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肠道细菌产生的神经递质调节宿主的感觉行为
2020-06-18 16:47

美国布兰代斯大学Piali Sengupta和Michael P. O’Donnell研究小组发现,肠道细菌产生的神经递质调节宿主的感觉行为。相关论文于2020年6月17日在线发表在《自然》杂志上。

研究人员发现,在秀丽隐杆线虫中,共生肠道菌普罗维登西亚细菌产生的神经调节因子酪胺,绕过了宿主对酪胺生物合成的需求来调控宿主的感觉决定。细菌产生的酪胺可能被宿主酪胺β-羟化酶转化为章鱼胺。反过来,章鱼胺靶向ASH伤害感受神经元上的OCTR-1章鱼胺受体以调节厌恶性嗅觉反应。

研究人员确定了普罗维登西亚细菌酪胺生物合成所需的基因,并表明这些基因对于调节宿主行为是必需的。进一步研究表明,在食物选择过程中Providencia定殖的秀丽隐杆线虫优先选择这些细菌作为食物,并且这种选择偏好性需要细菌产生的酪胺和宿主章鱼胺信号传导。

该研究结果表明,肠道细菌产生的神经递质模拟了同源宿主分子的功能从而越过宿主调控感觉决定,这促进了宿主和微生物的适应性。

据了解,动物与各种有机体(包括微生物)的复杂群落以共生、致病性或互利的形式共存。一些细菌产生了具有生物活性的神经递质,已有报道指出这种神经递质可调节其宿主的神经系统活动和行为。但是,尚不清楚这种微生物-脑信号的机制基础及其生理相关性。

附:英文原文

Title: A neurotransmitter produced by gut bacteria modulates host sensory behaviour

Author: Michael P. ODonnell, Bennett W. Fox, Pin-Hao Chao, Frank C. Schroeder, Piali Sengupta

Issue&Volume: 2020-06-17

Abstract: Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms1. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts2,3. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota–brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia bacteria, which colonize the gut, bypasses the requirement for host tyramine biosynthesis and manipulates a host sensory decision. Bacterially produced tyramine is probably converted to octopamine by the host tyramine β-hydroxylase enzyme. Octopamine, in turn, targets the OCTR-1 octopamine receptor on ASH nociceptive neurons to modulate an aversive olfactory response. We identify the genes that are required for tyramine biosynthesis in Providencia, and show that these genes are necessary for the modulation of host behaviour. We further find that C. elegans colonized by Providencia preferentially select these bacteria in food choice assays, and that this selection bias requires bacterially produced tyramine and host octopamine signalling. Our results demonstrate that a neurotransmitter produced by gut bacteria mimics the functions of the cognate host molecule to override host control of a sensory decision, and thereby promotes fitness of both the host and the microorganism.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2395-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2395-5

Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:69.504
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html


本期文章:《自然》:Online/在线发表

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