来源: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/326/5956/1050 University Head Zhu Qingshi Challenges Old Academic Ways Richard Stone In September, the government of Shenzhen, a city in southern China, appointed physical chemist Zhu Qingshi as president of the planned South University of Science and Technology. Zhu insisted on also being appointed the university's Communist Party secretary, making it clear he would be calling the shots. In an interview with Science , Zhu explained how he intends to shake up China's university systemwhether the education ministry likes it or not. 全文需要付费阅读 Science专访啊,而且他在科学网也开博了。 ------------------------------------------------ 下面百度下个人简历: 朱清时 中国科学院院士,化学家 男,汉族,1946年2月出生,四川省彭州市人,化学家,中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士。原中国科学技术大学校长。 1963年09月,进入 中国科学技术大学 近代物理系学习, 1968年12月,毕业分配到青海西宁山川机床铸造厂工作,先后当过工人和计划员。 1974年12月,调入中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,从此开始研究工作。 1984年08月,调到中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,先后担任课题组长、研究室主任、副研究员、研究员。 1987年至1993年任中国科学院 大连化学物理研究所 研究员, 1991年当选为中国科学院院士。 1994年00月,开始在中国科学技术大学从事教学科研工作,主持创建中国科学院选键化学重点实验室。 1996年08月,任中国科学技术大学副校长。 1999年05月,任国务院学位委员会委员。 1998年06月,任中国科学技术大学校长。 2001年当选为第三世界科学院院士。 2008年09月,因年龄原因和任期要求,不再担任中国科学技术大学校长。 侯建国 接任。 2009年02月,正式受聘于四川大学化学学院担任教授,成为四川大学化学学院首位中科院院士 2009年09月,出任 南方科技大学 校长. 第八、九届全国人大代表、第十届全国政协委员。 学术兼职: 美国加州大学圣巴巴拉分校和麻省理工学院作访问学者, 美国布鲁克海文实验室和加拿大国家研究院作客座科学家, 法国格林罗布尔、第戎和巴黎十一大学作客座教授, 芬兰赫尔辛基大学客座教授, 英国皇家学会客座研究员在剑桥、牛津和诺丁汉大学工作。 英国皇家化学学会会员(Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry)、 中国化学会常务理事、 科技史与科技考古方向教授,博士生导师, 科技史与科技考古系主任, 中国科技史学会副理事长、 国际纯粹与应用化学联合会会员(Fellow of IUPAC)暨物化部理事, 东亚地区研究型大学校长联合会(AEARU)理事(2001年至今)、曾担任副主席(20022003)、主席(20042005)。 安徽省科学科技协会副主席。 1994年获海外华人物理学会亚洲成就奖和国际著名学术杂志《光谱化学学报(Spectrochimica Acta)》设立的汤普孙纪念奖、获安徽省2000年度重大科技成就奖、 2005年国家自然科学重大成就二等奖。至今已发表学术论文200余篇,著作3本。 科学成就与贡献: 朱清时同志在选键化学的一个关键问题-分子的局域模振动的研究中另辟新路,在世界上首次观测到 一系列纯粹局域模振动实例。并对它们的高分辨光谱进行了完整的理论分析,建立了包含转动的局域模振动的新理论模型。这些工作为选键化学带来了新希望。在 1990年Spectrochimica Acta杂志的Thompson奖评选中,他们发表的论文在获选的十四篇优秀论文中名列第三。他们的论文已成为局域模转动光谱学的开创性工作。此外他还 系统地研究了光谱学的其它重要问题。取得的成就包括:首例CaOH自由基的高分辨激光激发荧光光谱并观察到Renner-Teller效应;C2H5Cl 和CF3CHO分子的多光子离解动力学,建立了离解产物分布的熵极大模型;Na2分子一些里德堡态的双共振光谱,发现了自旋耦合和量子干涉的效 应;CDF3,C2H5CI,CH3I,C3H6和SF6分子中的光谱微扰,估计出了振动非谱性和振转相互作用的效应。共发表论文48篇,编写研究生课程 讲义三本。 一、1975年他开始在青海盐湖研究所从事激光分离同位素重大项目研究,一年后成为项目负责人 和学术带头人。他通过理论分析后制定的激光光压偏析法分离锂同位素的方案,在自制设备完成后,首次实验即获成功,其研究方案为国内首创。成果通过鉴定后获 1982年中国科学院重大成果二等奖。 二、在激光光谱学方面取得了国际一流的研究成果。在CaOH自由基的高分辨因子振转光谱的 研究中,发展了一种先进的激光诱导荧光光谱技术,首次测得了CaOH自由基的高分辨光谱。在多原子分子的半导体激光光谱和富利叶变换光谱研究中,测得 CDF3的高分辨半导体激光光谱,观察到强度按核自旋统计权重分布的转动跃迁;进行CH2DCH2CI的振动力场分析,发展了用光谱来鉴别同分异构分子的 有效方法,受到国际学术界的重视。在1981年和1983年的第36届和38届国际分子光谱讨论会上两次应邀作半导体激光光谱Session主席。 三、1988年以来,他在分子高振动态的实验和理论研究中,取得一系列具有国际领先水平的重要 成果。主要有:(1)二十年来国际上光谱学家们为寻找分子的局域模振动态进行了大量实验,但无一例可确认是长寿命的。1998年,他在剑桥大学用自己设计 的方法,首次在实验中观测到硅烷和锗烷等球陀螺分子的局域模振动使对称性降低,造成振转能级结构的显著变化,令人信服地证明它们是长寿命的局域模振动态, 随后他在大连化物所建立了更好的装置,又在许多其它分子中观测到了这种振动态;(2)他在理论上证明局域模振动是XYn型分子的伸缩振动在高振动能区中的 普遍趋势,且分子作局域模振动时Coriolis和Fermi相互作用将消失或减弱。这些工作推动了分子光谱的发展并为选键化学提供了依据。