美国斯坦福大学Jure Leskovec研究小组发现，人员流动网络揭示大城市隔离现象加剧。相关论文于2023年11月29日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。
研究人员表示，长期以来，人们一直期望大型、密集的国际大都市地区能够支持社会经济混合和不同个体之间的接触。对这一假设进行评估一直很困难，因为以前对社会经济混合的测量依赖于静态的住宅数据，而不是人们在工作、休闲场所和家庭社区中的真实暴露数据。
研究人员开发了一种测量暴露隔离的方法，以捕捉这些日常接触中的社会经济多样性。利用代表美国960万人16亿次真实世界接触的手机移动数据，研究人员测量了382个大都会统计区（MSA）和2829个县的接触隔离情况。研究人员发现，十大MSA的暴露隔离度比居民人数少于10万的小型MSA高67%。这意味着，与预期相反，大型国际大都市地区的居民接触到的社会经济多样性个体较少。
其次，研究人员发现，大城市的社会经济隔离加剧，是因为大城市为特定社会经济群体提供了更多的差异化空间选择。第三，研究人员发现，如果城市的枢纽（如购物中心）定位为连接不同社区的桥梁，从而吸引所有社会经济地位的人，那么这种增加隔离的效应就会被抵消。这些研究结果对人文地理学中一个由来已久的猜想提出了质疑，并强调了城市设计如何既能阻止又能促进不同个体之间的相遇。
附：英文原文
Title: Human mobility networks reveal increased segregation in large cities
Author: Nilforoshan, Hamed, Looi, Wenli, Pierson, Emma, Villanueva, Blanca, Fishman, Nic, Chen, Yiling, Sholar, John, Redbird, Beth, Grusky, David, Leskovec, Jure
Issue&Volume: 2023-11-29
Abstract: A long-standing expectation is that large, dense and cosmopolitan areas support socioeconomic mixing and exposure among diverse individuals1,2,3,4,5,6. Assessing this hypothesis has been difficult because previous measures of socioeconomic mixing have relied on static residential housing data rather than real-life exposures among people at work, in places of leisure and in home neighbourhoods7,8. Here we develop a measure of exposure segregation that captures the socioeconomic diversity of these everyday encounters. Using mobile phone mobility data to represent 1.6billion real-world exposures among 9.6million people in the United States, we measure exposure segregation across 382 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and 2,829 counties. We find that exposure segregation is 67% higher in the ten largest MSAs than in small MSAs with fewer than 100,000 residents. This means that, contrary to expectations, residents of large cosmopolitan areas have less exposure to a socioeconomically diverse range of individuals. Second, we find that the increased socioeconomic segregation in large cities arises because they offer a greater choice of differentiated spaces targeted to specific socioeconomic groups. Third, we find that this segregation-increasing effect is countered when a city’s hubs (such as shopping centres) are positioned to bridge diverse neighbourhoods and therefore attract people of all socioeconomic statuses. Our findings challenge a long-standing conjecture in human geography and highlight how urban design can both prevent and facilitate encounters among diverse individuals.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06757-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06757-3
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
