在VS2008中联合使用Matlab编程的技巧一 在VS中使用Matlab来处理矩阵主要有两种方法，一种是直接是VS中编程打开Matlab引擎，输入Matlab语句，另外一种就是将Matlab的m.文件编译生成dll文件，在VS中调用该dll文件。 一、在VS中调用matlab生成的dll文件 该实例是基于VS2008和matlab2009a所实现的。 1、Matlab中的设置 首先在Matlab里面新建一个M文件，主要代码为： function =gray_model_test_sonar3(a) %function =gray_model_test_sonar3(a1,a2,a3,a4) %a= ; a1= ; B= ; B = double(B); F= ; C=B'*B; D=pinv(C);%求C的伪逆 D = double(D); F = double(F); E=D*B'*F; G=(a(1)-E(2)/E(1))*exp(-4*E(1))+E(2)/E(1); T=(a(1)-E(2)/E(1))*exp(-3*E(1))+E(2)/E(1); M=G-T; end 该段代码为使用灰色模型进行预测的基础代码，重点在于Matlab程序必须要包含着functiong和end之间。 将m文件保存为sonar3.m，保存在D:\test文件件中，然后在Matlab的command window中键入：cd D:\test，在Matlab主窗口中将当前路径改为D:\test。 然后设置matlab编译库，以便能够生成动态dll文件供VS调用，在Matlab主窗口中键入： mbuild -setup 会出现： Please choose your compiler for building standalone MATLAB applications: Would you like mbuild to locate installed compilers /n? 在这里我选择的n，得到显示： Select a compiler: Lcc-win32 C 2.4.1 Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 Microsoft Visual C++ .NET 2003 Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 SP1 Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Express Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 None Compiler: 输入6，回车 The default location for Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 compilers is C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0, but that directory does not exist on this machine. Use C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0 anyway /n? y Please verify your choices: Compiler: Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 Location: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0 Are these correct /n? y **************************************************************************** Warning: Applications/components generated using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 require that the Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 run-time libraries be available on the computer used for deployment. To redistribute your applications/components, be sure that the deployment machine has these run-time libraries. **************************************************************************** Trying to update options file: C:\Users\Vivian\AppData\Roaming\MathWorks\MATLAB\R2009a\compopts.bat From template: D:\PROGRA~1\MATLAB\R2009a\bin\win32\mbuildopts\msvc90compp.bat Done . . . 当出现如上说明，就代表编译器设置完成，接下来使用.m文件生成.dll文件 在Matlab中，.m文件生成.dll文件的指令如下： mcc -W cpplib:myadd -T link:lib add.m -C 其中，myadd是需要生成的dll的文件名，即生成的文件名为myadd.dll，add.m是指明通过哪个.m文件生成dll文件的，myadd和add可以不一样。输入时注意参数的大小写与空格。 键 入上述命令后，经过1到2分钟的编译，Matlab会在Test文件夹下生成9个新的文件，其 中，myadd.ctf，myadd.h，myadd.lib，myadd.dll是在VS中需要用到的文件。到此，Matlab中的函数已经成功生成一 个动态链接库，可供VS调用了。 2、VS2008中的设置 打开VS2008，新建一个MFC基于对话框的工程，按如下操作方式进行设置： 工具|选项|项目和解决方案|VC++，在右边的“显示以下内容的目录”中选择“包含文件"，添加：D:\Programme Files\Matlab\R2009a\extern\include（根据Matlab的实际安装目录进行设置）；再选择“库目录”，添加：D:\Programme Files\Matlab\R2009a\extern\lib\win32\microsoft（根据Matlab的实际安装目录进行设置）。该设置只需设置一次，对以后所有工程都有效。 针对某一项目进行的设置：（不同的项目每次都要进行设置） 将上述在Matlab中生成的四个文件myadd.ctf，myadd.h，myadd.lib，myadd.dll 拷贝到项目文件夹中，选择项目|属性|配置属性|链接器|输入,在右边的“附加依赖项目”中，添加“mclmcrrt.lib myadd.lib”，其中myadd.lib即为Matlab生成的lib文件。 3、基本设置完成后即可进入编码 首先，必须将myadd.h包含进来，即在cpp文件的最前面部分添加#include "myadd.h"，在该头文件中主要包含三个内容，是dll里面的一些函数的函数名，分别为： extern LIB_sonar3_C_API bool MW_CALL_CONV sonar3Initialize(void); //初始化函数，在调用matlab函数前必须使用 extern LIB_sonar3_C_API void MW_CALL_CONV sonar3Terminate(void); //结束函数，释放相关资源 extern LIB_sonar3_CPP_API void MW_CALL_CONV gray_model_test_sonar3(int nargout , mwArray M , const mwArray a); //直接使用的调用函数，第一个参数nargout指输出参数的个数，然后是输出参数，最后是输入参数。涉及到matlab中的一种数据类型mwArray，在VS中可以通过mwArray相应的成员函数将其中的变量提取出来，再进行相应的操作。 在VS中的代码如下： sonar3Initialize(); if (!sonar3Initialize()) { cout"初始化失败"endl; exit(1); } //在被调用的matlab程序中，一共有四个输入a1、a2、a3、a4，分别对应于声纳数据s1、s2、s4、s5 //声明四个1行1列的maArray变量 //声明四个1行1列的maArray变量，保存对应的四个数据 try { mwArray a(4,1,mxDOUBLE_CLASS); a(1,1)=s1; a(2,1)=s2; a(3,1)=s4; a(4,1)=s5; /*这种参数设置出现问题，输出结果恒为0，原因暂时不明 mwArray a1(1,1,mxUINT32_CLASS); a1.SetData(s1,1); mwArray a2(1,1,mxUINT32_CLASS); a2.SetData(s2,1); mwArray a3(1,1,mxUINT32_CLASS); a3.SetData(s4,1); mwArray a4(1,1,mxUINT32_CLASS); a4.SetData(s5,1); */ //声明一个y用于保存输出结果 mwArray y(1,1,mxUINT32_CLASS); //调用函数 gray_model_test_sonar3(1,y,a1,a2,a3,a4); //结果保存在y中，现在将y中的结果提取出来，保存到M中 y.GetData(M,1); cout"对于Sonar3的预测数据为："Mendl; } //出现异常时的处理代码 catch(mwException e) { str.Format(_T("%s"),e.what()); cout"初始化失败123"endl; } sonar3Terminate(); 4、程序运行中的各种问题 （1） Microsoft C++ 异常: 内存位置 0x042cfbe8 处的 CFileException。 