近两天,朱清时院士的“真气”说引起了很多争论。这个问题,土著不懂。 院士讨论的量子力学测量理论,却在土著饭碗内,是天天面对的问题,多少懂一点。院士的量子力学观参见:演讲“ 从薛定谔的猫到“一切唯心,万法唯识 ”,“ 不可思议的量子意识 ”,《物理学步入禅境:缘起性空》,《再谈物理学步入禅境》和《量子意识——现代科学与佛学的汇合处 ? 》等等。谁会 去在意一位外行的胡言乱语? 没想到院士头衔本身就是号召力! 一票 大侠齐上阵,好一顿 口诛笔伐,好不 热闹。 也过来 蹭个热点。 必须指出,院士量子力学观的要点是, 量子力学中没有主客观的清晰分界, 客观的存在会受到人类的是否观测的影响 。这个看法不是偶然的产物,而是一种必然 ! 这种必然,有两个来源。第一,用公众语言来说明量子力学时,必然丧失一些科学的严谨性。第二,有些从未成形或者过时的理论,却非常吸引公众眼球,在大 众媒体中 仿佛是科学的定论。院士的错误,主要来自第二点。量子力学有一个所谓冯诺依曼解释 ( 或者称之为冯诺依曼 — 魏格纳解释 ) : 意识导致波包塌缩 ,诗意的说法就是, 客观的存在会受到人类的是否观测的影响。 一,量子力学的冯诺依曼解释解释:意识导致波包塌缩 这个解释的核心是:“ 量子力学规则是正确的但是量子力学只能处理一个系统,即全部的物质世界。另外存在不能用量子力学处理的外部的观测者,即人类 ( 或许动物 ) 的意愿,它能利用大脑施行测量,导致了波函数的坍塌。 ”“ 非物理的意识 被假设成为唯一的测量仪器。 ” 这些文字是维基百科 “ Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation ” 条目中有关 文字的翻译。 In his 1932 book The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, John von Neumann argued that the mathematics of quantum mechanics allows for the collapse of thewave function to be placed at any position in the causal chain from themeasurement device to the subjective perception of the human observer. In 1939, Fritz London and Edmond Bauer argued for the latter boundary (consciousness). In the 1960s, Eugene Wigner reformulated the Schrödinger'scat thought experiment as Wigner's friend and proposed that the consciousness of an observer is the demarcation line which precipitates collapse of the wave function, independent of any realist interpretation. ... . The non-physical mind is postulated to be the only true measurement apparatus. Rudolf Peierls was also a proponent of this interpretation. This interpretation has been summarized thus: The rules of quantum mechanics are correct but there is only one system which may be treated with quantum mechanics, namely the entire material world. There exist external observers which cannot be treated within quantum mechanics, namely human (and perhaps animal) minds, which perform measurements on the brain causing wave function collapse. 1 . F. London and E. Bauer, La théorie de l’observation enmécanique quantique (1939), English translation in Quantum Theory and Measurement, edited by J.A., Wheeler and W.H. Zurek, Princeton University, Princeton, 1983, pp. 217–259. 2 . Wigner, Eugene; Henry Margenau (1967). Remarks on the Mind Body Question, in Symmetries and Reflections, Scientific Essays. American Journal of Physics. 35 (12): 1169–1170. Bibcode:1967AmJPh..35.1169W. doi:10.1119/1.1973829. Retrieved 2009-07-30. 3 . Schreiber, Z. The Nine Lives of Schrödingers's Cat: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9501014v5 4 . P. C. W. Davies and J. R. Brown (editors), The Ghost in the Atom, Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 73. 二,必须立即说明:这不是量子力学标准的解释 ! 由于冯诺依曼是量子力学数学基础的奠基人,哥本哈根解释的代表人物,在大众媒体中,他的意识导致波包塌缩的量子力学解释是哥本哈根解释的一部分。这是彻头彻尾的误解 ! 2011 年,一次国际会议上进行了一次民意调查,只有 6% 的与会者,认为意识导致波包塌缩的量子力学解释是哥本哈根解释的一部分 ! 即使如此,他们也认为“大众媒介有时认为哥本哈根解释把测量归咎于意识的作用,这是对哥本哈根解释的误解。” 这些文字亦来自 wiki “VonNeumann–Wigner interpretation 条 ” A pollwas conducted at a quantum mechanics conference in 2011 using 33 participants(including physicists, mathematicians, and philosophers). Researchers foundthat 6% of participants (2 of the 33) indicated that they believed the observerplays a distinguished physical role (e.g., wave-function collapse byconsciousness). They also mention that Popular accounts havesometimes suggested that the Copenhagen interpretation attributes such a roleto consciousness. In our view, this is to misunderstand the Copenhageninterpretation. 