英国威康桑格研究所Trevor D. Lawley团队与伦敦大学学院Nigel Field团队合作发现，分娩方式是影响整个新生儿期和婴儿期肠道微生物群组成的一个重要因素。 相关论文于2019年9月18日在线发表于《自然》。
研究团队报告了母体拟杆菌菌株的传播中断，以及与医院环境相关的机会性病原体(包括肠球菌、肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌)在剖腹产婴儿中的高水平定植。在母亲接受抗生素预防的阴道分娩婴儿和在新生儿期未进行母乳喂养的婴儿中，均发现了这些影响，但程度较轻。进一步采用纵向采样和全基因组鸟枪全基因组分析方法，对英国医院出生的596名足月婴儿的1679份肠道微生物样本(在新生儿期和婴儿期的几个时间点采集)进行了分析。对于这些婴儿中的一个子集，从母本那里收集了额外的匹配样本(175名母亲与178名婴儿配对)。
该分析表明，分娩方式是影响整个新生儿期和婴儿期肠道微生物群组成的一个重要因素。对来自这些婴儿的800多株细菌进行大规模培养和全基因组测序，发现了可能使个体易于发生机会性感染的条件致病菌的毒性因子和临床相关的抗菌耐药性。研究结果强调了当地环境在早期生活中建立肠道微生物群的关键作用，并确定了含抗生素抗性的机会性病原体的定植，这是以前未被充分认识的医院分娩危险因素。
据悉，新生儿出生后不久就会经历来自母亲和周围环境的微生物的快速定植。儿童期和以后生活中的疾病可能是由婴儿肠道微生物定植的扰动介导的。然而，在新生儿期(1个月)，通过剖腹产分娩对肠道微生物群获取和发育的早期阶段的影响仍然存在争议。
附：英文原文
Title: Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth
Author: Yan Shao, Samuel C. Forster, Evdokia Tsaliki, Kevin Vervier, Angela Strang, Nandi Simpson, Nitin Kumar, Mark D. Stares, Alison Rodger, Peter Brocklehurst, Nigel Field, Trevor D. Lawley
Issue&Volume: 2019-09-18
Abstract:
Immediately after birth, newborn babies experience rapid colonization by microorganisms from their mothers and the surrounding environment1. Diseases in childhood and later in life are potentially mediated by the perturbation of the colonization of the infant gut microbiota2. However, the effects of delivery via caesarean section on the earliest stages of the acquisition and development of the gut microbiota, during the neonatal period (≤1 month), remain controversial3,4. Here we report the disrupted transmission of maternal Bacteroides strains, and high-level colonization by opportunistic pathogens associated with the hospital environment (including Enterococcus, Enterobacter and Klebsiella species), in babies delivered by caesarean section. These effects were also seen, to a lesser extent, in vaginally delivered babies whose mothers underwent antibiotic prophylaxis and in babies who were not breastfed during the neonatal period. We applied longitudinal sampling and whole-genome shotgun metagenomic analysis to 1,679 gut microbiota samples (taken at several time points during the neonatal period, and in infancy) from 596 full-term babies born in UK hospitals; for a subset of these babies, we collected additional matched samples from mothers (175 mothers paired with 178 babies). This analysis demonstrates that the mode of delivery is a significant factor that affects the composition of the gut microbiota throughout the neonatal period, and into infancy. Matched large-scale culturing and whole-genome sequencing of over 800 bacterial strains from these babies identified virulence factors and clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance in opportunistic pathogens that may predispose individuals to opportunistic infections. Our findings highlight the critical role of the local environment in establishing the gut microbiota in very early life, and identify colonization with antimicrobial-resistance-containing opportunistic pathogens as a previously underappreciated risk factor in hospital births.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1560-1
Nature：《自然》，创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团，最新IF：69.504
官方网址：http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接：http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html
本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表