内存泄漏问题： 文件IO是经常出现异常的地方，你应该在进行IO操作的时候加入 TRY { IO操作 } CATCH(CFileException,e) //该代码是必须的 { 出现异常时的处理代码 } END_CATCH （2）当存在两个矩阵相乘时报错 ： ??? Error using == mtimes Integer data types are not fully supported for this operation. At least one operand must be a scalar. 这时需要在matlab中奖待乘的矩阵进行强制转换为double型，如B=double(B)，但如此转换可能出现内存不足的问题，完美解决方法还没有找到。 （3） matrix is singular to working precision 矩阵出现奇异，无法求逆，此时在matlab中使用pinv命令代替inv命令，pinv为求伪逆
John Lennox Monteith John Lennox Monteith EVAPORATION AND ENVIRONMENT开篇的经典比喻： The evaporation of water is like a commerical transaction in which a wet surface sells water vapour to its environment in exchange for heat. 老张说竺可桢曾邀请Monteith来地理所做过讲座，一个特别绅士的家伙，举手投足都是，特别帅气。 老张夸得人不多，看来对Monteith还是很崇拜的。 中午和师弟吃饭，瞎扯，才知道于老师博客提到Monteith今年去世了。 著名的Penman-Monteith公式。。。 前段时间还一直在看文章里面的状态图解，的确是个才华横溢的家伙。 昨天去所图书馆翻腾了半天，竟然找到了他的经典之作：Principles of Environmental Physics. －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 下面是网上的新闻： Obituary: John Lennox Monteith; distinguished Scots meteorologist who developed a formula to aid water conservation Published on Wednesday 8 August 2012 00:00 John Lennox Monteith FRS, FRSE, BSc, DIC, PhD, FInstP, FIBiol Hon DSc, meteorologist. Born: 3 September, 1929, in Fairlie, Ayrshire. Died: 20 July, 2012, in Edinburgh, aged 82. John Lennox Monteith, who has died aged 82, pioneered the application of physical principles in the study of how plants and animals interact with their immediate environment, or microclimate. In a career spanning more than half a century, he is perhaps best known for the Penman-Monteith equation that has become the basis for guidelines for estimating irrigation water requirements used by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1971, and was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1972. In addition he was a Fellow (1951) and Honorary Fellow (1997) of the Royal Meteorological Society, Fellow (1966) of the Institute of Physics, Fellow (1976) of the Institute of Biology, and served as president of the Royal Meteorological Society from 1978 to 1980. In 1989 he was awarded an honorary DSc by the University of Edinburgh. During his career he served on many national and international scientific committees and on the editorial boards of prominent scientific publications. Born in September 1929 in Fairlie, Ayrshire, John was the only child of the Reverend John and Margaret Lennox Monteith and began his schooling at Paisley Grammar School before the family moved to Edinburgh when he was 11. His father, who had suffered from multiple sclerosis, died shortly afterwards. From a very early age John showed innate scientific curiosity, encouraged by family friends who supplied him with electricity and chemistry sets. He was fond of practical jokes and experimenting with hazardous chemicals acquired from a local scientific supply shop. A strong all-rounder at George Heriot’s School, Edinburgh, and keen on amateur dramatics and music, he was nevertheless propelled towards a future in either physics or chemistry – biology being out of the question given his perceived inability to draw specimens. On leaving he studied physics at Edinburgh University and particularly enjoyed lectures by the distinguished meteorologist, James Paton. Graduating with first class honours, he sought opportunities in agricultural aspects of meteorology, recognising the chance to contribute to the major societal challenges of sustainable food production, while also escaping the confines of a laboratory. Embarking on postgraduate research at Imperial College, Howard Penman, from the Rothamsted Experimental Station in Harpenden, encouraged him to focus on the science of dew formation. Dew had been identified