15. M.Schlosshauer; J. Koer; A. Zeilinger (2013). A Snapshot of FoundationalAttitudes Toward Quantum Mechanics. Studies in History and Philosophy ofScience Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 44 (3):222–230. arXiv:1301.1069 Freely accessible. doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.04.004. 注意,参与这次调查的不仅仅有物理学家,还有数学家和哲学家。他们的意见代表了国际科学界的如下共识:即使是量子力学哥本哈根解释,也不认为意识会决定测量结果。 二,初等科普:量子力学哥本哈根解释的核心是,量子测量需要经典仪器 尽管没有一个特别清晰的表述,量子力学哥本哈根解释却是量子力学的教科书解释。很多人把哥本哈根解释当成标准解释,很可能是不妥当的。但是,称之为“ 量子力学的教科书解释”却是恰如其分的! 这一解释的核心是需要一个经典仪器,而这个仪器不在量子力学之内。 Weinberg 认为, According toBohr, “The essentially new feature of the analysis of quantum phenomena is ...the introduction of a fundamental distinction between the measuring apparatus and the objects under investigation . This is a direct consequence of the necessity of accounting for the functions of themeasuring apparatus in purely classical terms, excluding in principle anyregard to the quantum of action.” Weinberg 还 认为, As Bohr acknowledged, in the Copenhagen interpretation a measurement changes the stateof a system in a way that cannot itself be described by quantum mechanics….This interpretation of quantum mechanics entails a departure from the dynamical assumptions of quantum mechanics during measurement. 三,中等说明:量子力学研究主体已经超越哥本哈根解释 从 1980 年代以来,理论界对量子力学测量理论发起了猛攻。今天,量子力学的研究主流的共识是:测量仪器满足量子力学 ! 不过,这个测量仪器的自由度无穷多,即满足所谓的热力学极限。 四,高等说明:为什么量子力学需要教科书解释,即哥本哈根解释 ? 哥本哈根解释比较简单 ! 用来哄哄学生进入量子力学的大门最方便 ! 五,结论 1 ,朱清时的量子力学观基于量子力学的冯诺依曼解释。尽管冯诺依曼是罕见的天才, 尽管 他对量子力学的发展具有重大(却不是决定性) 的 贡献, 尽管 他的“意识导致波包塌缩”的解释也许曾经有人注意,甚至有人认为是哥本哈根解释的一部分,但是,这个解释过时了。 2 ,今天国际科学界的共识是:意识不会影响测量结果。国际科学界的代表人物是:潘建伟院士的导师,物理学诺贝尔奖热门人物 A. Zeilinger 教授。 3 ,量子力学哥本哈根解释的核心是需要经典仪器。这个解释之所以还为教科书所用,不过是为了哄哄学生。并不代表今天物理学界的主流认识。 4 ,今天物理学界的主流认识是:量子测量不需要经典仪器。 ——————土著其人—————— 土著对高校自主招生充满了激情并工作超过了十年,甚至指导了通过自主招生这个窄们进入湖南大学的学生发表了 Top1 区 SCI 刊物论文,但是,他却是自主招生学生质量的怀疑论者。他相信物理学的基础中,应该有超乎经验的地方,否则就是唯象理论,但是,他也怀疑超乎经验的东西一旦超乎物理学本身是否依然可以接受 ? 他觉得国内的量子力学教材根本没有与时俱进,充斥了过时的、荒唐的说法,却对自己写的东西也是嗤之以鼻。很可能,他所在的局部地球磁场出了问题,或者他的 GPS 工作一直不正常。
看到报纸上说:“ 南科大在昨天的新闻发布会上一开始便放出重磅消息:昨日上午与陆为、许宗祥与徐虎三名教授签约,他们签约后均为全职教师,负责以后学生的专业课及学科建设。其中,陆为原为香港大学研究助理教授,许宗祥原为香港城市大学高级研究助理,徐虎原为香港城市大学高级助理研究员。 重磅消息还不止这一个。朱清时在接下来的发言中称,今年南科大计划招聘330位教工,主要是教授,其中20至30位为领军教授,50位讲座教授,120位左右的教授、副教授和助理教授。本次计划招聘的人才当中,将招聘100名左右的博士后。 ” 这个重磅消息把俺这个乡下人吓得一愣一愣的,香港科技大学在第一批学生入学时招聘了100名教员,就已经骄傲地不得了了,而朱校长看来被香港科技大学的创校校长和三位教授给气着了,一下子就是330位,大家注意,那还是今年的计划而已,明年的教授人数和质量还不得直接超过北大清华几十倍去呀?! 估计是朱清时校长看到三位香港科技大学的教授不太给力,也请出三个比他们哥仨还给力的,一方面吓唬吓唬不知天高地厚的香港人,另外也在全国人民面前好好得瑟得瑟。 俺们和周可真兄一样闲极无聊,就顺手派“狗”出去溜达了一圈,还是在香港(.hk)的“狗”。有如下结果出来: 一, 陆为( http://hub.hku.hk/rp/rp00754 ) 香港大学化学系Research Assistant Professor直译的话,应该是“研究助理教授” 以下为发表论文 1 Chow, LF; So, MH; Lu, W ; Zhu, N; Che, CM , Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Molecular Aggregation of Gold(I) Complexes Containing Carbon-Donor Ligands 2011 2 Kui, CF; Law, YC; Tong, SM; Lu, W ; Yuen, MY; Che, CM , Spectacular Luminescent Behaviour of Tandem Terpyridyl Platinum(ii) Acetylide Complexes Attributed to Solvent Effect on Ordering of Excited States, ‘‘Ion-Pair’’ Formation and Molecular Conformations 2011 3 Che, CM; Chow, CF; Yuen, MY; Roy, VAL; Lu, W ; Chen, Y; Chui, SY; Zhu, N , Single microcrystals of organoplatinum(II) complexes with high charge-carrier