有关论文十几 年来一直在被引用,局域模振动光谱已成为现代分子光谱学的重要内容之一。他是学术界公认是国际上关于分子局域模振动的主要专家之一,多次应邀到国际分子光 谱大会作大会报告。 四、1997年他与日本学者合作,用局域模振动和分子内传能解释了STM实验中的一些新现象, 同时组织学校物理、化学和材料科学领域进行合作,开展了对单分子化学的研究,并在这一国际上最新重大领域中取得了一系列国内外瞩目的成绩。他们对硅表面上 碳60分子取向的研究被评为1999年中国基础研究十大新闻之一。他们首次拍摄出了化学键的照片,已在英国《自然》杂志上发表。该工作被同时评为由两 院院士评选的2001年中国十大科技新闻、由科技部组织评选的中国基础科学研究十大新闻和由教育部组织评选的全国高校十大科技新闻。他们的这 些工作对于掌握单分子和原子的行为规律和构造单分子的电子器件有重要意义, 其中的实验方法和理论模型都是他所领导的研究集体首创的。 五、他是我国绿色化学(从源头起不产生污染的化学)的主要倡导者和组织者之一,大力倡导我国绿 色化学研究。多次应邀在重要国际会议上作关于生态经济和绿色化学的报告,并作为主席,主持了七次国际绿色化学研讨会(合肥、成都、广州、济南、合肥),在 国内外产生了较大影响。他创建了中国科大生物质洁净能源实验室,并出版了国内第一本该方面的专著《生物质洁净能源》,正在从事把快速生长的树木和农业 废弃的麦秸稻草等生物质转化为液体燃料的研究,为开发新一代可再生能源和人类可持续发展提供科学依据。 朱清时院士作为一名教育工作者,他已经培养了30余名优秀的博士研究生,他们当中有的已经成为科研领域中的杰出人才。 1998年6月就任校长以来,致力于规划和组织学校面向21世纪建设一流大学,卓有成效地推进了学校教学、科研、管理和后勤服务等各项事业的改革与发展。
Science 20 November 2009: Vol. 326. no. 5956, p. 1050 DOI: 10.1126/science.326.5956.1050 News of the Week Newsmaker Interview: University Head Zhu Qingshi Challenges Old Academic Ways Richard Stone BEIJING Every autumn when Nobel Prize winners are announced and the world's most populous nation misses outyet againthe mass media and blogs here blame an education system that values rote memorization over creativity. Widespread disaffection is a factor, Chinese state media observed, behind the National People's Congress's decision earlier this month to sack Education Minister Zhou Ji. But true change may come only from the bottom up. In September, the government of Shenzhen, a city in southern China, appointed physical chemist Zhu Qingshi as president of the planned South University of Science and Technology (SUST). Zhu insisted on also being appointed the university's Communist Party secretary, making it clear he would be calling the shots. A Sichuan native, Zhu, 63, graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China here in 1968 (USTC later moved to Hefei) and has been a visiting fellow at several top overseas labs, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Zhu's pioneering research in laser spectroscopy won him election to the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the tender age of 45. He became known as a reformer during his tenure as USTC president from 1998 to 2008. CREDIT: PHOTO COURTESY OF XU WENGE/NDDAILY Shenzhen, near Hong Kong, was the cradle of China's market economy 30 years ago. In its bid to become a paragon of education reform, the city paid nearly $1 billion for the land for SUST's campus, expected to open in 2012 with an enrolment of 1500 undergraduates and 500 graduate students in science and engineeringall on scholarships covering tuition and living expenses. (SUST will launch with a small group of students in temporary digs next year.) In an interview with Science , Zhu explained how he intends to shake up China's university systemwhether the education ministry likes it or not. Q: What did you do in Hefei to earn your reputation as a reformer? Z.Q.: My most important contribution to USTC was not what I did but what I did not do. In the past several years, Chinese universities