小柯机器人

新体外模型可用于研究人类发育的前后体轴建立
2020-06-12 23:21

英国剑桥大学Alfonso Martinez Arias、Naomi Moris、荷兰乌得勒支大学医学中心Alexander van Oudenaarden等研究人员合作,开发出人类发育过程中早期前后体轴形成的体外模型。这一研究成果于2020年6月11日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然》上。

研究人员证明,人类胚胎干细胞可用于产生类原肠胚(gastruloid),即三维多细胞聚集体,可分化形成时空组织的三个胚层的衍生物,而无需其他胚外组织。人类类原肠胚沿前后轴延伸,并且研究人员使用空间转录组学发现它们具有模式化的基因表达。这包括体细胞发生的特征,并表明72小时人类类原肠胚表现出卡内基第9期胚胎的某些特征。
 
这项研究报道了一个实验性易处理的模型系统,可用于揭示和检查早期发育时轴向组织过程中发生的人类特定调节过程。
 
据悉,哺乳动物胚胎的身体计划是通过原肠运动过程形成的,原肠运动是一种早期发育事件,它将各向同性的细胞群转化为组织,并参照三个正交轴进行排序。尽管模型生物已经对该过程提供了很多见识,但由于在这样的早期发育阶段很难获得胚胎,并且由于伦理和技术上的因素限制了离体观察原肠运动的可行性,因此,人们对人类原肠运动知之甚少。
 
附:英文原文

Title: An in vitro model of early anteroposterior organization during human development

Author: Naomi Moris, Kerim Anlas, Susanne C. van den Brink, Anna Alemany, Julia Schrder, Sabitri Ghimire, Tina Balayo, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Alfonso Martinez Arias

Issue&Volume: 2020-06-11

Abstract: The body plan of the mammalian embryo is shaped through the process of gastrulation, an early developmental event that transforms an isotropic group of cells into an ensemble of tissues that is ordered with reference to three orthogonal axes1. Although model organisms have provided much insight into this process, we know very little about gastrulation in humans, owing to the difficulty of obtaining embryos at such early stages of development and the ethical and technical restrictions that limit the feasibility of observing gastrulation ex vivo2. Here we show that human embryonic stem cells can be used to generate gastruloids—three-dimensional multicellular aggregates that differentiate to form derivatives of the three germ layers organized spatiotemporally, without additional extra-embryonic tissues. Human gastruloids undergo elongation along an anteroposterior axis, and we use spatial transcriptomics to show that they exhibit patterned gene expression. This includes a signature of somitogenesis that suggests that 72-h human gastruloids show some features of Carnegie-stage-9 embryos3. Our study represents an experimentally tractable model system to reveal and examine human-specific regulatory processes that occur during axial organization in early development.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2383-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2383-9

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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