mobility 2011 4 Hau, CK; Chui, SY; Lu, W ; Che, CM; Cheng, PS; Mak, TCW; Miao, Q; Wong, HNC , Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Based on 1,8,9,16-Tetrasubstituted tetraphenylenes and their Structure–property Relationship 2011 5 Li, K; Chen, Y; Lu, W ; Zhu, N; Che, CM , A Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complex with a Pendent Pyridyl Motif as Solid-State Luminescent Sensor for Acidic Vapors 2011 6 Chen, Y; Chen, Y; Li, K; Lloyd, HO; Lu, W ; Chui, SY; Che, CM , Tetrakis(arylisocyanide) Rhodium(I) Salts in Water: NIR Luminescent and Conductive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanowires with Hierarchical Organization 2010 7 Wang, P; Leung, CH; Ma, DL; Lu, W ; Che, CM , Organoplatinum(II) Complexes with Nucleobase Motifs as Inhibitors of Human Topoisomerase II Catalytic Activity 2010 8 Lu, W ; Ng, KM; Che, CM , From Supramolecuar OrganopInatimn(II) Nanowires to Platinum 2009 9 Tang, HW; Ng, KM; Lu, W; Che, CM , Ion Desorption Efficiency and Internal Energy Transfer in Carbon-Based Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Desorption Mechanism(s) and the Design of SALDI Substrates 2009 10 Lu, W ; Chen, Y; Roy, VAL; Chui, SY; Che, CM , Supramolecular polymers and chromonic mesophases self-organized from phosphorescent cationic organoplatinum(II) complexes in water 2009 11 Lu, W ; Chen, Y; Roy, VAL; Chui, SSY; Che, CM , Supramolecular polymers and chromonic mesophases self-organized from phosphorescent cationic organoplatinum(II) complexes in water 2009 12 Zhu, M; Lu, W ; Zhu, N; Che, CM , Structures and Solvatochromic Phosphoresce of Dicationic Terpyridyl-Platinum(II) Complexes with Foldable Oligo (ortho-phenyleneethynylene Bridging Ligands , 2009 作为 Principal Investigator 主持的项目 Project Code: 102387 Funding Year: 2009/2010 ,金额 Amount: 14100 状态 Status: Completed Panel: Science Start Date: 06-06-2010 Expected Completion: 06-06-2010 Project Title: 5th International Symposium on Macrocyclic Supramolecular Chemistry Supramolecular Polyelectrolytes and Chromonic Mesophases Self-Organized from Phosphorescent Cationic Organoplatinum(II) Complexes in Water Conference Title: 5th International Symposium on Macrocyclic Supramolecular Chemistry Presentation Paper Title: Supramolecular Polyelectrolytes and Chromonic Mesophases Self-Organized from Phosphorescent Cationic Organoplatinum(II) Complexes in Water Keywords: supramolecular chemistry,mesophase,platinum,polymer,optoelectronics Discipline: Chemical Sciences Materials Sciences Sponsor: Conference Fund for Academic Staff Grant Type/Funding Scheme: URC/CRCG - Conference Grants for Teaching Staff Project Code: 101875 Funding Year: 2009/2010 Amount: 40000 Status: On-going Panel: Science Start Date: 01-01-2010 Expected Completion: 01-01-2010 Project Title: Nanostructures and Mesophases Self-Assembled from Ionic Transition Metal Complexes with Oleophilic Counterions Keywords: Nanostructures, Mesophases, Platinum, Self-Assembly, Metal-Metal Interactions, Luminescence Discipline: Chemical Sciences, Materials Sciences Sponsor: Block Grant Earmarked for Research (104) Grant Type/Funding Scheme: Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research Co-Investigator(s): Professor Che Chi Ming Project Code: 82455 Funding Year: 2006/2007 Amount: 55442 Status: Completed Panel: Science Start