grew very quickly, buying up land and enlarging enrollments. But teaching staffs were not expanded. We wanted to maintain academic standards, so we rejected this approach. Secondly, the Ministry of Education evaluates teaching and research activities at all universities. Evaluation is a good thing. But the ministry's evaluation now is not a real evaluation; it's a formal exercise. Q: An exercise in wining and dining? Z.Q.: Exactly. The evaluators would come to our university, and we didn't prepare anything special; instead we asked them to observe the professors and students. Q: Did the education ministry appreciate your approach? Z.Q.: No, they did not appreciate it. We didn't get perfect marks, but around 70% of China's universities did. Everybody knows the evaluation has no meaning. Of course, it's connected to funding, and our university got less money from the central government. But we kept a very high level of education and research. Q: In what way will SUST be different from other Chinese universities? Z.Q.: We will abolish rank: what we call debureaucratization of the administration. Q: How will that help? Z.Q.: The main problem in higher education is bureaucratic power. Many professors now pursue bureaucratic rank instead of academic excellence. If you attain a high rank, you get money, a car, research funding. This is why Chinese universities have lost vitality. Q: How will you persuade people to work for SUST rather than top universities like Tsinghua or Beida ? Z.Q.: First, the Shenzhen government promised that we can hire professors at the same salary as professors at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. That's higher than Beida, even higher than many U.S. universities. Also, SUST will be the first university in China with a significant budget for research. This is something I'm pursuing very hard. We don't want our professors to have to continuously apply for funding. Q: A lot of critics say that China's education system suppresses creativity. At the teaching level, what needs to change? Z.Q.: We feel that the whole year of grade three of high school is wasted just preparing for the Gao Kao . At SUST, we will not enroll students based on Gao Kao results. We will enroll them directly from grade two of high school. Next year, we will take 50 students from grade two. Q: Does the education ministry see your rebel attitude as a threat to its authority? Z.Q.: They might not forbid us to carry out our plan, but they also might not encourage us. There is a danger that our students may not get a diploma issued by the education ministry. My goal is to ensure that my students are accepted by society and get good jobs after they graduate. If I accomplish that, this experiment will be a success. People are looking for a university to challenge the education system and show an effective path for reform. SUST is going to face many problems. I am prepared to be the first to try true education reform, but maybe someone after me will be the first to succeed.