (USA) 56.7 46.92 133 -16.2% 313 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel 42.98 46.23 134 8.8% 314 Western University (UWO), Canada 44.16 46.12 116 5.7% 315 Tufts University, United States of America (USA) 50.16 45.95 237 -7.3% 316 Philipps University of Marburg (Uni Marburg), Germany 45.65 45.92 128 1.8% 317 McMaster University, Canada 49.3 45.88 107 -5.8% 318 University of Miami (UM), United States of America (USA) 55.53 45.82 126 -16.5% 319 The University of New Mexico (UNM), United States of America (USA) 41 45.71 212 12.8% 320 Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P), Germany 55.99 45.61 102 -17.6% 321 Central China Normal University (CCNU), China 43.5 45.46 145 5.8% 322 Sandia National Laboratories, United States of America (USA) 43.78 45.44 156 5.0% 323 Division III: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, PAS, Poland 39.02 45.38 302 17.7% 324 Hanyang University (HYU), South Korea 52.14 45.22 181 -12.2% 325 University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY UB), United States of America (USA) 67.31 45.18 146 -32.1% 326 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Germany 45.74 44.35 229 -1.9% 327 University of Lyon, France 48.26 44.24 435 -7.3% 328 University of Kentucky (UK), United States of America (USA) 39.36 44.21 120 13.7% 329 University of Valencia (UV), Spain 49.71 44.16 273 -10.1% 330 Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research (MPI-FKF), Germany 43.38 44.1 134 2.9% 331 NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), United States of America (USA) 44.12 43.93 165 0.7% 332 Central South University (CSU), China 25.7 43.75 114 72.2% 333 Temple University, United States of America (USA) 56.2 43.66 116 -21.4% 334 City University of Hong Kong (CityU), China 43.97 43.6 153 0.4% 335 Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), United Kingdom (UK) 46.77 43.28 237 -6.4% 336 Brandeis University, United States of America (USA) 46.8 43.26 142 -6.5% 337 Louisiana State University (LSU), United States of America (USA) 34.33 43.21 126 27.4% 338 University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Germany 35.7 43.04 131 22.0% 339 Aix-Marseille University (AMU), France 47.63 42.96 420 -8.7% 340 University of Hawai'i at Manoa (UH Mānoa), United States of America (USA) 56.16 42.82 184 -22.8% 341 University of York, United Kingdom (UK) 45.39 42.71 136 -4.8% 342 Fuzhou University (FZU), China 28.66 42.16 80 48.9% 343 RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Japan 40.15 41.82 142 5.4% 344 Dortmund University of Technology (TU Dortmund), Germany 29.78 41.82 209 42.1% 345 Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), CAS, China 45.91 41.7 123 -8.1% 346 University of Bayreuth (UBT), Germany 54.89 41.59 95 -23.3% 347 The University of Western Australia (UWA), Australia 33.92 41.57 230 24.0% 348 The University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK), United States of America (USA) 39.75 41.5 273 5.6% 349 University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), China 34.36 41.38 87 21.9% 350 University of Konstanz, Germany 49.74 41.25 88 -16.1% 351 VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands 55.89 41.24 357 -25.3% 352 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium 45.53 41.07 210 -8.7% 353 University of South Carolina - Columbia (SC), United States of America (USA) 35.75 40.88 95 15.7% 354 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), United States of America (USA) 48.33 40.65 223 -14.9% 355 University of Stuttgart, Germany 46.91 40.59 119 -12.4% 356 University of Montpellier, France 41.86 40.56 267 -1.9% 357 Aalto University, Finland 44.92 40.32 210 -9.2% 358 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 37.56 40.16 295 8.2% 359 Novartis International AG, Switzerland 41.29 39.99 124 -2.0% 360 Northeast Normal University (NENU), China 25.5 39.95 65 58.5% 361 Shanghai University (SHU), China 31.77 39.87 99 27.0% 362 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 39.16 39.59 380 2.3% 363 Salk Institute for Biological Studies (Salk), United States of America (USA) 50.4 39.56 145 -20.6% 364 University of Bordeaux, France 34.77 39.52 234 15.0% 365 Cardiff University, United Kingdom (UK) 50.13 39.47 161 -20.3% 366 University of Tsukuba, Japan 61.92 39.46 211 -35.5% 367 Mayo Clinic, United States of America (USA) 53.84 39.46 141 -25.8% 368 University of Sherbrooke (USherbrooke), Canada 25.82 39.37 107 54.3% 369 Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea 31.83 39.33 128 25.1% 370 Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Germany 44.36 39.21 154 -10.6% 371 The University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas), United States of America (USA) 31.92 38.98 157 23.6% 372 The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia 52.05 38.44 178 -25.3% 373 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), CAS, China 46.83 38.3 101 -17.2% 374 Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain 39.69 38.02 154 -3.0% 375 Chongqing University (CQU), China 30.52 37.89 94 25.6% 376 Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBC), Germany 42.43 37.8 98 -9.9% 377 University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Portugal 44.98 37.79 215 -15.0% 378 Northeastern University (NEU), United States of America (USA) 37.85 37.63 192 0.6% 379 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), United States of America (USA) 34.98 37.33 85 8.0% 380 Washington State University (WSU), United States of America (USA) 35.16 37.25 112 7.2% 381 Newcastle University, United Kingdom (UK) 38.52 37.22 156 -2.2% 382 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), China 36.08 37.18 99 4.3% 383 University of Sussex (US), United Kingdom (UK) 30.74 37.17 166 22.4% 384 National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina 41.33 37.05 257 -9.3% 385 Linköping University (LiU), Sweden 30.26 36.94 100 23.5% 386 HHMI Janelia Farm Research Campus, United States of America (USA) 44.98 36.92 83 -16.9% 387 Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers), Sweden 38.82 36.71 106 -4.3% 388 Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Italy 36.22 36.67 130 2.4% 389 The University of Adelaide (Adelaide Uni), Australia 35.89 36.67 217 3.4% 390 Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS), CAS, China 42.51 36.43 192 -13.3% 391 The University of Oklahoma (OU), United States of America (USA) 39.74 36.43 180 -7.3% 392 The University of Akron (UAkron), United States of America (USA) 38.88 36.43 68 -5.2% 393 University of South Florida (USF), United States of America (USA) 43.54 36.37 91 -15.5% 394 NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), United States of America (USA) 32.47 36.33 131 13.2% 395 Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), India 26.55 36.18 135 37.9% 396 Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Austria 32.35 36.03 243 12.7% 397 NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), United States of America (USA) 32.74 35.65 92 10.2% 398 University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (UK) 28.4 35.64 111 27.0% 399 Pasteur Institute, France 39.58 35.38 203 -9.6% 400 University of Missouri-Columbia (Mizzou), United States of America (USA) 35.22 34.84 77 0.1% 401 Merck Co., Inc., United States of America (USA) 29.74 34.83 70 18.5% 402 University of Warsaw (UW), Poland 33.61 34.8 189 4.8% 403 Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO), BIST, Spain 27.09 34.74 85 29.8% 404 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude), United States of America (USA) 48.43 34.59 86 -27.7% 405 University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), United States of America (USA) 39.87 34.52 116 -12.4% 406 Wayne State University (WSU), United States of America (USA) 49.37 34.47 184 -29.3% 407 University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy 24.47 34.43 270 42.4% 408 Northwest University (NWU), China 27.25 34.41 55 27.8% 409 China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), China 20.72 34.38 66 67.9% 410 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), India 36.95 34.37 123 -5.9% 411 Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NUST), China 25.51 33.95 72 34.7% 412 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), CAS, China 33.91 33.95 290 1.3% 413 National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Taiwan， China 39.53 33.65 87 -13.9% 414 Simon Fraser University (SFU), Canada 33.45 33.6 174 1.6% 415 Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Hungary 38.83 33.55 263 -12.6% 416 University of East Anglia (UEA), United Kingdom (UK) 19.18 33.28 104 75.6% 417 Ulm University, Germany 37.11 33.14 127 -9.6% 418 Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom (UK) 30.42 33.03 453 9.9% 419 Waseda University, Japan 26.71 