Date: 01-09-2006 Expected Completion: 01-09-2006 Project Title: Self-Assembled Nano- and Submicron-Structures from Hybrid Platinum(II) Complexes Keywords: Organometallics,Nanostructures,Platinum Discipline: Chemical Sciences Chemical Engineering Sponsor: RGC Direct Allocation Grant Grant Type/Funding Scheme: Small Project Funding Co-Investigator(s): Professor Che Chi Ming 2,许宗祥 查到许宗祥在香港城市大学一个研究组的介绍网页( http://www.molec.net/members.htm ), 许博士在 Visitors / Postdocs / Staff 这个栏目下有列, 其硕士学士学历在厦门大学取得,博士学位在香港大学取得,如下: Dr. Xu Zongxiang Research Fellow 【这个title和上面列的那个似有不同,也许是有变化】 Department of Physics and Materials Science Degrees: BS, MS, Xiamen University; Ph.D, University of Hong Kong 同时查到作为项目联合主持人的一个网页( http://www6.cityu.edu.hk/kto/AvailableTech.aspx?id=213 ),上面说他是香港城市大学物理及材料科學系 高級研究助理 ( Senior Research Assistant ),没去查更多内容。 Principal Investigator 項目負責人 Dr VELLAISAMY, Roy Assistant Professor, Department of Physics and Materials Science 物理及材料科學系助理教授 Dr XU Zongxiang 許宗祥博士 Senior Research Assistant, Department of Physics and Materials Science 物理及材料科學系高級研究助理 和主持该项目的 Roy 博士一起主持的这个项目名称是“ Phthalocyanine/Polymer Nanocomposite Ink for Optoelectronics ”,看上去是个关于纳米材料的项目。 3,徐虎 恕俺不会使用网络,没有发现香港城市大学高级助理研究员徐虎的内容,也没有去花功夫去细查。 【Blog主人道:朱清时校长真是厉害,一吓人就是吓得往地沟里钻,俺们倒是宁愿相信朱清时校长知道啥是重磅啥不是重磅的,也许是又让记者给涮了。俺也不断地劝告朱校长,别再表演了,别再和记者们玩了,最后一定是被记者们给玩惨】 【Blog主人又道:本来人家这三个小伙子挺低调的,也希望能够做点啥。可是,这次记者招待会上又成了南科大在受到三位香港教授羞辱后用于反击的重磅人物,想不低调都难了,朱校长,您真是 毁人不倦 啊!另外,这仨小伙子,被朱校长“重磅”一次后,感觉如何啊?!】
China Daring Experiment in Higher Education Opens Its Doors Richard Stone SHENZHEN, CHINA —Let's say a pirate ship is 560 meters from a seaside fort. If the fort can fire a cannonball at a speed of 82 meters per second, at which two angles could you raise the cannon and hit the ship? David Shuk Yin Tong, teaching Physics 101 in English, poses that question to the inaugural batch of freshmen here at South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC). A dozen hands shoot in the air. Now let's say the pirate ship is a new university that's taking aim at sacred cows of China's education system. So far the vessel has not been blown out of the water. But the stress is taking a toll on its commander, Zhu Qingshi. “I haven't been sleeping well for months,” he confides. Last month, Zhu launched SUSTC, a bold challenge to the country's education system. Among Chinese universities, SUSTC stands alone in spurning the national entrance exam, or Gao Kao : it enrolls high-flying students nominated not only for their grades but also for their creativity and passion for learning. In another innovation, SUSTC faculty members are not given administrative rank. In China, Zhu says, many professors spend more energy climbing this bureaucratic ladder than improving their teaching. And whereas other mainland universities have two leaders—president and Communist Party secretary—Zhu holds both titles and calls all the shots. View larger version: In this page In a new window Young pioneers. SUSTC's inaugural class has placed their fate in the hands of Zhu Qingshi ( left ), who has persuaded scholars like Zhang Xianke ( right ) to join his revolution. CREDITS: LAN HAI/SUSTC The central government has qualms about SUSTC's revolutionary approach; the education ministry has not granted it accreditation. SUSTC “wants to operate in a totally new mode. That will be a great challenge,” says