小柯机器人

丹麦哥本哈根大学Eske Willerslev等研究人员合作发现，100个古代基因组显示丹麦新石器时代人口的反复更替。该项研究成果于2024年1月10日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员表示，全新世欧亚大陆的重大迁徙事件已在广泛的区域范围内得到了遗传学描述。然而，由于缺乏高时空分辨率的古代基因组采样数据，对接触区人口动态的研究受到了阻碍。

为了解决这个问题，研究人员分析了丹麦中石器时代、新石器时代和青铜时代早期跨越7300年的100具骸骨的猎枪测序基因组，并将这些基因组与饮食（¹³C和¹⁵N含量）、流动性（87^Sr/86^Sr比值）和植被覆盖（花粉）的代用指标进行了整合。研究人员发现，丹麦中石器时代的马格勒莫斯文化、孔格莫斯文化和埃尔特博勒文化个体形成了一个与其他西欧狩猎采集者相关的独特基因群。尽管物质文化发生了变化，但在距今约10500年至5900年的校准年期间，他们的基因仍表现出同质性，当时，祖先来自安纳托利亚的新石器时代农民来到了这里。

虽然与中欧相比，新石器时代的过渡推迟了一千多年，但这一过渡非常突然，导致人口更替，当地狩猎采集者的遗传贡献有限。与漏斗杯文化相关的后继新石器时代人口只持续了大约1000年，然后来自东部草原的移民才来到这里。虽然相对于中欧而言，新石器时代的过渡推迟了一千多年，但这一过渡非常突然，导致人口更替，当地狩猎采集者的遗传贡献有限。与漏斗杯文化有关的新石器时代后继人口只持续了大约1000年，然后来自东部草原的移民就来到了这里。第二次同样快速的人口更替产生了单墓穴文化，其祖先特征与今天的丹麦人更为相似。在这个多代数据集中，这些重大的人口事件表现为基因型、表型、饮食和土地使用的平行变化。

附：英文原文

Title: 100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark

Author: Allentoft, Morten E., Sikora, Martin, Fischer, Anders, Sjgren, Karl-Gran, Ingason, Andrs, Macleod, Ruairidh, Rosengren, Anders, Schulz Paulsson, Bettina, Jrkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup, Novosolov, Maria, Stenderup, Jesper, Price, T. Douglas, Fischer Mortensen, Morten, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Ulfeldt Hede, Mikkel, Srensen, Lasse, Nielsen, Poul Otto, Rasmussen, Peter, Jensen, Theis Zetner Trolle, Refoyo-Martnez, Alba, Irving-Pease, Evan K., Barrie, William, Pearson, Alice, Sousa da Mota, Brbara, Demeter, Fabrice, Henriksen, Rasmus A., Vimala, Tharsika, McColl, Hugh, Vaughn, Andrew, Vinner, Lasse, Renaud, Gabriel, Stern, Aaron, Johannsen, Niels Nrkjr, Ramse, Abigail Daisy, Schork, Andrew Joseph, Ruter, Anthony, Gotfredsen, Anne Birgitte, Henning Nielsen, Bjarne, Brinch Petersen, Erik, Kannegaard, Esben, Hansen, Jesper, Buck Pedersen, Kristoffer, Pedersen, Lisbeth, Klassen, Lutz, Meldgaard, Morten, Johansen, Morten, Uldum, Otto Christian, Lotz, Per, Lysdahl, Per, Bangsgaard, Pernille, Petersen, Peter Vang, Maring, Rikke, Iversen, Rune, Whlin, Sidsel, Anker Srensen, Sren, Andersen, Sren H., Jrgensen, Thomas, Lynnerup, Niels, Lawson, Daniel J., Rasmussen, Simon, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Kjr, Kurt H., Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Delaneau, Olivier, Werge, Thomas

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-10

Abstract: Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1,2,3,4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5,6,7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Erteblle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06862-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06862-3

Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
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