小柯机器人

瑞典隆德大学Nick Sirijovski和德国亥姆霍兹慕尼黑中心Manuel Spannagl研究团队取得一项新突破。他们对马赛克燕麦基因组的研究提供了对特殊健康谷类作物的见解。相关论文于2022年5月18日发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员解析了二倍体（Avena longiglumis，AA，2n=14）和四倍体（Avena insularis，CCDD，2n=4x=28）燕麦祖细胞的高质量参考基因组。研究揭示了燕麦基因组的镶嵌结构，追踪了燕麦多倍化进化过程中的大规模基因组重组事件，并阐述了与燕麦基因组结构相关的育种障碍。研究对与人类健康和营养有关的基因家族进行了详细分析，这提供了无麸质饮食中燕麦安全的证据，并且还通过测序对与用水效率相关的农艺性状进行了描绘。燕麦属基因组资源将有助于对其他谷物基因组的知识利用，提高对基本燕麦生物学的理解，并加速基因组学辅助育种和数量性状研究的再分析。

研究人员表示，栽培燕麦(Avena sativa L.)是一种异源六倍体(AACCDD, 2n=6x=42)物种，一般认为在3,000多年前被驯化，当时其被认为是杂草在安纳托利亚的小麦、二粒小麦和大麦田中生长。燕麦具有低碳、持续的健康益处以及替代动物性食品的潜力。然而，缺乏完整注释的参考基因组阻碍了对其复杂进化历史和功能基因动力学进行解卷积。

附：英文原文

Title: The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop

Author: Kamal, Nadia, Tsardakas Renhuldt, Nikos, Bentzer, Johan, Gundlach, Heidrun, Haberer, Georg, Juhsz, Angla, Lux, Thomas, Bose, Utpal, Tye-Din, Jason A., Lang, Daniel, van Gessel, Nico, Reski, Ralf, Fu, Yong-Bi, Spgel, Peter, Ceplitis, Alf, Himmelbach, Axel, Waters, Amanda J., Bekele, Wubishet A., Colgrave, Michelle L., Hansson, Mats, Stein, Nils, Mayer, Klaus F. X., Jellen, Eric N., Maughan, Peter J., Tinker, Nicholas A., Mascher, Martin, Olsson, Olof, Spannagl, Manuel, Sirijovski, Nick

Issue&Volume: 2022-05-18

Abstract: Cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) is an allohexaploid (AACCDD, 2n=6x=42) thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago while growing as a weed in wheat, emmer and barley fields in Anatolia1,2. Oat has a low carbon footprint, substantial health benefits and the potential to replace animal-based food products. However, the lack of a fully annotated reference genome has hampered efforts to deconvolute its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics. Here we present a high-quality reference genome of A. sativa and close relatives of its diploid (Avena longiglumis, AA, 2n=14) and tetraploid (Avena insularis, CCDD, 2n=4x=28) progenitors. We reveal the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrate a breeding barrier associated with the genome architecture of oat. We showcase detailed analyses of gene families implicated in human health and nutrition, which adds to the evidence supporting oat safety in gluten-free diets, and we perform mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency. This resource for the Avena genus will help to leverage knowledge from other cereal genomes, improve understanding of basic oat biology and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04732-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04732-y

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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