Hao Zhifeng, a vice president at Guangdong University of Technology in Guangzhou. Zhu, 65, had no illusions that the road would be easy. But if he can succeed anywhere, it's here. Thirty years ago, China made a momentous decision to experiment with a market economy in Shenzhen. “We need to do the same with our education system,” Zhu says. Put another way, says SUSTC mathematics professor Zhang Xianke, “China's GDP has risen, but now science and education need to rise. We need to improve the way our people think.” The fact that the Chinese government has allowed SUSTC to set sail “is an indication of progress” toward education reform, says Gerard Postiglione, director of the Wah Ching Center of Research on Education in China at the University of Hong Kong. Zhu himself is exceptional: The physical chemist's pioneering work in laser spectroscopy won him election to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) at the age of 45. As president of CAS's University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei from 1998 to 2008, Zhu had a bird's-eye view as his teaching staff and students struggled to transform bookish smarts into creative sparks. Many talents, he observed, blossomed only after they went overseas for advanced training. “If China wants to become a leader in higher education,” Postiglione says, “more creative and deep-thinking students will have to come from Chinese universities.” That will require universities to reinvent themselves. Powerhouses like Tsinghua University and Peking University, both in Beijing, are attempting to do that through gradual evolution. Another initiative announced last week will try a hybrid strategy: New York University is partnering with East China Normal University to create NYU Shanghai. Expected to open in September 2013, the research university will also look beyond Gao Kao scores during admissions and enroll up to half its students from outside China. SUSTC is taking a more radical tack, with local support. Shenzhen officials “thought they could spend more money and build a better science university than Hong Kong,” Hao says. Shenzhen paid nearly $1 billion for the land for SUSTC's campus. Construction will cost another $300 million and is expected to be completed in June 2012. SUSTC plans to enroll 200 students next year. Its target in 5 years is 300 teaching staff, 2000 undergrads, and 100 graduate students. The university opened its doors 2 weeks ago to 45 freshmen at a temporary campus. Even this elite group has an outlier: 11-year-old Su Liuyi, who has already managed to wow his mathematics professor. “Su is not only clever, he also likes thinking. I've already introduced him to group theory,” says Zhang, who gave up a professorship at Tsinghua to come to SUSTC. The students know that they have taken a gamble in enrolling. “We don't have enough faculty, students, or even books in our library” to qualify officially as a university, Zhu says. Even if SUSTC expands as planned, the law requires many years of operation “before we can enroll Ph.D. students,” Zhu says. To overcome this hurdle, he must persuade the central government to either change the law or grant SUSTC status as an experimental post-graduate institution. Zhu has nevertheless managed to reel in a few outstanding faculty members, including Zhang, Tong, who