小柯机器人

比利时鲁汶大学Guy Boeckxstaens团队发现，专门的巨噬细胞组织和维护肠道神经系统。2023年6月14日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这一最新研究成果。

研究人员证明，外肌层的常驻巨噬细胞（MMj）通过修剪突触和吞噬肠道神经元来完善生命早期的肠道神经系统（ENS）。在断奶前去除MMj会破坏这一过程，导致肠道转运异常。断奶后，MMj继续与ENS密切互动，并获得神经支持的表型。后者是由ENS产生的转化生长因子-β指示的；消耗ENS和破坏转化生长因子-β信号，导致与神经元相关的MMj减少，与肠道神经元的丧失和肠道转运的改变有关。这些发现介绍了一种新的负责维护ENS的细胞-细胞交流，并表明ENS类似于大脑，是由专门的常驻巨噬细胞群体塑造和维护的，它使其表型和转录组适应ENS微环境的及时需要。

据介绍，ENS的正确发育和成熟对生存至关重要。出生时，肠神经系统还不成熟，需要相当程度的完善才能在成年后发挥其功能。

附：英文原文

Title: Dedicated macrophages organize and maintain the enteric nervous system

Author: Viola, Maria Francesca, Chavero-Pieres, Marta, Modave, Elodie, Delfini, Marcello, Stakenborg, Nathalie, Estvez, Maria Cuende, Fabre, Naomi, Appeltans, Iris, Martens, Tobie, Vandereyken, Katy, Theobald, Hannah, Van Herck, Jens, Petry, Philippe, Verheijden, Simon, De Schepper, Sebastiaan, Sifrim, Alejandro, Liu, Zhaoyuan, Ginhoux, Florent, Azhar, Mohamad, Schlitzer, Andreas, Matteoli, Gianluca, Kierdorf, Katrin, Prinz, Marco, Berghe, Pieter Vanden, Voet, Thierry, Boeckxstaens, Guy

Issue&Volume: 2023-06-14

Abstract: Correct development and maturation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is critical for survival1. At birth, the ENS is immature and requires considerable refinement to exert its functions in adulthood2. Here we demonstrate that resident macrophages of the muscularis externa (MM) refine the ENS early in life by pruning synapses and phagocytosing enteric neurons. Depletion of MM before weaning disrupts this process and results in abnormal intestinal transit. After weaning, MM continue to interact closely with the ENS and acquire a neurosupportive phenotype. The latter is instructed by transforming growth factor-β produced by the ENS; depletion of the ENS and disruption of transforming growth factor-β signalling result in a decrease in neuron-associated MM associated with loss of enteric neurons and altered intestinal transit. These findings introduce a new reciprocal cell–cell communication responsible for maintenance of the ENS and indicate that the ENS, similarly to the brain, is shaped and maintained by a dedicated population of resident macrophages that adapts its phenotype and transcriptome to the timely needs of the ENS niche.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06200-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06200-7

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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