小柯机器人

江西农业大学黄路生等研究人员合作发现，ABO基因型通过调节猪的GalNAc水平改变肠道微生物群。2022年4月27日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》在线发表了这一成果。

研究人员报道了宿主基因型对一个大型马赛克猪群的肠道微生物群组成的影响。结果表明，在遗传多样性和环境统一性加剧的条件下，微生物群的组成和特定分类群的丰度是可遗传的。研究人员绘制了一个影响丹毒丝菌科物种丰度的定量性状位点，并表明它是由支撑人类ABO血型的N-乙酰-半乳糖胺基转移酶基因的2.3Kb缺失引起的。研究人员表明，这个缺失是一个≥350万年的平衡选择下的跨物种多态性。

研究人员证明，它降低了肠道中N-乙酰-半乳糖胺的浓度，从而减少了能够输入和分解N-乙酰-半乳糖胺的丹毒丝菌丰度。这些研究结果提供了非常有力的证据，证明了宿主基因型对肠道内特定细菌丰度的影响，同时也揭示了支撑这种联系的分子机制。它们为确定人类农村人口中的相同效应铺平了道路。

据介绍，肠道微生物组的组成因人而异，与健康相关。了解宿主遗传学在多大程度上以及如何对这种变化做出贡献是最重要的，但事实证明很难，因为很少有关联被重复，特别是在人类身上。

附：英文原文

Title: ABO genotype alters the gut microbiota by regulating GalNAc levels in pigs

Author: Yang, Hui, Wu, Jinyuan, Huang, Xiaochang, Zhou, Yunyan, Zhang, Yifeng, Liu, Min, Liu, Qin, Ke, Shanlin, He, Maozhang, Fu, Hao, Fang, Shaoming, Xiong, Xinwei, Jiang, Hui, Chen, Zhe, Wu, Zhongzi, Gong, Huanfa, Tong, Xinkai, Huang, Yizhong, Ma, Junwu, Gao, Jun, Charlier, Carole, Coppieters, Wouter, Shagam, Lev, Zhang, Zhiyan, Ai, Huashui, Yang, Bin, Georges, Michel, Chen, Congying, Huang, Lusheng

Issue&Volume: 2022-04-27

Abstract: The composition of the intestinal microbiome varies considerably between individuals and is correlated with health1. Understanding to what extend and how host genetics contributes to this variation is paramount yet has proven difficult as few associations have been replicated, particularly in humans2. We herein study the effect of host genotype on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in a large mosaic pig population. We show that, under conditions of exacerbated genetic diversity and environmental uniformity, microbiota composition and abundance of specific taxa are heritable. We map a quantitative trait locus affecting the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae species and show that it is caused by a 2.3-Kb deletion in the N-acetyl-galactosaminyl-transferase gene underpinning the ABO blood group in humans. We show that this deletion is a ≥3.5 million years old trans-species polymorphism under balancing selection. We demonstrate that it decreases the concentrations of N-acetyl-galactosamine in the gut thereby reducing the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae that can import and catabolize N-acetyl-galactosamine. Our results provide very strong evidence for an effect of host genotype on the abundance of specific bacteria in the intestine combined with insights in the molecular mechanisms that underpin this association. They pave the way towards identifying the same effect in human rural populations.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04769-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04769-z

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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