is a former deputy president of City University of Hong Kong, and supercomputer specialist Chen Guoliang. As an inducement for others to follow, Zhu is building a research endowment. “We want our professors to never have to worry about funding. They can focus on research,” he says. The central government has given SUSTC 3 years to prove it deserves accreditation. If the university fails to make that case, its graduates may have little choice but to go abroad for further study or jobs; few companies in China would recognize their diplomas. Considering the sizable sum that Shenzhen is investing in SUSTC, Hao says, “no one wants to see it turn into a high-level prep school that sends elite Chinese students overseas.” Zhu understands: “If society does not accept our students, it will mean we have failed.” On the other hand, if SUSTC prevails, he says, “it can be an example for the whole country.” 《Science》原文: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6026/161.full
来源: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/326/5956/1050 University Head Zhu Qingshi Challenges Old Academic Ways Richard Stone In September, the government of Shenzhen, a city in southern China, appointed physical chemist Zhu Qingshi as president of the planned South University of Science and Technology. Zhu insisted on also being appointed the university's Communist Party secretary, making it clear he would be calling the shots. In an interview with Science , Zhu explained how he intends to shake up China's university systemwhether the education ministry likes it or not. 全文需要付费阅读 Science专访啊,而且他在科学网也开博了。 ------------------------------------------------ 下面百度下个人简历: 朱清时 中国科学院院士,化学家 男,汉族,1946年2月出生,四川省彭州市人,化学家,中国科学院院士、第三世界科学院院士。原中国科学技术大学校长。 1963年09月,进入 中国科学技术大学 近代物理系学习, 1968年12月,毕业分配到青海西宁山川机床铸造厂工作,先后当过工人和计划员。 1974年12月,调入中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,从此开始研究工作。 1984年08月,调到中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,先后担任课题组长、研究室主任、副研究员、研究员。 1987年至1993年任中国科学院 大连化学物理研究所 研究员, 1991年当选为中国科学院院士。 1994年00月,开始在中国科学技术大学从事教学科研工作,主持创建中国科学院选键化学重点实验室。 1996年08月,任中国科学技术大学副校长。 1999年05月,任国务院学位委员会委员。 1998年06月,任中国科学技术大学校长。 2001年当选为第三世界科学院院士。 2008年09月,因年龄原因和任期要求,不再担任中国科学技术大学校长。 侯建国 接任。 2009年02月,正式受聘于四川大学化学学院担任教授,成为四川大学化学学院首位中科院院士 2009年09月,出任 南方科技大学 校长. 第八、九届全国人大代表、第十届全国政协委员。 学术兼职: 美国加州大学圣巴巴拉分校和麻省理工学院作访问学者, 美国布鲁克海文实验室和加拿大国家研究院作客座科学家, 法国格林罗布尔、第戎和巴黎十一大学作客座教授, 芬兰赫尔辛基大学客座教授, 英国皇家学会客座研究员在剑桥、牛津和诺丁汉大学工作。 英国皇家化学学会会员(Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry)、 中国化学会常务理事、 科技史与科技考古方向教授,博士生导师, 科技史与科技考古系主任, 中国科技史学会副理事长、 国际纯粹与应用化学联合会会员(Fellow of IUPAC)暨物化部理事, 东亚地区研究型大学校长联合会(AEARU)理事(2001年至今)、曾担任副主席(20022003)、主席(20042005)。 安徽省科学科技协会副主席。 1994年获海外华人物理学会亚洲成就奖和国际著名学术杂志《光谱化学学报(Spectrochimica Acta)》设立的汤普孙纪念奖、获安徽省2000年度重大科技成就奖、 2005年国家自然科学重大成就二等奖。至今已发表学术论文200余篇,著作3本。 科学成就与贡献: 朱清时同志在选键化学的一个关键问题-分子的局域模振动的研究中另辟新路,在世界上首次观测到 一系列纯粹局域模振动实例。并对它们的高分辨光谱进行了完整的理论分析,建立了包含转动的局域模振动的新理论模型。这些工作为选键化学带来了新希望。在 1990年Spectrochimica Acta杂志的Thompson奖评选中,他们发表的论文在获选的十四篇优秀论文中名列第三。他们的论文已成为局域模转动光谱学的开创性工作。此外他还 系统地研究了光谱学的其它重要问题。取得的成就包括:首例CaOH自由基的高分辨激光激发荧光光谱并观察到Renner-Teller效应;C2H5Cl 和CF3CHO分子的多光子离解动力学,建立了离解产物分布的熵极大模型;Na2分子一些里德堡态的双共振光谱,发现了自旋耦合和量子干涉的效 应;CDF3,C2H5CI,CH3I,C3H6和SF6分子中的光谱微扰,估计出了振动非谱性和振转相互作用的效应。共发表论文48篇,编写研究生课程 讲义三本。 一、1975年他开始在青海盐湖研究所从事激光分离同位素重大项目研究,一年后成为项目负责人 和学术带头人。他通过理论分析后制定的激光光压偏析法分离锂同位素的方案,在自制设备完成后,首次实验即获成功,其研究方案为国内首创。