32.85 145 24.5% 420 University of Victoria (UVic), Canada 25.03 32.61 172 31.8% 421 National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico 36.54 32.59 148 -9.8% 422 Shenzhen University (SZU), China 17.11 32.52 131 92.3% 423 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 27.46 32.38 203 19.3% 424 Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Russia 25.88 32.36 297 26.5% 425 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), United States of America (USA) 28.18 32.27 160 15.9% 426 Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), China 21.05 32.19 47 54.7% 427 Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), India 29.27 32.07 54 10.9% 428 Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain 23.55 32.04 206 37.7% 429 Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), India 29 31.83 67 11.1% 430 University of Innsbruck (LFU), Austria 37.64 31.8 163 -14.5% 431 French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), France 35.17 31.68 308 -8.9% 432 Dalhousie University, Canada 24.07 31.6 95 32.8% 433 Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland 26.48 31.27 155 19.5% 434 German Cancer Research Center in the Helmholtz Association (DKFZ), Germany 32.96 31.23 190 -4.1% 435 University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain 33.94 31.19 148 -7.0% 436 The University of Wollongong (UOW), Australia 29.71 31.1 115 5.9% 437 Wuhan University of Technology (WUT), Chin a 23.26 31.04 66 35.0% 438 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College (CAMS PUMC), China 29.64 30.93 111 5.6% 439 University of Bath, United Kingdom (UK) 37.83 30.88 94 -17.4% 440 Max Planck Institute for Coal Research (MPIKOFO), Germany 37.47 30.83 51 -16.7% 441 University of Otago, New Zealand 33.23 30.67 104 -6.6% 442 Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 25.88 30.65 152 19.9% 443 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), United States of America (USA) 35.72 30.61 116 -13.3% 444 Nanjing Normal University (NNU), China 30.02 30.58 99 3.1% 445 Smithsonian Institution, United States of America (USA) 43.95 30.57 208 -29.6% 446 University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden 34.16 30.57 118 -9.4% 447 Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), BIST, Spain 37.74 30.46 50 -18.3% 448 Darmstadt University of Technology (TU Darmstadt), Germany 40.16 30.45 115 -23.3% 449 Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (MPICPFS), Germany 25.82 30.32 94 18.8% 450 University of Bremen (Uni Bremen), Germany 26.67 30.22 102 14.7% 451 University of Hannover (LUH), Germany 27.32 30.2 104 11.9% 452 University of Kiel (CAU), Germany 39.71 30.18 119 -23.1% 453 NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), United States of America (USA) 24.18 30.18 72 26.3% 454 University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), United States of America (USA) 40.44 30.02 99 -24.9% 455 China Agricultural University (CAU), China 26.38 29.72 77 14.0% 456 National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), CSIR, India 39.48 29.51 46 -24.4% 457 Boston College (BC), United States of America (USA) 30.51 29.5 51 -2.2% 458 Jinan University (JNU), China 18.55 29.37 101 60.2% 459 Ewha Womans University (Ewha), South Korea 32.82 29.25 81 -9.8% 460 Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Germany 25.72 29.18 105 14.8% 461 Bar-Ilan University (BIU), Israel 32.11 29.11 71 -8.3% 462 Charles University (CU), Czech Republic 28.92 28.97 274 1.4% 463 Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Germany 28.32 28.97 188 3.5% 464 Okayama University, Japan 25.51 28.81 140 14.3% 465 National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA), France 30.72 28.79 305 -5.2% 466 NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), United States of America (USA) 25.17 28.64 101 15.2% 467 Umeå University (UMU), Sweden 25.52 28.1 113 11.4% 468 Institute of Research for Development (IRD), France 32.23 28.07 474 -11.9% 469 Braunschweig University of Technology (TU Braunschweig), Germany 25.41 27.94 74 11.3% 470 Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Germany 25.9 27.87 95 8.9% 471 AstraZeneca plc, United Kingdom (UK) 31.14 27.79 124 -9.7% 472 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), United States of America (USA) 37.31 27.63 90 -25.1% 473 Kanazawa University (KU), Japan 28.96 27.62 70 -3.5% 474 école Normale Supérieure (ENS Paris), France 25.54 27.47 296 8.8% 475 Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), CAS, China 34.3 27.44 78 -19.0% 476 National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Italy 33.46 27.25 137 -17.6% 477 Ocean University of China (OUC), China 20.36 27.23 94 35.3% 478 Changzhou University (CZU), China 15.02 27.22 39 83.4% 479 Hiroshima University (HU), Japan 30.3 27.16 105 -9.3% 480 Cleveland Clinic, United States of America (USA) 24.91 27.14 85 10.3% 481 Kobe University, Japan 30.21 27.1 133 -9.2% 482 International School for Advanced Studies (ISAS), Italy 23.74 27.07 98 15.4% 483 Shanxi University (SXU), China 18.59 26.99 73 46.9% 484 University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), United States of America (USA) 24.14 26.98 71 13.1% 485 University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy 32.16 26.97 313 -15.1% 486 Laval University (UL), Canada 23.65 26.93 105 15.2% 487 National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Japan 28.44 26.64 147 -5.2% 488 National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), Italy 33.11 26.5 74 -19.0% 489 Curtin University, Australia 37.35 26.5 118 -28.2% 490 Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), United States of America (USA) 36.87 26.3 61 -27.8% 491 Drexel University, United States of America (USA) 28.59 26.25 84 -7.1% 492 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Germany 30.25 26.15 86 -12.5% 493 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), China 20.99 26.11 87 25.9% 494 University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium 28.13 26.09 177 -6.1% 495 Beijing University of Technology (BJUT), China 21.44 26.07 71 23.1% 496 National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan， China 24.7 26.05 82 6.7% 497 University of Central Florida (UCF), United States of America (USA) 25.78 25.83 66 1.4% 498 Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), CAS, China 18.87 25.79 80 38.3% 499 The University of Auckland, New Zealand 20.93 25.69 178 24.2% 500 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Germany 31.21 25.57 66 -17.1%
（2011年7月份的TOP500，本次的TOP10全部超1P，日本富士通K Computer登顶，处理器采用SPARC64 VIIIfx，互连架构叫Tofu,Rmax达到8P,离1E不远了。http://www.top500.org/lists/2011/06/press-release） Japan Reclaims Top Ranking on Latest TOP500 List of World’s Supercomputers Thu, 2011-06-16 19:24 Contact: Erich Strohmaier, EStrohmaier@lbl.gov , 510-495-2517 HAMBURG, Germany—A Japanese supercomputer capable of performing more than 8 quadrillion calculations per second (petaflop/s) is the new number one system in the world, putting Japan back in the top spot for the first time since the Earth Simulator was dethroned in November 2004, according to the latest edition of the TOP500 List of the world’s top supercomputers. The system, called the K Computer, is at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS) in Kobe. The 37th edition of the closely watched list was released Monday, June 20, at the 2011 International Supercomputing Conference in Hamburg. The ranking of all systems is based on how fast they run Linpack, a benchmark application developed to solve a dense system of linear equations. For the first time, all of the top 10 systems achieved petaflop/s performance – and those are also the only petaflop/s systems on the list. The U.S. is tops in petaflop/s with five systems performing at that level; Japan and China have two each, and France has one. Bumped to second place after capturing No. 1 on the previous list is the Tianhe-1A supercomputer the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, China, with a performance at 2.6 petaflop/s. Also moving down a notch was Jaguar, a Cray supercomputer at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, at No. 3 with 1.75 petaflop/s. Rounding out the Top 10 are Nebulae at China’s National Supercomputing Center in Shenzen (1.27 petaflop/s), Tsubame 2.0 at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (1.19 petaflop/s), Cielo at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico (1.11 petaflop/s), Pleiades at the NASA Ames Research Center in California (1.09 petaflop/s), Hopper at DOE’s National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) in California (1.054 petaflop/s), Tera 100 at the CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives) in France (1.05 petaflop/s), and Roadrunner at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico (1.04 petaflop/s). The New Number One The K Computer, built by Fujitsu, currently combines 68544 SPARC64 VIIIfx CPUs, each with eight cores, for a total of 548,352 cores—almost twice as many as any other system in the TOP500. The K Computer is also more powerful than the next five systems on the list combined. The K Computer’s name draws upon the Japanese word "Kei" for 10^16 (ten quadrillions), representing the system's performance goal of 10 petaflops. RIKEN is the Institute for Physical and Chemical Research. Unlike the Chinese system it displaced from the No. 1 slot and other recent very large system, the K Computer does not use graphics processors or other accelerators. The K Computer is also one of the most energy-efficient systems on the list. Some Other Highlights from the newest List The two Chinese systems at No. 2 and No. 4 and the Japanese Tsubame 2.0 system at No. 5 are all using NVIDIA GPUs to accelerate computation, and a total of 19 systems on the list are using GPU technology. China keeps increasing its number of systems and is now up to 62, making it clearly the No. 2 country as a user of HPC, ahead of Germany, UK, Japan and France. Intel continues to provide the processors for the largest share (77.4 percent) of TOP500 systems. Intel’s Westmere processors increased their presence in the list strongly with 169 systems, compared with 56 in the last list. Quad-core processors are used in 46.2 percent of the systems, while already 42.4 percent of the systems use processors with six or more cores. Cray defended the No. 2 spot in market share by total against Fujitsu, but IBM stays well ahead of either. Cray’s XT system series remains very popular for big research customers, with three systems in the TOP 10 (one new and two previously listed). Tracking Changes Since its launch in 1993, the TOP500 List has provided a consistent metric for evaluating the performance of supercomputers. This consistency has made the list a valuable tool for tracking changes in the industry, both over the years and from list to list. Here are some notable changes between the current list and the 36th edition, issued in November 2010. The entry level to the list moved up to the 40.1 Tflop/s mark on the Linpack benchmark, compared to 31.1 Tflop/s six months ago. The last system on the newest list was listed at position 262 six months ago. This turnover rate has steadily increased during the last few lists and is now above average. Total combined performance of all 500 systems has grown to 58.88 Pflop/s, compared to 43.7 Pflop/s six months ago and 32.4 Pflop/s one year ago. The average concurrency level in the TOP500 is 15,550 cores per system, up from 13,071 six months ago and 10,267 one year ago. The U.S. is the leading consumer of HPC systems with 256 of the 500 systems (down from 274). The European share (125 systems ) is still larger than the Asian share (103 systems – up from 84). Dominant countries in Asia are China with 62 systems (up from 42) and Japan with 26 systems (unchanged). In Europe, Germany, UK, and France are almost equal with 30 (26), 27 (24), and 25 (26) respectively. Some Final Notes on Power Consumption Just as the TOP500 List has emerged as a standardized indicator of performance and architecture trends since it was created 18 years ago, the list now tracks actual power consumption of supercomputers in a consistent fashion. Although power consumption is increasing, the computing efficiency of the systems is also improving. Here are some power consumption notes from the newest list. 29 systems on the list are confirmed to use more than 1 megawatt (MW) of power. Average power efficiency is 248 Mflops/watt (up from 219 Mflops/watt six months ago and 195 Mflops/watt one year ago). The No. 1 system, the K Computer, also reports the highest total power consumption of 9.89 MW. Average power consumption of a TOP500 system is 543 KW (up from 447 KW six months ago and 397 KW one year ago). Average power consumption of a TOP 10 system is 4.3 MW (up from 3.2 MW six months ago), and average power efficiency is 464 Mflops/watt (up from 268 Mflops/watt six months ago). About the TOP500 List The TOP500 list is compiled by Hans Meuer of the University of Mannheim, Germany; Erich Strohmaier and Horst Simon of NERSC/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Jack Dongarra of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
标签: TOP500