as a potentially important precursor for plant fungal infections, but it remained unclear what weather conditions were necessary for dew to form, and hence it was difficult to anticipate when damage was most likely to occur. His investigations required the development of novel and highly sensitive micrometeorological instruments for the measurement of dew fall, humidity and energy fluxes. Using a method of analysis that would characterise many of his future papers, he recognised that the balance of incoming and outgoing energy at ground level determined the source of the dew (soil or atmosphere) and the amount that could be formed. In 1954 he moved to Rothamsted as a scientific officer and began working under Penman, who was concerned with how variation in weather affected soil moisture. Penman had developed a method to predict the rate of evaporation from wet surfaces, but it did not take into account the complicating effects that vegetation imposed on water loss. By harnessing the analogy of electrical resistance, John showed how to account for surface conductance of water, and produced the Penman-Monteith equation that more correctly accounted for wind and surface effects. The approach was subsequently adapted to model the behaviour of any natural system involving mass or energy exchange in fields ranging from animal energetics to pollutant deposition. While at Rothamsted, John also made, in collaboration with Geza Szeicz, some of the world’s first measurements of carbon dioxide exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere. In 1967 John was appointed to the newly-created Chair of Environmental Physics at the School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, a faculty of the University of Nottingham. Although he had not considered teaching, he took very naturally to the task. Many students, as well as colleagues, would find their careers shaped and altered by their associations with him, and several now hold important positions in organisations across the world. The discipline of Environmental Physics as a defined field of study really became established with the publication of Principles of Environmental Physics in 1973, later editions of which were written in collaboration with his colleague Mike Unsworth. With funding from the Oversees Development Agency, his growing team established a unique set of large, microclimatologically controlled greenhouses which allowed realistic field-scale assessments of the growth of crops from the semi-arid tropics under different environmental conditions. John became increasingly interested in the factors determining crop growth and yield, and eventually spent a six-month sabbatical at Nasa in Maryland, USA, developing approaches to assess crop production from space using Remote Sensing. The Nottingham group continued to develop micrometeorological instruments for measuring physical attributes of the environment, collaborating with two major suppliers of state-of-the-art environmental research instrumentation for Britain and Europe, Delta-T Devices, and Campbell Scientific Ltd, for which John was a co-founder. In 1987 he became director of the Resource Management Program at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics in Hyderabad, India, where he served until 1991. On his return to Edinburgh, he was invited to become Senior Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology at Penicuik. John had a multi-faceted personality and a wide range of interests. He was an accomplished organist, and for many years served the communities of Sutton Bonington Methodist Church and Mayfield Salisbury Church, Edinburgh, in this capacity. He had a deep love of the countryside, and of wilderness areas, particularly the Scottish Highlands where he enjoyed hill-walking. He was also a keen photographer, and gardener. A devoted husband, father and grandfather, John is survived by his wife, Elsa, his five children, David, Graham, Donald, Alison and Andrew, and by 11 grandchildren. CONTRIBUTED BY HIS FAMILY
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