成果通过鉴定后获 1982年中国科学院重大成果二等奖。 二、在激光光谱学方面取得了国际一流的研究成果。在CaOH自由基的高分辨因子振转光谱的 研究中,发展了一种先进的激光诱导荧光光谱技术,首次测得了CaOH自由基的高分辨光谱。在多原子分子的半导体激光光谱和富利叶变换光谱研究中,测得 CDF3的高分辨半导体激光光谱,观察到强度按核自旋统计权重分布的转动跃迁;进行CH2DCH2CI的振动力场分析,发展了用光谱来鉴别同分异构分子的 有效方法,受到国际学术界的重视。在1981年和1983年的第36届和38届国际分子光谱讨论会上两次应邀作半导体激光光谱Session主席。 三、1988年以来,他在分子高振动态的实验和理论研究中,取得一系列具有国际领先水平的重要 成果。主要有:(1)二十年来国际上光谱学家们为寻找分子的局域模振动态进行了大量实验,但无一例可确认是长寿命的。1998年,他在剑桥大学用自己设计 的方法,首次在实验中观测到硅烷和锗烷等球陀螺分子的局域模振动使对称性降低,造成振转能级结构的显著变化,令人信服地证明它们是长寿命的局域模振动态, 随后他在大连化物所建立了更好的装置,又在许多其它分子中观测到了这种振动态;(2)他在理论上证明局域模振动是XYn型分子的伸缩振动在高振动能区中的 普遍趋势,且分子作局域模振动时Coriolis和Fermi相互作用将消失或减弱。这些工作推动了分子光谱的发展并为选键化学提供了依据。有关论文十几 年来一直在被引用,局域模振动光谱已成为现代分子光谱学的重要内容之一。他是学术界公认是国际上关于分子局域模振动的主要专家之一,多次应邀到国际分子光 谱大会作大会报告。 四、1997年他与日本学者合作,用局域模振动和分子内传能解释了STM实验中的一些新现象, 同时组织学校物理、化学和材料科学领域进行合作,开展了对单分子化学的研究,并在这一国际上最新重大领域中取得了一系列国内外瞩目的成绩。他们对硅表面上 碳60分子取向的研究被评为1999年中国基础研究十大新闻之一。他们首次拍摄出了化学键的照片,已在英国《自然》杂志上发表。该工作被同时评为由两 院院士评选的2001年中国十大科技新闻、由科技部组织评选的中国基础科学研究十大新闻和由教育部组织评选的全国高校十大科技新闻。他们的这 些工作对于掌握单分子和原子的行为规律和构造单分子的电子器件有重要意义, 其中的实验方法和理论模型都是他所领导的研究集体首创的。 五、他是我国绿色化学(从源头起不产生污染的化学)的主要倡导者和组织者之一,大力倡导我国绿 色化学研究。多次应邀在重要国际会议上作关于生态经济和绿色化学的报告,并作为主席,主持了七次国际绿色化学研讨会(合肥、成都、广州、济南、合肥),在 国内外产生了较大影响。他创建了中国科大生物质洁净能源实验室,并出版了国内第一本该方面的专著《生物质洁净能源》,正在从事把快速生长的树木和农业 废弃的麦秸稻草等生物质转化为液体燃料的研究,为开发新一代可再生能源和人类可持续发展提供科学依据。 朱清时院士作为一名教育工作者,他已经培养了30余名优秀的博士研究生,他们当中有的已经成为科研领域中的杰出人才。 1998年6月就任校长以来,致力于规划和组织学校面向21世纪建设一流大学,卓有成效地推进了学校教学、科研、管理和后勤服务等各项事业的改革与发展。
Science 20 November 2009: Vol. 326. no. 5956, p. 1050 DOI: 10.1126/science.326.5956.1050 News of the Week Newsmaker Interview: University Head Zhu Qingshi Challenges Old Academic Ways Richard Stone BEIJING Every autumn when Nobel Prize winners are announced and the world's most populous nation misses outyet againthe mass media and blogs here blame an education system that values rote memorization over creativity. Widespread disaffection is a factor, Chinese state media observed, behind the National People's Congress's decision earlier this month to sack Education Minister Zhou Ji. But true change may come only from the bottom up. In September, the government of Shenzhen, a city in southern China, appointed physical chemist Zhu Qingshi as president of the planned South University of Science and Technology (SUST). Zhu insisted on also being appointed the university's Communist Party secretary, making it clear he would be calling the shots. A Sichuan native, Zhu, 63, graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China here in 1968 (USTC later moved to Hefei) and has been a visiting fellow at several top overseas labs, including the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Zhu's pioneering research in laser spectroscopy won him election to the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the tender age of 45. He became known as a reformer during his tenure as USTC president from 1998 to 2008. CREDIT: PHOTO COURTESY OF XU WENGE/NDDAILY Shenzhen, near Hong Kong, was the cradle of China's market economy 30 years ago. In its bid to become a paragon of education reform, the city paid nearly $1 billion for the land for SUST's campus, expected to open in 2012 with an enrolment of 1500 undergraduates and 500 graduate students in science and engineeringall on scholarships covering tuition and living expenses. (SUST will launch with a small group of students in temporary digs next year.) In an interview with Science , Zhu explained how he intends to shake up China's university systemwhether the education ministry likes it or not. Q: What did you do in Hefei to earn your reputation as a reformer? Z.Q.: My most important contribution to USTC was not what I did but what I did not do. In the past several years, Chinese universities grew very quickly, buying up land and enlarging enrollments. But teaching staffs were not expanded. We wanted to maintain academic standards, so we rejected this approach. Secondly, the Ministry of Education evaluates teaching and research activities at all universities. Evaluation is a good thing. But the ministry's evaluation now is not a real evaluation; it's a formal exercise. Q: An exercise in wining and dining? Z.Q.: Exactly. The evaluators would come to our university, and we didn't prepare anything special; instead we asked them to observe the professors and students. Q: Did the education ministry appreciate your approach? Z.Q.: No, they did not appreciate it. We didn't get perfect marks, but around 70% of China's universities did. Everybody knows the evaluation has no meaning. Of course, it's connected to funding, and our university got less money from the central government. But we kept a very high level of education and research. Q: In what way will SUST be different from other Chinese universities? Z.Q.: We will abolish rank: what we call debureaucratization of the administration. Q: How will that help? Z.Q.: The main problem in higher education is bureaucratic power. Many professors now pursue bureaucratic rank instead of academic excellence. If you attain a high rank, you get money, a car, research funding. This is why Chinese universities have lost vitality. Q: How will you persuade people to work for SUST rather than top universities like Tsinghua or Beida ? Z.Q.: First, the Shenzhen government promised that we can hire professors at the same salary as professors at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. That's higher than Beida, even higher than many U.S. universities. Also, SUST will be the first university in China with a significant budget for research. This is something I'm pursuing very hard. We don't want our professors to have to continuously apply for funding. Q: A lot of critics say that China's education system suppresses creativity. At the teaching level, what needs to change? Z.Q.: We feel that the whole year of grade three of high school is wasted just preparing for the Gao Kao . At SUST, we will not enroll students based on Gao Kao results. We will enroll them directly from grade two of high school. Next year, we will take 50 students from grade two. Q: Does the education ministry see your rebel attitude as a threat to its authority? Z.Q.: They might not forbid us to carry out our plan, but they also might not encourage us. There is a danger that our students may not get a diploma issued by the education ministry. My goal is to ensure that my students are accepted by society and get good jobs after they graduate. If I accomplish that, this experiment will be a success. People are looking for a university to challenge the education system and show an effective path for reform. SUST is going to face many problems. I am prepared to be the first to try true education reform, but maybe someone after me will be the first to succeed.